Zionist movement Austria
The organised Zionist movement in Austria: its federation, national institutions, communal and lobby bodies, youth movements, antisemitism apparatus, the 2020 and 2025 Congress elections, and links to "Israel"
The Zionist movement in Austria is organised through the Zionistische Föderation in Österreich (Zionist Federation in Austria), which the World Zionist Organization (WZO) lists as the "Zionistische Federation in Oesterreich", with the telephone number +431-214-7341, the email addresses office@daleno.at and info@misrachi.at, and the website ichbinzionist.at.[1][2] Its statutes, as published by the WZO, give its name as "Zionistische Föderation in Österreich" and its seat as Vienna.[3] Austria had one mandate at the 39th World Zionist Congress in 2025, as in 2020.[4][5] The World Jewish Congress (WJC) says the Jewish community is represented by the Jewish Communities of Austria (Israelitische Religionsgesellschaft Österreich), its Austrian affiliate, headed by the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien (IKG, Israelite Religious Community of Vienna).[6] Keren Hayesod, KKL-JNF and WIZO each list an Austrian office or federation (see below). Israel.com records 36 immigrants from Austria to "Israel" in 2025.[7] The population figures conflict. Sergio DellaPergola put Austria's core Jewish population at 10,300 (the 24th largest in the world), rising to 14,000 if people with a Jewish parent are counted, 18,000 in an "enlarged" definition and 22,000 for those eligible under the Law of Return, and noted that 450 people emigrated from Austria to "Israel" between 2001 and 2022.[8] The WJC repeats the Institute for Jewish Policy Research estimate of about 10,300 for 2020, and says the IKG recorded about 12,000 Jews in Vienna in 2023, of whom nearly 8,000 are IKG members.[6] The 2025 Congress delegate Michael Uston says the Viennese community "has about 15,000 members".[9]
History
Statutes of the federation
The federation's statutes, in the copy the WZO publishes, say the "Verein" has its seat in Vienna and works across the whole of Austria, with branch associations in the federal states planned. Its stated purpose is to form an umbrella organisation of all or as many Zionist associations as possible in Austria, "ohne Rücksicht auf deren politische Richtung" (regardless of their political direction), in order to exert "richtungsgebende Einflussnahme" (direction-setting influence) on "die Förderung der zionistischen Idee" (the promotion of the Zionist idea). The means listed are organisational and political support for all affiliated Zionist associations; promotion of the Zionist youth movement, "insbesondere der Pionierbewegung" (especially the pioneer movement); cultural work; administration of the funds "Keren Kayemeth Leisrael" (Jewish National Fund) and "Keren Hayessod"; "Organisation der Auswanderung nach Israel" (organising emigration to Israel); and holding the election of representatives of the Austrian Zionist organisations to the Zionist Congress.[3] The last page of the scan states that it is a copy made on 9 November 1967 from an original held at the Vienna municipal department 62, filed under the Sicherheitsdirektion (security directorate) reference SD/5628/49 of 3 April 1949; the WZO publishes it as the federation's constitution for the 39th Congress.[3][2]
2020 World Zionist Congress election
Austria had one mandate in 2020, and the WZO's results table for the 38th Congress records it as a Mizrachi seat.[5] The Zionist Supreme Court's ruling in File 018/2020, handed down on 1 October 2020 by Miriam Naor (president), Steve Adler and Daniela Wexler, set out the court's table of "deficiencies in the election process" by electoral area. For Austria it records that an Area Elections Committee was established and an election method determined, but that there was no register of voters, no candidate list and no vote; the results were published and an election report was submitted, and the WZO's attorney-general told the hearing on 24 September 2020 that the delegates should be confirmed.[10] The court noted that every federation in that table had submitted a "100% agreement" rather than holding a poll, and warned that such an agreement may not replace a vote unless the preconditions in the election rules are met. It disqualified only the delegates of Greece, Guatemala and Sweden, and Austria's delegate was not removed.[10]
2025 World Zionist Congress election
The WZO's Austria page for the 39th Congress links an "Area Elections Committee" email address (office@ichbinzionist.at), the federation's statutes and an "Election Results" document.[2] That document is a report dated 15 July 2025 and signed by Rami Laor and Shlomi Ashkenazi, headed "Election Report: Zionist Federation of Austria 2025". It says voting was online from 1 to 14 July 2025 in two waves (1–4 July and 10–14 July), using a one-time token sent to each voter's registered email address and valid for five minutes, and that the final registration list valid for voting was 1,277 people. By IP address, 849 of the 982 votes came from Austria and the rest from 26 other countries, led by "Israel" (30), the United States (20), Italy (17) and Germany (13). It reports that "Likud and Misrachi" received 551 votes and "Hashomer Hatzair/Arzenu" 431, a total of 982.[11] (The report's country table adds up to 983 votes against its stated total of 982.)
The WZO's results table gives Austria one mandate, held by Likud (World Likud, "Likud Olami"),[4] and its delegates list names two people under Austria:[12]
| Name | World union or faction (WZO listing) |
|---|---|
| Michael Uston (Ustoniyazov) | World Likud (including ZOA and the Likud party) |
| Jamie Meschoulam | B'nai B'rith |
The Bukharian Times introduces Uston as "the sole delegate from Austria" and says he became a delegate "from the Likud party"; he names his priorities as "strengthening ties with Israel, providing objective information about its situation, fighting antisemitism and assimilation" and youth education.[9] The WZO's results table gives the federation one mandate, so the second name is not a federation delegate. The WZO's listing does not say through which body Meschoulam sits; the Spanish-language Jewish magazine Enfoque Judío says the Congress also seats delegates who "are not elected in elections" but represent international Jewish organisations, naming B'nai B'rith, Emunah, WIZO, Hadassah and Maccabi among them.[13]
The losing list was labelled "Hashomer Hatzair/Arzenu" in the report and received 431 votes; Austria's single seat went to the winning list.[11] See Hashomer Hatzair and Arzenu.
National institutions
| National institution | Austrian affiliate or presence |
|---|---|
| World Zionist Organization | Zionistische Föderation in Österreich; see above. The WZO's listing gives the two email domains daleno.at and misrachi.at, and the 2025 election report was signed by Rami Laor and Shlomi Ashkenazi.[2][11] |
| Jewish Agency for Israel | The Jewish Agency runs a German-language site for "Deutschland und Österreich" (Germany and Austria).[14] Israel.com says it runs aliyah from Austria "through its regional office and the Israeli consulate".[15] |
| Keren Hayesod | Keren Hayesod – United Israel Appeal lists its Austrian affiliate in Vienna, with Rafi Heumann as the contact.[16] |
| Jewish National Fund | KKL-JNF Austria (KKL-JNF Österreich, Jüdischer Nationalfonds in Österreich), telephone 01 513 86 11, email info@kklwien.at.[17][18] It says the Austrian organisation "besteht seit mehr als 100 Jahren" (has existed for more than 100 years).[19] See the project list under the aliyah heading below. |
| Women's International Zionist Organization | WIZO Austria, founded in 1921 and revived in 1946; World WIZO says it was "until WWII the strongest federation in Europe" and lists its president as Dr Yana Hauptmann and a chairperson, Caroline Shklarek-Zelman. Its projects include a day care centre and the Maya Rosenberg vocational school in Rehovot, a library and physiotherapy facilities at the Parents' Home in "Tel Aviv-Yafo", and a day care centre in Modiin.[20] Its own site describes WIZO as supporting people in need in "Israel" "unabhängig von Herkunft oder Religion" (regardless of origin or religion) and says it contributes to "Friedensarbeit" (peace work).[21] |
Major Zionist and Jewish communal organisations
- Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien (IKG): the Vienna community, and head of the umbrella Israelite Religious Society. Its president is Oskar Deutsch and its secretary-general Benjamin Nägele; the WJC lists both.[6] The WJC says the 1890 Israelite Act, last amended in 2012, enshrines the "unitary community" principle under which the community is the single point of contact for public authorities, that this body was "instrumental in securing" the 2021 Austrian-Jewish Cultural Heritage Act, and that the five Jewish communities are Vienna, Linz, Salzburg, Tyrol and Vorarlberg, and Graz.[6] The IKG runs the Zwi Perez Chajes school, which its Hebrew-language page says combines general education with "Jewish-Zionist education" (חינוך יהודי־ציוני) and Hebrew, and lists the youth groups named below.[22] It also runs the antisemitism reporting office described below.
- Austrian-Israeli Society (Österreichisch-Israelische Gesellschaft, ÖIG): says it "ausdrücklich" (expressly) welcomes "das Bestehen des Staates Israel" (the existence of the State of Israel) and works actively for it, and that Israel's "Existenzrecht" (right to exist) as a Jewish state is "eine Staatsraison Österreichs" (a raison d'état of Austria). It commits to "entschieden zu bekämpfen" (fight decisively) "jede Form von Antisemitismus und Antizionismus" (every form of antisemitism and anti-Zionism).[23] Its board elected on 9 September 2025 has Prof. Dr Rudolf Taschner as first president, Peter Florianschütz as second president and Tobias Hübner-Weninger as general secretary.[24]
- Bukharian community "Yachad": Uston says the Bukharian community in Vienna adopted this name at its 50th-anniversary celebration, that his father Shlomo Ustoniyazov is its president and that it has seven synagogues but "one recognized president and one board".[9]
- B'nai B'rith and the independent Sephardi Federation, the Caucasian Jewish Center and the sports club S.C. Hakoah are named by the WJC as other Viennese bodies, alongside "a local Zionist Federation".[6]
Youth, education and aliyah
The IKG's Hebrew-language youth page lists the Jewish youth movements and organisations in Vienna as Bnei Akiva, Hashomer Hatzair, Club Chai, the Jewish students' union, Jad Bejad and BBYO.[22]
- Bnei Akiva Austria: World Bnei Akiva says it was founded in Vienna before the Second World War, shut down during the Shoah and re-opened afterwards. It says the Vienna branch has about 60 members aged 5–18 and meets in a Jewish community building that also houses the Jewish Museum and the Mizrachi community, and that its contact person is Sari Mayer, with emissaries (shlichim) Ishai and Yael Mayer in Vienna. Its undated page names Rabbi Eisenberg, a former "Rosh Snif" (branch head), as "now the Chief Rabbi of Austria".[25] A link on the IKG's own news page refers instead to a farewell interview with "Oberrabbiner Engelmayer".[26]
- Hashomer Hatzair Austria: describes itself as a "sozialistisch, zionistische und jüdische Jugendorganisation" opened in Vienna in 1913, for children and young people aged 7 to 15, meeting on Saturdays.[27] A list labelled "Hashomer Hatzair/Arzenu" took 431 votes in the 2025 election (see above).[11]
- Jüdische österreichische Hochschüler:innen (JÖH, Jewish Austrian Students' Union): the WJC says it is affiliated with the European Union of Jewish Students.[6]
Israel.com's compilation of aliyah data gives 388 immigrants from Austria between 2015 and 2025: 60 (2015), 45 (2016), 32 (2017), 21 (2018), 33 (2019), 18 (2020), 30 (2021), 40 (2022), 19 (2023), 54 (2024) and 36 (2025).[7] It says 80 of them registered in "Tel Aviv-Yafo", ahead of "Jerusalem", "Herzliya" and "Netanya", and that the ministry's records do not show where they live now.[15] The figures conflict with DellaPergola's, which give 40 in 2021 and 33 in 2022.[8] Those who settle there do so as settler colonists in occupied Palestine.
KKL-JNF Austria describes the Jewish National Fund, founded in Basel in 1901, as having contributed to "den Aufbau der jüdischen Heimat" (the building of the Jewish homeland) and "des modernen Staates Israel", and says the Austrian organisation supports communities in "Israel"'s geographical and social periphery.[28] Its site lists these current projects:[29]
- KKL-JNF Houses of Excellence, including one in Kiryat Shmona, for young people in peripheral regions.[30][31]
- A salmon-farming project at Kibbutz Sde Eliyahu in the Emek HaMa'ayanot district.[32]
- Protected music rooms at Keshet Eilon in northern "Israel".[33]
- A water-technology pilot in orchards at Kibbutz Kinneret, run by the Kinneret Innovation Center.[34]
- Agritech innovation at Lake Kinneret: the page says farming "im Jordantal und in Nordisrael" (in the Jordan Valley and northern Israel) is under pressure and names the Kinneret Innovation Center and the company agRE.tech. The page does not say which part of the Jordan Valley it means; the Jordan Valley includes land in the occupied West Bank, so it is not clear whether any of the work is in the occupied territory.[35]
- The Swiss community forest at Tiberias.[36]
- Reforestation and a gathering area at the Birya forest and fortress in Upper Galilee.[37]
- A regional emergency and response centre in Sderot, built with United Hatzalah, and a memorial "Weg der Heldinnen" (Path of Heroines) in Ofakim Park, both in southern "Israel".[38][39]
- A climate-controlled greenhouse project in the northern Negev.[40]
- Forest monitoring through KKL-JNF's long-term ecological research programme, with sites from the Negev edge "bis zu den bewaldeten Hügeln rund um Jerusalem" (to the wooded hills around Jerusalem). The page does not locate these sites, so it is not known whether any is in occupied East Jerusalem or the occupied West Bank.[41]
Antisemitism organisations
- Antisemitismus-Meldestelle of the IKG: the reporting office run by the IKG counts only reports that, after expert review, are "eindeutig antisemitisch" (clearly antisemitic) under the IHRA working definition, and says its figures are not a full picture of antisemitism in Austria.[42] It recorded 1,147 incidents in 2023, 1,520 in 2024 (a rise of 32.5%) and 1,532 in 2025, the highest since records began; 671 were recorded from January to June 2026, 7.6% fewer than in the same period of 2025, although physical attacks and threats rose from 13 to 30.[42] The 2025 total is made up of 19 physical attacks, 27 threats, 205 cases of property damage, 439 mass mailings and 842 cases of "verletzendes Verhalten" (hurtful behaviour). The IKG classified 1,186 of the 1,532 incidents (77.4%) as "israelbezogener Antisemitismus" (Israel-related antisemitism), against 21% in 2020. It says that 499 of those cases were also "Schoa-Relativierung/-Leugnung" (Shoah relativisation or denial), which it describes as a discourse that trivialises the Shoah "indem das Vorgehen Israels mit dem Nationalsozialismus gleichgesetzt wird" (by equating Israel's conduct with National Socialism). Presenting the report on 23 April 2026, IKG president Oskar Deutsch said the community spends more than €5 million a year on security.[26]
- Federal Chancellery: the Austrian state's national strategy against antisemitism was updated as "NAS 2.0", presented on 10 November 2025 with 49 measures under eight pillars. Implementation sits with department IV/12 of the Federal Chancellery, and the state secretary for the fight against antisemitism is Alexander Pröll. The Chancellery's page quotes Oskar Deutsch and says Austria supports the IHRA working definition.[43] The WJC says the 2021 Austrian-Jewish Cultural Heritage Act is "regarded as one of the key elements" in the National Strategy against Antisemitism proposed by the ruling coalition.[6]
- The Austrian-Israeli Society also lists the fight against antisemitism and anti-Zionism among its aims (see above).[23]
Israeli state presence
- Embassy of Israel in Vienna, Anton-Frank-Gasse 20, 1180 Vienna.[6] Ambassador David Roet, who is also Permanent Representative to the UN, the OSCE and other international organisations in Vienna, "commenced his tenure" on 29 September 2023, according to the embassy's page last updated on 1 August 2024.[44] The Austrian Foreign Ministry's precedence list, "as of 13 November 2026", gives the date 21 November 2023 beside his name; the list does not say whether this is his date of accreditation.[45] The embassy's site also carries a page on "Israel-Austrian Bilateral Relations since 1949".[46]
Religious Zionism and Chabad
- Mizrachi: the WZO's contact address for the federation uses the domain misrachi.at, and World Bnei Akiva says the Vienna branch shares a building with "the Misrachi community", whose president it names as "Mr. Gang".[2][25] Mizrachi held Austria's seat in 2020.[5]
Chabad Lubavitch of Austria
- Main article: Chabad Lubavitch of Austria
Chabad-Lubavitch's world headquarters lists 19 Chabad institutions in Austria: 16 in Vienna, two in Salzburg and one in Zankwarn.[47] Its Vienna listing gives Rabbi Jacob Biderman as the contact for the Lauder Chabad Campus,[48] and the Jewish Telegraphic Agency called him in 2007 "chairman of the extensive Chabad organization in Austria".[49] The WJC says the Ronald S. Lauder Foundation runs nurseries, primary and secondary schools in Vienna, with a religious school on the Lauder Chabad campus.[6]
Synagogue movements and schools
The WJC says there are four Jewish kindergartens and four day schools in Austria, and that the University of Vienna has an institute for Jewish studies.[6] It also says a reform-liberal Jewish community exists that is not part of the unitary community.[6]
- Or Chadasch: founded in 1990, it describes itself as the only progressive Jewish community in Austria and a member of the European Union for Progressive Judaism and the World Union for Progressive Judaism.[50]
- The Zwi Perez Chajes school of the IKG: see above.[22]
Leaders
| Name | Position | Source date |
|---|---|---|
| Michael Uston (Ustoniyazov) | 39th Congress delegate for Austria, World Likud[12][9] | 2025 |
| Jamie Meschoulam | Listed under Austria, B'nai B'rith[12] | 2025 |
| Rami Laor and Shlomi Ashkenazi | Signatories of the federation's 2025 election report[11] | 15 July 2025 |
| Oskar Deutsch | President, Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien[6][26] | April 2026 |
| Benjamin Nägele | Secretary-general, IKG[6][26] | April 2026 |
| Johannan Edelman | Head of the Antisemitismus-Meldestelle[26] | April 2026 |
| Yana Hauptmann | President, WIZO Austria[20] | November 2026 |
| Caroline Shklarek-Zelman | Chairperson, WIZO Austria (World WIZO page)[20] | November 2026 |
| Rafi Heumann | Contact, Keren Hayesod Austria[16] | November 2026 |
| Rudolf Taschner | First president, Austrian-Israeli Society[24] | September 2025 |
| Peter Florianschütz | Second president, Austrian-Israeli Society[24] | September 2025 |
| Shlomo Ustoniyazov | President, Bukharian community "Yachad"[9] | 2025 |
| Sari Mayer | World Bnei Akiva contact person for Austria[25] | November 2026 |
| Alexander Pröll | State secretary for the fight against antisemitism[43] | November 2025 |
| David Roet | Israeli ambassador to Austria[44] | August 2024 |
See also
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Austria
- Chabad Lubavitch of Austria
- Austrian-Israeli Society
- Zionist movement Germany
- Zionist movement Switzerland
- Zionist movement by country
Notes
- ↑ World Zionist Organization, "Zionist Federations", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 World Zionist Organization, "Austria", 39th Zionist Congress, accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 World Zionist Organization, "Statutes of the Zionistische Föderation in Österreich" (German, 11 pages, scanned typescript), accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 World Zionist Organization, "Summary of election results and agreements for the 39th Congress" (Hebrew), as submitted to the Zionist Court on 9 October 2025, accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 World Zionist Organization, "Summary of election results and agreements for the 38th Congress, 2020" (Hebrew), accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 World Jewish Congress, "Community in Austria", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Israel.com, "aliyah-by-country.csv", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Sergio DellaPergola, "World Jewish Population, 2023", American Jewish Year Book 2023, accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Leonid Elizarov, "World Zionist Congress" (interview with Michael Uston, translated from Russian), The Bukharian Times, 2025, accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Zionist Supreme Court, "Ruling in File 018/2020" on the federations' elections to the 38th Congress, 1 October 2020, accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Zionist Federation of Austria, "Election Report: Zionist Federation of Austria 2025", 15 July 2025, published by the World Zionist Organization, accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 World Zionist Organization, "Delegates", 39th Zionist Congress, accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ Enfoque Judío, "El Congreso Sionista más grande de la historia: 2.500 delegados definen en Jerusalén el futuro del pueblo judío", 28 October 2025, accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ The Jewish Agency for Israel, "Jewish Agency for Israel – Deutschland und Österreich", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Israel.com, "Aliyah from Austria: Numbers and Process", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Keren Hayesod – United Israel Appeal, "Austria", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF Österreich, "KKL-JNF Österreich", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF, "Contact your local office", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF Österreich, "Geschichte", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Women's International Zionist Organization, "Austria", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ WIZO Österreich, "WIZO Österreich", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien, "Offers for children and youth" (Hebrew), accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Österreichisch-Israelische Gesellschaft, "Leitbild", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Österreichisch-Israelische Gesellschaft, "Wer wir sind", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 World Bnei Akiva, "Austria", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien, "1.532 antisemitische Vorfälle im Jahr 2025 – neuer Höchststand", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ Hashomer Hatzair in Österreich, "Hashomer Hatzair Österreich", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF Österreich, "Über uns", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF Österreich, "Projekte", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF Österreich, "KKL-JNF Houses of Excellence", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF Österreich, "KKL-JNF House of Excellence Kiryat Shmona", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF Österreich, "Innovatives Lachsprojekt im Norden", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF Österreich, "Keshet Eilon – Musik braucht Schutzräume", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF Österreich, "KIC – Challenge Watertech", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF Österreich, "Agritech-Innovation am See Genezareth", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF Österreich, "Der Schweizer Gemeinschafts-Wald in Tiberias", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF Österreich, "Wiederaufforstung Birya-Wald", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF Österreich, "Regionales Notfall- und Einsatzzentrum Sderot", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF Österreich, "Ofakim – Der Weg der Heldinnen", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF Österreich, "Technologisches Gewächshaus im nördlichen Negev", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ KKL-JNF Österreich, "Wälder-Überwachung mit Remote Sensing", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien, "Berichte", Antisemitismus-Meldestelle, accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 Bundeskanzleramt, "Kampf gegen Antisemitismus", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 Embassy of Israel in Austria, "The ambassador", last updated 1 August 2024, accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ Bundesministerium für europäische und internationale Angelegenheiten, "Priority Rank List", as of 13 November 2026, accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ Embassy of Israel in Austria, "The Embassy", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ Chabad Lubavitch World Headquarters, "Austria – Centers", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ Chabad Lubavitch World Headquarters, "Vienna – Centers", accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ Jewish Telegraphic Agency, "Chabad opens Vienna center", 19 February 2007, accessed 13 November 2026.
- ↑ Or Chadasch, "Über uns", accessed 13 November 2026.