Counterjihad Timeline

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A chronology of the Counterjihad movement.

2004

Gates of Vienna blog header, Screengrab Gates of Vienna

October

2005

June

2006

January

May

September

910 Group logo, Screengrab from Gates of Vienna

October

November

December

2007

January

February

March

Daniel Pipes receiving the Danish Free Press Society's award, 2007. Source: Algemeiner
  • According to the Center for Vigilant Freedom, CVF chapters "began to meet locally and organize public education campaigns in several nations and U.S. states" by this month.[18]
  • 1 - The Center for Vigilant Freedom was set up as a non-stock incorporated company, Center for Vigilant Freedom Incorporated, on this date under Corporation ID number 0670082-7. The registration agent for the company was Christine Brim. [19]

April

Counterjihad Scandinavia 2007, Source: screengrab from Gates of Vienna

June

July

September

  • 11 - SIOE demonstration in Brussels.[26]

October

Counterjihad Brussels 2007. screengrab from Gates of Vienna

November

2008

January

Filip Dewinter of the far right Vlaams Belang Flemish political party. Source. CCSA

March

May

June

October

November

December

2009

January

February

March

April

May

Counterjihad Copenhagen 2009, Source: Liberties Alliance

July

August

September

<youtube size="small" align="right" caption="Alan Lake in Malmo with Sweden Democrats">oY7FL0LgIrA</youtube>

“the concern to me is how groups like that either willingly or unwillingly allow themselves to be exploited by very extreme rightwing groups like the National Front and the British Freedom Fighters”.[55]

October

November

December

2010

Counterjihad Zurich 2010, screengrab from Gates of Vienna

February

April

May

June

2011

<youtube size="tiny" caption="‪Elisabeth Sabaditsch-Wolff meets the EDL‬, Feb 2011" align="right">0xM_IeApWfM</youtube>

February

July

August

  • 5 - Counterjihad blogger Peder Jensen announces he is abandoning his "Fjordman" pseudonym after being cited by extremist Anders Breivik, who killed dozens of people in Norway.[70]
    Counterjihad London Conference 2011, screengrab Gates of Vienna

September

2012

Dispatch International front page, screengrab from Loonwatch

July

August

2013

June

March for Fuselier Lee Rigby, Source:Wikimedia
  • 29 June - EDL leaders Tommy Robinson and Kevin Carroll were arrested in East London after they defied a police order confining an EDL Armed Forces Day demonstration to an area between Hyde Park Corner and Westminster in central London. The two men planned to pass East London Mosque on their walk from Hyde Park to Woolwich to lay flowers at the place where soldier Lee Rigby was killed.

September

  • Counterjihad Warsaw 2013 - scheduled to coincide with another conference, the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Human Dimension Implementation Meeting.[1][76]

October

  • Tommy Robinson quit the EDL, announcing this at a press conference organised by the 'counter-extremist' think tank Quilliam Foundation who say that they 'facilitated' his departure. Robinson claimed in an interview with the Guardian that he was 'sorry' for creating fear among Muslims in the UK and an 'us and them' culture of violence. [77]

2014

PEGIDA Dresden rally, 2014, Wikimedia

April

September

  • EDL protest in Rotherham, England over revelations of child sex exploitation in the town, with around 1000 attending. Protestors attack police.

October

November

December

  • 22 - around 17,000 people attend PEGIDA's 10th demonstration in Dresden, alarming the mainstream.[79]

2015

<youtube size="tiny" align="right" caption="Former BNP /EDL member Tommy Robinson at launch of PEGIDA Netherlands, October 2015">52icPvPWXKo</youtube>

January

  • 9 - Fifty English Defence League supporters jailed for more than a combined 75 years, for violence at a protest in Birmingham, England in July 2013
  • 12 - PEGIDA protest in Dresden attracts record 25,000 following Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris.[80]

February

  • 8 - Around 600 EDL protestors in Dudley, England marched against a planned construction of a mosque in the West Midlands. Thirty arrested, 25 later released.
  • 28 - Pegida UK holds its first rally in Newcastle, but its 375-400 supporters are vastly outnumbered by 3000 counter-protestors organised by the Newcastle Unites group. Banners at the protest featured far-right insignia including that of the National Front party. [84]


March

  • 4 - An attempted rally by Pegida Scotland flops, with a handful of protestors again outflanked by over 200 anti-fascists
  • 23 - prospective UK Conservative Party parliamentary candidate Afzal Amin steps down after former EDL leader Tommy Robinson reveals that Amin had been in talks with him to arrange a phony EDL protest march against a proposed mosque in Dudley.[85]

May

July

  • 1 - Baroness Caroline Cox, who originally hosted its launch in 2014 makes a statement on her 'position' regarding Sharia Watch: 'I now have no continuing connection or involvement with Sharia Watch'. [88]

August

  • Anne Marie Waters cancels the Mohammed cartoon drawing exhibition, citing security concerns including that 'people could be killed'.[89]

September

October

  • 20 - Two years after he quit the English Defence League and 'apologised' for his anti-Muslim violence and rhetoric, Tommy Robinson speaks at rallies of PEGIDA protestors in the Netherlands and Germany to mark the first anniversary of PEGIDA, telling anti-Islam protesters that refugees are 'invading Europe'. [90]

December

  • Tommy Robinson announces he will take over as leader of Pegida UK, to be re-launched in the New Year.
  • London sees a tripling of anti-Muslim attacks following Paris terror attacks
  • US Republican candidate Donald Trump calls for a temporary ban on all immigration of Muslims into the USA following the San Bernardino shootings on 2 December. He cites a discredited public opinion poll by Frank Gaffney's Center for Security Policy as evidence for his policy call.
  • New York Times reports that "kill Muslims" is the top Google search in California using the word "Muslims" after the San Bernadino shootings
  • 29: German Green Party MP Volker Beck starts legal proceedings against Pegida and several of its supporters for 18 threats to his life, accusing Pegida of encouraging a ‘spiral of hate’. [91]

2016

January

  • 4: Launch of Pegida UK. Paul Weston (British Freedom Party and Liberty GB) is appointed as its new leader and Anne Marie Waters (UKIP and Sharia Watch) its chairperson. Ex-EDL leader Stephen Yaxley-Lennon aka Tommy Robinson is also closely involved.
  • 6: Britain First leader Paul Golding found guilty of harassing a Muslim woman in Essex. He is fined £325 for harassment and £100 for wearing a political uniform, and is given a two-year restraining order. [92]
  • 18: Geert Wilders posts a comment on Facebook demanding all male refugees from Islamic countries be locked up in order to protect Dutch women from Cologne-style assaults. A 1000-strong anti-refugee protest is broken by police in Central Heesch, Netherlands, where a centre for 500 refugees was opened. [93]
  • 21: BBC News reveals 400 children aged ten and under have been referred to the Channel Project which aims to tackle radicalisation of young people; 1,424 young people aged between 11-15 have also been referred. [94]
  • 27: West Yorkshire Police write letter to Britain First members barring them from carrying their 'No More Mosques' banners at an upcoming Dewsbury protest, classifying it as a religiously aggravated public order offence and warning anyone doing so would be arrested. Britain First said it would ignore the restriction. The group claims it has widespread support, pointing to the 1.2 million likes on its Facebook page.
  • UK prime minister David Cameron is criticised by MPs after describing the men, women and children who are destitute in Calais as a ‘bunch of migrants’ in an exchange with Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn at PMQs. [95]
  • 28: The British Home Office responded to a 12,000-signature petition calling for Britain First to be banned with a statement but would not confirm if the group was under review.

February

  • 7: Pegida UK held a 'silent march' in Birmingham.

March

  • 1: Britain First’s ‘Christian intervention’, led by Deputy Leader Jayda Franken attracted no more than 10 supporters as it staged a picket outside the Whitechapel mosque in East London. [96]

April

May

  • 2: Figures released by West Yorkshire Police show that the number of racially motivated hate crimes it has recorded has increased by 63 per cent in a year, and the number of religiously motivated hate crimes by 192 per cent. According to a report by the force: “Around one half of all faith hate crimes recorded relate to offences where the targeted faith is Islam. Around 13 per cent of all faith hate crimes recorded related to anti-Semitic offenses.” [97]
  • 7: An anti-Islam rally organised by Jenna Louca from the Casual Infidels draws just 24 protesters in Burton, Staffordshire. [98]
  • 21: Britain First's Paul Golding arrested for breach of his bail after setting up a leafleting stand in Leicester city centre with 20 BF activists. Their protest was outnumbered five-fold by an anti-fascist counter-protest. [99]
  • Half of all people feared to be at risk of terrorist sympathies and referred to Channel may have mental health or psychological problems, a police study has found [100]
  • 24: Austrian police reveal the gunman who fired more than forty shots into a concert in Vorarlberg, killing three people and injuring eleven more before killing himself, was a member of the neo-Nazi Blood & Honour group. [101]
  • 28: Despite bold words about a two-day protest in Kent, fewer than 30 South East Alliance of National Front supporters marched in Dover on Saturday, while Sunday turned into a no-show. [102]

June

  • 5: Numerous far-right activists from the National Front, BNP and EDL, are active in Brexit campaigning across the UK, including Andrew Edge, a prominent member of the far-Right English Defence League, who was jailed after an EDL protest for 21 months in 2014. [103]
  • 20: Tommy Robinson, ex-EDL leader and leader of PEGIDA UK since 2016, under the name Stephen Yaxley-Lennon, escaped a football banning order during Euro 2016, celebrates with 'F**k Isis' England flag in France. Police arrived at his home when he was already in France. [104]
  • 21: Vote Leave campaigners refuse to answer questions about a £600,000 donation to the Leave campaign from Gladys Bramall, the third-largest individual donor to the campaign and a former member of the BNP. [105]
  • 23: Far-right activist Joshua Bonehill-Paine, is charged with a racially or religiously aggravated offences of harassment (non-violent) between October 2014 and January 2015

July

  • 19: IPSO receives over 1,400 complaints after former Sun editor Kelvin MacKenzie made remarks in The Sun criticising Muslim newscaster, Fatima Manji for wearing a hijab while reporting the Nice attack. [106]
  • 22: Police are investigating allegations that users of an unofficial British Army internet forum (the Army Rumour Service (ARRSE), which is popular among both serving and ex-soldiers) used racist language about Gypsies and Travellers. [107]
  • 26: The chances of police or prosecutors taking action against hate crime offenders, including for racially motivated offences, have plummeted over the last year [108]

August

  • 8: Think-tank Policy Exchange publishes a paper calling for the introduction of a population register. Author David Goodhart says everyone having a ‘unique person number’ would allay fears that the country is turning into an ‘economic transit camp’. [109]
  • UKIP leadership candidate, Lisa Duffy, calls for a ban on the veil in public buildings, shopping centres and on public transport. [110]
  • 11: Britain First is banned from Luton and all mosques in England and Wales following a High Court case brought by Bedfordshire police. The officers accuse anti-Islam party of creating 'community tensions' by their activism.[111]
  • 15: Adam Walker, leader of the British National Party, is arrested on allegations of electoral fraud in local elections in Pendle in May [112]

Notes

  1. Baron Bodissey, The Newest Phase of a Very Old War, Gates of Vienna, 9 October 2004.
  2. UK and Scandinavia Counterjihad Summit, Stop Islamiseringen af Danmark, 15 April 2007,accessed via the Internet Archive 17 August 2011.
  3. Andrea Elliott, The Man Behind the Anti-Shariah Movement, New York Times, 30 July 2011.
  4. Herzl Award Recipients 2006, World Zionist Organisation, 7 May 2006.
  5. CVF News, Center for Vigilant Freedom, via the Internet Archive, accessed 17 August 2011.
  6. Baron Bodissey, The Emperor is Naked, Gates of Vienna, 4 September 2006.
  7. Lee Kaplan, The ISM-Terror Connection, FrontPageMagazine.com, 13 September 2006.
  8. ISM Responds to Internet Photos, Reaffirms Commitment to Non-violence, International Solidarity Movement, 16 September 2006.
  9. Part 1 - "The International Solidarity Movement unmasked", Lionheart, 24 February 2007.
  10. Baron Bodissey, Slouching Towards London, Gates of Vienna, 2 October 2011.
  11. Baron Bodissey, Name-Dropping from the National Press Club, Gates of Vienna, 28 September 2006.
  12. Jack Wheeler and Steve Baldwin, THE CREATION OF AN ANTI-ISLAMOFASCISM MOVEMENT, To The Point News, 24 November 2006.
  13. Baron Bodissey, The Coalition to Preserve Civilization, Gates of Vienna, 30 November 2006.
  14. Paul Belien Appointed Director of Islamist Watch, Middle East Forum, 11 December 2006.
  15. Copy of Who is record for VigilantFreedom.org, from Domain Tool, 4 June 2009
  16. Atlas and LIONHEART, blogtalkradio, 9 January 2007.
  17. Baron Bodissey, “Gilani Lane Is Insane!”, Gates of Vienna, 20 February 2007.
  18. CVF News, Center for Vigilant Freedom, via the Internet Archive, accessed 17 August 2011.
  19. Clerk's Information System, Virginia State Corporation Commission, accessed 14 December 2008.
  20. "If They Aren't Guilty,Why Are They Hiding Down There?", Southside Messenger, 2 March 2007.
  21. Baron Bodissey, Daniel Pipes at the Copenhagen Workers’ Museum, Gates of Vienna, 12 March 2007.
  22. Baron Bodissey, Vigilant Freedom at Ground Zero, Gates of Vienna, 31 March 2007.
  23. Baron Bodissey, Report on the Counterjihad Summit, Gates of Vienna, 19 April 2007.
  24. Anna Reiman, Far-Right Mobilizes against Cologne Mega-Mosque, Der Spiegel, 19 June 2007.
  25. Online Radio interview, Lionheart, 6 July 2007.
  26. Police arrest 2 far-right Belgian leaders at anti-Islam 9/11 protest, Associated Press, 11 September 2007, accessed via the Internet Archive on 17 August 2011.
  27. CounterJihad Brussels 2007 Conference, accessed 17 August 2011.
  28. CounterJihad Brussels 2007 Conference, accessed 17 August 2011.
  29. Haaretz: Jews for Le Pen, Centre for Vigilant Freedom, 22 November 2007, via the Internet Archive.
  30. CENTRE FOR VIGILANT FREEDOM/VIGILANT FREEDOM EUROPA PRESENTAZIONE, lisistrata.com, 30 November 2007.
  31. A Profile in Courage: An Interview with "Lionheart," The British Blogger in Hiding, by Phyllis Chesler, Chesler Chronicles, Pajamas Media, 9 January 2008.
  32. Conference 'Cities against Islamization', Cities against Islamisation, 18 January 2008.
  33. Dymphna, Counterjihad Vienna 2008, Gates of Vienna, 12 May 2008.
  34. Program - How Free is the University - an International Conference, American Freedom Alliance, accessed, 17 August 2011.
  35. SHARIA LAW IN BRITAIN...IT WILL NEVER HAPPEN, http://acaciafreedomfighters.blogspot.com, 27 September 2008.
  36. Interview with Andrew G. Bostom/Islam and Anti-Semitism, by Alan Johnson, Democratiya, Winter 2008. Accessed via the internet Archive, 17 August 2011.
  37. Schedule, Facing Jihad: A Lawmakers' Summit, accessed via the Internet Archive, 17 August 2011.
  38. Policy Statement, International Free Press Society, 1 January 2009, accessed via the Internet Archive, 17 August 2011.
  39. NEVER-BEFORE-REVEALED TERRORIST TRAINING VIDEO EXPOSES 35 COMPOUNDS ON AMERICAN SOIL, Christian Action Network, 28 January 2009.
  40. 40.0 40.1 Daniel Luban and Eli Clifton, POLITICS: Dutch Foe of Islam Ignores US Allies' Far Right Ties, Inter Press Service, 28 February 2009.
  41. Gerry Gable, Simon Cressy and Tom Woodson, A hot August?, Searchlight, August 2009.
  42. Sally Anne Johnson, Luton Today, 14 April 2009.
  43. Events, Florida Security Council, accessed 14 September 2009.
  44. Baron Bodissey, Slouching Towards Copenhagen, 23 May 2009.
  45. Baron Bodissey, Slouching towards Copenhagen, 23 May 2009.
  46. New English Review Symposium, New English Review, accessed 15 May 2009.
  47. Muslim group shuts down Conservative conference, Newsmax.com, 28 May 2009.
  48. Dipesh Gadher and Robin Henry, Unmasked: wealthy backers behind far-right league, Sunday Times, 11 December 2011, archived at Hope Not Hate.
  49. Final List of Participants, Supplementary Human Dimension Meeting on Freedom of Religion or Belief, OSCE, accessed 17 August 2011.
  50. Robert Spencer, Libelblogger Charles Johnson of Little Green Footballs digs deeper, adding new lies to his original ones, JihadWatch, 9 September 2009.
  51. Robert Spencer, Oh to be in England, JihadWatch, 19 August 2009.
  52. Robert Spencer, Libelblogger Charles Johnson of Little Green Footballs digs deeper, adding new lies to his original ones, JihadWatch, 9 September 2009.
  53. Seminar about islamization, speaker Alan Lake, part 1, Youtube, uploaded 10 October 2009, accessed 12 October 2009.
  54. Robert Booth, Matthew Taylor and Paul Lewis, English Defence League: chaotic alliance stirs up trouble on streets, The Guardian, 12 September 2009.
  55. James Boxell, Police play down threat from far right, Financial Times, 24 September 2009.
  56. Richard Bartholomew New Anti-Islam Group, Same Old Faces Bartholomew's Notes on Religion Posted on September 27, 2009
  57. Robert Spencer, Spencer at Human Rights Rally in Europe, Jihad Watch, 3 October 2009.
  58. Paul Ray, A United European & International Christian defence force, Lionheart, 23 October 2009.
  59. Richard Bartholomew, Paul Ray Identifies with Northern Ireland Loyalist Groups, 23 October 2009.
  60. David Leask, Far-right extremists contained amid anti-war marches, Scotland on Sunday, 15 November 2009.
  61. Marc Vallée, EDL & PRESS FREEDOM, marcvallee.co.uk, 15 December 2009.
  62. Phone call to Metropolitan Police Press Bureau, 9.40pm, 18 December 2009.
  63. Eli Clifton, CPAC’s Third Rail, Lobelog, 19 February 2010.
  64. Britons In Berlin At Rally For Geert Wilders, International Civil Liberties Alliance, 2 May 2010.
  65. SIOA “NO MOSQUE AT GROUND ZERO” JUNE 6 RALLY (VIDEOS AND PICTURES), No Mosques at Ground Zero, 7 June 2010.
  66. Baron Bodissey, Slouching Towards Zurich, Gates of Vienna, 16 June 2010.
  67. Morrigan Emmaleth and Cassandra Victoria, EDL Jewish Division Issues First Press Release, EDL, 29 June 2010
  68. Video and ohotos of Elisabeth Sabaditsch-Wolff addressing the English Defence League demonstration, 5 February 2011, accessed 8 February 2011.
  69. EDL founder Stephen Lennon guilty over football brawl, BBC News, 25 July 2011.
  70. Morten Hopperstad, Marianne Vikås, Rolf J. Widerøe, Dennis Ravndal, Hans Henrik Torgersen, Jarle Brenna and Gordon Andersen Breivik's political idol «Fjordman» emerges from anonymity, VG, 5 August 2011.
  71. Dymphna, Counterjihad London 2011, Gates of Vienna, 25 September 2011.
  72. KGS, EDL’S TOMMY ROBINSON TELLS OF HIS PERSECUTION BY THE BRITISH STATE…….., Tundra Tabloids, 29 September 2011.
  73. Slouching Towards Brusells Redux, Gates of Vienna, 15 July 2012
  74. Brussels 2012 Agenda], International Civil Liberties Alliance, 9 July 2012
  75. Stop Islamization of Nations, Worldwide Counter-Jihad Alliance to Launch with Stockholm Demonstration on August 4012, sacbee.com, 12 June 2012.
  76. Slouching Towards Warsaw, Gates of Vienna, 6 October 2013
  77. Shiv Malik, Ex-EDL leader Tommy Robinson says sorry for causing fear to Muslims , The Guardian, 11 October 2013
  78. Sharia Watch UK and the Metamorphosis of Anne Marie Waters, Institute of Race Relations, 21 January 2015
  79. Lizzie Dearden, Germany anti-Islam protests: 17,000 march on Dresden against 'Islamification of the West', The Independent, 23 December 2014, accessed 5 Jan 2015
  80. PEGIDA leader Kathrin Oertel resigns one week after founder quits, CBC, 28 January 2015
  81. ‘Defeat Jihad Summit’ Challenges Islamic Supremacism – And The Obama ‘Strategy’and A.U.M.F. That Disregard It, Center for Security Policy, 10 February 2015, accessed 18 December 2015
  82. Miranda Blue, [Cruz and Jindal join far-right activists at Frank Gaffney 'Defeat Jihad' Forum], 18 February 2015, accessed 25 February 2015
  83. ‘Defeat Jihad Summit’ to feature a parade of Islamophobes, Imagine2050, 7 Feb, 2015, accessed 25 February 2015
  84. Jon Stone UK Pegida rally met with thousands at counter-protests in Newcastle, The Independent, 28 February 2015
  85. Cahal Milmo, Afzal Amin: EDL leader claims shadowy millionaire backed Tory Dudley candidate's plot, The Independent, 23 March 2015
  86. Why the shootings happened in a small city in Texas, BBC Newsbeat, 5 May 2015.
  87. Ewan Palmer, Prophet Mohammed cartoon exhibition with Geert Wilders planned for central London, IBTimes, 2 July 2015
  88. Equal and Free website, accessed October 2015
  89. Jess Denham, London 'Draw Mohamed' exhibition cancelled due to 'real possibility people could be killed', The Independent, 20 August
  90. Lizzie Dearden, Tommy Robinson tells German anti-Islam protesters refugees are 'invading Europe' as Pegida marks anniversary Independent, 20 October 2015
  91. The Local, 29 December 2016
  92. Sam Balls, Britain First leader Paul Golding found guilty of harassment and wearing a political uniform, Essex Chronicle, 6 January 2016
  93. author name here, [http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2016/01/83567-2/ Anti-refugee riots erupt in second Dutch village Dutch News, 19 January 2016. Accessed September 8 2016.
  94. [1] BBC News, More than 400 children under 10 referred for 'deradicalisation', 21 January 2016. Accessed 8 September 2016.
  95. Cameron's 'bunch of migrants' jibe is callous and dehumanising, say MPs, The Guardian accessed 8 September 2016
  96. ref needed
  97. [2] Big rise in number of religious hate crime reports in West Yorkshire, Yorkshire Evening Post, 2 June 2016. Accessed 08 September 2016.
  98. [3] Burton Mail, 'Just 24 marchers turn up to anti-Islamic protest', 08 May 2016. Accessed 8 September 2016.
  99. [4] ‘Racists not welcome here!’ Britain First Brexit campaigners run out of Leicester, RT, 22 May, 2016. Accessed 08 September 2016.
  100. [5], Police Study links Radicalisation to Mental Health Problems, 21 May 2016. Accessed 08 September 2016.
  101. [6] Swiss injured by neo- Nazi gunman in Austria, The Local, 24 May 2016, Accessed 08 September 2016.
  102. [7] Latest Far-Right Protest In Dover Another Fascist Flop, Morning Star, May 30th 2016. Accessed 8 September 2016.
  103. [8] Mail on Sunday, June 5th 2016, Accessed 08 September 2016.
  104. [9] Tommy Robinson: Ex-EDL leader escapes Euro 2016 ban, celebrates with 'F**k Isis' England flag in France, International Business Times, June 20, 2016. Accessed 08 September 2016.
  105. [10] Vote Leave Avoids Handing Back £600,000 Donation From Ex-BNP Member, Buzzfeed, 21 June 2016. Accessed 08 September 2016.
  106. [Kelvin MacKenzie's hijab remarks in Sun spark 1,400 complaints], BBC News, 20 July 2016. Accessed 08 September 2016.
  107. [11] I News, Police investigate ‘racist hate speech’ on unofficial British Army website, 22 July 2016. Last Accessed 08 September 2016.
  108. [12] Hate crime is on the rise, but police are taking less action against suspects, The Bureau of Investigative Journalism, July 26 2016. Last Accessed 08 September 2016.
  109. [13] The Guardian, UK should monitor population with 'unique person numbers' – think tank, 08 August 2016. Last Accessed 08 September 2016.
  110. [14] Ukip's Lisa Duffy defends call for ban on Muslim veils in public places, This is Local London, 08 August 2016. Last Accessed 08 September 2016.
  111. [15] International Business Times, Britain First banned from Luton and all mosques in England and Wales after police High Court victory, August 16, 2016. Last Accessed 08 September 2016.
  112. [16] Morning Star BNP Leader Arrested For ‘Electoral Fraud’, 15 August 2016. Last Accessed 08 September 2016.