Difference between revisions of "Henry Jackson Society: Project for Democratic Geopolitics"

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==APPGs and financial transparency row==
 
==APPGs and financial transparency row==
The HJS provided the secretariat for two All Party Parliamentary Groups (APPGs) in Westminster between approximately 2009 and mid-2014. The [[Homeland Security APPG]] was chaired by Tory MP [[Bernard Jenkin]] and the [[Transatlantic and International Security APPG]] was chaired by Labour MP [[Gisela Stuart]].
+
The HJS provided the secretariat for two All Party Parliamentary Groups (APPGs) in Westminster between approximately 2009 and mid-2014. The [[All-Party Parliamentary Group on Homeland Security|Homeland Security APPG]] was chaired by Tory MP [[Bernard Jenkin]] and the [[All-Party Parliamentary Group on Transatlantic and International Security|Transatlantic and International Security APPG]] chaired by Labour MP [[Gisela Stuart]].
  
After Spinwatch asked for disclosure of HJS funders who had donated £5,000 or more, in line with parliamentary rules, the HJS decided to stop performing the role of secretariat, rather than reveal the identity of its donors.<ref name="GU">Randeep Ramesh, [http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/dec/30/rightwing-thinktank-pulls-funds-commons-groups-disclosure-rules Rightwing thinktank pulls funds for Commons groups after disclosure row], The Guardian, 30 December 2014, accessed 12 January 2015</ref> The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards subsequently upheld a Spinwatch complaint on this matter.<ref>Hilary Aked, David Miller and Melissa Jones, [http://spinwatch.org/index.php/issues/politics/item/5706-henry-jackson-society-forced-to-quit-westminster-role-after-spinwatch-complaint Henry Jackson Society forced to quit Westminster role after Spinwatch complaint - APPGs discontinued], Spinwatch, 7 January 2015.</ref>
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After ''Spinwatch'' asked for disclosure of HJS funders who had donated £5,000 or more, in line with parliamentary rules, the HJS decided to stop performing the role of secretariat, rather than reveal the identity of its donors.<ref name="GU">Randeep Ramesh, [http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/dec/30/rightwing-thinktank-pulls-funds-commons-groups-disclosure-rules Rightwing thinktank pulls funds for Commons groups after disclosure row], ''The Guardian'', 30 December 2014, accessed 12 January 2015</ref> The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards [[Kathryn Hudson]] subsequently upheld a Spinwatch complaint on this matter.<ref>Hilary Aked, David Miller and Melissa Jones, [http://spinwatch.org/index.php/issues/politics/item/5706-henry-jackson-society-forced-to-quit-westminster-role-after-spinwatch-complaint Henry Jackson Society forced to quit Westminster role after Spinwatch complaint - APPGs discontinued], Spinwatch, 7 January 2015.</ref>
  
Suspicions were raised after Spinwatch checked US and UK public records to find out who had donated and found that their rightward move had coincided with donations rising massively. In 2009 Spinwatch believed that the society's total income was £98,000, before rising to £321,000 in 2010, £815,000 in 2011 before reaching a high of £1,313,000 in 2013. Significant donors to the society include the [[Atkin Charitable Foundation]], founded by [[Edward Atkin]], whose donations went from £5,000 in 2010 to a total of £375,000 between 2011 and 2013, The [[Stanley Kalms Foundation]] who gave £100,000 in 2013 and are run by [[Baron Kalms]] a former Tory donor who in 2006 notably called then shadow foreign secretary [[William Hague]] an "ignorant armchair critic" for criticising Israel's actions in the 2006 war in Lebanon and a $10,000 donation from [[Nina Rosenwald]] (via the US fundraising arm, the [[American Friends of the Henry Jackson Society]]), who finances US-based right wing [[Gatestone Institute]] which publishes work from [[Geert Wilders]], the founder and leader of the [[Dutch Party for Freedom]] who has declared he "hates Islam".<ref name="GU"/>
+
Suspicions were raised after ''Spinwatch'' checked US and UK public records to find out who had donated and found that their rightward move had coincided with donations rising massively. In 2009 Spinwatch believed that the society's total income was £98,000, before rising to £321,000 in 2010, £815,000 in 2011 before reaching a high of £1,313,000 in 2013. Significant donors to the society include the [[Atkin Charitable Foundation]], founded by [[Edward Atkin]], whose donations went from £5,000 in 2010 to a total of £375,000 between 2011 and 2013 and The [[Stanley Kalms Foundation]] who gave £100,000 in 2013 and are run by [[Baron Kalms]] a former Tory donor who in 2006 notably called then shadow foreign secretary [[William Hague]] an 'ignorant armchair critic' for criticising Israel's actions in the 2006 war in Lebanon. Another $10,000 donation came from [[Nina Rosenwald]] (via the US fundraising arm, the [[American Friends of the Henry Jackson Society]]), who finances US-based right wing [[Gatestone Institute]] which publishes work from [[Geert Wilders]], the founder and leader of the [[Dutch Party for Freedom]] who has declared he "hates Islam".<ref name="GU"/>
  
 
==Aims and Objectives==
 
==Aims and Objectives==

Revision as of 07:25, 14 January 2015

The Henry Jackson Society Logo

The Henry Jackson Society Project for Democratic Geopolitics is a British neoconservative think tank and political action committee (PAC) which is supported by key US neocons and by two of Prime Minister David Cameron's closest advisers and ministers. It was launched in Cambridge on 11 March 2005 and in the Houses of Parliament on 22 November 2005. [1] The manifesto for the society was published by the Social Affairs Unit. [2]

Origins and launch

According to Marko Attila Hoare, Matthew Jamison organised the first meeting of the embryonic Henry Jackson Society at Peterhouse, Cambridge, in the autumn of 2004.[3]

According to its own account the Henry Jackson Society was launched online on 11 March 2005, ‘after several months and much hard work.’ [4] Its online launch was announced in a press release drafted by the ‘Organising Committee’ – the body which ran the Society before its registration as a UK charity. The Organising Committee consisted mainly of academics affiliated to Peterhouse, a conservative college at Cambridge University. They were led by Brendan Simms and Alan Mendoza, the Society’s co-founders. [5] Brendan Simms, a Cambridge historian, was then best known for his book Unfinest Hour: Britain and the Destruction of Bosnia, a highly critical account of British (non-interventionist) policy during the Bosnian War. Mendoza had written his PhD thesis on British policy during the conflict.

The HJS’s homepage originally displayed the following message:

The Henry Jackson Society is a non-profit organisation that seeks to promote the following principles: that liberal democracy should be spread across the world; that as the world’s most powerful democracies, the United States and the European Union – under British leadership – must shape the world more actively by intervention and example; that such leadership requires political will, a commitment to universal human rights and the maintenance of a strong military with global expeditionary reach; and that too few of our leaders in Britain and the rest of Europe today are ready to play a role in the world that matches our strength and responsibilities. [6]

The HJS was launched in Cambridge on 15 June 2005. At the launch event Gary Kent of Labour Friends of Iraq spoke about ‘The Left and Iraq’. That was followed by a drinks reception in the Fellow's Garden in Peterhouse and a formal dinner in Clare Hall. [7] The Society’s Westminster launch took place on 22 November 2005 in the Jubilee Room of the House of Commons. It was hosted by Michael Gove and Gisela Stuart. [8]

Growth and development

The Henry Jackson Society was registered with the Charity Commission on 27 April 2006 under a Trust Deed dated 10 April 2006. [9] According to the Charity Commission the Society had an income of £4,082 and spending of £1,806 in 2006. Since its income did not exceed £10,000 it was not required to file accounts. Its income rose to £37,742 in 2007 and £86,128 in 2008.

The British Moment

The Henry Jackson Society's July 2006 pamphlet, The British Moment.

In July 2006 the Social Affairs Unit published the Henry Jackson Society's manifesto, The British Moment: The Case for Democratic Geo-Politics in the Twenty-First Century. It argued that 'it is time for Britain, and indeed, the rest of Europe, to reclaim the noble tradition of liberal interventionism and pursue an active strategy across the globe.' [10]

The Weekly Standard wrote of the book that '"Scoop Jackson" Democrats like Sen. Joe Lieberman are increasingly rare, and increasingly abhorred by their own party. But in Europe, a Scoop revival may be stirring.' A short of account of the book's launch concluded with the admonition: 'Now if only a Scoop revival would take hold among our Democratic friends here in the States.' [11]

Move to London

During 2007 the Society began to focus more on targeting the media and policy community in London. Its 2007 accounts record that, ‘The year saw significant change and advancement with the expansion of the charity’s work from Cambridge to London, with the latter location quickly becoming the main focus of activity.’ They also note, ‘The launch of a weekly events programme in London which has increased the charity’s visibility dramatically’. [12]

"Mendoza's Putsch"

According to Marko Attila Hoare, the opening of a London office coincided with a decision by Brendan Simms to step back from the day to day running of the organisation, while director of operations James Rogers also scaled down his role, leaving control largely in the hands of Alan Mendoza:

Once he took over the running of the HJS from Rogers and Simms, Mendoza had his hands on all the levers of power within the organisation, of which the most important was control of the website. Mendoza set about converting the HJS into his personal fiefdom, packing its staff with his own apparatchiks recruited via his personal network.[3]

In July 2007, James Rogers wrote to The Times defending the European reform treaty then being negotiated, (which subsequently became the Lisbon Treaty). He stated:

As a leading member state, Britain should be actively bolstering European Union military power and its ability to represent our interests in the wider world. By providing some of the instruments and institutions necessary to increase our leverage in foreign countries, the reform treaty will enhance the security and sovereignty of all Europeans, thereby producing a better environment for domestic cohesion and the generation of economic wealth.[13]

According to Hoare, this letter was repudiated in a public statement on the Society's website, prompting Rogers' resignation.[3]

Just Journalism

Hoare goes on to describe the Society's founders as "Old Bolsheviks", who were replaced by people from Just Journalism, a pro-Israel think-tank, in existence from 2008 to 2011, on whose advisory board Mendoza served and who shared an office with the HJS. These would include Michael Weiss, Robin Shepherd, and Douglas Murray of the Centre for Social Cohesion.[3] Although Hoare states that Weiss joined the HJS in March 2010, Weiss's LinkedIn biography puts this in March 2011.[14]

Hoare uses Weiss' rise to power at the HJS as one of the reasons why it is no longer what it once was and voices his doubts over the way Weiss obtained power. According to Hoare, Weiss started out as acting director of research at the HJS. In this role he attempted to stop Hoare from publishing his monthly blog post that he had done for six years, a move which Hoare is unsure whether it was an attempt by Weiss to gain further power or if he was acting on Mendoza's wishes. Weiss was then moved to director of communications and public relations and had relinquished his role as executive director at Just Journalism to become a spokesman for the think-tank, making sure he was safely established in the HJS when Just Journalism closed. Hoare claims one way in which the HJS has lost its way is that four of the six top jobs there are now held by former senior members of Just Journalism (Mendoza, Weiss, Shepherd and Murray).[3]

Student Rights

In June 2009, a group called Student Rights - Tackling Extremism on Campus was established "as a reaction to increasing political extremism and marginalisation of vulnerable students on campus".[15] London Student newspaper reported that the Henry Jackson Society had paid for Student Rights to have a stall at LSE Freshers Fair and that the two organisations had shared an office.[16]

Raheem Kassam was the director of Student Rights from its creation until March 2014, combining the role with jobs at the Henry Jackson Society including marketing director (September 2010 - July 2012), communications director (July 2012 - April 2013) and an associate fellow (April 2013 – September 2014). He is now a senior adviser to Nigel Farage and UKIP.[17]

It is now headed by Rupert Sutton, a researcher for the Henry Jackson Society who has also held roles with the the Centre for Response to Radicalisation and Terrorism and Strategic Analysis.[15]

Advisory Board

[15]

Charity Changes

A new charity (1140489 - THE HENRY JACKSON SOCIETY) was registered on 18 February 2011.[18] The old charity (1113948 - THE HENRY JACKSON SOCIETY PROJECT FOR DEMOCRATIC GEOPOLITICS) was removed from the register on 30 October 2012.[19]

Centre for Social Cohesion

The Centre for Social Cohesion (CSC) merged with the Henry Jackson Society in April 2011. CSC director Douglas Murray joined the Society as an associate director.[20]

In July 2011, the HJS European Section director Marko Attila Hoare wrote that he had "deep reservations about the decision":

I was not consulted on this step, and learned about it only after it had been publicly announced. Had I been consulted, I would have argued against it, since I consider many of the political positions upheld by Murray and the CSC to be antithetical to my own positions and to those for which, I believed, the HJS stood. I am referring to Murray’s frequently stated views on Muslims and Islam. I have not wished to contribute further to the work of the HJS until I have had time to decide what my own response to the merger with the CSC and to Murray’s appointment should be, and to make my views clear on the matter.[21]

Henry Jackson Initiative

In 2011, the Henry Jackson Society undertook a project on 21st Century capitalism, initially entitled 'Better Markets, Better Values'.[22]

An October 2011 report to the City of London's Policy and Resources Committee, by the City's director of public relations recommended a grant of £25,000 towards a total project cost of £100,000, funded from the Committee‟s Policy Initiatives Fund 2011/12. According to this report, the project had already confirmed financial support from McKinsey, with further interest from KPMG and Clifford Chance.[22]

The report stated:

The project will be led by a high level working group whose co-chairs will be Lady de Rothschild, CEO of EL Rothschild and Dominic Barton, Global Managing Director of McKinsey. Other members include the former Secretary of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Lord (John) Hutton, Monetary Policy Committee Member Adam Posen, Director of the Hudson Institute Irwin Stelzer and former Editor in Chief of the Wall Street Journal Europe Baroness Wheatcroft.[22]

This task force published its report, ‘Towards a More Inclusive Capitalism’ in May 2012 in London at the same time that the Henry Jackson Initiative was formally established to continue its work.[23]

Strategic Analysis

Launched in 2012, Strategic Analysis (SA) is a political risk consultancy by the Henry Jackson Society and informed by the HJS's research division. It claims to offer 'decision-ready', commercially relevant research, analysis and consulting services'. The research division informs clients of economic, security and political risks in the Middle East, North Africa and Eurasia.[24]

The services they offer are headline monitoring, daily country risk briefs, enhanced country risk assessments, country summaries, consultancy services and bespoke reports.

The Henry Jackson Society spokesperson Rosanna Rafel, when asked by The Guardian, denied that SA's work in the Middle East contradicts the societies 'support for freedom and democracy in the Middle East' by saying, "Our analysts merely provide their interpretation of what is happening on the ground in such countries and how economic investment might be affected by events. We do not provide recommendations for companies on investment strategy." Despite this denial of a conflict of interest, the SA provide a detailed analysis and forecast of the oil and gas sector in all 20 Middle East and North African countries to allow clients to explore the investment opportunities and to alert them of the risks to their business. In a report they recommend the oil and gas sector continuing to operate as an 'enclave industry', a concept which, according to UCL development expert Dr Robert Biel, denotes a 'foreign-dominated industry (in this case, oil) designed to extract resources and export them internationally, and was associated with exploitive labour practices, inequality, corruption, foreign firms or governments holding undue influence on the host countries, and a weakening of democracy'. Additionally, the founder and director of the Henry Jackson Society Research Division, Ruth Lux, wrote an article titled 'Light at the end of the pipeline', which claimed that investment opportunities within the infrastructure sector in the Middle East are more numerable than ever.[25]

Reports from the SA team have included the effects of the Trans-Adriatic Pipeline in the Petroleum Economist, political, economic and security risks in the Middle East and North Africa in Zawya and an analysis on the talks between Israel and Palestine in Haaretz.[26]

The team

Analysts

Contact

Address: Millbank Tower,
21-24 Millbank,
London,
SW1P 4QP
Email: info@strategic-analysis.org
Phone: +44 (0)207 340 4520
Website: http://www.strategic-analysis.org/

Centre for Response to Radicalisation and Terrorism

The Centre for the Response to Radicalisation and Terrorism (CRT) is a research centre launched in 2014 by the Henry Jackson Society to provide research on the topic of the 'very real threat radical Islam poses to our society'.[35]

Despite being a recent venture, the CRT are already attempting to have an impact on British foreign policy. In the run-up to the parliamentary vote on air strikes against Islamic State in Iraq, CRT released a paper titled The Legal Case for British Military Action Against Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, presenting the legal arguments on how Britain could join the international coalition fighting the 'Islamic State' in both Iraq and Syria. This paper followed on from 'Understanding the Islamic State', which aimed to give MPs an in-depth background on the history and capability of the group.[36]

The validity of the work of the CRT and the Henry Jackson Society as a whole has been called into question by the former senior director of the HJS Mark Attila Hoare who in 2012, upon leaving the society, said they have turned into an "abrasively right-wing forum with an anti-Muslim tinge".[37]

Staff

[38]

Syria

In December 2011, the HJS published an assessment of the possibilities for intervention in Syria by Michael Weiss.[39]

This report provided the basis for a plan proposed in a February 2012 open letter published by the HJS calling for the establishment of a safe area in Idlib province, using Turkish troops and western air power.[40]

The validity of the work has been called into question by former HJS director Marko Attila Hoare, who claims Weiss is not an academic expert on Syria and the Middle East, but rather an activist with strong views who follows events there closely.[3]

APPGs and financial transparency row

The HJS provided the secretariat for two All Party Parliamentary Groups (APPGs) in Westminster between approximately 2009 and mid-2014. The Homeland Security APPG was chaired by Tory MP Bernard Jenkin and the Transatlantic and International Security APPG chaired by Labour MP Gisela Stuart.

After Spinwatch asked for disclosure of HJS funders who had donated £5,000 or more, in line with parliamentary rules, the HJS decided to stop performing the role of secretariat, rather than reveal the identity of its donors.[41] The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards Kathryn Hudson subsequently upheld a Spinwatch complaint on this matter.[42]

Suspicions were raised after Spinwatch checked US and UK public records to find out who had donated and found that their rightward move had coincided with donations rising massively. In 2009 Spinwatch believed that the society's total income was £98,000, before rising to £321,000 in 2010, £815,000 in 2011 before reaching a high of £1,313,000 in 2013. Significant donors to the society include the Atkin Charitable Foundation, founded by Edward Atkin, whose donations went from £5,000 in 2010 to a total of £375,000 between 2011 and 2013 and The Stanley Kalms Foundation who gave £100,000 in 2013 and are run by Baron Kalms a former Tory donor who in 2006 notably called then shadow foreign secretary William Hague an 'ignorant armchair critic' for criticising Israel's actions in the 2006 war in Lebanon. Another $10,000 donation came from Nina Rosenwald (via the US fundraising arm, the American Friends of the Henry Jackson Society), who finances US-based right wing Gatestone Institute which publishes work from Geert Wilders, the founder and leader of the Dutch Party for Freedom who has declared he "hates Islam".[41]

Aims and Objectives

Its statement of principles has been revised from its earlier, more forthright presentation of neoconservative themes, to a more oblique and ambiguous rendering of the same themes. It advocates a ‘forward strategy’ involving 'diplomatic, economic, cultural, and/or political means' to spread liberal democracy; and the maintenance of a strong military by US, EU and 'other democratic powers' armed with 'expeditionary capabilities with a global reach' so it can preempt threats and carry out humanitarian interventions. Furthermore, it supports 'necessary furtherance of European military modernisation and integration under British leadership'; believes that 'only modern liberal democratic states are truly legitimate'. Reiterating a familiar neocon grievance, it questions the legitimacy of 'the political or human rights pronouncements of any international or regional organisation which admits undemocratic states'; and invokes an old Irving Kristol line in giving 'two cheers for capitalism', while accepting that the state has a role in providing services and in maintaining the environment. For all its celebrations of liberal democracy, it does not rule out engagement with 'repressive regimes' which, it insists, can 'only be temporary'. It ends by affirming a 'strong commitment to individual and civil liberties in democratic states, even and especially when we are under attack' [43].

In its earlier version it read: "liberal democracy should be spread across the world; that as the world’s most powerful democracies, the United States and the European Union—under British leadership—must shape the world more actively by intervention and example; that such leadership requires political will, a commitment to universal human rights and the maintenance of a strong military with global expeditionary reach; and that too few of our leaders in Britain and the rest of Europe today are ready to play a role in the world that matches our strength and responsibilities."

In the Guardian Neil Clark quoted HJS as explaining that the "forward strategy" involved spreading "liberal democracy across the world" through "the full spectrum of 'carrot' capacities, be they diplomatic, economic, cultural or political, but also, when necessary, those 'sticks' of the military domain".[44]

Co President Brendan Simms wrote in July 2006 that the Society's aim "is not to justify the mistakes of the past, but to stake a claim for intellectual hegemony for the future":

If you have some liberal views on domestic politics, but are prepared to concede that George Bush might be broadly right on foreign policy. If you are concerned at the spread of a conversational consensus in Britain and Europe which involves saying things like "I don't know how anybody with any intelligence can vote for Bush", even if you would not have voted for Bush yourself. If you know that we have taken many wrong turnings since the removal of Saddam Hussein, but do not feel that the whole enterprise was wrong from the start. If you feel all or some of these things; or might be persuaded of them, then the Henry Jackson Society is for you, and we invite you to join us.[45]

Members

Organising Committee 2006

Prior to its registration as a charity the Henry Jackson Society was run by its Organising Committee. The earliest record of the members of the Organising Committee available in the Internet Archive is from 26 January 2006 and lists the following members:

Signatories of the Statement of Principles

Trustees

2007

The trustees listed in the Society’s first Annual Report filed with the Charity Commission (in 2007) were as follows:

2012

Staff

2012

HJS Staff
London
Alan Mendoza – Executive Director Douglas Murray - Associate Director Robin Shepherd - Director, International Affairs
Robin Simcox – Research Fellow Raheem Kassam - Director of Communications and Public Relations Michael Weiss - Director of Research, Co-Chair, Russia Studies Centre
Samer Libdeh - Senior Research Fellow Houriya Ahmed - Research Fellow Peter Cannon – Associate Fellow
George Grant - Associate Fellow Julia Pettengill - Research Fellow, Co-Chair, Russia Studies Centre Hannah Stuart - Research Fellow
Richard Cashman - Associate Fellow Emily Dyer - Junior Research Fellow Davis Lewin - Political Director
Jonathan Fisher QC - Associate Fellow David Reay - Director of Business Development Fleur Brading - Director of the Henry Jackson Initiative
Charlotte Langley - Director of Development Christiana Hambro - Events Manager Emily Banks - Communications Assistant
Francesca Roettger Moreda - Political Assistant Anthony Carter - Research Assistant Alex Rudofsky - Research Assistant
Dana Al-Jawamis - Research Assistant
New York
Brooke Goldstein - Associate Fellow Nazee Moinian - Associate Fellow
Los Angeles
Adelle Nazarian - Program Director
Washington D.C.
Catherine Bray - Washington, D.C. Representative Alexandros Petersen - Senior Associate Fellow
Cambridge
Brendan Simms – President Jonathan Bronitsky - Associate Director

[49]

2015

HJS Staff
Director's Office
Dr Alan Mendoza - Executive Director Douglas Murray - Associate Director Sharon Stern - Chief of Staff
Edisa Korugic - Executive Assistant to the Executive Director Jessica Reihanifam - Development Manager Nick Cattermole - Director of Operations
Nicole D’Angelo - Office Manager
Research
Robin Simcox - Research Fellow Hannah Stuart - Research Fellow Emily Dyer - Research Fellow
Rupert Sutton - Research Fellow Olli Heinonen - Visiting Senior Fellow Jacob Zenn - Non-Resident Associate Fellow
Dr Diane Webber - Non-Resident Associate Fellow Jeevan Vipinachandran - Research Assistant Ilan Fisher - Research Assistant
Livinia Mouries - Research Assistant
Political
Davis Lewin - Deputy Director & Head of Policy and Research
Russia studies centre
Dr Andrew Foxall - Director of the Russia Studies Centre David Satter - Associate Fellow
Communications
David Rutter - Communications and Media Relations Officer Callum Burke - Communications Assistant
Legal
Jonathan Fisher QC - Associate Fellow
Events
Hanna Nomm - Events Manager Gray Sergeant - Events Assistant
New York
Brooke Goldstein - Associate Fellow Nazee Moinian - Associate Fellow
Cambridge
Prof Brendan Simms - President
Los Angeles
Adelle Nazarian - Program Director

[50]

Former Staff

Patrick Schneider-Sikorsky | Deep Kisor Datta-Ray | Katharine Slocombe | Duncan Crossey | Tomas Weiss | Benjamin Charlton | Barak M. Seener - former Section Director, Middle East | Eric Danko - former Strategic Relations Manager, Washington | Sarah Platts - former Program Director, Washington D.C. | Karla Jones - former Associate Fellow and Director of Development, Washington | John Bew - former Vice-President, Cambridge | James Rogers - former Associate Fellow, European Union | Gideon Mailer - former Section Director, Africa | Matthew Jamison - former Executive Secretary | Tristan Stubbs - former Section Director, Environment and Economy | Marko Attila Hoare – former Section Director, European Neighbourhood | Tufail Ahmad – former Section Director, South Asia | James Coady – former Section Director, European Union | Camilla Hagelund – former Section Director, Russia & Eurasia | Joe Rolling – former Section Director, South East Asia & Australasia | Ben Caldecott – former Section Director, East Asia | Yaniv Ofek – former Associate Fellow, Middle East | Corine Wood-Donnelly – former Associate Fellow, Africa | Marc Sidwell – former Associate Fellow, Governance, Strategy & Terrorism | Niccolo Pantucci – former Associate Fellow, North America | Claudia Schwartz – former Associate Fellow, Middle East | Timothy Stafford – former Associate Fellow, North America | Rosalba Junginger - former Research Assistant | Kyra Choucroun - former Research Assistant | Georgina Duffin – former Research Assistant | Kimberley Trewhitt, former Research Assistant | Kate McCormick - former Research Assistant | Marcel Thach – former Research Assistant |

Advisory Council

2012

HJS Advisory Council
Academic Council members
Hasan Al Momani - Director of the Regional Centre On Conflict Prevention, Jordan Institute of Diplomacy Michael Bentley - Professor, British Intellectual History, University of St. Andrews Vernon Bogdanor CBE - Professor, Institute of Contemporary History, King’s College London
Brendan O’Leary - Professor, Political Science, University of Pennsylvania Chris Brown - Professor, International Relations, LSE Frank Chalk - Professor, History and Director of the Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies, Concordia University
Brahma Chellaney - Professor, Strategic Studies, Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi Thomas Cushman - Professor, Sociology, Wellesley College Brigitte Granville - Professor, International Economics and Economic Policy, Queen Mary University
Adrian Hyde-Price - Professor, International Politics, University of Bath G. John Ikenberry - Professor, Politics and International Affairs, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University William Inboden - Assistant Professor, Foreign Affairs, University of Texas
Andrew Lever - Professor, Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Robert Lieber - Professor, Government and International Affairs, Georgetown University Tim Lynch - Lecturer, American Politics and Foreign Policy, University of Melbourne
Harvey Mansfield - William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Government in the Department of Government at Harvard University Rory Miller - Professor, Middle East and Mediterranean Studies, King’s College London Patrick Minford - Professor, Applied Economics, Cardiff University
Kenneth Pyle - Professor, History and Asian Studies, University of Washington Danny Quah - Professor, Economics, LSE Fred Siegel - Senior Fellow, Manhattan Institute Center for State and Local Leadership
Kirstine Sinclair - Assistant Professor, Centre For Middle East Studies, University of Southern Denmark Robert Singh - Professor, Politics, Birkbeck College Sol Stern - Senior Fellow, U.S. Policy, Education, Manhattan Institute
Policy Council Members
Lord Bew of Donegore - Professor, Irish History, Queen’s University Belfast Prof. Brian Brivati - Director, John Smith Memorial Trust Jessica Douglas-Home - Author
Amanda Foreman - Historian, Writer and Broadcaster Jeffrey Gedmin - CEO and President, Legatum Institute Robin Harris CBE - Author and Journalist; former advisor to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher
Emanuele Ottolenghi - Senior Fellow, Foundation for the Defense of Democracies Andrew Roberts - Historian, Author and Journalist Marc Sageman - Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy Research Institute, Center on Terrorism, Counter-Terrorism and Homeland Security
Prof. Roger Scruton - Visiting Professor, Oxford University, and Visiting Scholar, American Enterprise Institute Amir Taheri - Author and Journalist Dr. Lorenzo Vidino - Visiting fellow, Center for Security Studies, ETH Zurich
Sir Andrew Wood GCMG - Associate Fellow, Russia and Eurasia Programme
Political Council Members
Conservative
David Amess MP James Arbuthnot MP, Chairman of the Defence Committee Bob Blackman MP
Nick Boles MP David Burrowes MP Alistair Burt MP, Parliamentary Under Secretary for the Middle East, Foreign and Commonwealth Office
Douglas Carswell MP Geoffrey Clifton-Brown MP, Chariman of the Committee of Selection Damian Collins MP
David Davies MP, Chairman of the Welsh Affairs Committee David Davis MP, Former Minister of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Office Nadine Dorries MP
Mike Freer MP James Gray MP Robert Halfon MP
Stephen Hammond MP Bernard Jenkin MP, Chairman of the Public Administration Select Committee Daniel Kawczynski MP
Richard Ottaway MP, Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee Priti Patel MP Mark Pritchard MP
Dominic Raab MP Amber Rudd MP Robert Walter MP
Nadhim Zahawi MP
Labour
Bob Ainsworth MP, Former Secretary of State for Defence Margaret Beckett MP, Former Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Hazel Blears MP, Former Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government
Ben Bradshaw MP, Former Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport Chris Bryant MP, Former Parliamentary Under Secretary of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Office Dai Havard MP
Denis MacShane, Former Minister of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Office Khalid Mahmood MP Meg Munn MP, Former Parliamentary Under Secretary of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Office
Jim Murphy MP, Shadow Secretary of State for Defence John Spellar MP, Shadow Minister for Foreign and Commonwealth Office Gisela Stuart MP
Derek Twigg MP, Former Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for the Ministry of Defence
Liberal Democrat
Tom Brake MP, Former Shadow Secretary of State for Transport Dan Rogerson MP
Conservative Peers
Lord Flight of Worcester Lord Kalms of Edgware The Rt Hon Lord Trimble
Labour Peers
Lord Dubs of Battersea Lord Moonie of Bennochy The Rt Hon Admiral Lord West of Spithead GCB DSC

[51]

2015

HJS Advisory Council
Academic Council members
Dr. Hasan Al Momani, Director of the Regional Centre On Conflict Prevention, Jordan Institute of Diplomacy Professor Michael Bentley, Professor, British Intellectual History, University of St. Andrews Professor Vernon Bogdanor CBE, Professor, Institute of Contemporary History, King’s College London
Professor Chris Brown, Professor, International Relations, LSE Professor Frank Chalk, Professor, History and Director of the Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies, Concordia University Professor Brahma Chellaney, Professor, Strategic Studies, Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi
Professor Thomas Cushman, Professor, Sociology, Wellesley College Professor Maurice Fraser, Head of the LSE European Institute; Associate Fellow (Europe), Chatham House Professor Brigitte Granville, Professor, International Economics and Economic Policy, Queen Mary University
Professor Adrian Hyde-Price, Professor, International Politics, University of Bath Professor G. John Ikenberry, Professor, Politics and International Affairs, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University Dr. William Inboden, Assistant Professor, Foreign Affairs, University of Texas
Professor Anthony F. Lang Jr., Reader, School of International Relations & Director, Centre for Global Constitutionalism, University of St Andrews Professor Andrew Lever, Professor, Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Professor Robert Lieber, Professor, Government and International Affairs, Georgetown University
Dr. Tim Lynch, Lecturer, American Politics and Foreign Policy, University of Melbourne Professor Harvey Mansfield, William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Government in the Department of Government at Harvard University Professor Rory Miller, Professor, Middle East and Mediterranean Studies, King’s College London
Professor Patrick Minford, Professor, Applied Economics, Cardiff University Professor Brendan O’Leary, Professor, Political Science, University of Pennsylvania Professor Gwythian Prins, Director, LSE Mackinder Programme for the Study of Long Wave Events, London School of Economics
Professor Kenneth Pyle, Professor, History and Asian Studies, University of Washington Professor Danny Quah, Professor, Economics, LSE Fred Siegel, Senior Fellow, Manhattan Institute Center for State and Local Leadership
Dr. Kirstine Sinclair, Assistant Professor, Centre For Middle East Studies, University of Southern Denmark Professor Robert Singh, Professor, Politics, Birkbeck College Sol Stern, Senior Fellow, U.S. Policy, Education, Manhattan Institute
Dr. Matthias Küntzel, Research Associate, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Policy Council Members
Lord Bew of Donegore - Professor, Irish History, Queen’s University Belfast Prof. Brian Brivati - Director, John Smith Memorial Trust Jessica Douglas-Home - Author
Amanda Foreman - Historian, Writer and Broadcaster Jeffrey Gedmin - CEO and President, Legatum Institute Robin Harris CBE - Author and Journalist; former advisor to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher
Emanuele Ottolenghi - Senior Fellow, Foundation for the Defense of Democracies Andrew Roberts - Historian, Author and Journalist Marc Sageman - Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy Research Institute, Center on Terrorism, Counter-Terrorism and Homeland Security
Prof. Roger Scruton - Visiting Professor, Oxford University, and Visiting Scholar, American Enterprise Institute Amir Taheri - Author and Journalist Dr. Lorenzo Vidino - Visiting fellow, Center for Security Studies, ETH Zurich
Political Council Members
Conservative
David Amess MP James Arbuthnot MP, Chairman of the Defence Committee Bob Blackman MP
Nick Boles MP David Burrowes MP Alistair Burt MP, Parliamentary Under Secretary for the Middle East, Foreign and Commonwealth Office
Douglas Carswell MP Geoffrey Clifton-Brown MP, Chariman of the Committee of Selection Damian Collins MP
David Davies MP, Chairman of the Welsh Affairs Committee David Davis MP, Former Minister of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Office Nadine Dorries MP
Mike Freer MP James Gray MP Robert Halfon MP
Stephen Hammond MP Bernard Jenkin MP, Chairman of the Public Administration Select Committee Daniel Kawczynski MP
James Morris MP Sir Richard Ottaway MP, Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee Priti Patel MP
Mark Pritchard MP Dominic Raab MP Amber Rudd MP
Robert Walter MP Julian Lewis MP Nadhim Zahawi MP
Henry Smith MP
Labour
Margaret Beckett MP, Former Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Hazel Blears MP, Former Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government Ben Bradshaw MP, Former Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport
Chris Bryant MP, Former Parliamentary Under Secretary of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Office Dai Havard MP Khalid Mahmood MP
Meg Munn MP, Former Parliamentary Under Secretary of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Office Jim Murphy MP, Shadow Secretary of State for Defence John Spellar MP, Shadow Minister for Foreign and Commonwealth Office
Gisela Stuart MP Derek Twigg MP, Former Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for the Ministry of Defence
Liberal Democrat
Dan Rogerson MP
Conservative Peers
Lord Flight of Worcester Lord Kalms of Edgware The Rt Hon Lord Trimble
Labour Peers
Lord Dubs of Battersea Lord Moonie of Bennochy Lord Triesman of Tottenham
The Rt Hon Admiral Lord West of Spithead GCB DSC

[52]

International Patrons

Bruce P. Jackson, President, The Project on Transitional Democracies Robert Kagan, Senior Associate, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace William Kristol, Editor, The Weekly Standard; PNAC
Vytautas Landsbergis – Member of European Parliament; President of Lithuania, 1990-1992 Clifford D. May, President, Foundation for the Defense of Democracies Michael McFaul, Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution; Senior Advisor, National Democratic Institute
Joshua Muravchik, Resident Scholar, American Enterprise Institute Richard Perle, Former American Assistant Secretary of Defense Jack Sheehan, Defense Policy Board; Former NATO General, Supreme Allied Commander, Atlantic
R. James Woolsey, Jr., Former Director of the CIA Thomas Cushman – Founding Editor and Editor-At-Large, Journal of Human Rights Max Boot, Senior Fellow for National Security Studies, The Council on Foreign Relations
Martin Bútora – Slovak Ambassador to the USA, 1999-2003; Co-Founder, Institute for Public Affairs, & Public Against Violence Michael Danby – Australian Labor Member of Parliament for Melbourne Ports Jean Bethke Elshtain – Contributing Editor, The New Republic
Carl Gershman – President, National Endowment for Democracy Dore Gold – Former Foreign Policy Advisor to the Prime Minister of Israel Hubertus Hoffmann – President, The World Security Network
Richard D. Kahlenberg – Author Max Kampelman Herbert London – President, Hudson Institute
Stephen J. Solarz – Member of the U.S. House of Representatives (D-NY), 1975-1993 Michael Stürmer – Chief Correspondent, Die Welt Alejandro Toledo – President of Peru, 2001-2006
Elbegdorj Tsakhia – Leader, Mongolian Democracy Movement; Prime Minister of Mongolia, 1998, 2004-2006

Featured lecturers

2007

Farah Pandith [53] | John Bolton [54] | Ariel Cohen [55] | Raymond Tanter [56]

2008

David Alton (Lord), Vincent Brossel, Lynn Lee and In Ho Park[57] | Ron Silver [58] | Raphael Perl [59] | Herbert London [60] | Alexander Lennon [61] | Haim Koren [62] | Rob Singh and Timothy Lynch[63] | Jonathan Paris[64] | Marc Ginsberg[65] | Shmuel Bar[66] | Mithal al-Alusi[67] | Ahmet Davutoglu[68] | Daniel Kimmage[69] | Ashraf Ghani and Clare Lockhart from the Institute of State Effectiveness[70] | Thomas Cushman [71] | Joseph S. Nye, Jr.[72] | Stephen Solarz[73] | Keith Pavlischek Senior Fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center, Washington DC[74] | Edward Lucas[75] | Omar Fadhil [76] | Ilan Berman [77] | Martin van Creveld [78] | Patrick Clawson [79] | Shai Feldman [80] | Emanuele Ottolenghi [81] | Carl Gershman [82]

Financial statements

Henry Jackson Society Financial Statements made up to 31 December 2007
Henry Jackson Society Financial Statements made up to 31 December 2008

Affiliations

Contact, References and Resources

Contact

c/o Dr. Brendan Simms
The Henry Jackson Society
Peterhouse
Cambridge CB2 1RD
United Kingdom
Website: www.henryjacksonsociety.org
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=6786954801

Resources

Internet Archive Wayback Machine, henryjacksonsociety.org

Profiles

Articles & Commentary

References

  1. "The Henry Jackson Society" guardian.co.uk, accessed 6 March 2009
  2. Henry Jackson Society Manifesto, The British Moment: The Case for Democratic Geopolitics in the Twenty-first Century, Amazon.co.uk, Accessed 27-May-2009
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Marko Attila Hoare, Alan Mendoza’s putsch in the Henry Jackson Society, Greater Surbiton, 13 August 2012. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "SurbitonPutch" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "SurbitonPutch" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "SurbitonPutch" defined multiple times with different content
  4. Internet Archive, Henry Jackson Society, Past Events > The Henry Jackson Society Is Now Launched!, 26 January 2006
  5. Internet Archive, Henry Jackson Society, Organisational Committee, 26 January 2006
  6. Internet Archive, henryjacksonsociety.org, 26 January 2006
  7. Internet Archive, Henry Jackson Society, Past Events > The Cambridge Launch of The Henry Jackson Society, 26 January 2006
  8. Internet Archive, Henry Jackson Society, Past Events > The Westminster Launch of The Henry Jackson Society, 26 January 2006
  9. PDF Copy of Charity Commission, Henry Jackson Society > Charity framework [Created 7 September 2010]
  10. The British Moment, Henry Jackson Society, 10 July 2006.
  11. Scoop Lives!, The Scrapbook, Weekly Standard, 24 July 2006.
  12. Henry Jackson Society, Financial Statements made up to 31 December 2007; p.4
  13. James Rogers, EU Treaty benefits, The Times, 31 July 2007.
  14. Michael Weiss, LinkedIn, archived via Google Cache, accessed 20 April 2013.
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 About us Student Rights, accessed 13 January 2015
  16. ‘Student Rights’ group exposed, London Student, 1 March 2010, accessed 19 May 2013.
  17. Raheem Kassam Linkedin, accessed 13 January 2015
  18. THE HENRY JACKSON SOCIETY, Charity Commission, accessed 13 November 2012.
  19. 1113948 - THE HENRY JACKSON SOCIETY PROJECT FOR DEMOCRATIC GEOPOLITICS, Charity Commission, accessed 13 November 2012.
  20. The Centre for Social Cohesion joins with The Henry Jackson Society, Centre for Social Cohesion, 8 April 2011.
  21. Marko Attila Hoare, The Henry Jackson Society and Douglas Murray, Greater Surbiton, 29 July 2011.
  22. 22.0 22.1 22.2 Sponsorship ofHenry Jackson Society project on Capitalism in the 21stCentury „Better Markets, Better Values‟, Policy and Resources Committee, City of London, 13 October 2011.
  23. Staff, Henry Jackson Initiative, accessed 8 April 2013.
  24. Who we are Strategic Analysis, accessed 13 January 2015
  25. Nafeez Ahmed Think tank behind Tory foreign policy promotes Arab world fossil fuel hegemony The Guardian, 7 May 2014, accessed 13 January 2015
  26. [http://www.strategic-analysis.org/strategic-analysis-in-the-media/ Strategic Analysis in the media, accessed 13 January 2015
  27. Ruth Lux Strategic Analysis, accessed 13 January 2015
  28. Dr Alan Mendoza Strategic Analysis, accessed 12 January 2015
  29. Douglas Murray Strategic Analysis, accessed 13 January 2015
  30. Gary Milner Strategic Analysis, accessed 13 January 2015
  31. Robin Simcox Strategic Analysis, accessed 13 January 2015
  32. Rupert Sutton Strategic Analysis, accessed 13 January 2015
  33. Hannah Stuart Strategic Analysis, accessed 13 January 2015
  34. Emily Dyer Strategic Analysis, accessed 13 January 2015
  35. About the CRT Henry Jackson Society, accessed 13 January 2015
  36. UK Based Henry Jackson Society Launches Centre for the Response to Radicalisation and Terrorism Henry Jackson Society, 29 September 2014, accessed 13 January 2015
  37. Former HJS associate exposes organisation’s road to Islamophobia Engage, 23 August 2012, accessed 13 January 2015
  38. CRT professional staff Henry Jackson Society, accessed 13 January 2015
  39. Michael Weiss, Intervention in Syria? An Assessment of Legality, Logistics and Hazards, Henry Jackson Society, December 2011.
  40. HJS Open Letter to Prime Minister Cameron Calls for Safe Area and No-Fly Zone in Syria, Henry Jackson Society, 15 February 2012, archived at GEES.org.
  41. 41.0 41.1 Randeep Ramesh, Rightwing thinktank pulls funds for Commons groups after disclosure row, The Guardian, 30 December 2014, accessed 12 January 2015
  42. Hilary Aked, David Miller and Melissa Jones, Henry Jackson Society forced to quit Westminster role after Spinwatch complaint - APPGs discontinued, Spinwatch, 7 January 2015.
  43. Statement of Principles
  44. Neil Clark, 'Cameron is no moderate: He supports the Iraq war and tax cuts, opposes EU social policies and has neocon associations', The Guardian Monday 24 October 2005.
  45. Brendan Simms, What is the Henry Jackson Society?, Social Affairs Unit, 28 July 2006.
  46. Internet Archive, [http://web.archive.org/web/20060126204321/http://www.henryjacksonsociety.org/ Henry Jackson Society, Organising Committee, 26 January 2006]
  47. Source: Henry Jackson Society Signatories of the Statement of Principles
  48. Contact & Trustees, Henry Jackson Society, Charity Commission, accessed 13 November 2012.
  49. HJS People, Henry Jackson Society, accessed 3 August 2012
  50. Professional staff Henry Jackson Society, accessed 13 January 2015
  51. Advisory Council, Henry Jackson Society, accessed 3 August 2012
  52. Council Members Henry Jackson Society, accessed 9 January 2015
  53. HJS Event Transcript: Farah Pandith, HJS, 27 December 2007
  54. HJS Event Transcript: John Bolton, HJS, 24 December 2007
  55. HJS Event Transcript: Ariel Cohen, HJS, 24 December 2007
  56. HJS Event Transcript: Raymond Tanter, HJS, 28 December 2007
  57. HJS Event: North Korea's freedom agenda: How past example can lead to future resolution, 16 October 2008.
  58. Life Imitating Art: Will the 'West Wing election' mirror reality or can we expect a surprise result?, HJS Event, 8 October 2008, House of Commons. Room facilitated by Bruce George.
  59. Trends of Terror: Looking to the Future, 2 October 2008. Room facilitated by Lord Harris of Haringey
  60. Fighting Religious Radicalism in a Secular Age, 23 September 2008. Room facilitated by Nadine Dorries
  61. US Foreign Policy & Democracy Promotion, 16 September 2008. Room facilitated by Denis MacShane
  62. [Arabic Language Media and Extremism: Challenges & Opportunities], Event Date: 15 September 2008. Room facilitated by Theresa Villiers.
  63. Henry Jackson Society event: "After Bush: The Case for Continuity in American Foreign Policy", House of Commons, 10 July 2008. Room facilitated by Stephen Crabb
  64. Henry Jackson Society event: "UK Counter–Radicalisation Strategy: A shift from accommodation to confrontation?", House of Commons, 2 July 2008. Room facilitated by Stephen Hammond. Event co-sponsored by the Centre for Social Cohesion. Present at the event: Anthony Glees, Gary Kent. There were several diplomats present: Dr. Moto (Japanese embassy), and a Danish representative working on Muslim radicalization in Denmark.
  65. Event at House of Commons: "Obama, McCain and US Policy in the Middle East", 30 June 2008. Commons room obtained thanks to: Chris Bryant
  66. Event at House of Commons, 26 June 2008. Commons room obtained thanks to: Gisela Stewart
  67. Event at House of Commons, 23 June 2008. Commons room obtained thanks to: Gisela Stewart
  68. Event at House of Commons, 11 June 2008. Commons room obtained thanks to: Bob Laxton
  69. Event at House of Commons, 22 May 2008. Speech co-hosted by the Centre for Social Cohesion; Commons room obtained thanks to: Patrick Mercer
  70. Fixing Failed States: A Framework for Rebuilding a Fractured World, Lecture 21 May 2008, NB: By kind invitation of Tony Baldry MP
  71. Liberal Democratic Challenge to the UN: A League of Democracies? event: 19 May 2008; Accessed: 14 May 2008. Notice that Cushman suggests that there is a "liberal" challenge to the UN. In reality, the UN and its human rights arm are a pet hate of the neocons and zionists. A more sincere title would be "A Neocon challenge to the UN".
  72. The Powers to Lead - Effective Leadership in the 21st Century
  73. The US Presidential Election and Foreign Policy – event 7 May 2008; Accessed: 14 May 2008. NB: venue was sponsored "by kind invitation of Mike Gapes MP".
  74. Battling the Misconceptions in the War of Ideas Against Islamism, 11 March 2008
  75. HJS announcement for:"Russia Post-Presidential Election" 17 March 2008
  76. Iraq Policy and Extremism: An Iraqi Perspective, Undated, Accessed: 1 March 2008
  77. Iran After the National Intelligence Estimate, 5 March 2008.
  78. On Counterinsurgency: How to win in the age of asymmetric warfare, 26 February 2008.
  79. Lessons from Progress in Iraq, 25 February 2008
  80. Israel and the Palestinians Post Annapolis & Bush's Middle East Visit, 18 February 2008
  81. Iran's Nuclear File - What can Europe do?, HJS, 6 February 2008.
  82. A Forward Strategy for Democracy Promotion in 2008 and Beyond, 21 January 2008.
  83. Chechnya Peace Forum Events, accessed 4 September 2010
  84. Global Power Europe (Accessed: 1 March 2008)
  85. Worldview(Accessed: 1 March 2008)
  86. YPFP London (Accessed: 1 March 2008)
  87. NGO Coalition Member