Zionist movement Chile
The organised Zionist movement in Chile: its federation, national institutions, communal bodies, youth movements and schools, and links to "Israel"
The Zionist movement in Chile is organised through the Federación Sionista de Chile (Zionist Federation of Chile), which the World Zionist Organization (WZO) lists as its territorial federation in the country.[1] The WZO gives the telephone number +56 2 29515971 and the email contacto@chileisrael.cl.[1] Chile had four mandates at the 39th World Zionist Congress in 2025, the same as in 2020,[2][3] and the WZO's delegates page lists nine people under Chile.[4] The community's representative body, the Comunidad Judía de Chile (CJCh), is the World Jewish Congress (WJC) affiliate and, in the WJC's words, "the umbrella organization of Chilean Judaism and its arm of political representation".[5] Sergio DellaPergola put Chile's core Jewish population at 15,700 at the start of 2023, the twentieth largest in the world.[6] The WJC's lead figure is "roughly 16,000"; the same page's demography section cites DellaPergola's 2018 estimate of 18,300.[5] Chile also has, according to the WJC, "the largest Palestinian community outside the Middle East", "believed to be over 300,000, with its own institutions and political representation".[5] For other countries see Zionist movement by country. For the wider political, diplomatic and commercial links between Chile and "Israel", including arms sales under Augusto Pinochet, see Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Chile.
History
Immigration and the first Zionist organisations
The WJC dates the first Jewish arrivals to conversos who came with the Spanish conquest, and records French and German Jews settling in Valparaíso in the nineteenth century, Sephardi Jews arriving from the Ottoman Empire from the late nineteenth century until the 1930s, and Jews fleeing Tsarist Russia settling in Santiago and the south. It says the first minyan in Santiago took place at Rosh Hashanah in 1906, and that a group of 87 people organised in 1909.[5] After the Balfour Declaration, the WJC says, "Zionist activity expanded in Chile", and a Congress of Jews of Chile met in 1919, with representatives of 13 cities, "as part of a movement to centralize the Jewish community". Refugee entry was restricted under President Arturo Alessandri (1932–38), eased under Pedro Aguirre Cerda, and banned again from 1941 to 1945.[5]
The WJC says the country's Jewish organisations are affiliated to the CJCh, which in 2016 celebrated 110 years of work. La Palabra Israelita, in a historical survey published on 29 May 2026, says the Comité Representativo de las Entidades Judías de Chile (CREJ) "se transformó en la Comunidad Judía de Chile (CJCh)" (was transformed into the Comunidad Judía de Chile).[7] It lists the Zionist Federation, B'nai B'rith, WIZO, the "Israeli Stadium", a golf club, two nursing homes, ORT, and a Jewish volunteer fire service, the "Israeli Water Bomb", among communal bodies. Each year the community organises a Tefilá de Chile attended by the president and ministers, and a Hanukkah lamp is lit at the presidential palace, La Moneda.[5]
Recognition of "Israel", the Palestinian community and diplomatic swings
The WJC says Chile recognised "Israel" as an independent state in 1949 and that "Israel" recognised Chile's military government after the 1973 coup and the democratic government in 1990. Sebastián Piñera was, it says, the first Chilean president to make an official visit to "Israel", in early 2010, and visited again in June 2019. In 2011 Chile recognised the State of Palestine, "attributable to its large number of Palestinian residents". In July 2014, during the assault on Gaza, Chile recalled its ambassador and froze a free-trade agreement, which was later reinstated.[5]
Under President Gabriel Boric, relations deteriorated again after October 2023. On 18 January 2024 Chile and Mexico referred the situation in the State of Palestine to the International Criminal Court.[8] In March 2024 Boric excluded Israeli companies from the FIDAE air and defence fair, saying that what was happening in Gaza was "inaceptable". The Israeli ambassador, Gil Artzyeli, accused the government of a "política antiisraelí" (anti-Israeli policy).[9]
On 19 March 2025 the CJCh repudiated Boric's condemnation of resumed Israeli attacks on Gaza. In a statement reported by CNN Chile it said his remarks "revelan un preocupante desconocimiento del conflicto" (reveal a worrying ignorance of the conflict), objected to "una narrativa que distorsiona los hechos" (a narrative that distorts the facts), criticised his reference to "los chacales" ("the jackals"), and said: "Si realmente existiera un interés genuino en defender a los civiles que viven en Gaza, la prioridad debería ser exigir la eliminación de Hamás" (If there were a genuine interest in defending the civilians living in Gaza, the priority should be to demand the elimination of Hamas). It added that the statements "solo sirven para alimentar el antisemitismo en Chile" (only serve to feed antisemitism in Chile).[10]
Boric's successor, José Antonio Kast, appointed Gabriel Zaliasnik, who had been CJCh president from 2006 to 2010, as Chile's ambassador to "Israel" in June 2026, filling a post vacant since 2024. The serving Israeli ambassador in Santiago, Peleg Lewi, called the appointment "un paso importante para fortalecer los vínculos entre nuestros países tras más de dos años" (an important step to strengthen the ties between our countries after more than two years).[11] The Comunidad Palestina en Chile issued "su más enérgico rechazo" (its strongest rejection), calling the appointment "una decisión gravísima" (a very grave decision), "contraria al interés nacional" and "profundamente ofensiva para los cientos de miles de chilenos de origen palestino" (deeply offensive to the hundreds of thousands of Chileans of Palestinian origin). It said the objection was to Zaliasnik's public statements, including his use of the names Judea and Samaria for the West Bank, rather than to his origin or religion.[12] The president of "Israel" received Zaliasnik's credentials on 3 August 2026.[13]
2025 World Zionist Congress election
Chile kept its four mandates in 2025.[2] Unlike earlier congresses, when, in the words of rabbi Lucas Lejderman, "Históricamente en Chile no hay votaciones, había acuerdos" (historically in Chile there are no votes, there were agreements), a vote was held in 2025, "después de muchos años" (after many years).[14] Revista Shalom, on 7 May 2025, said voting would take place online between 25 May and 8 June 2025, and that Chile participates in the WZO through the Consejo Sionista de Chile (CSC). It named six factions then represented in Chile: Confederatzia, Hanoar, Likud, Meretz, Merkaz and Mizraji.[15] La Palabra Israelita on 30 May 2025, interviewing Gerardo Gorodischer on the Masortí candidacy led by Lejderman, likewise said the process had begun on 25 May and would close on 8 June, online, to choose the four delegates.[16]
On 29 August 2025 La Palabra Israelita interviewed Debbie Guberek, "presidenta del Consejo Sionista de Chile", who gave the results of the four factions that took the available seats: Masortí 39.10 per cent, TH4 23.63 per cent, Mizrachi 19.18 per cent and Meretz 10.20 per cent.[17] The acronym TH4 is not expanded in that report. The WZO's official results table for the 39th Congress awards Chile's four territorial seats to Hanoar Hatzioni (Hebrew: הנוער הציוני), Mercaz Olami, Meretz Olami and Mizrachi, matching those four slates under the WZO's own names.[2] The WZO delegates list includes Tamara Gejman under Hanoar Hatzioni.[4] In Argentina, Vis a Vis (19 June 2023) and Itón Gadol (31 July 2024) describe TH4 as "la agrupación política sionista que respalda a la familia del Hanoar Hatzioní" (the political Zionist grouping that backs the Hanoar Hatzioni family), and name a TH4 executive secretary in "Israel", Arieh Edelheit.[18][19] Taken together, TH4 in the Chilean results is the Hanoar Hatzioni slate. The letters TH4 themselves are not expanded in the sources opened here.
The WZO lists these people under Chile:[4]
| Name | World union or faction (WZO listing) |
|---|---|
| Martin Benado | Maccabi World Union |
| Tamara Benquis | World Union of Meretz |
| Tamara Gejman | Hanoar Hatzioni |
| Gerardo Gorodischer | Mercaz Olami |
| Ian Kreisberg Adaro | Student delegation (including WUJS, Yavneh, Tagar, Marom, Tamar and PZC Hagshama) |
| Leon Lanis | Student delegation (including WUJS, Yavneh, Tagar, Marom, Tamar and PZC Hagshama) |
| Andres Meyer | World Mizrachi |
| Andres Tassara | Student delegation (including WUJS, Yavneh, Tagar, Marom, Tamar and PZC Hagshama) |
| Ronit Temple | Masorti Olami |
Nine names are listed for four territorial mandates. As in other countries, some of the additional names are associated with world unions (here Maccabi World Union, the student delegation and Masorti Olami).
National institutions
| National institution | Chilean affiliate or presence |
|---|---|
| World Zionist Organization | Federación Sionista de Chile. The WZO gives the telephone number +56 2 29515971 and the email contacto@chileisrael.cl.[1] On 13 December 2011 the CJCh announced that the Federación Sionista de Chile "derivó en una institución más moderna que cumplirá sus funciones bajo el alero, esta vez, del naciente Consejo Chileno Israelí" (derived into a more modern institution that will fulfil its functions under the umbrella, this time, of the nascent Consejo Chileno Israelí), and described Yonathan Nowogrodski as president of "el Consejo Chileno Israelí (ex Federación Sionista de Chile)".[20] In June 2013 Itón Gadol called Nowogrodski "ex presidente del Consejo Chileno Israelí-Federación Sionista".[21] Ana María Tapia-Adler, writing in Cuadernos Judaicos in December 2013, said the old Federación "ha dejado de existir en la práctica siendo reemplazada por el Consejo Chileno Israelí" (has in practice ceased to exist, being replaced by the Consejo Chileno Israelí), and dated the Consejo's creation as 2012, when it "became the representative institution of the World Zionist Organization".[22] A site at federacionsionista.cl still presents itself as the "Consejo Chileno Israelí" (copyright 2023) and lists KKL Chile, Keren Hayesod Chile and WIZO Chile, with the contact email contacto@federacionsionista.cl.[23] 2025 election coverage in Revista Shalom and La Palabra Israelita names the WZO member in Chile as the Consejo Sionista de Chile (CSC).[15][17] No page opened here uses both "Consejo Sionista de Chile" and "Consejo Chileno Israelí" of the same body; the WZO continues to list the older Federación name, with the email contacto@chileisrael.cl.[1] |
| Jewish Agency for Israel | The Israeli embassy in Santiago lists an Agencia Judía contact (telephone 123000207904, email gci-sp@jafi.org) on its Spanish-language contacts page.[24] Revista Shalom on 29 April 2024 said the Sojnut in Chile had had an office in the embassy and a presence of shlichim until the late 1990s, that its activity reached a critical point and closed in the mid-2000s, and that it was revived in 2015 with the arrival of a sheliaj at the Instituto Hebreo. As of that article, Yonatan Goren was the sheliaj in Chile, also serving Paraguay, with a team including Nati Espinoza and Katia Chechelnitsky, who accompanies olim, and a youth-movements council, Derej.[25] On 4 December 2025 Shalom described Sam Robinson as a "representante de la Agencia Judía" (representative of the Jewish Agency) at a JReady resilience training held with the CJCh.[26] Itón Gadol reported on 17 February 2025 that Eli Cohen, previously secretary-general of Keren Kayemeth LeIsrael, had been appointed representative of the WZO and the Jewish Agency "para Argentina y el cono sur" (for Argentina and the Southern Cone).[27] At a communal Iom Haatzmaut celebration in Chile on 22 May 2026, La Palabra Israelita described Cohen, who was present, as "sheliaj de la Agencia Judía".[28] A later confirmation that Goren remained the sheliaj in Chile after April 2024 was not found in the communal press. |
| Keren Hayesod | Fundación de Beneficencia Keren Hayesod Chile (khchile.cl). It describes itself as a non-profit that has, "desde hace casi un siglo" (for almost a century), been dedicated to supporting and strengthening ties between the Chilean Jewish community and "the State of Israel". A testimonial on the site, attributed to the CJCh, says Keren Hayesod's funds have contributed to "una fuerte identidad sionista" (a strong Zionist identity) and to the continuity of Jewish life in Chile.[29] |
| Jewish National Fund | KKL Chile (Fondo Nacional Judío, kklchile.cl). The site promotes tree-planting, donations and travel to "Israel", and records a "Senda de la Coexistencia" project.[30] |
| Women's International Zionist Organization | WIZO Chile. World WIZO says the federation was founded in 1925, has more than 1,500 members and over 40 groups in four regional branches, supports nine WIZO day-care centres in "Israel", and aids 14 municipal schools in Chile. The president is Evelyn Schatloff Glasner; the chairperson is Sandra Gabor Blum.[31] |
Major Zionist and Jewish communal organisations
- Federación Sionista de Chile / Consejo Chileno Israelí / Consejo Sionista de Chile: the WZO still lists the territorial federation under the Federación name.[1] In December 2011 the CJCh presented the Consejo Chileno Israelí as the Federación under a new name ("ex Federación Sionista de Chile"), with Nowogrodski as its first president; a 2013 Itón Gadol report hyphenated the two names, and Tapia-Adler wrote that the old Federación had in practice been replaced by the Consejo Chileno Israelí, which became the WZO's representative institution.[20][21][22] 2025 election coverage names the WZO member as the Consejo Sionista de Chile; in August 2025 La Palabra Israelita described Debbie Guberek as its president. No later dated mention of her in that post, and no named successor, was found.[15][17] No page opened here equates the 2025 name Consejo Sionista de Chile with the Consejo Chileno Israelí.
- Comunidad Judía de Chile (CJCh): the WJC affiliate and, in the WJC's words, the community's political representation.[5] La Palabra Israelita describes the CREJ as having been transformed into the CJCh.[7] Alfredo Misraji assumed the presidency for 2025–2026 on 9 March 2025; the staff page names him as president, Dafne Englander K. as executive director and Yael Schiff M. as communications director.[32][33][34] In the LPI interview published just before he took office, Misraji said the community should devote itself "con determinación a la educación y la hasbará, desde el colegio hasta las universidades" (with determination to education and hasbará, from school to the universities).[33] In March 2025 the CJCh publicly repudiated President Boric's statements on Gaza (see above).[10] A former president, Gabriel Zaliasnik (2006–10), became Kast's ambassador to "Israel" in 2026.[11]
- Gerardo Gorodischer, who appears on the WZO 2025 delegate list under Mercaz Olami, was interviewed as CJCh president during a second term by the Chilean community in "Israel" (Comunidad Chilena de Israel). In that interview he described fighting BDS, including in the universities, as a priority of the CJCh, and referred to work with the Federación de Estudiantes Judíos (FEJ) and with Chile–"Israel" inter-parliamentary committees in the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.[4][35]
- B'nai B'rith: listed by the WJC among the community's organisations.[5]
- Estadio Israelita Maccabi: listed by the WJC as the "Israeli Stadium". The directory of communal partners published by Revista Shalom, using the spelling "Estadio Israelita Maccaby", says it was founded 65 years ago and became "la segunda casa de la comunidad judía de Chile" (the second home of Chile's Jewish community).[5][36]
Youth, education and aliyah
The WJC calls the tradition of Zionist youth movements in Chile "longstanding and intense". It lists Maccabi Hatzair, part of World Maccabi; Tzeirei Ami, the youth movement of the Instituto Hebreo of Santiago and part of Hanoar Hatzioni; Betl-El, affiliated with Noam; the smaller Noam group Tikva; Maguen Hador, the youth movement of the Maimonides School, "part of Akiva"; and Hashomer Hatzair, "the oldest in the country". Maccabi Hatzair also has a group in Viña del Mar. Hanoar Hatzioni holds one of the names on the WZO delegate list.[5][4] The WJC also records a student federation, the Federación de Estudiantes y Jóvenes Judíos (FEJJ).[5]
The Jewish Agency's presence in Chile, including the 2015 revival of a sheliaj at the Instituto Hebreo, is set out under National institutions above.[25][24] Israel.com's compilation of aliyah data gives 50 immigrants from Chile in 2025.[37] Those who settle there do so as settler colonists in occupied Palestine.
Antisemitism organisations
- The CJCh presents itself as the community's political representation and, in March 2025, framed its public dispute with President Boric in terms of antisemitism in Chile (see above).[5][10] In the earlier interview as CJCh president, Gorodischer said the community reacted to and condemned incidents of antisemitism, "anti sionismo", BDS and denialism, and treated BDS as a priority, including in the universities and in parliament.[35]
- No separate national monitoring body, comparable to Hungary's TEV, was found under a current name in this pass.
Israeli state presence
- Embassy of Israel in Santiago, at Alonso de Córdova 5320, Las Condes.[38] Peleg Lewi is ambassador; the embassy last updated his biography on 30 December 2025. He was born in 1968, served as an artillery captain, and has previously been ambassador to Paraguay, consul-general in Guangzhou, deputy chief of mission in Japan, and a consul in Hungary and Colombia.[39] His predecessor, Gil Artzyeli, was the ambassador during the 2024 FIDAE dispute.[9]
- Chile's ambassador in "Israel" from June 2026 is Gabriel Zaliasnik (see above).[11][13]
Religious Zionism and Chabad
World Mizrachi holds one Chilean name on the WZO delegate list, Andres Meyer. Mercaz Olami holds Gerardo Gorodischer.[4] The WJC describes Maguen Hador, the youth movement of the Orthodox Maimonides School, as "part of Akiva".[5]
Chabad Lubavitch of Chile
- Main article: Chabad Lubavitch of Chile
The existing Chabad page covers the movement's institutions and personnel in Chile and is not repeated here.
Synagogue movements and schools
The WJC says that about five per cent of the Jewish community in Santiago is Orthodox, and that the Conservative movement, whose teachers are trained at the Latin American Rabbinical Seminary in Buenos Aires, has grown in influence. There are synagogues in Santiago and in Viña del Mar. Mercaz Olami and Masorti Olami each have a name on the WZO delegate list (Gerardo Gorodischer and Ronit Temple).[5][4]
- The WJC lists three Jewish day schools, all private: the Instituto Hebreo Chaim Weizmann of Santiago, founded in 1930, which "teaches a Conservative approach to Judaism" and is the main Jewish school in the country; the Orthodox Maimonides School; and the Instituto Hebreo Chaim Weizmann of Viña del Mar, also Conservative, which admits Jewish and non-Jewish students. A central education commission, the Vaad Hajinuj, oversees the Hebrew school in Santiago.[5] Revista Shalom describes the Santiago Instituto Hebreo's pillars as "la identidad judía plural sionista" (pluralist Zionist Jewish identity), academic excellence and ethical formation, with Hebrew taught alongside English.[36]
- There are no Jewish universities in Chile, according to the WJC; college and graduate students are organised in the FEJJ.[5]
Leaders
| Name | Position | Source date |
|---|---|---|
| Debbie Guberek | President, Consejo Sionista de Chile, as of August 2025; no later confirmation or successor was found[17] | August 2025 |
| Alfredo Misraji | President, Comunidad Judía de Chile, 2025–2026, from 9 March 2025[32][33][34] | March 2025 / November 2026 |
| Dafne Englander K. | Executive director, CJCh[32] | November 2026 |
| Yael Schiff M. | Communications director, CJCh[32] | November 2026 |
| Gerardo Gorodischer | Former president, CJCh (second term, undated interview labelled eight years old when fetched); Mercaz Olami delegate, 39th Congress[35][4] | interview date not stated / 2025 |
| Gabriel Zaliasnik | President, CJCh, 2006–2010; Chilean ambassador to "Israel" from June 2026[11][13] | June–August 2026 |
| Evelyn Schatloff Glasner | President, WIZO Chile[31] | November 2026 |
| Sandra Gabor Blum | Chairperson, WIZO Chile[31] | November 2026 |
| Peleg Lewi | Israeli ambassador to Chile (biography updated 30 December 2025)[39] | December 2025 |
| Gil Artzyeli | Previous Israeli ambassador to Chile (in post during the March 2024 FIDAE dispute)[9] | March 2024 |
| Yonatan Goren | Sheliaj of the Jewish Agency for Israel in Chile (also Paraguay), as of April 2024; a later confirmation in the communal press was not found[25] | April 2024 |
| Eli Cohen | Representative of the WZO and the Jewish Agency for Argentina and the Southern Cone, from February 2025; described as "sheliaj de la Agencia Judía" at a communal Iom Haatzmaut celebration in Chile, 22 May 2026[27][28] | February 2025 / May 2026 |
The WZO still lists the territorial federation as the Federación Sionista de Chile. Contemporary 2011–13 sources treat the Consejo Chileno Israelí as that federation under a new name. 2025 election coverage names Debbie Guberek as president of the Consejo Sionista de Chile as of August 2025; whether that 2025 name is the same body as the Consejo Chileno Israelí is not stated on a page that was opened.[1][20][21][17][15]
See also
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Chile
- Chabad Lubavitch of Chile
- Zionist Movement Argentina
- Zionist movement Brazil
- Zionist movement Mexico
- Zionist movement Uruguay
- Zionist movement by country
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 World Zionist Organization, "Zionist Federations", accessed 23 October 2026.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 World Zionist Organization, summary of election results and agreements for the 39th Congress (Hebrew), as submitted to the Zionist Court on 9 October 2025, accessed 10 November 2026.
- ↑ World Zionist Organization, summary of election results and agreements for the 38th Congress, 2020 (Hebrew), accessed 25 October 2026.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 World Zionist Organization, "Delegates", 39th Zionist Congress, accessed 10 November 2026.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 World Jewish Congress, "Community in Chile", accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ Sergio DellaPergola, "World Jewish Population, 2023", American Jewish Year Book 2023, Berman Jewish DataBank, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Judíos en Chile: Cuatrocientos años de corrientes migratorias", La Palabra Israelita, 29 May 2026, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (Mexico), "Mexico and Chile refer situation in Palestine to the International Criminal Court (ICC)", 18 January 2024, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Las tensiones diplomáticas entre Chile e Israel tras la decisión de Gabriel Boric de excluir a representantes israelíes de una importante feria aeronáutica" (The diplomatic tensions between Chile and Israel after Gabriel Boric's decision to exclude Israeli representatives from an important air fair), BBC News Mundo, 13 March 2024, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Comunidad Judía de Chile repudia dichos de Boric tras ataques de Israel en Gaza: 'Solo sirven para alimentar el antisemitismo'" (The Jewish Community of Chile repudiates Boric's remarks after Israel's attacks on Gaza: "They only serve to feed antisemitism"), CNN Chile, 19 March 2025, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 "Expresidente de la Comunidad Judía Gabriel Zaliasnik es el nuevo embajador de Chile en Israel" (Former Jewish Community president Gabriel Zaliasnik is the new Chilean ambassador to Israel), Cooperativa, 5 June 2026, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ "Comunidad Palestina rechaza nombramiento de Gabriel Zaliasnik como embajador de Chile en Israel y llama a reconsiderar" (The Palestinian Community rejects the appointment of Gabriel Zaliasnik as Chile's ambassador to Israel and calls for it to be reconsidered), CNN Chile, 5 June 2026, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "Presidente de Israel recibe las cartas credenciales del embajador de Chile, Gabriel Zaliasnik" (The president of Israel receives the credentials of Chile's ambassador, Gabriel Zaliasnik), BioBioChile, 3 August 2026, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ "La importancia de votar en el Congreso Sionista Mundial", La Palabra Israelita, 18 April 2025, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 "Elecciones en Chile para el 39° Congreso Sionista Mundial 2025", Revista Shalom, 7 May 2025, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ "Chile se prepara para tener voz en el Congreso Sionista Mundial 2025", La Palabra Israelita, 30 May 2025, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 "Hoy volvemos a celebrar el sueño que Herzl hizo realidad", La Palabra Israelita, 29 August 2025, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ "El TH4 – la agrupación política sionista que respalda a la 'familia del hanoar hatzioní' – tuvo con notable éxito su 9ª jornada anual de esclarecimiento", Vis a Vis, 19 June 2023, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ "OSM | Rotundo éxito en las 10° Jornadas de Apoyo a Israel de TH4", Itón Gadol, 31 July 2024, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 "Nace el Consejo Chileno Israelí", Comunidad Judía de Chile, 13 December 2011, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 "Organización Sionista Mundial. La Comunidad Judía de Chile: presente y futuro", Itón Gadol, 18 June 2013, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Ana María Tapia-Adler, "La comunidad judía de Chile: una mirada crítica", Cuadernos Judaicos 30, December 2013, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ Consejo Chileno Israelí, home page, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Embassy of Israel in Santiago, "Contáctenos", accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 "Revitalizando la Identidad: La Nueva Era de la Agencia Judía en Chile", Revista Shalom, 29 April 2024, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ "Resiliencia y RCP emocional", Revista Shalom, 4 December 2025, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Designan a Eli Cohen como Representante de la OSM y la Agencia Judía para Argentina y el cono sur", Itón Gadol, 17 February 2025, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 "3.500 personas celebraron Iom Haatzmaut", La Palabra Israelita, 22 May 2026, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ Keren Hayesod Chile, home page, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL Chile, home page, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Women's International Zionist Organization, "Chile", accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 Comunidad Judía de Chile, "Staff", accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 "Alfredo Misraji asume la presidencia de la Comunidad Judía de Chile", La Palabra Israelita, 7 March 2025, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 "Nueva directiva 2025-2026 Alfredo Misraji: Liderazgo y compromiso con la Comunidad Judía de Chile", Diario Judío, 31 March 2025, accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 "Entrevista a Gerardo Gorodischer sobre la nueva etapa para la CJCH" (Interview with Gerardo Gorodischer on the new stage for the CJCh), Comunidad Chilena de Israel, accessed 11 November 2026. The site labels the article as posted eight years before it was fetched.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 Revista Shalom, "Nuestros socios" (Our partners), accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ Israel.com, "Aliyah Statistics 2025: Who Moves to Israel, and Where They Settle" and "aliyah-by-country.csv", accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ Embassy of Israel in Santiago, "Contact us", accessed 11 November 2026.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 Embassy of Israel in Santiago, "The ambassador", last updated 30 December 2025, accessed 11 November 2026.