Haredi and Hasidic groups in the US
Haredi and Hasidic groups in the US: population, Hasidic courts, the Litvish yeshiva world, Agudath Israel of America, the Satmar anti-Zionist camp, Chabad-Lubavitch and community political structures
Haredi Orthodoxy in the US includes the Hasidic courts, the non-Hasidic Lithuanian (Litvish) yeshiva world that grew out of the Misnagdim, and Chabad-Lubavitch. According to the YIVO Encyclopedia, "Particularly in the United States, where the Jewish community is predominantly secular, Hasidim and Misnagdim feel equally besieged by the assimilatory pressures of modernity. Intermarriage between the two groups has become common, and numerous Hasidim attend Misnagdic yeshivas."[1]
The groups differ in their organisation and in their attitude to Zionism and the state of "Israel". Satmar, which The New York Times calls "America's largest" Hasidic group, rejects the state on religious grounds;[2] Agudath Israel of America, which the same newspaper describes as "an umbrella organization for Hasidic and other ultra-Orthodox groups",[2] is described by the YIVO Encyclopedia as "the lobbying group for non-Zionist Orthodoxy";[3] and the fringe Neturei Karta campaigns alongside pro-Palestinian groups, which Satmar leaders have repeatedly condemned (see below).
Population
The Pew Research Center's 2020 survey of Jewish Americans found that 9% of Jewish adults identified as Orthodox (10% in 2013), rising to 17% of those aged 18–29, among whom 11% were Haredi, against 1% of those aged 65 and over. Pew said its sample did not allow separate analysis of Hasidic, Yeshivish and Modern Orthodox subgroups.[4] Nishma Research, assuming a US Orthodox population of 900,000 (12% of 7.5 million Jews), estimated in January 2025 that 610,000 (68%) were Haredi – 365,000 Hasidic and 245,000 Yeshivish – and 290,000 Modern Orthodox.[5]
New York is the main centre. UJA-Federation of New York's 2023 study counted about 152,000 Haredi adults and 171,000 children in Haredi households in its eight-county area – 14% of Jewish adults but 43% of Jewish children – with 9% of Jewish adults Hasidic, 4% Yeshivish and 2% Chabad. It found Haredim concentrated in Brooklyn and "less attached to Israel than their non-Haredi Orthodox peers".[6] The Jewish Telegraphic Agency summarised the study as showing that New York City's Jewish population is almost a third Haredi, more than 300,000 people.[7]
Hasidim and Misnagdim
Misnagdim (also Mitnagdim, Hebrew for "opponents") is the common name for the rabbinical opposition to the Hasidic movement, dominated by Lithuanian Jews. The term was first used in Hasidic writings from the 1770s, and over time "became almost synonymous with Lithuanian Jewry".[1] The first communal opposition came from the Jewish community of Shklov in Belorussia in the winter of 1772, and the Vilna Gaon, Eliyahu ben Shelomoh Zalman, is generally held to have rallied the leading communities of Lithuania and Belorussia against Hasidism through bans of excommunication. Hasidic leaders denounced to the tsarist authorities and jailed included Shneur Zalman of Liadi, founder of Chabad, and Asher Perlov of the Karlin-Stolin dynasty. The death of the Gaon in 1797 and the tsarist government's legalisation of Hasidic prayer houses in 1804 ended Misnagdic hopes of destroying Hasidism. Hostility lessened over the nineteenth century as both groups confronted the Enlightenment, assimilation and religious reform.[1] See also Hasidic dynasties.
Lithuanian yeshiva world
- Main article: Litvish groups in the US
Ḥayim ben Yitsḥak established the first Misnagdic yeshiva at Volozhin in 1802, and it gave rise to a network of yeshivas in Lithuania, in towns such as Mir, Telz, Slobodka, Ponevezh and Kamenets. According to the YIVO Encyclopedia, "Though destroyed by the Nazis, most of the great Lithuanian yeshivas were reestablished after the war, in both Israel and America, bearing their original East European names". The yeshiva, with its dean (rosh yeshivah) as supreme religious authority, "stands at the very center of Misnagdic religious life", in a role close to that of the rebbe's court in Hasidic life.[1]
In the US the main institutions include Beth Medrash Govoha in Lakewood, New Jersey, founded by Aaron Kotler in 1943 and described by NJ.com in 2017 as "America's largest yeshiva", with more than 6,500 students;[8] Yeshiva Torah Vodaath and the Mirrer Yeshiva in Brooklyn; and Ner Israel in Baltimore. Torah Umesorah, founded in 1944 by Torah Vodaath's principal Shraga Feivel Mendlowitz, is a national society for Orthodox Hebrew day schools.[9] Tablet reported in 2013 that Lakewood's Orthodox population was about 55,000, 59% of the town, and that the Lakewood Vaad issues endorsements and delivers a "bloc of votes".[10]
Hasidic dynasties and courts
The 2001 census of US synagogues counted 542 independent Orthodox synagogues, "both Hasidic and non-Hasidic", and named the Hasidic groups among them as Satmar, Ger, Bobov, Vishnitz, Bratslav, Skver and Boston.[11]
The PBS documentary site A Life Apart: Hasidism in America says that about 60 Hasidic courts were transplanted to New York after the Second World War, of which 12 became the principal ones. Satmar and Klausenburg settled in Williamsburg, where in 1951 a Lee Avenue cinema became the Klausenburger rebbe's residence and study house; Lubavitch settled in Crown Heights; Bobov began in Crown Heights and moved to Borough Park in 1966–67; and Borough Park is also home to Munkacs, Ger, Belz and Stolin.[12] The same site estimated about 165,000 Hasidim in the New York area.[13]
Jerome Mintz's Hasidic People (1992) describes Joel Teitelbaum's Satmar court in Williamsburg "along with courts of twenty to a hundred families each from Klausenberg, Pupa, Tselemer, Skvera, Vizhnitz, Stolin-Karlin, Viener, Belz, Spinka, Munkacs, and Breslov, among others".[14] New World Hasidim (1995) lists "the Bobover, Stoliner, Bostoner (of New York), Blueshover, Munkaczer, Kapishnitzer, Novominsker, and Skolyer" among the rebbes who built their courts in Borough Park.[15]
Marcin Wodziński's Historical Atlas of Hasidism (2018) gives worldwide household numbers for the main courts; these are shown in the table below with each court's main US centre and, where a source states it, its leader and its position on the state of "Israel".[16]
| Court | Main US centre(s) | Leader named in sources | Households worldwide (Wodziński) | Position on Zionism and the state | Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Satmar | Williamsburg, Brooklyn; Kiryas Joel, New York[17] | Zalman Teitelbaum (Williamsburg); Aaron Teitelbaum (Kiryas Joel)[18] | 26,000[16] | New York magazine: "fervent anti-Zionists who believe that to create a Jewish state before the Messiah comes courts God's wrath"[17] | Satmar (Hasidic dynasty), Satmar non profits in the US |
| Bobov | Borough Park, Brooklyn[19] | Naftali Halberstam (rebbe 2000–05); a breakaway court, Bobov-45, formed after his death[19] | 4,500 (including Bobov-45)[16] | – | Bobov (Hasidic dynasty), Bobov non profits in the US |
| Vizhnitz (American branch) | Kaser, Rockland County, New York; also Williamsburg[2] | Mordechai Hager (died 2018)[2] | 10,500[16] | The New York Times: Hager believed "Israel should have never been created as a state until the arrival of the Messiah", but "recognized that the state was a practical reality and honored those ultra-Orthodox legislators who took part in the Israeli government", which "often put him at odds with the Satmar Hasidim"[2] | Vizhnitz (Hasidic dynasty), Vishnitz/Wiznitz non profits in the US |
| Skver | New Square, Rockland County, New York[20] | David Twersky[20] | 3,300[16] | – | Skver (Hasidic dynasty), Skver non profits in the US |
| Ger | Borough Park[12] | rebbe based in "Israel"; attended the opening of the Gur cheder in Borough Park, June 2025[21] | 11,600[16] | – | Ger (Hasidic dynasty), Ger/Gur non profits in the US |
| Belz | Borough Park[12] | the rebbe's son, Aharon Mordechai Rokeach, led a Belz gathering in Borough Park in March 2025[22] | 7,000[16] | Bacon (YIVO): the rebbes of Belz and Munkacs were among the "more extreme Orthodox elements" that "denounced the very founding" of Agudas Yisroel[3] | Belz (Hasidic dynasty), Belz non profits in the US |
| Karlin-Stolin | Borough Park[12][15] | rebbe travelled from "Israel" in November 2024 for the foundation-stone ceremony of a new Karlin-Stolin synagogue on 16th Avenue, Borough Park[23] | 2,200[16] | – | Karlin-Stolin (Hasidic dynasty), Karlin-Stolin non profits in the US |
| Munkacs | Borough Park[12] | – | – | see Belz[3] | – |
| Sanz-Klausenburg | Williamsburg (from 1951)[12] | – | 3,800[16] | – | Sanz non profits in the US |
| Breslov | among the Williamsburg courts described by Mintz[14] | – | 7,000[16] | – | Breslov (Hasidic dynasty) |
| Pupa | Williamsburg[14][24] | Joseph (Yosef) Grunwald (died 1984), head of the Pupa movement and president of the "Rabbinical Congress of the United States and Canada"; his son Jacob was expected to succeed him[24] | – | – | – |
| Spinka | Williamsburg[14][25] | Yosef Meir Horowitz, rebbe of the Beis Shmiel Tzvi branch in Williamsburg, died in August 2026[25] | – | – | – |
| Boston | Boston (from 1916), later Brookline, Massachusetts, and Borough Park[15][26] | Pinchas David Horowitz established "the first 'American' Hasidic court in Boston in 1916";[15] after Levi Yitzchok Horowitz died in 2009 his three sons became rebbes in New York, Jerusalem and Boston/Brookline[26] | – | Levi Yitzchok Horowitz was described in a 2005 political advertisement in The Jewish Chronicle as a "member of Council of Torah Sages"[27] | – |
| Chabad-Lubavitch | Crown Heights, Brooklyn[12] | Menachem Mendel Schneerson (died 1994) | 16,800[16] | New York magazine contrasted Lubavitchers, as "Zionists", with Satmar;[17] Schneerson ruled against giving up territory "even in exchange for peace"[28] | Chabad-Lubavitch movement, Chabad/Lubavitch non profits in the US |
IRS data on Haredi groups
The Internal Revenue Service of the US registers all non profit groups and provides a searchable database of registered groups.[29] Below are results for various search terms:
- 'Chasidei' non profits in the US
- Belz non profits in the US - 62
- Bobov non profits in the US - 40
- Ger/Gur non profits in the US
- Karlin-Stolin non profits in the US - 12
- Sanz non profits in the US
- Satmar non profits in the US - 61
- Skver non profits in the US - 15
- Vishnitz/Wiznitz non profits in the US - 10
- Chabad/Lubavitch non profits in the US - 1,313
Satmar and the anti-Zionist camp
Satmar is anti-Zionist. In 2017 the Jewish Telegraphic Agency reported that a rally of 15,000 to 20,000 people in Brooklyn was mostly made up of members of "the Satmar Hasidic sect, whose Central Rabbinical Congress of the USA and Canada organized the rally", and that "The Hasidic sect believes a state of Israel should not exist until the Messiah comes."[30]
New York magazine reported in 2006 that Satmar had about 120,000 members and institutions worth over $500 million, and that Joel Teitelbaum had arrived in New York in 1946. In 1999 his successor Moses Teitelbaum gave his son Aaron Kiryas Joel and his son Zalmen Williamsburg; after Moses's death in April 2006 the community's rabbinical court declared Zalmen grand rebbe, and followers came to call themselves "Zalis" or "Aaronis".[17] The two factions joined forces for a rally at Foley Square in Manhattan in June 2013 against conscripting Haredim into the army in "Israel"; the Rabbinical Council of America condemned it as an "anti-Israel rally".[31] The Forward reported that organisers put attendance at 30,000 and other reports at 20,000, that organisers framed the rally as a "freedom of religion" protest, that speakers asked the crowd to put away anti-"Israel" signs and that protesters removed anti-Zionist placards at least three times.[32]
Aviezer Ravitzky places Neturei Karta, the Satmar Hasidim and the Edah Haredit of Jerusalem together as holders of the "radical anti-Zionist position". He describes "a split within the Neturei Karta itself" and writes of "the most militant faction": "It is this faction that expresses affinity for the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and that refuses to participate in demonstrations that have police permits".[33]
Why Satmar does not march with pro-Palestinian groups. Shaul Magid's annotated translation of Joel Teitelbaum's Vayoel Moshe and Al Ha-Geulah ve-al Ha-Temurah (2026) presents Teitelbaum's anti-Zionism as a "political theology" built on the Talmud's "three oaths", under which Jews are not to go up to the land en masse; Magid writes that Teitelbaum "believed that the true messianic work was the passive acceptance of exile", and that he "does not advocate actively trying to destroy Zionism ... but only disavowing it completely". In Magid's reading, Teitelbaum held that "The role of the Jew in exile is to act as Jacob acted toward Esau, to placate at all costs in order to avoid conflict", and blamed the Zionists for "arousing the evil nations" against the Jews; Magid calls the triangulation of gentiles (including the Arabs), Zionists and anti-Zionist religious Jews "a centerpiece of Teitelbaum's thinking". Magid also notes "an important disagreement" between Teitelbaum and his community and Neturei Karta, which "often engage in protests, sometimes violent, against the state" and "engage in deliberations with the Palestine Liberation Organization and Arab enemies of Israel such as Iran. Teitelbaum came out strongly against this."[34] In December 2023 a social-media account linked to the Aaroni faction stated: "Our anti-Zionist stance is deeply rooted in religious beliefs, and is fundamentally distinct from political anti-Zionism ... and is clearly not a political tool to cover for antisemitic Jew-haters"; Aaron Teitelbaum said in a speech that "The very foundation of the state of Israel is against God and his holy Torah" and "We pray for our Jewish brethren in the Holy Land, but not for the success of the Zionist state."[35] The Jerusalem Post described Satmar's "preference for avoiding public political activism, in contrast to Neturei Karta's active opposition to the state of Israel".[36]
Condemnations of Neturei Karta. Neturei Karta's contacts with the PLO were reported decades earlier: in 1980 The Jewish Chronicle quoted its leader Rabbi Moshe Hirsch as saying the group "would accept any rule, even that of the PLO, which would assure us of our rights to live and live as Jews",[37] and in 1991 reported that when Hirsch arrived in London "one of the first visitors to wish him well was head of the PLO delegation in Britain, Mr Afif Safieh".[38] In April 2002, Israel National News reported a statement by an umbrella body of Satmar, Bobov, Belz, Vizhnitz, Munkacs, Kiryas Joel and other communities condemning a "small group of individuals [known generally as Neturei Karta]" for joining a rally in Washington, complaining that their "depiction in the local and international media in religious garb and prayer shawls marching arm-in-arm with Palestinian Jew-haters" had "besmirched the reputations" of Haredi and Hasidic Jews, and saying they had been "ejected decades ago from our synagogues and communities".[39] In December 2006, after Neturei Karta members attended Iran's Holocaust conference in Tehran under the banner "Jews United Against Zionism", the Satmar leaders of Congregation Yetev Lev in Brooklyn called them "reckless outcasts" whose position was "contrary to the teachings of our venerated Grand Rabbi Joel Teitelbaum"; the Kiryas Joel community also condemned the visit.[40] The Jewish Chronicle reported that the Satmar leaders "took the unusual step of issuing a press release to denounce Neturei Karta",[41] and that Rabbi Hertz Frankel, "of the international Satmar Chasidic movement in Brooklyn", called the paper to complain that the Neturei Karta rabbis' appearance was "painting all those who dressed in similar garb with the same brush": "Whatever the Satmars' view of Israel, he said, they would never line up publicly with Israel's enemies."[42] Ynet reported that the Satmar court's placard denounced "those committing insane acts to walk hand in hand with the Arabs" and ordered that the participants be shunned.[43] On 12 November 2023, after Neturei Karta members joined pro-Palestinian protests in New York and met Fatah and Islamic Jihad figures in Jenin, Zalman Teitelbaum said: "They are walking around the world together with the Arabs, with those who shout without any shame and support the murders, they walk with them in broad daylight with the Shtreimel and the chasidic clothes ... This is a terrible desecration of the name of heaven, to strengthen murderers in the name of the Holy Torah and in the name of heaven."[44]
Palestinian flags. The sources found for this page identify Neturei Karta as the organised Haredi anti-Zionist group that marches with pro-Palestinian groups and displays Palestinian flags or colours. The Forward reported in November 2023 that Neturei Karta "has been taking part in pro-Palestinian rallies and marches for decades",[45] and the Brooklyn Eagle reported members at Brooklyn Borough Hall in January 2024 "Wearing scarves bearing the colors of the Palestinian flag".[46] An AFP photograph from a Nakba Day protest in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, on 10 May 2025 is captioned as showing demonstrators "with the group Neturei Karta" marching "with Palestinian flags".[47] One exception reported by name is Yehonatan Ovadia, a Satmar Hasid from Rockland County: The New York Times reported in September 2026 that he "appeared to belong to a smaller grouping of politically active Satmars who not only oppose Israel, but have aligned themselves with the Palestinian cause", and that he "frequently attended anti-Israel marches with other Satmar Jews ... and often flew the Palestinian flag".[48] The mass rallies organised by the Satmar-led Central Rabbinical Congress, such as those of 2013 and 2017, were against Haredi conscription in "Israel"; the reports of them cited here do not mention Palestinian flags.[31][32][30]
Other organised anti-Zionist bodies include True Torah Jews, which described itself in 2015 as "an Orthodox group representing the views of over 200,000 Jews living in communities in New York and other cities".[49] The Jerusalem Post reported that in 2015 the organised Satmar community raised money for a True Torah Jews advertising campaign in Arabic-language and Palestinian media, intended to make clear its opposition to Zionism and that Haredim do not go up to the Temple Mount.[50]
Agudath Israel of America
Agudath Israel of America, founded in 1922, describes itself as "the arm and voice of American Orthodox Jewry", with national offices in New York and Washington, D.C. and 10 regional branches. It says it has operated since its inception "under the guidance and ongoing involvement of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah of America, the Council of Torah Sages", and its divisions include the American office of the Agudath Israel World Organization.[51] The Encyclopaedia Judaica records that the Lakewood yeshiva founder Aaron Kotler was president of the Supreme Council of Agudat Israel from 1954 until his death in 1962.[52] ProPublica's Nonprofit Explorer shows Agudath Israel of America (EIN 13-5604164) reporting revenue of $31.9 million and assets of $28.0 million for 2023.[53]
The world movement, Agudas Yisroel (see also World Agudath Israel), was founded at Kattowitz in May 1912. Hasidic rebbes in Poland and yeshiva heads in Lithuania gave it religious legitimacy, and their followers formed the bulk of its support. It introduced the doctrine of Daas Toyre, holding that great Torah scholars had "an almost infallible ability to determine the proper path for the Jewish people" in social and political as well as religious questions. In "Israel" it is one of the two factions of United Torah Judaism; "In the United States and other Diaspora countries, Aguda functions as the lobbying group for non-Zionist Orthodoxy."[3] The other faction of United Torah Judaism, Degel HaTorah, was founded in 1988 as a splinter from Agudat Israel.[54]
Agudath Israel of America declared $250,000 of federal lobbying spending in 2005–2009 (see Zionist movement US: lobbying and election spending data).[55] The 2001 synagogue census counted 55 Agudath Israel synagogues.[11] In 2006 Agudath Israel of America condemned Neturei Karta's visit to Tehran, saying that "all they accomplish is to offer succor and support to people who eagerly wish to do grave harm to Jews".[56]
On 21 October 2025 the Councils of Torah Sages of Agudath Israel of America and of Degel HaTorah held a joint meeting in Bnei Brak, chaired by Rabbi Moshe Hillel Hirsch; according to Kikar HaShabbat, the American delegation of Moetzes members comprised Malkiel Kotler of Beth Medrash Govoha in Lakewood, Elya Brudny of the Mir in Flatbush, the Novominsker Rebbe, Yehuda Svei and Chaim Yehoshua Hoberman.[57]
In the 2020 World Zionist Congress elections a new slate, Eretz Hakodesh, "representing the American chareidi and right-wing modern Orthodox communities", won 25 US delegates and held the balance of power in the division of World Zionist Organization posts, according to Mishpacha; it was largely the initiative of Rabbi Pesach Lerner, formerly of the National Council of Young Israel.[58]
Chabad-Lubavitch
The Lubavitch World Headquarters lists 53 regional Chabad entries for the US, whose institution counts add up to 1,513.[59] The 2001 synagogue census counted 346 Chabad Lubavitch synagogues,[11] and the IRS search above returns 1,313 Chabad/Lubavitch non profits. Lubavitch settled in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, after the war.[12] The New York Times reported in 1990 that Schneerson had "never been to Israel" and had "ruled that it is against Jewish law, known as halacha, to give up Israeli territory, even in exchange for peace".[28] The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives calls him "a major political force and a firm supporter of the Jewish state" who opposed the Camp David accords and condemned the Oslo accords.[60] See Chabad-Lubavitch movement, Menachem Mendel Schneerson and Chabad/Lubavitch non profits in the US.
Modern Orthodox contrast
Modern Orthodoxy, organised through bodies such as the Orthodox Union and the National Council of Young Israel, is not Haredi. The National Council of Young Israel says it serves "135 Young Israel synagogues" and "25,000 member families" (a figure of 115 member synagogues also appears on the same page).[61] Nishma Research estimated 290,000 Modern Orthodox Jews in the US in 2025, about a third of the Orthodox total.[5] UJA-Federation of New York found New York Haredim "less attached to Israel than their non-Haredi Orthodox peers".[6] The difference showed in 2013, when the Modern Orthodox Rabbinical Council of America condemned the Satmar-led anti-draft rally as an "anti-Israel rally".[31]
Community and political structures
Each court maintains its own network of synagogues, schools and charities, many of them registered separately with the IRS (see the list above and the "non profits in the US" pages). The communities are also known for bloc voting:
- Satmar: in 2022 both factions endorsed Governor Kathy Hochul in Yiddish pamphlets – the Aaron Teitelbaum community in Kiryas Joel and the Zalman Teitelbaum community in Williamsburg. Sam Stern told the Jewish Telegraphic Agency that the endorsement "represents 80 percent of the Hasidic Williamsburg vote" and that "On a high-turnout election, we can expect 10,000 votes", and Moishe Indig said that "the policy is to go with the incumbent".[18] New York reported in 2006 that Kiryas Joel had nearly 20,000 residents, a median income of $15,800 and 60% of families below the poverty line.[17]
- Skver: Jewish Insider reported in 2024 that New Square includes "some 3,000 votes that typically support candidates as a bloc", and that congressional leaders of both parties visited Rabbi David Twersky to seek its endorsement.[20]
- East Ramapo: Education Week reported in 2021 that the East Ramapo school district in Rockland County had 8,800 public-school pupils while about 29,000 Orthodox and Hasidic children attended private religious schools; that local rabbis and Orthodox leaders slated board candidates; and that a federal appeals court upheld a ruling that the at-large elections violated the Voting Rights Act.[62] The New York Times reported that the Vizhnitz rebbe Mordechai Hager regarded the Orthodox domination of the board as "unnecessarily provocative".[2]
- Lakewood: see Litvish groups in the US.[10]
In 2009 The Jewish Chronicle reported that Naftali Tzvi Weisz, "Rebbe of the Spinka Chasidic sect", had "admitted to laundering money by accepting tax-deductible charitable donations and then returning the money to the donors, minus a fee".[63]
Umbrella and representative bodies
| Body | Constituency | Position on Zionism and the state | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agudath Israel of America | Litvish and Hasidic mainstream; guided by the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah | "the lobbying group for non-Zionist Orthodoxy" (YIVO) | [51][3] |
| Central Rabbinical Congress of the USA and Canada | Satmar-led; organised the 2017 Brooklyn anti-draft rally | anti-Zionist | [30] |
| True Torah Jews | Satmar-linked; says it represents over 200,000 Jews | anti-Zionist; Arabic-language campaigns | [49][50] |
| Neturei Karta | small; condemned by Satmar and other Hasidic bodies | anti-Zionist; marches with pro-Palestinian groups | [45][39] |
| Torah Umesorah | national society for Orthodox Hebrew day schools | – | [9] |
| Eretz Hakodesh | US Haredi and right-wing Modern Orthodox slate in the World Zionist Congress | takes part in Zionist institutions | [58] |
See also
- Litvish groups in the US
- Hasidic dynasties
- Misnagdim
- Zionist movement US
- Zionist movement US: Big Israel data
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Allan Nadler, "Misnagdim", YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, accessed 26 October 2026.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Joseph Berger, "Rabbi Mordechai Hager, Leader of Large Hasidic Sect, Dies at 95", The New York Times, 16 March 2018.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Gershon Bacon, "Agudas Yisroel", YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, accessed 26 October 2026.
- ↑ Pew Research Center, "Jewish Americans in 2020", 11 May 2021.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Nishma Research, Haredi Research Group presentation, 9 January 2025.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 UJA-Federation of New York, "Population Spotlights", 2023 Jewish Community Study of New York, accessed 26 October 2026.
- ↑ "Nearly 1 million Jews live in NYC, new study finds", Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 9 May 2024.
- ↑ Adam Clark, "A rare glimpse into the elite college that changed Lakewood forever", NJ.com, 7 August 2017.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Jeanette Friedman, "Mendlowitz, Shraga Feivel", Encyclopaedia Judaica, via Encyclopedia.com, accessed 26 October 2026.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 David Landes, "How Lakewood, N.J., Is Redefining What It Means To Be Orthodox in America", Tablet, 5 June 2013.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Jim Schwartz, Jeffrey Scheckner, And Laurence Kotler-Berkowitz ‘Census of U.S. Synagogues, 2001’, ‘’American Jewish Yearbook, 2002’’: 112-149.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 PBS, "Settlement in America", A Life Apart: Hasidism in America, accessed 26 October 2026.
- ↑ PBS, "Introduction", A Life Apart: Hasidism in America, accessed 26 October 2026.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Jerome R. Mintz, Hasidic People: A Place in the New World, Harvard University Press, 1992 (full-text search of the Internet Archive copy; page not recorded).
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Janet S. Belcove-Shalin (ed.), New World Hasidim: Ethnographic Studies of Hasidic Jews in America, State University of New York Press, 1995 (full-text search of the Internet Archive copy; page not recorded).
- ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 Marcin Wodziński, Historical Atlas of Hasidism, Princeton University Press, 2018, pp. 192–205.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 Michael Powell, "Hats On, Gloves Off", New York, 28 April 2006.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Jacob Henry, "Governor Hochul endorsed by Satmar Jewish community, securing tens of thousands of votes", Jewish Telegraphic Agency / New York Jewish Week, 17 June 2022.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Margalit Fox, "Naftali Halberstam Dies at 74; Bobov Hasidim's Grand Rabbi", The New York Times, 25 March 2005.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Matthew Kassel, "The high-stakes battle for the Skver vote", Jewish Insider, 29 October 2024.
- ↑ "Gerrer Rebbe Shlita Attends Chanukas Habayis at Gur Cheder in Boro Park", The Yeshiva World, 11 June 2025.
- ↑ "Belzer Chasidim Fill Boro Park Streets to Welcome Rebbe's Son for Shabbos of Unity", The Yeshiva World, 9 March 2025.
- ↑ Idy Perl, "Karlin-Stolin Chassidim Eagerly Await Rebbe's Visit", Boro Park 24, 26 November 2024.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Rabbi Joseph Grunwald Dead at 81", Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 14 August 1984.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Petira Of Spinka Rebbe (Beis Shmiel Tzvi), HaRav Yosef Meir Horowitz Zt"l At 58", The Yeshiva World, 12 August 2026.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Three Sons to Succeed Bostoner Rebbe as Admorim of Bostoner Chassidus", Matzav, 13 December 2009.
- ↑ The Jewish Chronicle, 18 March 2005, p. 47 (advertisement).
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Joel Brinkley, "One Brooklyn Rabbi's Long Shadow", The New York Times, 13 April 1990.
- ↑ https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 "Thousands of anti-Zionist Haredi Orthodox Jews protest in Brooklyn against IDF conscription", Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 12 June 2017, accessed 26 October 2026.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Ben Harris, "Thousands of haredim protest in Lower Manhattan", Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 9 June 2013.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Frimet Goldberger, "At Massive Anti-Draft Protest, Haredi Jews Came Together — But Not on Zionism", The Forward, 10 June 2013.
- ↑ Aviezer Ravitzky, Messianism, Zionism, and Jewish Religious Radicalism, University of Chicago Press, 1996 (full-text search of the Internet Archive copy; page not recorded).
- ↑ Shaul Magid, Jewish Anti-Zionism as Political Theology: The Major Writings of Rabbi Yoel Teitelbaum, University of California Press, 2026, pp. 23–24 n. 83, 156 n. 85, 157, 161 n. 108, 174.
- ↑ "'Satmar Hasidic Jews are certainly not antisemitic': Nadler invokes Haredi anti-Zionism on floor of Congress", Shtetl, 5 December 2023.
- ↑ Zvika Klein, "'Terrible desecration of God's name:' Satmar rebbe slams anti-Zionists", The Jerusalem Post, 13 November 2023.
- ↑ The Jewish Chronicle, 27 June 1980, p. 8.
- ↑ "End of Israel is nigh says extremist rabbi", The Jewish Chronicle, 11 January 1991, p. 9.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Satmar And Others Condemn Hareidi PLO-Sympathizers", Israel National News, 28 April 2002.
- ↑ "Satmars: Jews at Iran Holocaust conference 'reckless outcasts'", Haaretz, 16 December 2006.
- ↑ The Jewish Chronicle, 22 December 2006, p. 28.
- ↑ "Israel must still go, says renegade 'rabbi'", The Jewish Chronicle, 22 December 2006, p. 3.
- ↑ "Satmar court slams Neturei Karta", Ynet, December 2006.
- ↑ Yehuda Dov, "Satmar Rebbe Of Williamsburg Slams Neturei Karta: 'Terrible Chilul Hashem'", VINnews, 13 November 2023.
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 Mira Fox, "Who exactly is Neturei Karta, the Orthodox sect protesting Israel?", The Forward, 22 November 2023.
- ↑ Mary Frost, "Jewish sect rallies for Palestinian rights at Brooklyn Borough Hall", Brooklyn Eagle, 26 January 2024.
- ↑ Madison Swart, photograph caption, Nakba Day protest, Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, Hans Lucas / AFP via Getty Images, 10 May 2025.
- ↑ Luis Ferré-Sadurní, "A Hasidic Jew Protested Against an Israeli Flag. He May Be Deported.", The New York Times, 30 September 2026.
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 True Torah Jews, "Orthodox Group Airs Radio Ads Condemning Netanyahu's Plans to Speak to Congress", PR Newswire, 18 February 2015.
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 "Haredi Jews to launch ad campaign in Arabic – 'We don't ascend Temple Mount'", The Jerusalem Post, November 2015.
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 Agudath Israel of America, "About", accessed 26 October 2026.
- ↑ Mordechai Hacohen, "Kotler, Aaron", Encyclopaedia Judaica, via Encyclopedia.com, accessed 26 October 2026.
- ↑ ProPublica, "Agudath Israel Of America", Nonprofit Explorer, accessed 26 October 2026.
- ↑ Matthew Wagner, "Degel Hatorah kicks off election campaign", The Jerusalem Post, 14 December 2005.
- ↑ OpenSecrets, "Pro-Israel Summary", accessed 26 October 2026.
- ↑ "Chassidic, Orthodox Groups Condemn Neturei Karta Iran Visit", Israel National News, 16 December 2006.
- ↑ Chaim Rosenbaum, "Historic gathering: the Councils of Torah Sages from Israel and the US met in Bnei Brak" (Hebrew), Kikar HaShabbat, 22 October 2025.
- ↑ 58.0 58.1 Yonoson Rosenblum, "Right Turn at the WZO", Mishpacha, 28 October 2020.
- ↑ Chabad Lubavitch World Headquarters, "USA – Centers", accessed 26 October 2026; the institution counts for its 53 regional entries add up to 1,513.
- ↑ "Schneerson, Menachem Mendel", Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, via encyclopedia.com, accessed 26 October 2026.
- ↑ National Council of Young Israel, "Our Story", accessed 26 October 2026.
- ↑ Mark Walsh, "District's At-Large Elections Violated Minority Voting Rights, Federal Appeals Court Finds", Education Week, 7 January 2021.
- ↑ The Jewish Chronicle, 31 July 2009, p. 15.