Difference between revisions of "Competitive Enterprise Institute"

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Competitive Enterprise Institute, founded in 1984, “has grown into a $3,000,000 institution with a team of nearly 40 policy experts and other staff”[1].
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'''Competitive Enterprise Institute''', founded in 1984, says it "has grown into a $3,000,000 institution with a team of nearly 40 policy experts and other staff".<ref>"[http://web.archive.org/web/20020127163935/http://www.cei.org/pages/about.cfm About CEI]", Competitive Enterprise Institute website, version placed in web archive January 27 2002, accessed in web archive April 27 2009</ref>
  
One of the most important and vociferous anti-environmental think tanks in Washington, it is the main climate sceptic organisation in Washington as well as promoting “Sound Science” and denigrating environmentalists.  
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One of the most important and vociferous anti-environmental think tanks in Washington, it is the main climate change-sceptical organisation in Washington as well as promoting "Sound Science" and denigrating environmentalists.  
  
Described by PR Watch as “an ideologically-driven, well-funded front for corporations opposed to safety and environmental regulations that affect the way they do business”[2].
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It is described by PR Watch as "an ideologically-driven, well-funded front for corporations opposed to safety and environmental regulations that affect the way they do business".<ref>"[http://web.archive.org/web/20011107223849/http://www.prwatch.org/improp/cei.html Impropaganda Review: Competitive Enterprise Institute]",  PR Watch, version placed in web archive 7 November 2001, accessed in web archive 27 April 2009</ref>
  
It has close working relationship with other right wing think tanks as well as the Wise Use movement. It is a member of the Wise Use umbrella organisation, the Alliance for America[3].  
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It has close working relationship with other right wing think tanks as well as the [[Wise Use Movement]]. It is a member of the Wise Use umbrella organisation, the [[Alliance for America]]. {{ref|3}}
  
== Funding ==
 
  
CEI does not publish a list of its institutional donors, but the following companies and foundations are known to have given $10,000 or more:
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==Projects/Issues==
*[[Aequus Institute]]
 
*[[Amoco Foundation]]
 
*[[Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation]]
 
*[[Carthage Foundation]]
 
*[[Scaife Foundations]]
 
*[[Coca-Cola Company]]
 
*[[E.L. Craig Foundation]]
 
*[[CSX Corporation]]
 
*[[Earhart Foundation]]
 
*[[Fieldstead and Co]]
 
*[[FMC Foundation]]
 
*[[Ford Motor Company Fund]]
 
*[[Gilder Foundation]]
 
*[[Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation]]
 
*[[David H. Koch Charitable Foundation]]
 
*[[Claude R. Lambe Charitable Foundation]]
 
*[[Philip M. McKenna Foundation, Inc]]
 
*[[Curtis and Edith Munson Foundation]]
 
*[[Philip Morris Companies, Inc]] 
 
*[[Pfizer]]
 
*[[Precision Valve Corporation]]
 
*[[Prince Foundation]]
 
*[[Rodney Fund]]
 
*[[Sheldon Rose]]
 
*[[Sarah Scaife Foundation]]
 
*[[Texaco]]; Texaco Foundation
 
 
 
Other known CEI funders include:
 
*[[American Petroleum Institute]]
 
*[[ARCO Foundation]]
 
*[[Armstrong Foundation]]
 
*[[Burlington Northern Railroad Co]]
 
*[[Cigna Corporation]]
 
*[[Detroit Farming Inc]]
 
*[[Dow Chemical]]
 
*[[EBCO Corp]]
 
*[[General Motors]]
 
*[[IBM]]
 
*[[Jacqueline Hume Foundation]]
 
*[[JM Foundation]]
 
*[[Vernon K. Krieble Foundation]] 
 
*[[John William Pope Foundation]]
 
*[[Smith Richardson Foundation]]
 
*[[Roe Foundation]] 
 
*[[Alex C. Walker Foundation]] [4]
 
 
   
 
   
Exxon has donated $1 million to the [[CEI]] since 1998[5].
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CEI belongs to various conservative alliances, including the [[Alliance for America]], [[Get Government Off Our Backs]], the [[National Consumer Coalition]] (a pro-corporate front group headed by [[Frances Smith]], the wife of CEI founder [[Fred Smith]]), and the [[Environmental Education Working Group]] (EEWG), a national umbrella group for organizations working to undermine environmental education in schools. It also sponsors several other subsidiary organizations, including:
  
== Principals ==
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*[[Center for Private Conservation]] A green-sounding front group that opposes environmental regulations by claiming that "free market" solutions work better.
  
*[[Jack Kemp]] – the CEI’s “Distinguished Fellow” served four years as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and as the U.S. Representative from New York state (18 years). In 1996, he was nominated by then Senator Bob Dole as the Republican Party's vice presidential candidate[6]
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*[[Cooler Heads Coalition]]
*[[Fred L. Smith, Jr]] - President and Founder, Competitive Enterprise Institute,
 
*[[Jody Clarke]] - Vice President for Communications
 
*[[Gregory Conko]] - Director of Food Safety Policy - Mr. Conko is also the Vice President and a member of the Board of Directors of the AgBioWorld Foundation. Writes for Tech Central Station (see below)
 
*[[Myron Ebell]] - Director of Global Warming and International Environmental Policy - oversees all global warming and international environmental work at CEI. He also chairs the Cooler Heads Coalition, the subgroup of the National Consumers Coalition that works to debunk climate change. Prior to coming to CEI, Ebell was policy director at Frontiers of Freedom (see below) and the Washington representative of Wise Use group the American Land Rights Association run by Chuck Cushman (see above). Ebell’s financial file is separate.
 
*[[Christopher C. Horner]] - Counsel, Cooler Heads Coalition and Senior Fellow, CEI. Another Tech Central Station contributor[7].
 
*[[Ben Lieberman]] - Director of Clean Air Policy. Also writes for Tech Central Station[8]
 
*[[Angela Logomasini]] - Director of Risk and Environmental Policy – was Legislative Assistant to Senator Sam Brownback from 1996-1998. From 1989 to 1994, Logomasini worked for the front group Citizens for a Sound Economy (CSE), serving as Director of Solid Waste Policy for its affiliate, Citizens for the Environment[9]
 
*[[Iain Murray]] - Senior Fellow at CEI, specializing in global climate change and environmental science. Murray edits Cooler Heads, the biweekly newsletter of the Cooler Heads Coalition. He regularly writes on climate and other issues for Tech Central Station[10].
 
 
 
===Scholars /Fellows===
 
 
 
*Ronald Bailey - Editor: Earth Report 2000. Is the science correspondent for Reason magazine and, most recently, the editor of the Competitive Enterprise Institute book Global Warming and Other Eco-Myths[11] published by Prima Publishing. He is also the author of ECO-SCAM: The False Prophets of the Ecological Apocalypse.
 
*Roger Bate - Adjunct Fellow – see listing under the American Enterprise Institute
 
*Robert L. Bradley Jr. - adjunct scholar of the Cato Institute
 
*Paul Georgia - an environmental policy analyst at CEI. He specializes in global-warming issues and also edits the biweekly coalition “Cooler Heads” newsletter. Also writes for Tech Central Station.
 
*Michael S. Greve - Board Member and Adjunct Scholar  - Greve is also a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute.
 
*Dr. Kay Jones - is the head of Zephyr Consulting, a Seattle-based environmental consulting firm, an “expert” with the CEI and adjunct fellow at the Cato Institute.
 
*Marlo Lewis, Jr - a Senior Fellow on global warming, general environmental and regulatory reform. Ex- Director of External Relations at the Reason Foundation in Los Angeles. Another contributor to Tech Central Station[12].
 
*Henry I. Miller - Hoover Institution Research Fellow. Miller is also a director of Consumer Alert, a director of the American Council on Science and Health; and a scientific advisor to the George C. Marshall Institute and adjunct fellow at the CEI[13].
 
*Cassandra C. Moore - Adjunct Scholar with the Cato Institute
 
*Robert H. Nelson - Senior Fellow in Environmental Studies
 
*William O'Keefe - Board Member and Adjunct Scholar. President and founder of Solutions Consulting. Ex –executive Vice President and CEO of the American Petroleum Institute and Chairman Emeritus of the Global Climate Coalition. He is also President of the George C. Marshall Institute – See below.
 
*C.S. Prakash - is professor of pant genetics at Tuskeegee University in Alabama, and a co-founder of the AgBioWorld Foundation and AgBioWorld website (see below).
 
*Fran Smith - Member, Board of Directors - executive director of the Wise Use group Consumer Alert and wise of Fred Smith, the President of CEI. 
 
*Robert J. Smith - Senior Environmental Scholar.
 
 
 
===Board===
 
 
 
*William Dunn - President, DUNN Capital Management – on the board of PERC and Reason Foundation
 
*Scott Fallon – BEA Systems, Inc.
 
*Michael S. Greve - Resident Scholar, American Enterprise Institute
 
*Leonard Liggio - Vice President, Atlas Economic Research Foundation
 
*Thomas Gale Moore - Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution
 
*William O'Keefe - President and Founder, Solutions Consulting
 
*Frances Smith - Executive Director, Consumer Alert
 
*Fred L. Smith, Jr. - President and Founder, Competitive Enterprise Institute,
 
 
 
==Projects / Issues==
 
 
CEI belongs to various conservative alliances, including the Alliance for America, Get Government Off Our Backs, the National Consumer Coalition (a pro-corporate front group headed by Frances Smith, the wife of CEI founder Fred Smith), and the Environmental Education Working Group (EEWG), a national umbrella group for organizations working to undermine environmental education in schools. It also sponsors several other subsidiary organizations, including:
 
  
*[[Center for Private Conservation]] - a green-sounding front group that opposes environmental regulations by claiming that "free market" solutions work better.
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*[[Center for Environmental Education Research]] Michael Sanera's organization based in Washington, D.C. {{ref|14}}
*[[Cooler Heads Coalition]]
 
*[[Center for Environmental Education Research]] - Michael Sanera's organization based in Washington, D.C[14]
 
  
===Gregory Conko and Prakash – pro-biotech===
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==Conko and Prakash – Pro-Biotech==
  
Conko and Prakash are two of the most vociferous proponents of biotech in the US. Prakash is professor of pant genetics at Tuskeegee University in Alabama, and a co-founder of the AgBioWorld Foundation along with Conko. According to his biography : “Dr. Prakash has also been actively involved in enhancing the societal awareness of food biotechnology issues around the world. His Internet website www.AgBioWorld.org has become an important portal, disseminating information and promoting discussion on this subject among stakeholders such as scientists, policy makers, activists and journalists. He recently served on the USDA's Agricultural Biotechnology Advisory Committee and continues to serve on the Advisory Committee for the Department of Biotechnology for the government of India”[15].
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CEI affiliates [[Gregory Conko]] and [[C.S. Prakash]] are two of the most vociferous proponents of biotech in the US. Prakash is professor of plant genetics at Tuskeegee University in Alabama, and a co-founder of the [[AgBioWorld]] Foundation along with Conko. According to his biography, "Dr. Prakash has also been actively involved in enhancing the societal awareness of food biotechnology issues around the world. His Internet website http://www.AgBioWorld.org has become an important portal, disseminating information and promoting discussion on this subject among stakeholders such as scientists, policy makers, activists and journalists. He recently served on the [[USDA]]'s [[Agricultural Biotechnology Advisory Committee]] and continues to serve on the Advisory Committee for the Department of Biotechnology for the government of India". {{ref|15}}
  
Prakash claims that his newsletter ‘AgBioView’ is read by more than 4,000 experts in 55 countries, which is “widely recognized as a premier news outlet on agbiotech issues because of its broad focus on technical, societal and ethical issues. [16]”
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Prakash claims that his newsletter 'AgBioView' is read by more than 4,000 experts in 55 countries, and is "widely recognized as a premier news outlet on agbiotech issues because of its broad focus on technical, societal and ethical issues". {{ref|16}}
  
But some of the material on agbioview is highly circumspect. According to GMwatch: “Prakash also shares the antipathy of the extreme right towards those with environmental concerns. Some of the material he has posted on his AgBioView list has accused critics of GM crops of fascism, communism, imperialism, nihilism, murder, corruption, terrorism, and even genocide; as well as of being worse than Hitler and on a par with the mass murderers who destroyed the World Trade Centre”[17].
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But some of the material on AgBioView is highly suspect. According to GMWatch, "Prakash also shares the antipathy of the extreme right towards those with environmental concerns. Some of the material he has posted on his [[AgBioView]] list has accused critics of GM crops of fascism, communism, imperialism, nihilism, murder, corruption, terrorism, and even genocide; as well as of being worse than Hitler and on a par with the mass murderers who destroyed the World Trade Centre". {{ref|17}}
  
Also the Agbioview list was central in undermining important research published by Nature that concluded that maize in Mexico had been contaminated. Some of the most virulent attacks against the research were on AgBioView discussion group. Prakash says that the AgBioWorld website ‘played a fairly important role in putting public pressure on Nature.”[18]
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Also the [[AgBioView]] list was central in undermining important research published by [[Nature]] that concluded that maize in Mexico had been contaminated. Some of the most virulent attacks against the research were on AgBioView discussion group. Prakash says that the AgBioWorld website "played a fairly important role in putting public pressure on Nature." {{ref|18}}
  
The first attacks on the website were traced back to false emails linked to Monsanto’s PR company Bivings and Monsanto itself. There are also unresolved issues whether AgBioWorld had also been set up by Bivings[19].   
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The first attacks on the website were traced back to false e-mails linked to [[Monsanto]]’s PR company [[Bivings]] and Monsanto itself. There are also unresolved issues on whether AgBioWorld had also been set up by [[Bivings]]. {{ref|19}}  
  
Prakash was also at the announcement in May 2003 by U.S. Trade Representative Robert B. Zoellick and Agriculture Secretary Ann M. Veneman that the United States joined with Argentina, Canada, and Egypt would file a World Trade Organization (WTO) case against the European Union (EU) over its “illegal five-year moratorium on approving agricultural biotech products”.  
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Prakash was also at the announcement in May 2003 by US Trade Representative [[Robert B. Zoellick]] and Agriculture Secretary [[Ann Veneman]] that the United States - joined with Argentina, Canada, and Egypt - would file a [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO) case against the [[European Union]] (EU) over its "illegal five-year moratorium on approving agricultural biotech products".  
  
Also at the announcement were T.J. Buthelezi, a farmer of biotech crops from South Africa; Dr. Diran Makinde, Dean of the School of Agriculture, University of Venda for Science and Technology, South Africa; and Dr. Ariel Alvarez-Morales, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Irapuato, Mexico[20]. Conko was also at the press conference.
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Also at the announcement were [[T.J. Buthelezi]], a farmer of biotech crops from South Africa; Dr. [[Diran Makinde]], Dean of the School of Agriculture, University of Venda for Science and Technology, South Africa; and Dr. [[Ariel Alvarez-Morales]], Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Irapuato, Mexico. {{ref|20}} Conko was also at the press conference.
  
Later that day, all the above appeared at a CEI seminar in Washington to speak out against the European Union’s moratorium on trade in genetically engineered foods. Agricultural experts from around the world will discuss the negative impact of the EU moratorium on the developing world and urge the United States government to mount a World Trade Organization challenge”.
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Later that day, all the above appeared at a CEI seminar in Washington "to speak out against the European Union's moratorium on trade in genetically engineered foods. Agricultural experts from around the world will discuss the negative impact of the EU moratorium on the developing world and urge the United States government to mount a World Trade Organization challenge".
  
The conference was addressed by Conko, Prakash and Nobel Prize winner and GM proponent Norman Borlaug, as well as Professor Makinde, Dr. Ariel Alvarez-Morales and T.J. Buthelezi.[21] Buthelezi has been paid by Monsanto and the biotech industry. GM Watch notes that “with their assistance he has been brought to Washington, Brussels, Pretoria, St Louis, London, Johannesburg, and Philadelphia to help promote GM foods”[22].
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The conference was addressed by Conko, Prakash and Nobel Prize winner and GM proponent [[Norman Borlaug]], as well as [[Professor Makinde]], Dr. [[Ariel Alvarez-Morales]] and [[TJ Buthelezi]]. {{ref|21}} Buthelezi has been paid by Monsanto and the biotech industry. GM Watch notes that "with their assistance he has been brought to Washington, Brussels, Pretoria, St. Louis, London, Johannesburg, and Philadelphia to help promote GM foods". {{ref|22}}
  
Conko used the conference to argue that: ““The European Union’s refusal to license new biotech crops is a clear and blatant violation of its obligations under trade treaties it has signed and ratified,said Competitive Enterprise Institute Director of Food Safety Policy Gregory Conko. “More importantly, it poses a genuine threat to the health and well-being of people throughout the developing world.”[23]
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Conko used the conference to argue that, "The European Union's refusal to license new biotech crops is a clear and blatant violation of its obligations under trade treaties it has signed and ratified," said Competitive Enterprise Institute Director of Food Safety Policy [[Gregory Conko]]. "More importantly, it poses a genuine threat to the health and well-being of people throughout the developing world." {{ref|23}}
  
Both Prakash and Conko work with other biotech proponents. Prakash has travelled overseas to speak at a number of events on behalf of the U.S. State Department, including at the U.S. embassy in London. He has also spoken at a debate staged by the right-wing Institute of Economic Affairs in London in 2000[24], and at the Seeds of Opportunity conference chaired by British contrarian Philip Stott in 2001. Also attending were known GM proponents such as Phil Dale, from the John Innes Center, and Lord Taverne from Sense About Science and leading members of the UK’s Royal Society.[25]
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Both Prakash and Conko work with other biotech proponents. Prakash has travelled overseas to speak at a number of events on behalf of the US State Department, including at the US embassy in London. He has also spoken at a debate staged by the right-wing [[Institute of Economic Affairs]] in London in 2000, {{ref|24}} and at the [[Seeds of Opportunity]] conference chaired by British contrarian [[Philip Stott]] in 2001. Also attending were known GM proponents such as [[Phil Dale]], from the [[John Innes Center]], and Lord [[Dick Taverne]] from [[Sense About Science]] as well as leading members of the UK's [[Royal Society]]. {{ref|25}}
  
Conko has also worked with other right-wing activists such as Kendra Okonski, who used to be at the CEI and who now works at the IPN on trade related issues, calling for “more open trade, lower subsidies and better protection of property rights”[26].
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Conko has also worked with other right-wing activists such as [[Kendra Okonski]], who used to be at the CEI and who now works at the [[IPN]] on trade related issues, calling for "more open trade, lower subsidies and better protection of property rights". {{ref|26}}
  
He has written articles with Henry Miller of the CEI and Hoover, one of which argues that the “new biotechnology” pose no inherent risks” despite evidence to the contrary[27]. Another article on biotechnology suggests that the UN Biosafety Protocol was based on “trade protectionism” and “anti-science fearmongering”[28], which was originally published on the European Science and Economic Forum website (see below)[29].
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He has written articles with [[Henry I. Miller]] of the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]] and [[Hoover Institution]], one of which argues that the "new biotechnology pose no inherent risks" despite evidence to the contrary. {{ref|27}} Another article on biotechnology suggests that the [[UN Biosafety Protocol]] was based on "trade protectionism" and "anti-science fearmongering", {{ref|28}} which was originally published on the [[European Science and Economic Forum]] website (see below). {{ref|29}}
  
In March 2003 Conko took part in a debate on 'GM food: should labelling be mandatory?' which was organised by the ex-Living Marxism organisation Spiked (see below) and the International Policy Network, at the London office of PR company Hill and Knowlton[30]. At the meeting Conko argued against any requirement to label GM foods[31].
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In March 2003 Conko took part in a debate on 'GM food: should labelling be mandatory?' which was organised by the ex-[[Living Marxism]] organisation [[Spiked]] and the [[International Policy Network]], at the London office of PR company [[Hill and Knowlton]]. {{ref|30}} At the meeting Conko argued against any requirement to label GM foods. {{ref|31}}
  
 
===Climate===  
 
===Climate===  
  
The CEI has a long-standing opposition to Kyoto and to debunking climate science. In 1996, RJ Smith said that “after the U.S. State Department announced they were going to call for mandatory controls in Kyoto, we said, ‘What do we do? How do we stop this?At a strategy meeting held in November 1996, participants included Ray Evans from Australia's Western Mining Corporation, along with a senior world vice-president for Ford Motors, the then American Petroleum Institute Executive Director William O'Keefe, and Dick Lawson, the executive director of the U.S. National Mining Association[32].
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The CEI has a long-standing opposition to [[Kyoto]] and a commitment to debunking climate science. In 1996, [[RJ Smith]] said that "after the US State Department announced they were going to call for mandatory controls in Kyoto, we said, 'What do we do? How do we stop this?'" At a strategy meeting held in November 1996, participants included [[Ray Evans]] from Australia's [[Western Mining Corporation]], along with a senior world vice-president for [[Ford Motors]], the then [[American Petroleum Institute]] Executive Director [[William O'Keefe]], and [[Dick Lawson]], the executive director of the US [[National Mining Association]]. {{ref|32}}
  
In February, Fed Smith warned that the insurance industry may use climate change as a way of off-loading liability onto taxpayers, comments that were dismissed by the insurance industry[33].
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In February, [[Fred Smith]] warned that the insurance industry may use climate change as a way of off-loading liability onto taxpayers, comments that were dismissed by the insurance industry. {{ref|33}}
  
In July 1997 the CEI held the first of its anti-Kyoto conferences in Washington. Entitled “The Costs of Kyoto”, the speakers included Fran Smith from the Wise Use group Consumer Alert, Patrick Michaels from Cato Institute and British contrarian Wilfred Beckerman from Oxford University. There was also Australian Embassy Chief of Mission Paul O'Sullivan and Brian Fisher from the Australian Bureau of Agriculture and Resource Economics (ABARE), whose funders include Rio Tinto, Texaco; Mobil Oil; Exxon; the Australian Coal Association; the Australian Aluminum Council; and Statoil, the Norwegian oil company[37]. Beckerman is author of Small is stupid – Blowing the Whistle on the Greens which argues that global warming is “no cause for alarm”[38].
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In July 1997 the CEI held the first of its anti-Kyoto conferences in Washington. Entitled "The Costs of Kyoto", the speakers included [[Fran Smith]] from the [[Wise Use]] group [[Consumer Alert]], [[Patrick Michaels]] from [[Cato Institute]] and British contrarian [[Wilfred Beckerman]] from Oxford University. There was also Australian Embassy Chief of Mission [[Paul O'Sullivan]] and [[Brian Fisher]] from the [[Australian Bureau of Agriculture and Resource Economics]] (ABARE), whose funders include [[Rio Tinto]], [[Texaco]], [[Mobil Oil]], [[Exxon]], the [[Australian Coal Association]], the [[Australian Aluminum Council]] and [[Statoil]], the Norwegian oil company. {{ref|37}} Beckerman is author of ''Small Is Stupid: Blowing the Whistle on the Greens'' which argues that global warming is "no cause for alarm". {{ref|38}}
  
Next came a conference in Canberra, whose speakers included .S. Senator Malcolm Wallop, who chairs the Frontiers of Freedom Institute (see below) who said: "This conference is the first shot across the bow of those who expect to champion the Kyoto Treaty,"
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Next came a conference in Canberra, whose speakers included US Senator [[Malcolm Wallop]], who chairs the [[Frontiers of Freedom Institute]], who said: "This conference is the first shot across the bow of those who expect to champion the Kyoto Treaty".
  
Other speakers were Patrick Michaels from Cato again, along with U.S. Senator Chuck Hagel (known sceptic), U.S. Congressman John Dingell (known sceptic), and Richard Lawson, President and Chief Executive Officer of the US National Mining Association[39]. Later that year they worked with the Heartland Institute to expose “the junk science and flawed economics often used in the debate over global warming."[40]
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Other speakers were [[Patrick Michaels]] from [[Cato]] again, along with US Senator [[Chuck Hagel]] (known sceptic), US Congressman [[John Dingell]] (known sceptic), and [[Richard Lawson]], President and Chief Executive Officer of the US [[National Mining Association]]. {{ref|39}} Later that year they worked with the [[Heartland Institute]] to expose "the junk science and flawed economics often used in the debate over global warming." {{ref|40}}
  
In the run up to Kyoto, the CEI employed a double PR strategy of singing the benefits of climate change and also talking about the economic catastrophe that was Kyoto. Fred Smith argued there were four benefits of climate change "The growth rate of plants would increase faster than anyone thinks possible. Agricultural growing regions would expand northward. There'd be a reduction in heating needs, which is more than the cost of cooling. And warm is healthy”[41].
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In the run up to Kyoto, the CEI employed a double PR strategy of singing the benefits of climate change and also talking about the economic catastrophe that was [[Kyoto]]. [[Fred Smith]] argued there were four benefits of climate change: "The growth rate of plants would increase faster than anyone thinks possible. Agricultural growing regions would expand northward. There'd be a reduction in heating needs, which is more than the cost of cooling. And warm is healthy". {{ref|41}}
  
CEI statements also argued that climate change would create “a milder, greener, more prosperous world” and that Kyoto was a “power grab based on deception and fear[42]. The CEI also organised a rally of the Cooler Heads Coalition, where leading climate sceptic Republican Sen. Chuck Hagel of Nebraska warned that Kyoto would create an ''economic disaster'' and hurt US national security[43].
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CEI statements also argued that climate change would create "a milder, greener, more prosperous world" and that Kyoto was a "power grab based on deception and fear". {{ref|42}} The CEI also organised a rally of the [[Cooler Heads Coalition]], where leading climate sceptic Republican Senator [[Chuck Hagel]] of Nebraska warned that Kyoto would create an "economic disaster" and hurt US national security. {{ref|43}}
  
Jonathan Adler, then of the CEI dismissed fear’s about climate change: “Indeed, the more that is known, the less it seems that humans have to fear from global warming. The indications are that a warmer world would be far more benign than previously imagined. One recent study found no indication that global warming would produce killer heat waves in urban areas, environmentalist claims notwithstanding. Another in the British journal Nature suggested that global warming poses little threat to polar ice caps. Indeed, the report suggested that some ice shelves should expand, not melt, if the Earth warms. So much for the greenhouse apocalypse”[44].
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[[Jonathan Adler]], then of the CEI, dismissed fears about climate change: "Indeed, the more that is known, the less it seems that humans have to fear from global warming. The indications are that a warmer world would be far more benign than previously imagined. One recent study found no indication that global warming would produce killer heat waves in urban areas, environmentalist claims notwithstanding. Another in the British journal ''Nature'' suggested that global warming poses little threat to polar ice caps. Indeed, the report suggested that some ice shelves should expand, not melt, if the Earth warms. So much for the greenhouse apocalypse". {{ref|44}}
  
In 1999, the let up did not continue. Kyoto would “kills small business”[45] the “unusual weather does not equal climate change.”[46] GOP Contender Dan Quayle lambasted Al Gore at the CEI saying accusing him of promoting a global warming policy based on findings that were “highly debatable” with "no scientific consensus.[47]"  
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In 1999, similar or related claims were to follow. Kyoto would "kill small business". {{ref|45}} The "unusual weather does not equal climate change." {{ref|46}} GOP Contender [[Dan Quayle]] lambasted [[Al Gore]] at the CEI, accusing him of promoting a global warming policy based on findings that were "highly debatable" with "no scientific consensus." {{ref|47}}  
  
It continued to work against Kyoto through 2000. In October the CEI filed a lawsuit against the then President Clinton, alleging he illegally expanded the scope of, and spending on, a report by the U.S. Global Change Research Program on climate change for political reasons which would have assisted Vice President Gore's presidential campaign. “At this point, [the national assessment] is opinion and advocacy, not science," said Christopher Horner, from CEI "That's not what Congress asked for." Co-plaintiffs included Reps. Joseph Knollenberg (R-Mich.) and Jo Ann Emerson (R-Mo.), Sen. James Inhofe (R-Okla.), Consumer Alert, 60-Plus Association, and the Heartland Institute[48]
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The CEI continued to work against Kyoto through 2000. In October they filed a lawsuit against the then President [[Bill Clinton]], alleging he illegally expanded the scope of, and spending on, a report by the US [[Global Change Research Program]] on climate change for political reasons which would have assisted Vice President Gore's presidential campaign. "At this point, [the national assessment] is opinion and advocacy, not science," said [[Christopher Horner]] from CEI, adding, "That's not what Congress asked for." Co-plaintiffs included Reps. [[Joseph Knollenberg]] (R-Mich.) and [[Jo Ann Emerson]] (R-Mo.), Sen. [[James Inhofe]] (R-Okla.), [[Consumer Alert]], [[60-Plus Association]], and the [[Heartland Institute]]. {{ref|48}}
  
In January 2001, With Clinton gone, the CEI attacked the IPCC’s scientists who predicted that the earth's temperature could rise by as much as 5.8 degrees Celsius over the coming century. Myron Ebell retorted that "The summary's scary predictions of much faster warming are based on discredited global climate computer models.[49]”
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In January 2001, with Clinton gone, the CEI attacked the [[IPCC]]'s scientists who predicted that the Earth's temperature could rise by as much as 5.8 degrees Celsius over the coming century. [[Myron Ebell]] retorted that, "The summary's scary predictions of much faster warming are based on discredited global climate computer models." {{ref|49}}
  
March 2001 signalled the true intent of the Bush administration and the CEI claimed to play an intricate part in helping formulate its position. Firstly, President Bush “stunned environmentalist” by reversing a campaign pledge that his administration would not regulate power plants' emissions of carbon dioxide as a pollutant. The CEI claimed a “great victory and everyone should congratulate themselves on the work they did to achieve this end."”[50].
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March 2001 signalled the true intent of the Bush administration and the CEI claimed to play an intricate part in helping formulate its position. Firstly, President Bush "stunned environmentalists" by reversing a campaign pledge that his administration would not regulate power plants' emissions of carbon dioxide as a pollutant. The CEI claimed a "great victory and everyone should congratulate themselves on the work they did to achieve this end." {{ref|50}}
  
A letter from Adjunct Fellow Jack Kemp who served for 18 years in the House of representatives as a Republican praised the Bush Administration over its handling of climate change. His letter credited the CEI with providing Bush with the ‘intellectual support and political cover to ‘do the right thing’ on carbon dioxide emissions”. Myron Ebell claimed that the Kyoto Protocol was now “a walking corpse. We want to keep that corpse walking as long as possible”.[51] Kemp labelled Kyoto as “eco-extremism” based on “phony science” and “fear-mongering”[52].
+
A letter from Adjunct Fellow [[Jack Kemp]], who served for 18 years in the House of representatives as a Republican, praised the Bush Administration over its handling of climate change. His letter credited the CEI with providing Bush with the "intellectual support and political cover to 'do the right thing' on carbon dioxide emissions". [[Myron Ebell]] claimed that the [[Kyoto Protocol]] was now "a walking corpse. We want to keep that corpse walking as long as possible". {{ref|51}} Kemp labelled Kyoto as "eco-extremism" based on "phony science" and "fear-mongering". {{ref|52}}
  
Secondly, the Bush Administration rejected the Kyoto Protocol. “We had been working towards it”, said Myron Ebell, “But it's so surprising because its a bold move, so decisive and so unlike his father, who would have fudged or have done something to paper it over”[53].
+
Secondly, the Bush Administration rejected the Kyoto Protocol. "We had been working towards it," said [[Myron Ebell]], "But it's so surprising because its a bold move, so decisive and so unlike his father, who would have fudged or have done something to paper it over." {{ref|53}}
  
“Leading opponents of the Kyoto Protocol” put forward by the CEI included Myron Ebell, Christopher Horner, Frances Smith, the chairman of the National Consumers Coalition, Paul Georgia of the Cooler Heads newsletter, and John Carlisle from the National Center for Public Policy Research (subsequently the Capital Research Center)[54].
+
"Leading opponents of the Kyoto Protocol" put forward by the CEI included [[Myron Ebell]], [[Christopher Horner]], [[Frances Smith]], the chairman of the [[National Consumers Coalition]], [[Paul Georgia]] of the [[Cooler Heads]] newsletter, and [[John Carlisle]] from the [[National Center for Public Policy Research]] (subsequently the [[Capital Research Center]]). {{ref|54}}
  
The CEI was also active in opposing any members of the Clinton administration left in post by the incoming Bush team, one of whom was Ian Bowles, in charge of international environmental issues at the National Security Council. “We thought the election was a break in policies” Myron Ebell said " . . . [Bowles] is a zealot who believes that global warming is a problem and that Kyoto is the answer. It seems to me the administration would be better served by getting people who represented the Bush administration much more quickly”[55]. It was no surprise therefore that Myron Ebell was named Villain of the Month by Clean Air Trust for his “ferocious lobbying charge to persuade President Bush to reverse his campaign pledge to control electric utility emissions of carbon dioxide."  
+
The CEI was also active in opposing any members of the Clinton administration left in post by the incoming Bush team, one of whom was [[Ian Bowles]], in charge of international environmental issues at the [[National Security Council]]. "We thought the election was a break in policies," said Myron Ebell. "...[Bowles] is a zealot who believes that global warming is a problem and that Kyoto is the answer. It seems to me the administration would be better served by getting people who represented the Bush administration much more quickly." {{ref|55}} It was no surprise therefore that Myron Ebell was named Villain of the Month by [[Clean Air Trust]] for his "ferocious lobbying charge to persuade President Bush to reverse his campaign pledge to control electric utility emissions of carbon dioxide."  
  
Later that year Ebell was still talking about the “benign” effects of climate change” and attacked the IPCC as “alarmist in order to support the global warming treaty. If they didn't do it, they would be out of a job”[56].
+
Later that year Ebell was still talking about the "benign" effects of climate change and attacked the [[IPCC]] as "alarmist in order to support the global warming treaty. If they didn't do it, they would be out of a job." {{ref|56}}
  
In early 2002, when Bush outlined his “Clean Skies proposals for clean air and to tackle climate change Myron Ebell called it "a misguided concession to environmental alarmism." Meanwhile the plan was attacked by environmentalists “Carl Pope, executive director of the Sierra Club, called the program a "Valentine's Day gift to corporate polluters" that "will do nothing to curb global warming[57]."
+
In early 2002, when Bush outlined his "Clean Skies" proposals for clean air and to tackle climate change, [[Myron Ebell]] called it "a misguided concession to environmental alarmism." Meanwhile the plan was attacked by environmentalists. [[Carl Pope]], executive director of the [[Sierra Club]], called the program a "Valentine's Day gift to corporate polluters" that "will do nothing to curb global warming." {{ref|57}}
  
In May 2002, the US EPA, in consultation with other departments, published the Climate Action Report 2002, to be submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention’s Climate Change secretariat. The report warned that climate change was a clear and present threat to the US, based on predictions from modelling undertaken by the respected Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research in the UK[58]. It stated: Greenhouse gases are accumulating in the earth's atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing global mean surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise”[59].
+
In May 2002, the US [[EPA]], in consultation with other departments, published the [[Climate Action Report 2002]], to be submitted to the [[United Nations Framework Convention]]'s Climate Change secretariat. The report warned that climate change was a clear and present threat to the US, based on predictions from modelling undertaken by the respected [[Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research]] in the UK. {{ref|58}} It stated: "Greenhouse gases are accumulating in the earth's atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing global mean surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise." {{ref|59}}
  
The Competitive Enterprise Institute was at the centre of overt and covert action to undermine the US EPA’s report on climate change and change the Bush administration position
+
The Competitive Enterprise Institute was at the centre of overt and covert action to undermine the US EPA's report on climate change and change the Bush administration position.
  
 
Firstly the CEI claimed that the EPA report violated an agreement made in September 2001 between the White House, CEI and other groups and three members of Congress settling a lawsuit challenging a national climate change assessment report released in 2000 by the Clinton administration.
 
Firstly the CEI claimed that the EPA report violated an agreement made in September 2001 between the White House, CEI and other groups and three members of Congress settling a lawsuit challenging a national climate change assessment report released in 2000 by the Clinton administration.
  
“For the EPA now to accept the National Assessment's findings as valid undermines and contradicts President Bush's global warming policies”, said Ebell. "The EPA needs to be told that the Clinton Administration is gone and Al Gore did not win the election." According to CEI, the Bush administration agreed to withdraw and repudiate the 2000 report after that document was challenged in a lawsuit brought by Sen. James Inhofe (R-Okla.), Reps. Joe Knollenberg (R-Mich.) and Jo Ann Emerson (R-Mo.), CEI and other right-wing groups, who claimed it was based on “junk science”[60].
+
"For the EPA now to accept the National Assessment's findings as valid undermines and contradicts President Bush's global warming policies," said Ebell. "The EPA needs to be told that the Clinton Administration is gone and Al Gore did not win the election." According to the CEI, the Bush administration agreed to withdraw and repudiate the 2000 report after that document was challenged in a lawsuit brought by Sen. [[James Inhofe]] (R-Okla.), Reps. [[Joe Knollenberg]] (R-Mich.) and [[Jo Ann Emerson]] (R-Mo.), as well as CEI and other right-wing groups, who claimed it was based on "junk science". {{ref|60}}
 
 
A leaked email from Myron Ebell, dated, 3rd June 2002, to Phil Cooney, chief of staff at the White House Council on Environmental Quality, started by saying “Thanks for calling and asking for our help.” It then goes on to say “I want to help you cool things down.” The email discusses possible tactics for playing down the report and getting rid of EPA officials, including its then head, Christine Whitman. “It seems to me that the folks at the EPA are the obvious fall guys and we would only hope that the fall guy (or gal) should be as high up as possible”[61].
 
 
 
Ebell advised Cooney that he was “willing and ready to help, but it won’t be possible to do much without some sort of backtracking from the Administration.”
 
 
 
Just two days later, Bush repudiated the EPA report as having been “put out by the bureaucracy," reiterating his opposition to the Kyoto protocol. "The Kyoto treaty would severely damage the United States economy," he said. "And I don't accept that.”[62]
 
  
Christopher C. Horner welcomed the move saying that Mr. Bush had distanced himself from the report “because of concern from the right that he was going to accept the European environmental world view, that he had changed his mind as the report indicated he had”[63].  
+
A leaked e-mail from dated 3rd June 2002 from [[Myron Ebell]] to [[Phil Cooney]], chief of staff at the [[White House Council on Environmental Quality]], started by saying "Thanks for calling and asking for our help." It then goes on to say, "I want to help you cool things down." The e-mail discusses possible tactics for playing down the report and getting rid of EPA officials, including its then head, [[Christine Whitman]]. "It seems to me that the folks at the EPA are the obvious fall guys and we would only hope that the fall guy (or gal) should be as high up as possible." {{ref|61}}
  
The CEI also filed a petition with the administration “to prevent the distribution of a fatally flawed report on global warming”[64], accusing the EPA of publishing “knowingly fictional” science[65]. It also publicly wrote to the Bush Administration attacking the EPA’s line on climate change in a co-ordinated letter, whose signatories read like a long list of right-wing groups, Wise Use and known climate sceptics. It read:
+
Ebell advised Cooney that he was "willing and ready to help, but it won't be possible to do much without some sort of backtracking from the Administration."
  
“Dear President Bush,
+
Just two days later, Bush repudiated the EPA report as having been "put out by the bureaucracy," reiterating his opposition to the Kyoto Protocol. "The Kyoto treaty would severely damage the United States economy," he said. "And I don't accept that." {{ref|62}}
  
We write to share our concerns with Climate Action Report 2002, which your administration recently transmitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and released to the public by posting on the EPA web site. As opponents of the Kyoto Protocol and similar domestic proposals to ration energy, we welcome your remarks of June 4 that you had “read the report put out by the bureaucracy” and that you still opposed the Kyoto global warming treaty. We recognize that your principled opposition to Kyoto has come at considerable political cost, and we admire your resolution in the face of continuing environmental alarmism.
+
[[Christopher C. Horner]] welcomed the move saying that Mr. Bush had distanced himself from the report "because of concern from the right that he was going to accept the European environmental world view, that he had changed his mind as the report indicated he had." {{ref|63}}
  
Climate Action Report 2002 is largely a compilation and summary of junk science produced by the Clinton-Gore Administration in order to support their Kyoto agenda ... We therefore also urge you to dismiss or re-assign all administration employees who are not pursuing your agenda, just as you have done in several similar instances.
+
The CEI also filed a petition with the administration "to prevent the distribution of a fatally flawed report on global warming", {{ref|64}} accusing the EPA of publishing "knowingly fictional" science. {{ref|65}}
  
Thank you for your attention to our concerns. We stand ready to work with you and your administration on pro-consumer, pro-taxpayer policies.
+
It also publicly wrote to the Bush Administration attacking the EPA's line on climate change in a co-ordinated letter, whose signatories read like a long list of right-wing groups, [[Wise Use]] and known climate-change sceptics.
  
Yours sincerely,
+
*[[Climate Change Sceptics' Letter to the President, June 2002]]
  
Fred Smith and Myron Ebell, Competitive Enterprise Institute; Paul Beckner,  Citizens for a Sound Economy; Frances B. Smith, Consumer Alert; Kenneth Green, Reason Foundation; David Rothbard, Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow; Karen Kerrigan, Small Business Survival Committee; Thomas A. Schatz, Citizens Against Government Waste; Grover Norquist, Americans for Tax Reform; Tom DeWeese, American Policy Center; Steve Hayward, Pacific Research Institute; George C. Landrith, Frontiers of Freedom; Patrick Michaels, Cato Institute; S. Fred Singer, Science & Environmental Policy Project; Lori Waters, Eagle Forum; Morton C. Blackwell, Conservative Leadership PAC, Paul Driessen, Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise; Paul M. Weyrich, Free Congress Foundation; John Berthoud, National Taxpayers Union; David A. Keene, American Conservative Union;
+
Later that month (June 2002), the CEI criticised the "Clean Power Act" [S. 556] proposed by Senator [[James Jeffords]], Vermont Independent, and the "Clean Smokestacks Act" proposed by [[Henry Waxman]] [H.R. 1256], which would have established new controls on power plant emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, mercury and carbon dioxide, as "Multi-pollutant madness". {{ref|66}}
  
Eric Licht, Coalitions for America; Lewis K. Uhler, National Tax Limitation Committee; C. Preston Noell, III, Tradition, Family, Property, Inc;
+
By August 2002 and the [[UN Summit on Sustainable Development]] in Johannesburg, the CEI was one of 31 conservative individuals and groups, including the [[American Enterprise Institute]], [[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]], [[Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow]], [[Capitol Research Center]], [[Heartland Institute]] and [[National Center for Policy Analysis]] who wrote again to Bush to applaud his decision not to attend the [[WSSD]] and to keep climate change off the agenda:
  
Ron Pearson, Council for America; Gary L. Bauer, American Values;
+
"Even more than the Earth Summit in Rio (de Janeiro) in 1992, the Johannesburg Summit will provide a global media stage for many of the most irresponsible and destructive elements involved in critical international economic and environmental issues," said the letter. "Your presence would only help to publicize and make more credible their various anti-freedom, anti-people, anti-globalization, and anti-Western agendas." Bush declined the invitation to attend. {{ref|67}}
  
Robert A. Schadler, Center for First Principles; Jefferey S. Taylor, Free Republic Network; Richard Lessner, American Renewal; Michael Hardiman, American Land Rights Association; Kevin L. Kearns, U. S. Business and Industry Council;
+
The groups argued that "potential" global warming is "the least important global environmental issue" and the letter calls upon US negotiators attending the summit in Johannesburg to "keep it off the table and out of the spotlight." {{ref|68}}
  
William J. Murray, Government Is Not God; Benjamin C. Works, Sirius; F. Patricia Callahan, American Association of Small Property Owners”
+
Two state attorney generals have asked Attorney General [[John Ashcroft]] to investigate because the memo "reveals great intimacy between CEI and [the administration] in their strategizing about ways to minimize the problem of global warming. It also suggests the CEQ may have been directly involved in efforts to undermine the United States' official report, as well as the authority of the EPA administrator." {{ref|69}}
  
+
In April 2003 the CEI co-ordinated another letter, this time to The Honorable Mr. [[Pete Domenici]], Chairman of the [[Committee on Energy and Natural Resources]], on the subject of climate:
  
Later that month, June 2002, the CEI criticised the “Clean Power Act” [S. 556] proposed by Sen. James Jeffords Vermont Independent and the “Clean Smokestacks Act” proposed by Henry Waxman's [H.R. 1256], which would have established new controls on power plant emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, mercury and carbon dioxide, as “Multi-pollutant madness”[66]
+
:"The undersigned organizations write to share our views... Because we share your commitment to policies that will promote continuing abundant supplies of affordable energy to American consumers and producers, we were surprised to find that your committee's draft contains a climate change title. We believe that this title is ill considered and, if enacted in anything like its present form, its effects will in the long run overwhelm the many positive elements in the bill. It would in our view create the institutional and legal framework and the political incentives necessary eventually to force Kyoto-style energy rationing on the American people.
  
+
:Even more disturbingly to us, it would set us on this path without engaging in a full national debate over its enormous consequences. Instead, including this climate title in comprehensive energy legislation seems to assume that the debate is over, even though that debate has never occurred. It seems to us that before we settle on the main provisions of this climate title, we would first have to agree that global warming alarmism is scientifically warranted, that there are benefits as wells as costs to these policies, and that it is inevitable we are soon going to be living in a carbon-constrained world...
  
By August 2002, come the UN Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, the CEI was one of 31 conservative individuals and groups, including the American Enterprise Institute, Atlas Economic Research Foundation, Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow, Capitol Research Center; Heartland Institute and National Center for Policy Analysis who wrote again to Bush to applaud his decision not to attend the WSSD and to keep climate change of the agenda:
+
:Sincerely,
  
+
:[[Fred Smith]] and [[Myron Ebell]] - Competitive Enterprise Institute
 +
:[[Paul M. Weyrich]] - [[Coalitions for America]]
 +
:[[Grover Norquist]] - [[Americans for Tax Reform]]
 +
:[[Malcolm Wallop]] - [[Frontiers of Freedom]]
 +
:[[David A. Keene]] - [[American Conservative Union]]
 +
:[[Paul Gessing]] - [[National Taxpayers Union]]
 +
:[[James L. Martin]] - [[60 Plus Association]]
 +
:[[James P. Backlin]] - [[Christian Coalition of America]]
 +
:[[Amy Ridenour]] - [[National Center for Public Policy Research]]
 +
:[[Darrell McKigney]] - [[Small Business Survival Committee]]
 +
:[[Richard Lessner]] - [[American Renewal]]
 +
:[[Tom DeWeese]] - [[American Policy Center]]
 +
:[[Chuck Muth]] - [[Citizen Outreach]]
 +
:[[Steven Milloy]] - [[Citizens for the Integrity of Science]]
 +
:[[Ronald Pearson]] - [[Council for America]]
 +
:[[Kevin L. Kearns]] - [[US Business and Industry Council]]
 +
:[[Dennis Avery]] - [[Hudson Institute]]
 +
:[[Jim Boulet, Jr.]] - [[English First]]
 +
:[[Joan L. Hueter]] - [[American Council for Immigration Reform]]
 +
:[[C. Preston Noell, III]] - [[Tradition, Family, Property]], Inc.
 +
:[[Benjamin C. Works]] - [[Strategic Issues Research Institute of the US]] (SIRIUS)" {{ref|70}}
  
“Even more than the Earth Summit in Rio (de Janeiro) in 1992, the Johannesburg Summit will provide a global media stage for many of the most irresponsible and destructive elements involved in critical international economic and environmental issues”, said the letter. “Your presence would only help to publicize and make more credible their various anti-freedom, anti-people, anti-globalization, and anti-Western agendas”. Bush declined to attend[67]
+
The following month The CEI and 32 other right-wing organisations raised "concerns about the approach Congress is taking to climate change policy in a joint letter to House International Relations Committee Chairman [[Henry Hyde]]" (R-IL).
  
+
In a letter, the groups "explain the flaws with alarmist statements about climate change and science contained in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee's State Department authorization bill, urging the House committee not take the same path. The Senate committee findings include exaggerations, misleading statements, out-of-context citations, and reliance on discredited sources. The Committee adopted resolutions based on these flawed premises."
  
The groups argued that Asserting that “potential” global warming is “the least important global environmental issue”, the letter calls upon U.S. negotiators attending the summit in Johannesburg to “keep it off the table and out of the spotlight”.[68]
+
"In our view, the resolutions are even more flawed than the findings," wrote Myron Ebell, Director of Global Warming Policy at CEI. "The first two resolutions recommend that the US adopt Kyoto-style policies to limit energy use by American consumers. The third resolution urges the US to extend the Kyoto Protocol by negotiating a second round of binding limits on greenhouse gas emissions."
  
+
The letter continued: "The Kyoto Protocol is a dead end... and so too are all similar approaches based on forcing cuts in carbon dioxide emissions. Adopting Kyoto-style policies would have enormous economic costs without making significant reductions in greenhouse gas levels. Just at the moment that the Kyoto Protocol is collapsing and other industrialized countries that have ratified the Protocol are discovering that they cannot meet their targets is not the time to jump back on the Kyoto bandwagon."
  
Two state attorneys general have asked Attorney General John Ashcroft to investigate because the memo “reveals great intimacy between CEI and [the administration] in their strategizing about ways to minimize the problem of global warming. It also suggests the CEQ may have been directly involved in efforts to undermine the United States' official report, as well as the authority of the EPA administrator”[69].
+
Signed by:
  
+
*[[Fred L. Smith]] and [[Myron Ebell]] - Competitive Enterprise Institute
 +
*[[Paul M. Weyrich]] - [[Coalitions for America]]
 +
*[[Grover Norquist]] - [[Americans for Tax Reform]]
 +
*[[Paul Beckner]] - [[Citizens for a Sound Economy]]
 +
*[[David Keene]] - [[American Conservative Union]]
 +
*[[Malcolm Wallop]] - [[Frontiers of Freedom]]
 +
*[[Duane Parde]] - [[American Legislative Exchange Council]]
 +
*[[James L. Martin]] - [[60 Plus Association]]
 +
*[[Tom Schatz]] - President, [[Citizens Against Government Waste]]
 +
*[[Amy Ridenour]] - [[National Center for Public Policy Research]]
 +
*[[Frank J. Gaffney, Jr.]] - [[Center for Security Policy]]
 +
*[[Karen Kerrigan]] - [[Small Business Survival Committee]]
 +
*[[Tom DeWeese]] - [[American Policy Center]]
 +
*[[Joseph L. Bast]] - [[The Heartland Institute]]
 +
*[[Paul Driessen]] - [[Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow]]
 +
*[[Steven Milloy]] - [[Citizens for the Integrity of Science]]
 +
*[[Lori Waters]] - [[Eagle Forum]]
 +
*[[Richard Lessner]] - [[American Renewal]]
 +
*[[Terrence Scanlon]] - [[Capital Research Center]]
 +
*[[Dennis T. Avery]] - Center for Global Food Issues, [[Hudson Institute]]
 +
*[[Leroy Watson]] - [[The National Grange]]
 +
*[[Kevin L. Kearns]] - [[US Business and Industry Council]]
 +
*[[Bonner Cohen]] - [[Lexington Institute]]
 +
*[[Michael Hardiman]] - [[American Land Rights Association]]
 +
*[[C. Preston Noell, III]] - [[Tradition, Family, Property]], Inc.
 +
*[[Ron Pearson]] - [[Council for America]]
 +
*[[Jeffrey B. Gayner]] - [[Americans for Sovereignty]]
 +
*[[Chuck Muth]] - [[Citizen Outreach]]
 +
*[[Benjamin C. Works]] - [[SIRIUS]]
 +
*[[Allan Parker]] - [[Texas Justice Foundation]]
 +
*[[Alan Caruba]] - The [[National Anxiety Center]]
 +
*[[Mark Q. Rhoads]] - [[US Internet Council]]
 +
*[[Patrick Michaels]] - [[University of Virginia]]
 +
*[[Robert Ferguson]] - [[Center for Science and Public Policy]] {{ref|71}}
  
In April 2003, the CEI co-ordinated another letter, this time to The Honorable Mr. Pete Domenici, Chairman, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, on climate: “The undersigned organizations write to share our views  … Because we share your commitment to policies that will promote continuing abundant supplies of affordable energy to American consumers and producers, we were surprised to find that your committee’s draft contains a climate change title. We believe that this title is ill considered and, if enacted in anything like its present form, its effects will in the long run overwhelm the many positive elements in the bill. It would in our view create the institutional and legal framework and the political incentives necessary eventually to force Kyoto-style energy rationing on the American people.
+
The CEI has also filed other lawsuits and challenges against other government agencies who have issued reports on climate change, such as the [[EPA]] and the [[National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration]], calling their work unscientific. {{ref|72}}
  
Even more disturbingly to us, it would set us on this path without engaging in a full national debate over its enormous consequences. Instead, including this climate title in comprehensive energy legislation seems to assume that the debate is over, even though that debate has never occurred. It seems to us that before we settle on the main provisions of this climate title, we would first have to agree that global warming alarmism is scientifically warranted, that there are benefits as wells as costs to these policies, and that it is inevitable we are soon going to be living in a carbon-constrained world … Sincerely,
+
In 2003, the CEI attacked the US domestic [[Lieberman-McCain Bill]] on climate that would have regulated carbon dioxide emissions. Myron Ebell called it "pointless political grandstanding and a shameless con game". {{ref|73}} Christopher C. Horner, another fellow, said it would cripple "America's economy in the name of a hysterical and spectacularly debunked theory". {{ref|74}} 
  
Fred Smith and Myron Ebell, Competitive Enterprise Institute;
+
In November the CEI claimed a "victory" after they dropped their lawsuit against the Bush administration and its top scientific advisor, in exchange for the admission that a climate policy document written under the Clinton administration had not been subject to federal data quality guidelines. The Bush administration added two sentences to the [[US Global Change Research Program]]'s (USGCRP) website explaining that a government report on climate change included third party information not produced by federal institutions, which were therefore not bound by the federal Data Quality Act. The CEI had taken issue with the 2000 report as it stated that global warming was likely to lead to hotter summers, warmer winters, and more extreme weather, including flood and drought. {{ref|75}}
  
Paul M. Weyrich, Coalitions for America;
+
In December 2003 two of the US government's top atmospheric scientists argued in a paper in ''Science'' that that there was no doubt that human activity was already having a measurable impact on global climate. In response [[Myron Ebell]] argued that climate change was "nothing new" and "It isn't much to worry about." {{ref|76}}
  
Grover Norquist, Americans for Tax Reform;
+
The following month, the CEI's anti-climate work continued unabated as an article published in ''Nature'' magazine concluded that one million species might become extinct because of climate change, {{ref|77}} and that the UK's Chief scientist warned that climate change was a more serious threat to the world than terrorism. {{ref|78}} The same week Myron Ebell was quoted in the US press as saying, "I don't think man-made climate change is an important issue." {{ref|79}}
  
Malcolm Wallop, Frontiers of Freedom
+
[[Ian Murray]] wrote an op-ed piece for [[Tech Central Station]] that attacked the article in [[Nature]]. Murray called the story "flimsy", arguing it should be "laughed out of the court of public opinion." {{ref|80}} The month before, Murray had attacked "environmental alarmists" and "statist environmentalists" for their position on climate change. He also remarked that, "we should remember 2003 as the year that saw the death of the most economically damaging idea ever to come out of the United Nations, the Kyoto Protocol on climate change." {{ref|81}}
  
David A. Keene, American Conservative Union;
+
On the 12 January, the CEI and ten other right-wing think tanks and front groups wrote to the [[Department of Energy]], urging them not to establish "a system of emissions credits as part of its greenhouse gases reporting program." It was joined by the [[American Conservative Union]], [[Americans for Tax Reform]], [[American Legislative Exchange Council]], [[Citizens Against Government Waste]], [[Citizens for a Sound Economy]], [[Consumer Alert]], [[Frontiers of Freedom]], [[National Taxpayers Union]], [[60 Plus Association]], and the [[Small Business Survival Committee]]. According to the CEI, a "credit program would mobilize lobbying for energy rationing schemes such as the Kyoto Protocol, Senator [[Jim Jeffords]]' Clean Power Act, and the McCain-Lieberman Climate Stewardship Act." {{ref|82}}
  
Paul Gessing, National Taxpayers Union;
+
==People==
 +
===Principals===
  
James L. Martin, 60 Plus Association;
+
*[[Jack Kemp]] The CEI's "Distinguished Fellow" served four years as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and as the US Representative from New York state (18 years). In 1996, he was nominated by then Senator [[Bob Dole]] as the Republican Party's vice presidential candidate.  
 
 
James P. Backlin, Christian Coalition of America;
 
 
 
Amy Ridenour, National Center for Public Policy Research;
 
 
 
Darrell McKigney, Small Business Survival Committee; Richard Lessner, American Renewal; Tom DeWeese, American Policy Center;
 
 
 
Chuck Muth, Citizen Outreach;
 
 
 
Steven Milloy, Citizens for the Integrity of Science;
 
 
 
Ronald Pearson, Council for America; Kevin L. Kearns, U. S. Business and Industry Council;
 
 
 
Dennis Avery, Hudson Institute;
 
 
 
Jim Boulet, Jr., English First; Joan L. Hueter, American Council for Immigration Reform
 
 
 
C. Preston Noell, III; Tradition, Family, Property, Inc;
 
 
 
Benjamin C. Works, SIRIUS (Strategic Issues Research Institute of the U. S.)[70]
 
  
 +
*[[Fred L. Smith, Jr]] President and Founder, Competitive Enterprise Institute.
 
   
 
   
 +
*[[Jody Clarke]] Vice President for Communications.
  
The following month The CEI and 32 other right-wing organisations raised “concerns about the approach Congress is taking to climate change policy in a joint letter to House International Relations Committee Chairman Henry Hyde (R-IL).
+
*[[Gregory Conko]] Director of Food Safety Policy. Mr. Conko is also the Vice President and a member of the Board of Directors of the [[AgBioWorld Foundation]]. Writes for [[Tech Central Station]].
  
+
*[[Myron Ebell]] Director of [[Global Warming and International Environmental Policy]]. Oversees all global warming and international environmental work at CEI. He also chairs the [[Cooler Heads Coalition]], the subgroup of the [[National Consumers Coalition]] that works to debunk climate change. Prior to coming to CEI, [[Ebell]] was policy director at [[Frontiers of Freedom]] and the Washington representative of the [[Wise Use Movement|Wise Use]] group, the American Land Rights Association run by Chuck Cushman. Ebell's financial file is separate.
  
In a letter, the groups “explain the flaws with alarmist statements about climate change and science contained in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee’s State Department authorization bill, urging the House committee not take the same path. The Senate committee findings include exaggerations, misleading statements, out-of-context citations, and reliance on discredited sources. The Committee adopted resolutions based on these flawed premises”. “In our view, the resolutions are even more flawed than the findings,” wrote Myron Ebell, Director of Global Warming Policy at CEI. “The first two resolutions recommend that the U.S. adopt Kyoto-style policies to limit energy use by American consumers. The third resolution urges the U.S. to extend the Kyoto Protocol by negotiating a second round of binding limits on greenhouse gas emissions.
+
*[[Christopher C. Horner]] Counsel, [[Cooler Heads Coalition]] and Senior Fellow, CEI. Another [[Tech Central Station]] contributor. {{ref|7}}
  
+
*[[Ben Lieberman]] Director of [[Clean Air Policy]]. Also writes for [[Tech Central Station]]. {{ref|8}}
  
The letter continued: “The Kyoto Protocol is a dead end…and so too are all similar approaches based on forcing cuts in carbon dioxide emissions. Adopting Kyoto-style policies would have enormous economic costs without making significant reductions in greenhouse gas levels. Just at the moment that the Kyoto Protocol is collapsing and other industrialized countries that have ratified the Protocol are discovering that they cannot meet their targets is not the time to jump back on the Kyoto bandwagon.
+
*[[Angela Logomasini]] Director of Risk and Environmental Policy. Was Legislative Assistant to Senator [[Sam Brownback]] from 1996-1998. From 1989 to 1994, Logomasini worked for the front group [[Citizens for a Sound Economy]] (CSE), serving as Director of Solid Waste Policy for its affiliate, [[Citizens for the Environment]]. {{ref|9}}
  
Signers:
+
*[[Iain Murray]] Senior Fellow at CEI, specializing in global climate change and environmental science. Murray edits [[Cooler Heads]], the biweekly newsletter of the [[Cooler Heads Coalition]]. He regularly writes on climate and other issues for [[Tech Central Station]]. {{ref|10}}
  
Fred L. Smith, and Myron Ebell, Competitive Enterprise Institute;
+
===Scholars/Fellows===
  
Paul M. Weyrich, Coalitions for America
+
*[[Ronald Bailey]] Editor, Earth Report 2000. Is the science correspondent for [[Reason Magazine]] and, most recently, the editor of the Competitive Enterprise Institute book ''Global Warming and Other Eco-Myths'' {{ref|11}} published by [[Prima Publishing]]. He is also the author of ''ECO-SCAM: The False Prophets of the Ecological Apocalypse''.
  
Grover Norquist, Americans for Tax Reform
+
*[[Roger Bate]] Adjunct Fellow. See listing under the [[American Enterprise Institute]].
  
Paul Beckner, Citizens for a Sound Economy
+
*[[Robert L. Bradley Jr.]] Adjunct scholar of the [[Cato Institute]].
  
David Keene, American Conservative Union
+
*[[Paul Georgia]] An environmental policy analyst at CEI. He specializes in global-warming issues and also edits the biweekly coalition [[Cooler Heads]] newsletter. Also writes for [[Tech Central Station]].
  
Malcolm Wallop, Frontiers of Freedom
+
*[[Michael S. Greve]] Board Member and Adjunct Scholar. Greve is also a resident scholar at the [[American Enterprise Institute]].
  
Duane Parde, American Legislative Exchange Council
+
*[[Kay Jones]] Head of [[Zephyr Consulting]], a Seattle-based environmental consulting firm, an "expert" with the CEI and adjunct fellow at the [[Cato Institute]].
  
James L. Martin, 60 Plus Association
+
*[[Marlo Lewis, Jr.]] A Senior Fellow on global warming, general environmental and regulatory reform. Ex-Director of External Relations at the [[Reason Foundation]] in Los Angeles. Another contributor to [[Tech Central Station]]. {{ref|12}}
  
Tom Schatz, President, Citizens Against Government Waste
+
*[[Henry I. Miller]] Research Fellow at the [[Hoover Institution]]. Miller is also a director of [[Consumer Alert]], a director of the [[American Council on Science and Health]] and a scientific advisor to the [[George C. Marshall Institute]] and adjunct fellow at the CEI. {{ref|13}}
  
Amy Ridenour, National Center for Public Policy Research
+
*[[Cassandra C. Moore]] Adjunct Scholar with the [[Cato Institute]].
  
Frank J. Gaffney, Jr., Center for Security Policy
+
*[[Robert H. Nelson]] Senior Fellow in Environmental Studies.
  
Karen Kerrigan, Small Business Survival Committee
+
*[[William O'Keefe]] - Board Member and Adjunct Scholar. President and founder of [[Solutions Consulting]]. Ex–executive Vice President and CEO of the [[American Petroleum Institute]] and Chairman Emeritus of the [[Global Climate Coalition]]. He is also President of the [[George C. Marshall Institute]].
  
Tom DeWeese, American Policy Center
+
*[[C.S. Prakash]] Is professor of plant genetics at Tuskeegee University in Alabama, and a co-founder of the [[AgBioWorld Foundation]] and [[AgBioWorld]] website (see below).
  
Joseph L. Bast, The Heartland Institute
+
*[[Fran Smith]] Member, Board of Directors. Executive director of the [[Wise Use]] group [[Consumer Alert]] and wise of [[Fred Smith]], the President of CEI.
  
Paul Driessen, Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow
+
*[[Robert J. Smith]] Senior Environmental Scholar.
  
Steven Milloy, Citizens for the Integrity of Science
+
===Board===
  
Lori Waters, Eagle Forum
+
*[[William Dunn]] President, [[Dunn Capital Management]]. On the board of [[PERC]] and [[Reason Foundation]]
  
Richard Lessner, American Renewal
+
*[[Scott Fallon]] – [[BAE Systems]], Inc.
  
Terrence Scanlon, Capital Research Center
+
*[[Michael S. Greve]] Resident Scholar, [[American Enterprise Institute]]
  
Dennis T. Avery, Center for Global Food Issues, Hudson Institute
+
*[[Leonard Liggio]] Vice President, [[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]]
  
Leroy Watson, The National Grange
+
*[[Thomas Gale Moore]] Senior Fellow, [[Hoover Institution]]
  
Kevin L. Kearns, U. S. Business and Industry Council
+
*[[William O'Keefe]] President and Founder, [[Solutions Consulting]]
  
Bonner Cohen, Lexington Institute
+
*[[Frances Smith]] Executive Director, [[Consumer Alert]]
  
Michael Hardiman, American Land Rights Association
+
*[[Fred L. Smith, Jr.]] President and Founder, Competitive Enterprise Institute
  
C. Preston Noell, III, Tradition, Family, Property, Inc.
+
==Funding==
  
Ron Pearson, Council for America
+
The CEI does not publish a list of its institutional donors, but the following companies and foundations are known to have given $10,000 or more:
 +
*[[Aequus Institute]]
 +
*[[Amoco Foundation]]
 +
*[[Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation]]
 +
*[[Carthage Foundation]]
 +
*[[Scaife Foundations]]
 +
*[[Coca-Cola]] Company
 +
*[[E.L. Craig Foundation]]
 +
*[[CSX Corporation]]
 +
*[[Earhart Foundation]]
 +
*[[Fieldstead and Co]]
 +
*[[FMC Foundation]]
 +
*[[Ford Motor Company Fund]]
 +
*[[Gilder Foundation]]
 +
*[[Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation]]
 +
*[[David H. Koch Charitable Foundation]]
 +
*[[Claude R. Lambe Charitable Foundation]]
 +
*[[Philip M. McKenna Foundation]], Inc
 +
*[[Curtis and Edith Munson Foundation]]
 +
*[[Philip Morris]] Companies, Inc 
 +
*[[Pfizer]]
 +
*[[Precision Valve Corporation]]
 +
*[[Prince Foundation]]
 +
*[[Rodney Fund]]
 +
*[[Sheldon Rose]]
 +
*[[Sarah Scaife Foundation]]
 +
*[[Texaco]], Texaco Foundation
 +
*[[Donors Trust]]: $1,193,850 in 2014, $1,981,750 in 2013 <ref> Donors Trust, 990 Form, 2014 </ref><ref> Donors Trust, 990 Form, 2013 </ref>
  
Jeffrey B. Gayner, Americans for Sovereignty
+
Other known CEI funders include:
 +
*[[American Petroleum Institute]]
 +
*[[ARCO Foundation]]
 +
*[[Armstrong Foundation]]
 +
*[[Burlington Northern Railroad]] Co
 +
*[[Cigna Corporation]]
 +
*[[Detroit Farming]] Inc
 +
*[[Dow Chemical]]
 +
*[[EBCO]] Corp
 +
*[[General Motors]]
 +
*[[IBM]]
 +
*[[Jacqueline Hume Foundation]]
 +
*[[JM Foundation]]
 +
*[[Vernon K. Krieble Foundation]] 
 +
*[[John William Pope Foundation]]
 +
*[[Smith Richardson Foundation]]
 +
*[[Roe Foundation]] 
 +
*[[Alex C. Walker Foundation]] {{ref|4}}
 +
 +
[[Exxon]] has donated $1 million to the CEI since 1998. {{ref|5}}
  
Chuck Muth, Citizen Outreach
+
According to an article by Bob Burton for IPS, [[Monsanto]] has also been amongst CEI's funders.<ref>Bob Burton, "[http://www.biosafety-info.net/bioart.php?bid=170&ac=st US struggles in rearguard campaign for GE crops]", IPS-Inter Press Service, 1 April 2004, accessed 11 May 2009</ref>
 
 
Benjamin C. Works, SIRIUS
 
 
 
Allan Parker, Texas Justice Foundation
 
 
 
Alan Caruba, The National Anxiety Center
 
 
 
Mark Q. Rhoads, U. S. Internet Council
 
 
 
Patrick Michaels, University of Virginia
 
 
 
Robert Ferguson, Center for Science and Public Policy[71]
 
 
 
The CEI has also filed other lawsuits and challenges against other government agencies, such as the EPA and the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, which have issued reports on climate change, calling their work unscientific[72].
 
 
 
In 2003, the CEI attacked the US domestic The Lieberman-McCain bill on climate that would have regulated carbon dioxide emissions. Myron Ebell called it “pointless political grandstanding and a shameless con game”[73]. Christopher C. Horner, another fellow said it would cripple “America's economy in the name of a hysterical and spectacularly debunked theory”[74]
 
 
 
In November the CEL claimed a “victory” after it dropped its lawsuit against the Bush administration and its top scientific advisor in exchange for an administration that a climate policy document written under the Clinton administration had not been subject to federal data quality guidelines. The Bush administration added two sentences to the U.S. Global Change Research Program's (USGCRP) Web site explaining that a government report on climate change included third party information not produced by federal which were not bound by the federal Data Quality Act. The CEI had taken issue with the 2000 report as it stated that global warming was likely to lead to hotter summers, warmer winters, and more extreme weather, including flood and drought[75].
 
 
 
In December 2003 two of the US government’s top atmospheric scientists argued in a paper in Science that that there was no doubt that human activity was already having a measurable impact on global climate. In response Myron Ebell argued that climate change was "nothing new” and  “It isn't much to worry about”[76].
 
 
 
The following month, the CEI’s anti-climate work continued unabated as an article published in Nature magazine concluded one million species might become extinct because of climate change[77], and the UK’s Chief scientist warned that Climate change was a more serious threat to the world than terrorism.[78]  The same week Myron Ebell was quoted in the US presses as saying that: “I don't think man-made climate change is an important issue[79]”.
 
 
 
Ian Murray wrote an op-ed piece for Tech Central Station that attacked the article in Nature. Murray called the story “flimsy” arguing it should be “laughed out of the court of public opinion”[80] The month before Murray had attacked “environmental alarmists” and “statist environmentalists” for their position on climate change. He also remarked that “we should remember 2003 as the year that saw the death of the most economically damaging idea ever to come out of the United Nations, the Kyoto Protocol on climate change”[81]
 
 
 
On the 12 January, the CEI and ten other right-wing think tanks and front groups wrote to the Department of Energy not to establish “a system of emissions credits as part of its greenhouse gases reporting program”. It was joined by the American Conservative Union, Americans for Tax Reform, American Legislative Exchange Council, Citizens Against Government Waste, Citizens for a Sound Economy, Consumer Alert, Frontiers of Freedom, National Taxpayers Union, 60 Plus Association, and the Small Business Survival Committee. According to the CEI a “credit program would mobilize lobbying for energy rationing schemes such as the Kyoto Protocol, Senator Jim Jeffords’ Clean Power Act, and the McCain-Lieberman Climate Stewardship Act[82].”
 
 
 
Eco-Terror See separate section on tactics against the environmental movement.
 
  
 
==Contact==
 
==Contact==
  
*'''Address:''' Competitive Enterprise Institute, 1001 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 1250, Washington, D.C. 20036  
+
*'''Address''' Competitive Enterprise Institute, 1001 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 1250, Washington, D.C. 20036  
*'''Web address:''' http://www.cei.org/pages/contact.cfm
+
*'''Internet''' http://www.cei.org/pages/contact.cfm
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
  
[1] www.cei.org/pages/about.cfm  
+
#{{note|1}} http://www.cei.org/pages/about.cfm  
 
+
#{{note|2}} http://www.prwatch.org/improp/cei.html
[2] http://www.prwatch.org/improp/cei.html
+
#{{note|3}} http://www.clearproject.org/reports_afa.html
 
+
#{{note|4}} http://www.sourcewatch.org/wiki.phtml?title=Competitive_Enterprise_Institute
[3] http://www.clearproject.org/reports_afa.html
+
#{{note|5}} Source Greenpeace  - data from company reports for  98, 00, 01, 02 – data not available for 99 and pre-98.
 
+
#{{note|6}} http://www.biosafety-info.net/bioart.php?bid=170&ac=st
[4] http://www.disinfopedia.org/wiki.phtml?title=Competitive_Enterprise_Institute
+
#{{note|7}} http://www2.TechCentralStation.com/1051/searchauthor.jsp?Bioid=BIOHORNERCHRISTOPHER
 
+
#{{note|8}} http://www2.TechCentralStation.com/1051/searchauthor.jsp?Bioid=BIOLIEBERMANBEN
[5] Source Greenpeace  - data from company reports for  98, 00, 01, 02 – data not available for 99 and pre-98.
+
#{{note|9}} http://www.cei.org/dyn/view_bio.cfm/31
 
+
#{{note|10}} http://www2.TechCentralStation.com/1051/searchauthor.jsp?Bioid=BIOMURRAYIAIN
[6]
+
#{{note|11}} http://www.cei.org/gencon/026,03198.cfm
 
+
#{{note|12}} http://www.TechCentralStation.com/biolewismarlo.html
[7] http://www2.Tech Central Station.com/1051/searchauthor.jsp?Bioid=BIOHORNERCHRISTOPHER
+
#{{note|13}} http://www.TechCentralStation.com/biomillerhenry.html
 
+
#{{note|14}} http://www.cei.org/pages/projects.cfm; http://www.disinfopedia.org/wiki.phtml?title=Competitive_Enterprise_Institute
[8] http://www2.Tech Central Station.com/1051/searchauthor.jsp?Bioid=BIOLIEBERMANBEN
+
#{{note|15}} http://www.AgBioWorld.org/biotech_info/articles/prakash/prakashart/prakash_bio.html
 
+
#{{note|16}} http://www.AgBioWorld.org/biotech_info/articles/prakash/prakashart/prakash_bio.html
[9] http://www.cei.org/dyn/view_bio.cfm/31
+
#{{note|17}} http://www.gmwatch.org/profile1.asp?PrId=106
 
+
#{{note|18}} For more information see A. Rowell (2003) Don’t Worry  - It’s Safe to Eat – The True Story of GM Food, BSE  and Foot and Mouth, Earthscan, p154-160 and http://www.gmwatch.org/
[10] http://www2.Tech Central Station.com/1051/searchauthor.jsp?Bioid=BIOMURRAYIAIN
+
#{{note|19}} For more information see A. Rowell (2003) Don’t Worry  - It’s Safe to Eat – The True Story of GM Food, BSE  and Foot and Mouth, Earthscan, p154-160 and http://www.gmwatch.org/
 
+
#{{note|20}} http://www.usda.gov/news/releases/2003/05/0156.htm
[11] http://www.cei.org/gencon/026,03198.cfm
+
#{{note|21}} http://www.cei.org/gencon/003,03471.cfm; http://www.cei.org/gencon/028,03470.cfm
 
+
#{{note|22}} http://www.gmwatch.org/profile1.asp?PrId=184
[12] http://www.Tech Central Station.com/biolewismarlo.html
+
#{{note|23}} http://www.cei.org/gencon/003,03471.cfm
 
+
#{{note|24}} http://www.gene.ch/info4action/2000/May/msg00003.html
[13] http://www.Tech Central Station.com/biomillerhenry.html
+
#{{note|25}} http://ngin.tripod.com/266.htm
 
+
#{{note|26}} http://www.cei.org/utils/printer.cfm?AID=2484; http://www.cei.org/gencon/005,02040.cfm
[14] http://www.cei.org/pages/projects.cfm; http://www.disinfopedia.org/wiki.phtml?title=Competitive_Enterprise_Institute
+
#{{note|27}} http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/miller-conko200310060916.asp
 
+
#{{note|28}} http://www.cei.org/gencon/019,01806.cfm
[15] http://www.AgBioWorld.org/biotech_info/articles/prakash/prakashart/prakash_bio.html
+
#{{note|29}} http://www.gmwatch.org/profile1.asp?PrId=31
 
+
#{{note|30}} http://www.policynetwork.net/events/labelling_3march2003.htm
[16] http://www.AgBioWorld.org/biotech_info/articles/prakash/prakashart/prakash_bio.html
+
#{{note|31}} http://www.gmwatch.org/profile1.asp?PrId=31
 
+
#{{note|32}} http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/1997Q4/warming.html
[17] http://www.gmwatch.org/profile1.asp?PrId=106
+
#{{note|33}} S.  Brostoff (1997) “Insurer Motives Questioned In Global Warming Debate”, National Underwriter, 10 February 10, p2
 
+
#{{note|37}} http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/1997Q4/warming.html
[18] For more information see A. Rowell (2003) Don’t Worry  - It’s Safe to Eat – The True Story of GM Food, BSE  and Foot and Mouth, Earthscan, p154-160 and http://www.gmwatch.org/
+
#{{note|38}} W. Beckerman (1995) Small is Stupid – Blowing the Whistle on the Greens, Duckworth, p102
 
+
#{{note|39}} http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/1997Q4/warming.html
[19] For more information see A. Rowell (2003) Don’t Worry  - It’s Safe to Eat – The True Story of GM Food, BSE  and Foot and Mouth, Earthscan, p154-160 and http://www.gmwatch.org/
+
#{{note|40}} PR Newswire (1997) “Heartland Institute to Release Global Warming Policy Study Prior to EPA Region 5 Conference in Chicago”, 5 September
 
+
#{{note|41}} R. Lloyd Parry (1997) “Kyoto Summit: Greenhouse Optimist Takes The Stage With Lunatic Fringe”,  The Independent, 10 December; p 8
[20] http://www.usda.gov/news/releases/2003/05/0156.htm
+
#{{note|42}} R. Brunet (1997) “It Just Ain't So, Say These Reputable Scientists”, Alberta Report, 10 November, v.24(48) N 10'97 p20-21; P. Brown & J. Vidal (1997) ”Environment: Who Killed Kyoto?”, The Guardian, 29 October
 
+
#{{note|43}} Inside Energy (1997) “Hagel Warns Clinton Climate Plan Risks ‘Economic Disaster' For US”, 3 November, p4   
[21] http://www.cei.org/gencon/003,03471.cfm; http://www.cei.org/gencon/028,03470.cfm
+
#{{note|44}} J. Adler (1997) “Measuring the White House Effect”, Washington Times, 5 October, pB1
 
+
#{{note|45}} M. Lewis (1999) Kyoto Lobby Kills Small Businesses, The Washington Times, 4 March, pA19  
[22] http://www.gmwatch.org/profile1.asp?PrId=184
+
#{{note|46}} U.S. Newswire (1999) “Where's the Warming? Unusual Weather Does Not Equal Climate Change, Says CEI”, 14 April
 
+
#{{note|47}} H. J. Hebert (1999) “New Rules For Parks Air Quality”, The Record (Bergen County, NJ), 22 April, pA19  
[23] http://www.cei.org/gencon/003,03471.cfm
+
#{{note|48}} Greenwire (2000) “Lawmakers, Groups Sue Over National Assessment On Climate Change”, 5 October,
 
+
#{{note|49}} D. Knight (2001) “Environment: Report Says Global Warming Measures Can't Wait”, Inter Press Service, 23 January.  
[24] http://www.gene.ch/info4action/2000/May/msg00003.html
+
#{{note|50}} Akron Beacon Journal (Ohio) (2001) “Energy Costs Behind Reversal, Bush Says Price Worries, Not Pressure From Lobbyists, Made About-Face On Emissions Necessary, President Says”, 15 March, D. Samuelsohn & C. Luccioli (2001) “Congress' Response Swift As Bush Reverses Co2 Policy”, Environment and Energy Daily, 15 March, Vol. 10, No. 9
 
+
#{{note|51}} J. Lowy (2001) “Bush Faulted On Climate Reversal”,  Scripps Howard News Service, 14 March, E. Pianin (2002) “'Big Coal' Swayed Bush;  Industry Lobbied Against Pledge to Reduce Emissions”, The Washington Post, 23 May, p A04.
[25] http://ngin.tripod.com/266.htm
+
#{{note|52}} J. Kemp (2001) “Yet Another Attack On The Economy”, The San Diego Union-Tribune, 6 March.
 
+
#{{note|53}} Tim Cornwell (2001) “Being The President Can Be A Dirty Job”, The Scotsman, 30 March, p9
[26] http://www.cei.org/utils/printer.cfm?AID=2484; http://www.cei.org/gencon/005,02040.cfm
+
#{{note|54}} U.S. Newswire (2001) “Experts Available For Comment On The Demise Of The Kyoto Protocol”, 29 March.
 
+
#{{note|55}} E. Nakashima (2001) “Clinton 'Holdovers' Targeted; Conservatives Fault Bush Transition Pace”, The Washington Post, 23 March, pA23
[27] http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/miller-conko200310060916.asp
+
#{{note|56}} Jeff Ostrowski (2001) “Global Warming no Threat, Fla. Insurers Say”,  Cox News Service, 30 May; National Public Radio (2001) “National Academy Of Sciences Releases Study Of UN Climate Change Report”, 7 June
 
+
#{{note|57}} Investors Business Daily (2002) “Politics Or Principle?” 19 February, p 19; D. Samuelsohn, & J.L. Laws (2002) “White House Plan Marks Turf Amid Already-Contentious Debate”, Environment and Energy Daily, 15 February.  
[28] http://www.cei.org/gencon/019,01806.cfm
+
#{{note|58}} F. Pearce (2003) “US Court Case Challenges Climate Change Warning”, New Scientist, 11 October,  
 
+
#{{note|59}} G. Archibald (2002) “White House Defends U-Turn On Global Warming”, The Washington Times, 4 June, pA9  
[29] http://www.gmwatch.org/profile1.asp?PrId=31
+
#{{note|60}} C. Holly (2002) “Conservatives Howl - Bush Administration Report Changes Tune On Global Warming, Cites Fossil Fuel Link”, Energy Daily, 4 June: Volume 30, Number 106; C. Holly (2002) “Administration Changes Tune On Warming”, White House Weekly, 4 June.
 
+
#{{note|61}} Ebell, M (2002)  Email to Phil Cooney, 3 June; P. Harris (2003) “Bush Covers Up Climate Research”, The Observer, 21 September  
[30] http://www.policynetwork.net/events/labelling_3march2003.htm
+
#{{note|62}} G. Karey (2002) “Bush Rejects EPA Climate-Change Report”, Platt's Oilgram News, 5 June, Vol. 80, No. 107; Pg. 5  
 
+
#{{note|63}} K. Q. Seelye (2002) “President Distances Himself From Global Warming Report”, The New York Times, 5 June, p23
[31] http://www.gmwatch.org/profile1.asp?PrId=31
+
#{{note|64}} D. Whipple (2002) “Analysis: Climate Report Marks Watershed”, United Press International, 8 June.  
 
+
#{{note|65}} F. Pearce (2003) “US Court Case Challenges Climate Change Warning”, New Scientist, 11 October,  
[32] http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/1997Q4/warming.html
+
#{{note|66}} By M. Lewis (2002) “Multi-pollutant Madness”, The Washington Times, 12 June, PA17
 
+
#{{note|67}} Africa News (2002) “Corporate-funded Lobbyists Aimed to Sabotage Johannesburg Summit”, 19 August
[33] S.  Brostoff (1997) “Insurer Motives Questioned In Global Warming Debate”, National Underwriter, 10 February 10, p2
+
#{{note|68}} Africa News (2002) “Corporate-funded Lobbyists Aimed to Sabotage Johannesburg Summit”, 19 August
 
+
#{{note|69}} M. Ivins (2003) “When is up Down and Black White? When Bush Calls his Plan ‘Clear Skies’”, The Beacon Journal, 21 September.
[37] http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/1997Q4/warming.html
+
#{{note|70}} http://www.cei.org/gencon/027,03433.cfm
 
+
#{{note|71}} http://www.cei.org/gencon/003,03465.cfm
[38] W. Beckerman (1995) Small is Stupid – Blowing the Whistle on the Greens, Duckworth, p102
+
#{{note|72}} S. Leahy (2003) “Environment: Climate-Change Panel Ensnared In Politics”, Inter Press Service, 3 November.
 
+
#{{note|73}} Oil & Gas Journal (2003) “US Senate Junks Mandatory Climate Change Emissions Plan”, 10 November, p34 10
[39] http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/1997Q4/warming.html
+
#{{note|74}} J. McCaslin (2003) “Just Say Nyet”, Washington Times, 7 October.  
 
+
#{{note|75}} D. Samuelsohn (2003) “Climate Change: CEI, White House Resolve Suit With New; Disclaimer Over Data Quality”, Greenwire, 7 November.
[40] PR Newswire (1997) “Heartland Institute to Release Global Warming Policy Study Prior to EPA Region 5 Conference in Chicago”, 5 September
+
#{{note|76}} J. Lowy (2003) “Govt.: 2003 Likely Third-Warmest Year on Record”, Scripps Howard News Service, 16 December
 
+
#{{note|77}} P. Brown (2004) “An Unnatural Disaster, The Guardian, 8 January; http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,1118244,00.html
[41] R. Lloyd Parry (1997) “Kyoto Summit: Greenhouse Optimist Takes The Stage With Lunatic Fringe”,  The Independent, 10 December; p 8
+
#{{note|78}} P. Brown & M. Oliver (2004) “Top Scientist Attacks Us Over Global Warming”, The Guardian, 9 January; http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,1119070,00.html
 
+
#{{note|79}} A. Freedman (2004) “Climate Change: Weather Channel Tunes To Changing Climate”, Greenwire, 5 January, Vol. 10, No. 9
[42] R. Brunet (1997) “It Just Ain't So, Say These Reputable Scientists”, Alberta Report, 10 November, v.24(48) N 10'97 p20-21; P. Brown & J. Vidal (1997) ”Environment: Who Killed Kyoto?”, The Guardian, 29 October
+
#{{note|80}} http://www.cei.org/gencon/019,03797.cfm
 
+
#{{note|81}} http://www.cei.org/gencon/019,03790.cfm
[43] Inside Energy (1997) “Hagel Warns Clinton Climate Plan Risks ‘Economic Disaster' For US”, 3 November, p4   
+
#{{note|82}} http://www.cei.org/gencon/003,03805.cfm
 
 
[44] J. Adler (1997) “Measuring the White House Effect”, Washington Times, 5 October, pB1
 
 
 
[45] M. Lewis (1999) Kyoto Lobby Kills Small Businesses, The Washington Times, 4 March, pA19  
 
 
 
[46] U.S. Newswire (1999) “Where's the Warming? Unusual Weather Does Not Equal Climate Change, Says CEI”, 14 April
 
 
 
[47] H. J. Hebert (1999) “New Rules For Parks Air Quality”, The Record (Bergen County, NJ), 22 April, pA19  
 
 
 
[48] Greenwire (2000) “Lawmakers, Groups Sue Over National Assessment On Climate Change”, 5 October,
 
 
 
[49] D. Knight (2001) “Environment: Report Says Global Warming Measures Can't Wait”, Inter Press Service, 23 January.  
 
 
 
[50] Akron Beacon Journal (Ohio) (2001) “Energy Costs Behind Reversal, Bush Says Price Worries, Not Pressure From Lobbyists, Made About-Face On Emissions Necessary, President Says”, 15 March,  
 
 
 
D. Samuelsohn & C. Luccioli (2001) “Congress' Response Swift As Bush Reverses Co2 Policy”, Environment and Energy Daily, 15 March, Vol. 10, No. 9
 
 
 
[51] J. Lowy (2001) “Bush Faulted On Climate Reversal”,  Scripps Howard News Service, 14 March
 
 
 
E. Pianin (2002) “'Big Coal' Swayed Bush;  Industry Lobbied Against Pledge to Reduce Emissions”, The Washington Post, 23 May, p A04.
 
 
 
[52] J. Kemp (2001) “Yet Another Attack On The Economy”, The San Diego Union-Tribune, 6 March.
 
 
 
[53] Tim Cornwell (2001) “Being The President Can Be A Dirty Job”, The Scotsman, 30 March, p9
 
 
 
[54] U.S. Newswire (2001) “Experts Available For Comment On The Demise Of The Kyoto Protocol”, 29 March.
 
 
 
[55] E. Nakashima (2001) “Clinton 'Holdovers' Targeted; Conservatives Fault Bush Transition Pace”, The Washington Post, 23 March, pA23
 
 
 
[56] Jeff Ostrowski (2001) “Global Warming no Threat, Fla. Insurers Say”,  Cox News Service, 30 May; National Public Radio (2001) “National Academy Of Sciences Releases Study Of UN Climate Change Report”, 7 June
 
 
 
[57] Investors Business Daily (2002) “Politics Or Principle?” 19 February, p 19; D. Samuelsohn, & J.L. Laws (2002) “White House Plan Marks Turf Amid Already-Contentious Debate”, Environment and Energy Daily, 15 February.  
 
 
 
[58] F. Pearce (2003) “US Court Case Challenges Climate Change Warning”, New Scientist, 11 October,  
 
 
 
[59] G. Archibald (2002) “White House Defends U-Turn On Global Warming”, The Washington Times, 4 June, pA9  
 
 
 
[60] C. Holly (2002) “Conservatives Howl - Bush Administration Report Changes Tune On Global Warming, Cites Fossil Fuel Link”, Energy Daily, 4 June: Volume 30, Number 106; C. Holly (2002) “Administration Changes Tune On Warming”, White House Weekly, 4 June.
 
 
 
[61] Ebell, M (2002)  Email to Phil Cooney, 3 June; P. Harris (2003) “Bush Covers Up Climate Research”, The Observer, 21 September  
 
 
 
[62] G. Karey (2002) “Bush Rejects EPA Climate-Change Report”, Platt's Oilgram News, 5 June, Vol. 80, No. 107; Pg. 5  
 
 
 
[63] K. Q. Seelye (2002) “President Distances Himself From Global Warming Report”, The New York Times, 5 June, p23
 
 
 
[64] D. Whipple (2002) “Analysis: Climate Report Marks Watershed”, United Press International, 8 June.  
 
 
 
[65] F. Pearce (2003) “US Court Case Challenges Climate Change Warning”, New Scientist, 11 October,  
 
 
 
[66] By M. Lewis (2002) “Multi-pollutant Madness”, The Washington Times, 12 June, PA17
 
 
 
[67] Africa News (2002) “Corporate-funded Lobbyists Aimed to Sabotage Johannesburg Summit”, 19 August
 
 
 
[68] Africa News (2002) “Corporate-funded Lobbyists Aimed to Sabotage Johannesburg Summit”, 19 August
 
 
 
[69] M. Ivins (2003) “When is up Down and Black White? When Bush Calls his Plan ‘Clear Skies’”, The Beacon Journal, 21 September.
 
 
 
[70] http://www.cei.org/gencon/027,03433.cfm
 
 
 
[71] http://www.cei.org/gencon/003,03465.cfm
 
 
 
[72] S. Leahy (2003) “Environment: Climate-Change Panel Ensnared In Politics”, Inter Press Service, 3 November.
 
 
 
[73] Oil & Gas Journal (2003) “US Senate Junks Mandatory Climate Change Emissions Plan”, 10 November, p34 10
 
 
 
[74] J. McCaslin (2003) “Just Say Nyet”, Washington Times, 7 October.  
 
 
 
[75] D. Samuelsohn (2003) “Climate Change: CEI, White House Resolve Suit With New; Disclaimer Over Data Quality”, Greenwire, 7 November.
 
 
 
[76] J. Lowy (2003) “Govt.: 2003 Likely Third-Warmest Year on Record”, Scripps Howard News Service, 16 December
 
 
 
[77] P. Brown (2004) “An Unnatural Disaster, The Guardian, 8 January; http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,1118244,00.html
 
 
 
[78] P. Brown & M. Oliver (2004) “Top Scientist Attacks Us Over Global Warming”, The Guardian, 9 January; http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,1119070,00.html
 
  
[79] A. Freedman (2004) “Climate Change: Weather Channel Tunes To Changing Climate”, Greenwire, 5 January, Vol. 10, No. 9
+
==Notes==
[80] http://www.cei.org/gencon/019,03797.cfm
+
<references/>
[81] http://www.cei.org/gencon/019,03790.cfm
+
[[Category:Far-Right Think-Tanks (GM)]][[Category:GM]][[Category:Corporate Science (GM)]][[Category:GM Lobby Groups]]
[82] http://www.cei.org/gencon/003,03805.cfm
+
[[Category:Think Tanks]]
 +
[[Category:Climate Change Sceptics]]
 +
[[Category:Climate]]

Latest revision as of 09:45, 14 October 2016

Global warming.jpg This article is part of the Climate project of Spinwatch.

Competitive Enterprise Institute, founded in 1984, says it "has grown into a $3,000,000 institution with a team of nearly 40 policy experts and other staff".[1]

One of the most important and vociferous anti-environmental think tanks in Washington, it is the main climate change-sceptical organisation in Washington as well as promoting "Sound Science" and denigrating environmentalists.

It is described by PR Watch as "an ideologically-driven, well-funded front for corporations opposed to safety and environmental regulations that affect the way they do business".[2]

It has close working relationship with other right wing think tanks as well as the Wise Use Movement. It is a member of the Wise Use umbrella organisation, the Alliance for America. [1]


Projects/Issues

CEI belongs to various conservative alliances, including the Alliance for America, Get Government Off Our Backs, the National Consumer Coalition (a pro-corporate front group headed by Frances Smith, the wife of CEI founder Fred Smith), and the Environmental Education Working Group (EEWG), a national umbrella group for organizations working to undermine environmental education in schools. It also sponsors several other subsidiary organizations, including:

Conko and Prakash – Pro-Biotech

CEI affiliates Gregory Conko and C.S. Prakash are two of the most vociferous proponents of biotech in the US. Prakash is professor of plant genetics at Tuskeegee University in Alabama, and a co-founder of the AgBioWorld Foundation along with Conko. According to his biography, "Dr. Prakash has also been actively involved in enhancing the societal awareness of food biotechnology issues around the world. His Internet website http://www.AgBioWorld.org has become an important portal, disseminating information and promoting discussion on this subject among stakeholders such as scientists, policy makers, activists and journalists. He recently served on the USDA's Agricultural Biotechnology Advisory Committee and continues to serve on the Advisory Committee for the Department of Biotechnology for the government of India". [3]

Prakash claims that his newsletter 'AgBioView' is read by more than 4,000 experts in 55 countries, and is "widely recognized as a premier news outlet on agbiotech issues because of its broad focus on technical, societal and ethical issues". [4]

But some of the material on AgBioView is highly suspect. According to GMWatch, "Prakash also shares the antipathy of the extreme right towards those with environmental concerns. Some of the material he has posted on his AgBioView list has accused critics of GM crops of fascism, communism, imperialism, nihilism, murder, corruption, terrorism, and even genocide; as well as of being worse than Hitler and on a par with the mass murderers who destroyed the World Trade Centre". [5]

Also the AgBioView list was central in undermining important research published by Nature that concluded that maize in Mexico had been contaminated. Some of the most virulent attacks against the research were on AgBioView discussion group. Prakash says that the AgBioWorld website "played a fairly important role in putting public pressure on Nature." [6]

The first attacks on the website were traced back to false e-mails linked to Monsanto’s PR company Bivings and Monsanto itself. There are also unresolved issues on whether AgBioWorld had also been set up by Bivings. [7]

Prakash was also at the announcement in May 2003 by US Trade Representative Robert B. Zoellick and Agriculture Secretary Ann Veneman that the United States - joined with Argentina, Canada, and Egypt - would file a World Trade Organization (WTO) case against the European Union (EU) over its "illegal five-year moratorium on approving agricultural biotech products".

Also at the announcement were T.J. Buthelezi, a farmer of biotech crops from South Africa; Dr. Diran Makinde, Dean of the School of Agriculture, University of Venda for Science and Technology, South Africa; and Dr. Ariel Alvarez-Morales, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Irapuato, Mexico. [8] Conko was also at the press conference.

Later that day, all the above appeared at a CEI seminar in Washington "to speak out against the European Union's moratorium on trade in genetically engineered foods. Agricultural experts from around the world will discuss the negative impact of the EU moratorium on the developing world and urge the United States government to mount a World Trade Organization challenge".

The conference was addressed by Conko, Prakash and Nobel Prize winner and GM proponent Norman Borlaug, as well as Professor Makinde, Dr. Ariel Alvarez-Morales and TJ Buthelezi. [9] Buthelezi has been paid by Monsanto and the biotech industry. GM Watch notes that "with their assistance he has been brought to Washington, Brussels, Pretoria, St. Louis, London, Johannesburg, and Philadelphia to help promote GM foods". [10]

Conko used the conference to argue that, "The European Union's refusal to license new biotech crops is a clear and blatant violation of its obligations under trade treaties it has signed and ratified," said Competitive Enterprise Institute Director of Food Safety Policy Gregory Conko. "More importantly, it poses a genuine threat to the health and well-being of people throughout the developing world." [11]

Both Prakash and Conko work with other biotech proponents. Prakash has travelled overseas to speak at a number of events on behalf of the US State Department, including at the US embassy in London. He has also spoken at a debate staged by the right-wing Institute of Economic Affairs in London in 2000, [12] and at the Seeds of Opportunity conference chaired by British contrarian Philip Stott in 2001. Also attending were known GM proponents such as Phil Dale, from the John Innes Center, and Lord Dick Taverne from Sense About Science as well as leading members of the UK's Royal Society. [13]

Conko has also worked with other right-wing activists such as Kendra Okonski, who used to be at the CEI and who now works at the IPN on trade related issues, calling for "more open trade, lower subsidies and better protection of property rights". [14]

He has written articles with Henry I. Miller of the Competitive Enterprise Institute and Hoover Institution, one of which argues that the "new biotechnology pose no inherent risks" despite evidence to the contrary. [15] Another article on biotechnology suggests that the UN Biosafety Protocol was based on "trade protectionism" and "anti-science fearmongering", [16] which was originally published on the European Science and Economic Forum website (see below). [17]

In March 2003 Conko took part in a debate on 'GM food: should labelling be mandatory?' which was organised by the ex-Living Marxism organisation Spiked and the International Policy Network, at the London office of PR company Hill and Knowlton. [18] At the meeting Conko argued against any requirement to label GM foods. [19]

Climate

The CEI has a long-standing opposition to Kyoto and a commitment to debunking climate science. In 1996, RJ Smith said that "after the US State Department announced they were going to call for mandatory controls in Kyoto, we said, 'What do we do? How do we stop this?'" At a strategy meeting held in November 1996, participants included Ray Evans from Australia's Western Mining Corporation, along with a senior world vice-president for Ford Motors, the then American Petroleum Institute Executive Director William O'Keefe, and Dick Lawson, the executive director of the US National Mining Association. [20]

In February, Fred Smith warned that the insurance industry may use climate change as a way of off-loading liability onto taxpayers, comments that were dismissed by the insurance industry. [21]

In July 1997 the CEI held the first of its anti-Kyoto conferences in Washington. Entitled "The Costs of Kyoto", the speakers included Fran Smith from the Wise Use group Consumer Alert, Patrick Michaels from Cato Institute and British contrarian Wilfred Beckerman from Oxford University. There was also Australian Embassy Chief of Mission Paul O'Sullivan and Brian Fisher from the Australian Bureau of Agriculture and Resource Economics (ABARE), whose funders include Rio Tinto, Texaco, Mobil Oil, Exxon, the Australian Coal Association, the Australian Aluminum Council and Statoil, the Norwegian oil company. [22] Beckerman is author of Small Is Stupid: Blowing the Whistle on the Greens which argues that global warming is "no cause for alarm". [23]

Next came a conference in Canberra, whose speakers included US Senator Malcolm Wallop, who chairs the Frontiers of Freedom Institute, who said: "This conference is the first shot across the bow of those who expect to champion the Kyoto Treaty".

Other speakers were Patrick Michaels from Cato again, along with US Senator Chuck Hagel (known sceptic), US Congressman John Dingell (known sceptic), and Richard Lawson, President and Chief Executive Officer of the US National Mining Association. [24] Later that year they worked with the Heartland Institute to expose "the junk science and flawed economics often used in the debate over global warming." [25]

In the run up to Kyoto, the CEI employed a double PR strategy of singing the benefits of climate change and also talking about the economic catastrophe that was Kyoto. Fred Smith argued there were four benefits of climate change: "The growth rate of plants would increase faster than anyone thinks possible. Agricultural growing regions would expand northward. There'd be a reduction in heating needs, which is more than the cost of cooling. And warm is healthy". [26]

CEI statements also argued that climate change would create "a milder, greener, more prosperous world" and that Kyoto was a "power grab based on deception and fear". [27] The CEI also organised a rally of the Cooler Heads Coalition, where leading climate sceptic Republican Senator Chuck Hagel of Nebraska warned that Kyoto would create an "economic disaster" and hurt US national security. [28]

Jonathan Adler, then of the CEI, dismissed fears about climate change: "Indeed, the more that is known, the less it seems that humans have to fear from global warming. The indications are that a warmer world would be far more benign than previously imagined. One recent study found no indication that global warming would produce killer heat waves in urban areas, environmentalist claims notwithstanding. Another in the British journal Nature suggested that global warming poses little threat to polar ice caps. Indeed, the report suggested that some ice shelves should expand, not melt, if the Earth warms. So much for the greenhouse apocalypse". [29]

In 1999, similar or related claims were to follow. Kyoto would "kill small business". [30] The "unusual weather does not equal climate change." [31] GOP Contender Dan Quayle lambasted Al Gore at the CEI, accusing him of promoting a global warming policy based on findings that were "highly debatable" with "no scientific consensus." [32]

The CEI continued to work against Kyoto through 2000. In October they filed a lawsuit against the then President Bill Clinton, alleging he illegally expanded the scope of, and spending on, a report by the US Global Change Research Program on climate change for political reasons which would have assisted Vice President Gore's presidential campaign. "At this point, [the national assessment] is opinion and advocacy, not science," said Christopher Horner from CEI, adding, "That's not what Congress asked for." Co-plaintiffs included Reps. Joseph Knollenberg (R-Mich.) and Jo Ann Emerson (R-Mo.), Sen. James Inhofe (R-Okla.), Consumer Alert, 60-Plus Association, and the Heartland Institute. [33]

In January 2001, with Clinton gone, the CEI attacked the IPCC's scientists who predicted that the Earth's temperature could rise by as much as 5.8 degrees Celsius over the coming century. Myron Ebell retorted that, "The summary's scary predictions of much faster warming are based on discredited global climate computer models." [34]

March 2001 signalled the true intent of the Bush administration and the CEI claimed to play an intricate part in helping formulate its position. Firstly, President Bush "stunned environmentalists" by reversing a campaign pledge that his administration would not regulate power plants' emissions of carbon dioxide as a pollutant. The CEI claimed a "great victory and everyone should congratulate themselves on the work they did to achieve this end." [35]

A letter from Adjunct Fellow Jack Kemp, who served for 18 years in the House of representatives as a Republican, praised the Bush Administration over its handling of climate change. His letter credited the CEI with providing Bush with the "intellectual support and political cover to 'do the right thing' on carbon dioxide emissions". Myron Ebell claimed that the Kyoto Protocol was now "a walking corpse. We want to keep that corpse walking as long as possible". [36] Kemp labelled Kyoto as "eco-extremism" based on "phony science" and "fear-mongering". [37]

Secondly, the Bush Administration rejected the Kyoto Protocol. "We had been working towards it," said Myron Ebell, "But it's so surprising because its a bold move, so decisive and so unlike his father, who would have fudged or have done something to paper it over." [38]

"Leading opponents of the Kyoto Protocol" put forward by the CEI included Myron Ebell, Christopher Horner, Frances Smith, the chairman of the National Consumers Coalition, Paul Georgia of the Cooler Heads newsletter, and John Carlisle from the National Center for Public Policy Research (subsequently the Capital Research Center). [39]

The CEI was also active in opposing any members of the Clinton administration left in post by the incoming Bush team, one of whom was Ian Bowles, in charge of international environmental issues at the National Security Council. "We thought the election was a break in policies," said Myron Ebell. "...[Bowles] is a zealot who believes that global warming is a problem and that Kyoto is the answer. It seems to me the administration would be better served by getting people who represented the Bush administration much more quickly." [40] It was no surprise therefore that Myron Ebell was named Villain of the Month by Clean Air Trust for his "ferocious lobbying charge to persuade President Bush to reverse his campaign pledge to control electric utility emissions of carbon dioxide."

Later that year Ebell was still talking about the "benign" effects of climate change and attacked the IPCC as "alarmist in order to support the global warming treaty. If they didn't do it, they would be out of a job." [41]

In early 2002, when Bush outlined his "Clean Skies" proposals for clean air and to tackle climate change, Myron Ebell called it "a misguided concession to environmental alarmism." Meanwhile the plan was attacked by environmentalists. Carl Pope, executive director of the Sierra Club, called the program a "Valentine's Day gift to corporate polluters" that "will do nothing to curb global warming." [42]

In May 2002, the US EPA, in consultation with other departments, published the Climate Action Report 2002, to be submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention's Climate Change secretariat. The report warned that climate change was a clear and present threat to the US, based on predictions from modelling undertaken by the respected Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research in the UK. [43] It stated: "Greenhouse gases are accumulating in the earth's atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing global mean surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise." [44]

The Competitive Enterprise Institute was at the centre of overt and covert action to undermine the US EPA's report on climate change and change the Bush administration position.

Firstly the CEI claimed that the EPA report violated an agreement made in September 2001 between the White House, CEI and other groups and three members of Congress settling a lawsuit challenging a national climate change assessment report released in 2000 by the Clinton administration.

"For the EPA now to accept the National Assessment's findings as valid undermines and contradicts President Bush's global warming policies," said Ebell. "The EPA needs to be told that the Clinton Administration is gone and Al Gore did not win the election." According to the CEI, the Bush administration agreed to withdraw and repudiate the 2000 report after that document was challenged in a lawsuit brought by Sen. James Inhofe (R-Okla.), Reps. Joe Knollenberg (R-Mich.) and Jo Ann Emerson (R-Mo.), as well as CEI and other right-wing groups, who claimed it was based on "junk science". [45]

A leaked e-mail from dated 3rd June 2002 from Myron Ebell to Phil Cooney, chief of staff at the White House Council on Environmental Quality, started by saying "Thanks for calling and asking for our help." It then goes on to say, "I want to help you cool things down." The e-mail discusses possible tactics for playing down the report and getting rid of EPA officials, including its then head, Christine Whitman. "It seems to me that the folks at the EPA are the obvious fall guys and we would only hope that the fall guy (or gal) should be as high up as possible." [46]

Ebell advised Cooney that he was "willing and ready to help, but it won't be possible to do much without some sort of backtracking from the Administration."

Just two days later, Bush repudiated the EPA report as having been "put out by the bureaucracy," reiterating his opposition to the Kyoto Protocol. "The Kyoto treaty would severely damage the United States economy," he said. "And I don't accept that." [47]

Christopher C. Horner welcomed the move saying that Mr. Bush had distanced himself from the report "because of concern from the right that he was going to accept the European environmental world view, that he had changed his mind as the report indicated he had." [48]

The CEI also filed a petition with the administration "to prevent the distribution of a fatally flawed report on global warming", [49] accusing the EPA of publishing "knowingly fictional" science. [50]

It also publicly wrote to the Bush Administration attacking the EPA's line on climate change in a co-ordinated letter, whose signatories read like a long list of right-wing groups, Wise Use and known climate-change sceptics.

Later that month (June 2002), the CEI criticised the "Clean Power Act" [S. 556] proposed by Senator James Jeffords, Vermont Independent, and the "Clean Smokestacks Act" proposed by Henry Waxman [H.R. 1256], which would have established new controls on power plant emissions of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, mercury and carbon dioxide, as "Multi-pollutant madness". [51]

By August 2002 and the UN Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, the CEI was one of 31 conservative individuals and groups, including the American Enterprise Institute, Atlas Economic Research Foundation, Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow, Capitol Research Center, Heartland Institute and National Center for Policy Analysis who wrote again to Bush to applaud his decision not to attend the WSSD and to keep climate change off the agenda:

"Even more than the Earth Summit in Rio (de Janeiro) in 1992, the Johannesburg Summit will provide a global media stage for many of the most irresponsible and destructive elements involved in critical international economic and environmental issues," said the letter. "Your presence would only help to publicize and make more credible their various anti-freedom, anti-people, anti-globalization, and anti-Western agendas." Bush declined the invitation to attend. [52]

The groups argued that "potential" global warming is "the least important global environmental issue" and the letter calls upon US negotiators attending the summit in Johannesburg to "keep it off the table and out of the spotlight." [53]

Two state attorney generals have asked Attorney General John Ashcroft to investigate because the memo "reveals great intimacy between CEI and [the administration] in their strategizing about ways to minimize the problem of global warming. It also suggests the CEQ may have been directly involved in efforts to undermine the United States' official report, as well as the authority of the EPA administrator." [54]

In April 2003 the CEI co-ordinated another letter, this time to The Honorable Mr. Pete Domenici, Chairman of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, on the subject of climate:

"The undersigned organizations write to share our views... Because we share your commitment to policies that will promote continuing abundant supplies of affordable energy to American consumers and producers, we were surprised to find that your committee's draft contains a climate change title. We believe that this title is ill considered and, if enacted in anything like its present form, its effects will in the long run overwhelm the many positive elements in the bill. It would in our view create the institutional and legal framework and the political incentives necessary eventually to force Kyoto-style energy rationing on the American people.
Even more disturbingly to us, it would set us on this path without engaging in a full national debate over its enormous consequences. Instead, including this climate title in comprehensive energy legislation seems to assume that the debate is over, even though that debate has never occurred. It seems to us that before we settle on the main provisions of this climate title, we would first have to agree that global warming alarmism is scientifically warranted, that there are benefits as wells as costs to these policies, and that it is inevitable we are soon going to be living in a carbon-constrained world...
Sincerely,
Fred Smith and Myron Ebell - Competitive Enterprise Institute
Paul M. Weyrich - Coalitions for America
Grover Norquist - Americans for Tax Reform
Malcolm Wallop - Frontiers of Freedom
David A. Keene - American Conservative Union
Paul Gessing - National Taxpayers Union
James L. Martin - 60 Plus Association
James P. Backlin - Christian Coalition of America
Amy Ridenour - National Center for Public Policy Research
Darrell McKigney - Small Business Survival Committee
Richard Lessner - American Renewal
Tom DeWeese - American Policy Center
Chuck Muth - Citizen Outreach
Steven Milloy - Citizens for the Integrity of Science
Ronald Pearson - Council for America
Kevin L. Kearns - US Business and Industry Council
Dennis Avery - Hudson Institute
Jim Boulet, Jr. - English First
Joan L. Hueter - American Council for Immigration Reform
C. Preston Noell, III - Tradition, Family, Property, Inc.
Benjamin C. Works - Strategic Issues Research Institute of the US (SIRIUS)" [55]

The following month The CEI and 32 other right-wing organisations raised "concerns about the approach Congress is taking to climate change policy in a joint letter to House International Relations Committee Chairman Henry Hyde" (R-IL).

In a letter, the groups "explain the flaws with alarmist statements about climate change and science contained in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee's State Department authorization bill, urging the House committee not take the same path. The Senate committee findings include exaggerations, misleading statements, out-of-context citations, and reliance on discredited sources. The Committee adopted resolutions based on these flawed premises."

"In our view, the resolutions are even more flawed than the findings," wrote Myron Ebell, Director of Global Warming Policy at CEI. "The first two resolutions recommend that the US adopt Kyoto-style policies to limit energy use by American consumers. The third resolution urges the US to extend the Kyoto Protocol by negotiating a second round of binding limits on greenhouse gas emissions."

The letter continued: "The Kyoto Protocol is a dead end... and so too are all similar approaches based on forcing cuts in carbon dioxide emissions. Adopting Kyoto-style policies would have enormous economic costs without making significant reductions in greenhouse gas levels. Just at the moment that the Kyoto Protocol is collapsing and other industrialized countries that have ratified the Protocol are discovering that they cannot meet their targets is not the time to jump back on the Kyoto bandwagon."

Signed by:

The CEI has also filed other lawsuits and challenges against other government agencies who have issued reports on climate change, such as the EPA and the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, calling their work unscientific. [57]

In 2003, the CEI attacked the US domestic Lieberman-McCain Bill on climate that would have regulated carbon dioxide emissions. Myron Ebell called it "pointless political grandstanding and a shameless con game". [58] Christopher C. Horner, another fellow, said it would cripple "America's economy in the name of a hysterical and spectacularly debunked theory". [59]

In November the CEI claimed a "victory" after they dropped their lawsuit against the Bush administration and its top scientific advisor, in exchange for the admission that a climate policy document written under the Clinton administration had not been subject to federal data quality guidelines. The Bush administration added two sentences to the US Global Change Research Program's (USGCRP) website explaining that a government report on climate change included third party information not produced by federal institutions, which were therefore not bound by the federal Data Quality Act. The CEI had taken issue with the 2000 report as it stated that global warming was likely to lead to hotter summers, warmer winters, and more extreme weather, including flood and drought. [60]

In December 2003 two of the US government's top atmospheric scientists argued in a paper in Science that that there was no doubt that human activity was already having a measurable impact on global climate. In response Myron Ebell argued that climate change was "nothing new" and "It isn't much to worry about." [61]

The following month, the CEI's anti-climate work continued unabated as an article published in Nature magazine concluded that one million species might become extinct because of climate change, [62] and that the UK's Chief scientist warned that climate change was a more serious threat to the world than terrorism. [63] The same week Myron Ebell was quoted in the US press as saying, "I don't think man-made climate change is an important issue." [64]

Ian Murray wrote an op-ed piece for Tech Central Station that attacked the article in Nature. Murray called the story "flimsy", arguing it should be "laughed out of the court of public opinion." [65] The month before, Murray had attacked "environmental alarmists" and "statist environmentalists" for their position on climate change. He also remarked that, "we should remember 2003 as the year that saw the death of the most economically damaging idea ever to come out of the United Nations, the Kyoto Protocol on climate change." [66]

On the 12 January, the CEI and ten other right-wing think tanks and front groups wrote to the Department of Energy, urging them not to establish "a system of emissions credits as part of its greenhouse gases reporting program." It was joined by the American Conservative Union, Americans for Tax Reform, American Legislative Exchange Council, Citizens Against Government Waste, Citizens for a Sound Economy, Consumer Alert, Frontiers of Freedom, National Taxpayers Union, 60 Plus Association, and the Small Business Survival Committee. According to the CEI, a "credit program would mobilize lobbying for energy rationing schemes such as the Kyoto Protocol, Senator Jim Jeffords' Clean Power Act, and the McCain-Lieberman Climate Stewardship Act." [67]

People

Principals

  • Jack Kemp The CEI's "Distinguished Fellow" served four years as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and as the US Representative from New York state (18 years). In 1996, he was nominated by then Senator Bob Dole as the Republican Party's vice presidential candidate.

Scholars/Fellows

  • Ronald Bailey Editor, Earth Report 2000. Is the science correspondent for Reason Magazine and, most recently, the editor of the Competitive Enterprise Institute book Global Warming and Other Eco-Myths [72] published by Prima Publishing. He is also the author of ECO-SCAM: The False Prophets of the Ecological Apocalypse.

Board

Funding

The CEI does not publish a list of its institutional donors, but the following companies and foundations are known to have given $10,000 or more:

Other known CEI funders include:

Exxon has donated $1 million to the CEI since 1998. [76]

According to an article by Bob Burton for IPS, Monsanto has also been amongst CEI's funders.[5]

Contact

References

  1. ^ http://www.cei.org/pages/about.cfm
  2. ^ http://www.prwatch.org/improp/cei.html
  3. ^ http://www.clearproject.org/reports_afa.html
  4. ^ http://www.sourcewatch.org/wiki.phtml?title=Competitive_Enterprise_Institute
  5. ^ Source Greenpeace - data from company reports for 98, 00, 01, 02 – data not available for 99 and pre-98.
  6. ^ http://www.biosafety-info.net/bioart.php?bid=170&ac=st
  7. ^ http://www2.TechCentralStation.com/1051/searchauthor.jsp?Bioid=BIOHORNERCHRISTOPHER
  8. ^ http://www2.TechCentralStation.com/1051/searchauthor.jsp?Bioid=BIOLIEBERMANBEN
  9. ^ http://www.cei.org/dyn/view_bio.cfm/31
  10. ^ http://www2.TechCentralStation.com/1051/searchauthor.jsp?Bioid=BIOMURRAYIAIN
  11. ^ http://www.cei.org/gencon/026,03198.cfm
  12. ^ http://www.TechCentralStation.com/biolewismarlo.html
  13. ^ http://www.TechCentralStation.com/biomillerhenry.html
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Notes

  1. "About CEI", Competitive Enterprise Institute website, version placed in web archive January 27 2002, accessed in web archive April 27 2009
  2. "Impropaganda Review: Competitive Enterprise Institute", PR Watch, version placed in web archive 7 November 2001, accessed in web archive 27 April 2009
  3. Donors Trust, 990 Form, 2014
  4. Donors Trust, 990 Form, 2013
  5. Bob Burton, "US struggles in rearguard campaign for GE crops", IPS-Inter Press Service, 1 April 2004, accessed 11 May 2009