Difference between revisions of "European Policy Centre"

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==EPC in Action==
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[[File:Logo epc.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Logo of the [[European Policy Centre]], circa November 2011]]
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{{Template:Lobbying_Portal_badge}}
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The [[European Policy Centre]] (EPC) is a pro-business European think tank, founded in 1996/7. It was formerly known as the [[Belmont European Policy Centre]] created in 1991. It is committed to making European integration work and enjoys an influential position within European politics and business circles. Its members include companies, professional and business federations, trade unions, diplomatic missions, regional and local bodies, as well as NGOs representing a broad range of civil society interests, foundations, international and religious organisations.<ref> European Policy Centre, [http://www.epc.eu/about.php About Us: Mission Statement] accessed 1st November 2011 </ref> The EPC defines its mission as "contributing to the construction of Europe", and to achieve this it "encourages a debate among all significant interest groups and channels the results to policy-makers". It makes no secret of placing "special emphasis on strengthening the interface of government with business". <ref> European Policy Centre, [http://www.epc.eu/about.php About Us: Mission Statement] accessed 1st November 2011 </ref>  The EPC is one of the most prominent EU think tanks it relies on both corporate funding and public money. EPC spokespeople often appear in the media as neutral commentators. <ref> Corporate Europe Observatory, [http://archive.corporateeurope.org/docs/lobbycracy/lobbyplanet.pdf Lobby Planet: Brussels the EU Quarter] July 2005, accessed 1st November 2011 </ref>
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The [[European Policy Centre]] is based in Résidence Palace 155 rue de la Loi Brussels, a formerly a luxury apartment block that now contains offices for the [[Council of the European Union]], the [[European Council]] and some Belgian government offices. Others who use the building include media organisations, think tanks including [[Lisbon Council]] and the journo-lobbying website [[TechCentralStation]] (that [[Corporate Europe Observatory]] describes as "an aggressive US journo-lobbying website funded by companies like [[Microsoft]], [[Exxon]] and [[McDonalds]]. The website www.Tech CentralStation.be is full of the kind of furious attacks on environmental and social legislation that are more commonly associated with radio talkshows from the US mid-west". <ref> Corporate Europe Observatory, [http://archive.corporateeurope.org/docs/lobbycracy/lobbyplanet.pdf Lobby Planet: Brussels the EU Quarter] July 2005, accessed 1st November 2011 </ref> The EPC makes no secret of its pro business stance "We are action oriented and we believe that business must be more involved in public policies."<ref> Quoted in "Crossing the Business and Political Divide", by Rory Watson, the European Voice 9-15 July 1998. </ref> 
  
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[[Corporate Europe Observatory]] report:
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==History==
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:"We are action oriented and we believe that business must be more involved in public policies." {{ref|note1}}
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The Centre, as the EPC calls itself, was established in January 1997 by a trio of prominent public affairs people, [[Stanley Crossick]], godfather of Brussels lobbying; [[Max Kohnstamm]], former vice president of the [[Jean Monnet Action Committee]]; and [[John Palmer]], former European editor of The ''Guardian''. In 1991 Crossick, Kohnstamm and Palmer had founded the [[Belmont European Policy Centre]], which was the predecessor of the EPC.  
  
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The Centre, as the EPC calls itself, was established in January 1997 by the trio of [[Stanley Crossick]], godfather of Brussels lobbying; {{ref|note2}} [[Max Kohnstamm]], former vice president of the [[Jean Monnet Action Committee]]; and [[John Palmer]], former European editor of The ''Guardian''. {{ref|note3}} The EPC defines its mission as "contributing to the construction of Europe", and to achieve this it "encourages a debate among all significant interest groups and channels the results to policy-makers". It makes no secret of placing "special emphasis on strengthening the interface of government with business". {{ref|note4}}
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The EPC's bias towards industry is well reflected in the composition of its advisory board, which together with the advisors' team helps the three founders run the Centre, and also in its membership. The Centre claims to include trade unions, but in fact the only representative is [[Emilio Gabaglio]], secretary-general of the [[European Trade Union Confederation]] (ETUC), well-known for its constructive approach towards neo-liberal European Union policies.  
  
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The EPC's bias towards industry is well reflected not only in the composition of its advisory board, which together with the advisors' team helps the three founders run the Centre, but also in its membership. The Centre claims to include trade unions, but in fact the only representative is [[Emilio Gabaglio]], secretary-general of the [[European Trade Union Confederation]] (ETUC), well-known for its constructive approach towards neoliberal European Union policies.
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There are no other representatives of 'civil society' involved. However, the board does include six European parliamentarians, five former directors-general and a vice president of the [[European Commission]], journalists from newspapers such as ''Le Monde'' and the ''Financial Times'', corporate directors from [[Philips]] and [[Mars]], and influential industrialists such as [[Peter Sutherland]] (former European commissioner and [[GATT]] director and current chairman of [[British Petroleum]] and [[Goldman Sachs]] International); the former and current [[ERT]] secretary generals [[Keith Richardson]] and [[Wim Philippa]]; [[UNICE]] secretary general [[Dirk Hudig]], and [[Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa]] from the executive board of the [[European Central Bank]]. The EPC enjoys significant financial support from its corporate members such as [[ABB]], [[BAT]], [[BP]], [[British Telecom]] and [[Solvay]] -- all members of the [[European Roundtable of Industrialists]] (ERT) -- and other large corporations such as [[Dow]], [[DuPont]], [[Philip Morris]] and [[SmithKline Beecham]]. In exchange, these corporate donors are provided services such as regular contact with decision makers.<ref> Corporate Europe Observatory, [http://archive.corporateeurope.org/docs/lobbycracy/lobbyplanet.pdf Lobby Planet: Brussels the EU Quarter] July 2005, accessed 1st November 2011 </ref>
  
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There are no other representatives of 'civil society' involved. However, the board does include six European parliamentarians, five former directors-general and a vice president of the [[European Commission]], journalists from newspapers such as ''Le Monde'' and the ''Financial Times'', corporate directors from [[Philips]] and [[Mars]], and influential industrialists such as [[Peter Sutherland]] (former European commissioner and [[GATT]] director and current chairman of [[British Petroleum]] and [[Goldman Sachs]] International); the former and current [[ERT]] secretary generals [[Keith Richardson]] {{ref|note5}} and [[Wim Philippa]]; [[UNICE]] secretary general [[Dirk Hudig]], and [[Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa]] from the executive board of the [[European Central Bank]]. The EPC enjoys significant financial support from its corporate members such as [[ABB]], [[BAT]], [[BP]], [[British Telecom]] and [[Solvay]] -- all members of the [[European Roundtable of Industrialists]] (ERT) -- and other large corporations such as [[Dow]], [[DuPont]], [[Philip Morris]] and [[SmithKline Beecham]]. In exchange, these corporate donors are provided services such as regular contact with decision makers. {{ref|note6}} {{ref|CEO}}
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==Lobbying Transparency==
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The EPC were the first major Think Tank to sign up to the EU's voluntary transparency register. Although they claim that the only interest they represent is the interest of the EU as a whole. <ref> European Policy Centre, [http://www.epc.eu/press_room_details.php?release_id=4 EPC signs up to Transparency Register] 14 January 2010, accessed 8th November 2011 </ref>
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==EPC & Science ==
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The European Policy Centre analysed the role of science in the decision-making of the European Union and made a number of recommendations
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on how to the improve the use of science by EU institutions. <ref> Editorial [http://toxminds.biz/pdf_publications/TP-Editorial-RTP-2006.pdf Science and politics: From science to decision making] ''Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology'', 44 (2006) 1–3, accessed 7th November 2011 </ref> <ref> Bruce Ballantine, [http://se1.isn.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/.../doc_10849_290_en.pdf  EPC Working Paper No 17. Enhancing the role of science in the decision-making of the European Union] ''European Policy Centre'', 2005, accessed 7th November 2011 </ref>
  
 
==EPC: Roundtable on Alcohol Related Harm==
 
==EPC: Roundtable on Alcohol Related Harm==
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The EPC were asked to chair a series of four meetings intended to‘identify areas of agreement between the stakeholders as to actions that can contribute effectively to the reduction of [alcohol-related] harm and indicate where and why there is disagreement, and in so doing help create confidence between stakeholders’ {{ref|7}}.  These meetings facilitated by the EPC who invited a number of industry stakeholders, public health NGOs the [[European Commission]] members states and academic experts.  The substance of these meetings involved working through 78 issues related to alcohol policy presented by the [[European Commission]] in an informal draft of their communication on Alcohol.  Each item was graded on the basis of a traffic lights system, green issues were broadly aggreeable to all present and 68 of the measures were, to the surprise of helath campaigners green.  Seven were amber, indicating no overall agreement but that some compromises might be reached. Three were categorised as red issues where the industry simply refused to negotiate {{ref|8}}
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{{Template:Alcohol badge}}
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In 2001 the European Commission had begun the process of developing an alcohol strategy for Europe, which initially involved gathering information on the extent of alcohol related harm and possible policy solutions.  By 2006 the initial European Alcohol Strategy were being slowly introduced.  The alcohol industry were against a Europe wide strategy, but were keen for any action to be based on self regulation of the industry.    
  
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In 2005 and 2006, just before the introduction of the strategy, DG Sanco asked the European Policy Centre (EPC) to host four meetings between the alcohol industry and health NGOs.  These Round Table on “Alcohol related harm: ways forward” aimed to reach consensus on policy interventions and to ‘identify areas of agreement between the stakeholders as to actions that can contribute effectively to the reduction of alcohol-related harm and indicate where and why there is disagreement, and in so doing help create confidence between stakeholders’.<ref> Corporate Europe Observatory, [http://www.corporateeurope.org/observer2/epc.html Part One: The European Policy Centre] European Think Tank Series, Issue 2, October 1998, </ref> According to the [[Institute of Alcohol Studies]] these meetings were "At the behest of the [alcohol] Industry, DG SANCO officials organised roundtable discussion through the aegis of the European Policy Centre, between representatives of the Commission, Member States, Industry and NGOs to discuss the draft proposals for a European Alcohol Policy Strategy". <ref> Rutherford, D. (2006) [http://www.ias.org.uk/What-we-do/Publication-archive/The-Globe/Issue-3-2006/Editorial.aspx AIS Editorial] The Globe Issue accessed 28th October 2013 </ref>
  
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The meetings involved working through 78 issues or policy proposals related to alcohol harm reduction that were presented by the [[European Commission]] in an informal draft of their communication on Alcohol.  Participants graded each item using a traffic lights system, green issues were broadly agreeable to all present, amber a possibility and red a clear no.  68 of the measures were marked green,  Seven were amber, indicating no overall agreement but that some compromises might be reached.  Three were categorised as red issues where the industry simply refused to negotiate. <ref> Anderson & Baumberg, [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01713.x Alcohol Policy: Who should sit at the table?] ''Addiction Volume'' 102, No. 2 pp 335-336 (online subscription required)</ref>
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Dr [[Peter Anderson]], author of the Alcohol In Europe report (2006) commented “The European Policy Centre (EPC) describes itself as ‘an independent, not-for-profit think tank, committed to making European integration work’.  Its independence is, of course, ensured by the fact that its prime corporate members and sponsors include [[InBev]], the world’s largest brewer and [[Philip Morris]] International”. <ref> Anderson & Baumberg, [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01713.x Alcohol Policy: Who should sit at the table?] ''Addiction Volume'' 102, No. 2 pp 335-336 (online subscription required)</ref> The final outcome of this process, and other consultations resulted in the launch of the [[European Alcohol and Health Forum]].
  
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Dr [[Peter Anderson]], author of the Alcohol In Europe report (2006) commented “The European Policy Centre (EPC) describes itself as ‘an independent, not-for-profit think tank, committed to making European integration work’.  Its independence is, of course, ensured by the fact that its prime corporate members and sponsors include InBev, the world’s largest brewer and Philip Morris International” {{ref|9}}.  The final outcome of this process, and other consultations resulted in the launch of the [[European Alcohol and Health Forum]].
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In 1998 [[Diageo]] and The [[Weinberg Group]] helped set up a [[European Policy Centre]] Forum.  Correspondence shows a representative of [[Diageo]] trying to organise a discount for a booking made by [[Weinberg Group]] for a forum run by the EPC.  <ref> Legacy Library, [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/documentStore/l/m/g/lmg63a99/Slmg63a99.pdf Fax to Sarah Bennett BLRA from Andrea Livett of Diageo] 10th March 1998, accessed 7th November 2011 </ref>.  [[Weinberg Group]] are well known for their work assisting tobacco, alcohol and chemical industry.
  
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==People==
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==Tobacco Industry Work==
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According to ASH:
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:"The European Policy Centre (EPC) is a well respected Brussels based think tank that BAT has used as the key consultancy group, sometimes alongside the [[Weinberg Group]] to help with lobbying to ensure policy makers are legally obliged to include tobacco companies’ opinions in European policymaking development and decision making processes. The EPC had the particular advantage that it had developed a broad profile and received funding from the European Commission allowing it to acquire insider status in policy making circles" <ref> ASH, [http://www.ash.org.uk/SmokeFilledRoom Smoke Filled Room] 2010, accessed 7th November 2011 </ref>
  
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*[[Peter Sutherland]] (President); Chairman, [[Goldman Sachs]] International; Chairman of [[BP]] plc
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The EPC were part of a policy network used by [[British American Tobacco]] (BAT) to make changes to EU treaties in order to minimise legislative burdens on business. From 1995 BAT organised other corporate actors, including the EPC, [[Shell]], [[Zeneca]], [[Tesco]], [[SmithKline Beecham]], [[Bayer]] and [[Unilever]], to mount a multi-year lobby campaign aiming at shaping the EU's impact assessment, to ensure regulations would undermine public health rather than reduce the profitably of business. This rendered EU policy even more pro-business. BAT's use of a policy network distanced the tobacco industry form the lobbying efforts and obscuring the tobacco industry's involvement. The research also found evidence of tobacco and chemical industries using the changes to delay or weaken legislation to improve public health.  <ref> Katherine E. Smith Gary Fooks, Jeff Collin, Heide Weishaar, Sema Mandal1, Anna B. Gilmore, [http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/comments/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000202;jsessionid=85CF08459ECA45C816B0D270B1277B95.ambra02 Working the System”—British American Tobacco's Influence on the European Union Treaty and Its Implications for Policy: An Analysis of Internal Tobacco Industry Documents] ''Public Library of Science'', 12th January 2010, accessed 7th November 2011</ref> The [[European Policy Centre]] and the [[Weinberg Group]] were central to [[British American Tobacco]]'s approach.  <ref> Leigh Phillips, [http://euobserver.com/19/29252 Big tobacco distorted EU treaty, scientists say] ''EUobserver'' 13th January 2010, accessed 7th November 2011 </ref>
  
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*[[Max Kohnstamm]] (Honorary President); Former Vice-President of the [[Jean Monnet Action Committee]]; former President of the [[European University Institute]], Florence
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BAT were also helped by a UK consultancy, [[Charles Barker]],  
  
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*[[Karel Van Miert]] (Vice-President); Former European Commissioner for Competition Policy
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:to work out the advantages of pushing such an approach at the UK and EU levels, the study says. According to the scientists, the firm warned BAT that they would need to tread carefully, lobbying through a 'front' organisation and enlisting other 'big industry names'<ref> Katherine E. Smith1 Gary Fooks, Jeff Collin, Heide Weishaar, Sema Mandal1, Anna B. Gilmore, [http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/comments/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000202;jsessionid=85CF08459ECA45C816B0D270B1277B95.ambra02 Working the System”—British American Tobacco's Influence on the European Union Treaty and Its Implications for Policy: An Analysis of Internal Tobacco Industry Documents] ''Public Library of Science'', 12th January 2010, accessed 7th November 2011</ref>
  
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*[[Antonio Vitorino]] (Vice-President); Former European Commissioner for Justice and Home Affairs
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Ultimately it was the EPC that provided the front. 
  
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*[[David Arkless]] Senior Vice-President Corporate Affairs, [[Manpower]] Inc
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[[David Byrne]], Commissioner for Health and Consumer Protection 1999-2004 was reportedly shocked: ‘I would be absolutely astonished and would find it very difficult to believe if there was any available information which tended to indicate that the European Policy Centre was advocating on behalf of the tobacco industry – that would be shocking’. <ref> Campaign against Euro-federalism, [http://www.caef.org.uk/d123howlbby.html Working the system Lobbying by transnational corporations] May/June 2011 (no. 123), accessed 7th November 2011 </ref>
  
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*[[Stephen Badger]] Vice-President, [[Mars]] Incorporated
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==Funding==
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The EPC is financed by membership and subscription fees, grants from philanthropic organisations and from EU funds.  In 2010 donations amounting to € 800,000 were received from three philanthropic foundations,  the [[Compagnia di San Paolo]] (based in Turin) the [[King Baudouin Foundation]], based in Brussels and the [[Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation]] in Portugal. The EPC also received an operating grant of €145,556 from the EU budget under the ‘Europe for Citizens’ programme.<ref> European Union, [http://ec.europa.eu/transparencyregister/public/consultation/displaylobbyist.do?id=89632641000-47 European Policy Centre] ''Transparency Register'', 29th July 2011, accessed 7th November 2011 </ref> 
  
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*[[Antony Burgmans]] Chairman of [[Unilever]] NV; Vice-Chairman of Unilever plc
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==Affiliations==
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*EPC are members of the [[European Economic Governance Monitor]] which is a consortium of think tanks based in Belgium [[European Policy Centre]] (EPC), France [[Institut Francais des Relation Internationales]] (IFRI), the French Institute of International Relations; Italy [[Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale]] (ISPI), the Institute for International Political Studies; [[Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik]] (SWP) the German Institute of International and Security Affairs;  and in the UK, [[Chatham House]].  <ref> European Union, [http://ec.europa.eu/transparencyregister/public/consultation/displaylobbyist.do?id=89632641000-47 European Policy Centre] ''Transparency Register'', 29th July 2011, accessed 7th November 2011 </ref>
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*The [[Weinberg Group]]
  
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*HE [[Dipak Chatterjee]] Ambassador of India to Belgium and Luxembourg and to the European Union
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==People==
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===Governing Board===
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*[[Philippe de Schoutheete de Tervarent]] Former Permanent Representative of Belgium to the EU
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====Circa 2011====
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*'''Chair''' [[Meglena Kuneva]] Former European Commissioner for Consumer Protection
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*[[Stéphane Ducable]] Director of External Affairs, [[Microsoft]] EMEA
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*'''Members''':  [[Marionne Barge-Van Engelen]] Executive Search, [[Russell Reynolds Associates]] | [[Giancarlo Chevallard]] Chairman of the Board; [[Paralleli]], Turin | [[Anna Fornalczyk]] Partner, [[COMPER Fornalczyk & Partners General Partnership]]; former President of the Anti-monopoly Office in Poland | [[Hans Martens]] Chief Executive, [[European Policy Centre]] Secretary (non-voting) | [[Umberto Morelli]] Director, [[Centro studi sul Federalismo]], Turin | [[Gerrit Rauws]] Director, [[King Baudouin Foundation]] | [[Louis Verbeke]] Member of the Brussels Bar, Chairman and Professor at the Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School<ref>EPC [http://www.epc.eu/about_board.php Governing Board], accessed 8 November 2011</ref>
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*[[Alan Dukes]] Director General, [[Institute of European Affairs]], Dublin
 
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*[[Gareth Evans]] President, [[International Crisis Group]]
 
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*[[Piero Gastaldo]] Secretary General, [[Compagnia di San Paolo]]
 
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*[[Xavier Gizard]] General Secretary, [[Conférence des Régions Périphériques Maritimes d'Europe]]
 
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*[[Sylvie Goulard]] Associated Research Fellow at [[CERI]] (Paris); Teacher at Sciences Po (Paris) and College of Europe (Brussels)
 
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*[[Craig Kennedy]] President, [[German Marshall Fund]] of the United States
 
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*[[Erkki Liikanen]] Chairman of the Board, [[Finland's Bank]]; former European Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society
 
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*[[Tony Long]] Director, [[WWF]] European Policy Office
 
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*[[Donald MacInnes]] Chief Executive, [[Scotland Europa]]
 
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*[[Rory Macmillan]] Director, Government Affairs - EMEA, [[Nike]]
 
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*[[Erika Mann]] Member of the European Parliament; Chair of Management Committee of [[Transatlantic Policy Network]]
 
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*[[John Monks]] Secretary-General of [[European Trade Union Confederation]]
 
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*[[Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa]] Former Member of the Executive Board, [[European Central Bank]]
 
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*[[Robin Pauley]] President, European Affairs, [[BT]] Group
 
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*[[Wim Philippa]] Secretary-General, [[European Round Table of Industrialists]]
 
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*[[Gaëtane Ricard-Nihoul]] Secretary-General, [[Notre Europe]]
 
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*[[Maria João Rodrigues]] Professor of Economics at the University of Lisbon, Member of the European Employment Task Force
 
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*[[Witold Sartorius]] Co-ordinator of Programmes, [[Foundation for Economic Education]], Warsaw
 
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*Sir [[David Sieff]] Non-Executive Director, [[Marks & Spencer]]
 
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*[[Luc Tayart de Borms]] Managing Director, [[King Baudouin Foundation]]
 
  
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*[[Helen Wallace]] Director, [[European University Institute]], Florence
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===Advisory Council===
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*'''EPC Advisory Board 2011'''
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[[Peter Sutherland]] (President); Chairman, [[Goldman Sachs]] International; Chairman of [[BP]] plc  | Lord Kerr of Kinlochard, [[John Kerr]] (Vice-President) Former UK Ambassador to the EU | [[Erika Mann]] (Vice-President) Senior Fellow, [[Atlantic Council]]; former Member of  European Parliament | [[David Arkless]] Senior Vice-President Corporate Affairs, [[Manpower]] Inc | [[Leszek Balcerowicz]] Former Chairman of the [[National Bank of Poland]] | [[Jaimini Bhagwati]] Ambassador, Embassy of India to the Kingdom of Belgium and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg & The Mission of India to the European Union | [[Hans Blix]] Chairman, [[Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission]] | [[Olivier Boutellis-Taft]] Chief Executive, [[Federation of European Accountants]] | [[Vladimir Chizhov]] Ambassador, Permanent Representation of the Russian Federation to the European Communities | [[Philippe de Buck]] Director General, [[BUSINESSEUROPE]] | [[Andrew Duff]] Member of the [[European Parliament]] | [[Pal Dunay]] Director, [[Teleki Laslo Institute]], Budapest | [[Jan Eliasson]] Former Minister for Foreign Affairs of Sweden and President of the [[United Nations General Assembly]] | [[José Gregório Faria]] Special Adviser, [[Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian]] | [[Piero Gastaldo]] Secretary General, [[Compagnia di San Paolo]] | [[Hanns Glatz]] Partner, [[CNC]] - Communications & Network Consulting AG  | [[Sylvie Goulard]] Associated Research Fellow at [[CERI]] (Paris); Teacher at Sciences Po (Paris) and College of Europe (Brussels) Member of [[European Parliament]] President of European Movement in France  | [[Rolf Gustavsson]] Correspondent, [[Svenska Dagbladet]] | [[Ross Hornby]] Ambassador, Canadian Mission to the European Union | [[Danuta Maria Hübner]] Member of the [[European Parliament]]; former European Commissioner for Regional Policy | [[Hywel Ceri Jones]] Former Chairman of the [[European Policy Centre]], Director of the [[Network of European Foundations]] (NEF) | [[Jan Karlsson]] Former Minister for Migration and Development Cooperation; former Co-Chair of the Global Commission for International Migration | [[Craig Kennedy]] President, [[German Marshall Fund]] of the United States | [[Gerald Knaus]] President of the Executive Board, [[European Stability Institute]] | [[Joost Lagendijk]] Senior Adviser, [[Istanbul Policy Center]] | [[Allan Larsson]] Former [[European Commission]] Director-General for DG Employment | [[Erkki Liikanen]] Chairman of the Board, [[Finland's Bank]]; former European Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society | [[Donald MacInnes]] Chief Executive, [[Scotland Europa]] | [[Alan Mayhew]] Jean Monnet Professor and Professorial Fellow, Sussex European Institute, University of Sussex | [[Rory Montgomery]] Ambassador, Permanent Representation of Ireland to the European Union | [[John Monks]] Secretary-General of [[European Trade Union Confederation]] | [[Rainer Mûnz]] Head of Research & Development, [[Erste Bank]] | [[Jan Niessen]] Director, [[Migration Policy Group ]] | [[Dáithí O'Ceallaigh]] Director General, [[Institute of European Affairs]], Dublin | [[Dick Oosting]] Chief Executive Officer, [[European Council of Foreign Relations]] | [[John Palmer]] Former Political Director, [[European Policy Centre]] | [[Wim Philippa]] Secretary-General, [[European Round Table of Industrialists]] | [[Poul Nyrup Rasmussen]] Former President of the Party of European Socialists, European Parliament  | [[Scott C Ratzan]] Vice President, Global Health, [[Johnson & Johnson]]  | [[Maria João Rodrigues]] Professor of Economics at the University of Lisbon, Member of the European Employment Task Force | [[Eberhard Sandschneider]] [[Otto-Wolff]]-Director, Research Institute, [[German Council on Foreign Relations]] | [[André Sapir]] Professor of Economics, ECARES, Université Libre de Bruxelles | [[Witold Sartorius]] Co-ordinator of Programmes, [[Foundation for Economic Education]], Warsaw | [[Jacek Saryusz-Wolski]] Chairman of European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs | [[Wolfgang Schüssel]] Former Federal Chancellor of Austria | [[Peter Semneby]] Former EU Special Representative for the South Caucasus  | [[Jamie Shea]] Deputy Assistant Secretary General for Emerging Security Challenges, [[NATO]] | [[Larry Stone]] President Group Public and Government Affairs, [[BT]] | [[Ingmar Streese]] Head of Public Affairs Europe, [[Mars]], [[Public Affairs Europe]] | [[Rita Süssmuth]] President, [[German Bundestag]] | [[Pavel Swieboda]] President, [[demosEUROPA]] – [[Centre for European Strategy]] | [[Luc Tayart de Borms]] Managing Director, [[King Baudouin Foundation]] | [[François Trémeaud]] Former Executive Director, [[International Labour Organization]] | [[Loukas Tsoukalis]] President, [[Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy]] | [[John Vassallo]] Director of External Affairs, [[Microsoft]] EMEA | [[Antonio Vitorino]] Former European Commissioner for Justice and Home Affairs | [[Helen Wallace]] Director, [[European University Institute]], Florence, School of Economics and Political Science [[London School of Economics]] | [[Graham Watson]] Member of the European Parliament | [[Monika Wulf-Mathies]] Managing Director Policy and Environment, [[Deutsche Post World Net]]; Adviser to Germany's Chancellor; former European Commissioner for Regional Policy.
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*'''EPC Advisory Board June-September 2010'''
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[[Peter Sutherland]] (President) Chairman, [[Goldman Sachs]] International | [[Max Kohnstamm]] (Honorary President) Former Vice-President of the [[Jean Monnet Action Committee]]; former President of the [[European University Institute]], Florence | Lord [[John Kerr]] of Kinlochard (Vice-President) Former UK Ambassador to the EU | [[David Arkless]] Senior Vice-President Corporate Affairs, [[Manpower]] Inc | [[Stephen Badger]] Vice-President, [[Mars]] Incorporated | [[Leszek Balcerowicz]] Former Chairman of the [[National Bank of Poland]] | [[Jaimini Bhagwati]] Ambassador, Embassy of India to the Kingdom of Belgium and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg & The Mission of India to the European Union | [[Hans Blix]] Chairman, [[Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission]] | [[Vladimir Chizhov]] Ambassador, Permanent Representation of the Russian Federation to the European Communities | [[Stanley Crossick]] Founding Chairman, [[European Policy Centre]] | [[Philippe de Buck]] Director General, [[BUSINESSEUROPE]] | [[Gijs de Vries]] Former EU Counter-terrorism Coordinator | [[Alan Dukes]] Former Director General, [[Institute of European Affairs]], Dublin | [[Pal Dunay]] Director, [[Teleki Laslo Institute]], Budapest | [[Piero Gastaldo]] Secretary General, [[Compagnia di San Paolo]] | [[Paul Gillespie]]  Foreign Editor, The [[Irish Times]] | [[Hanns Glatz]]  Partner, CNC – [[Communications & Network Consulting AG]] | [[Sylvie Goulard]] Member of the European Parliament, President of [[European Movement in France]] | [[Borut Grgic]] Director, [[Institute for Strategic Studies]], Slovenia | [[Rolf Gustavsson]] Correspondent, [[Svenska Dagbladet]] | [[Ross Hornby]]  Ambassador, Canadian Mission to the European Union| [[Hywel Ceri Jones]] Former Chairman of the [[European Policy Centre]], Director of the [[Network of European Foundations]] (NEF) | [[Jan Karlsson]] Former Minister for Migration and Development Cooperation; former Co-Chair of the [[Global Commission for International Migration]] | [[Craig Kennedy]] President, [[German Marshall Fund of the United States]] | [[Gerald Knaus]] President of the Executive Board, [[European Stability Institute]] | [[Joost Lagendijk]] Senior Adviser, [[Istanbul Policy Center]] | [[Allan Larsson]] Former European Commission Director-General for DG Employment | [[Erkki Liikanen]] Chairman of the Board, [[Bank of Finland]] | [[Donald MacInnes]] Chief Executive, [[Scotland Europa]] | [[Erika Mann]] Senior Fellow,[[Atlantic Council]]; former Member of European Parliament | [[John Monks]] General Secretary, [[European Trade Union Confederation]] | [[Rainer Mûnz]] Head of Research & Development, [[Erste Bank]] | [[Jan Niessen]] Director, [[Migration Policy Group]] |[[Nobutake Odano]] Ambassador, Japanese Mission to the EU | [[Dick Oostings]] [[European Council of Foreign Relations]] | [[Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa]] Italian Minister of Economy and Finance | [[John Palmer]] Former Political Director, [[European Policy Centre]] | [[Wim Philippa]] Secretary-General, [[European Round Table of Industrialists]] | [[Poul Nyrup Rasmussen]] former President of the [[Party of European Socialists]], European Parliament | [[Scott C Ratzan]] Vice President, Global Health, [[Johnson and Johnson]] | [[Conny Reuter]] President, [[Platform of European Social NGOs]] | [[Gaêtane Ricard-Nihoul]] Secretary-General, [[Notre Europe]] | [[Eberhard Sandschneider]] [[Otto-Wolff]]Director, Research Institute, [[German Council on Foreign Relations]] | [[André Sapir]] Professor of Economics, ECARES, Université Libre de [[Bruxelles | [[Witold Sartorius]] President, ]Foundation for Economic Education]] (Poland) | [[Jacek Saryusz-Wolski]] Chairman of European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs | [[Jamie Shea]] Director of Policy Planning, Private Office of the Secretary General, [[NATO]] | [[Larry Stone]] President Group Public and Government Affairs, [[BT]] | [[Pavel Swieboda]] President, [[demosEUROPA]] - Centre for European Strategy | [[Luc Tayart de Borms]] Managing Director, [[King Baudouin Foundation]] | [[François Trémeaud]] Former Executive Director, [[International Labour Organization]] | [[Loukas Tsoukalis]] President, [[Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy]] | [[John Vassallo]] Director of External Affairs, [[Microsoft]] EMEA | [[Helen Wallace]] Centennial Professor, [[European Institute]], [[London School of Economics and Political Science]] | [[Graham Watson]] Member of the European Parliament | [[Monika Wulf-Mathies]] Policy Adviser to the Board of Management, [[Deutsche Post DHL]]; Adviser to Germany's Chancellor; former European Commissioner for Regional Policy | [[John Wyles]] former Senior Partner, [[GPlus Europe]] | Ex-officio [[Maria João Rodrigues]] Professor of Economics at the University of Lisbon, Member of the European Employment Task Force | [[Antonio Vitorino]] Former European Commissioner for Justice and Home Affairs. 
 +
*'''EPC Advisory Council December 2008'''
 +
[[Peter Sutherland]] (President) Chairman, [[Goldman Sachs International]]; Chairman of [[BP]] plc | [[Max Kohnstamm]] (Honorary President) Former Vice-President of the [[Jean Monnet Action Committee]]; former President of the European University Institute, Florence | Lord [[John Kerr]] of Kinlochard (Vice-President) Former UK Ambassador to the EU | [[David Arkless]] Senior Vice-President Corporate Affairs, [[Manpower]] Inc | [[Stephen Badger]] Vice-President, [[Mars]] Incorporated | [[Leszek Balcerowicz]] Former Chairman of the [[National Bank of Poland]] [[Karel Van Miert]] (Vice-President) Former European Commissioner for Competition Policy | [[Hans Blix]] Chairman [[Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission]] | [[Jocelyne Cesari]] Professor of Islamic Studies, [[Harvard University]] | [[Dipak Chatterjee]]  Ambassador of India to Belgium and Luxembourg and to the European Union | [[Vladimir Chizhov]] Ambassador of the Permanent Representation of the Russian Federation to the European Communities | [[Stanley Crossick]] Founding Chairman of the [[European Policy Centre]] | [[Philippe de Buck Secretary General, [[BUSINESSEUROPE]] | [[Philippe de Schoutheete de Tervarent]] Former Permanent Representative of Belgium to the EU | [[Gijs de Vries]] Former EU Counter-terrorism Coordinator | [[Stéphane Ducable]] Director of External Affairs, [[Microsoft]] EMEA | [[Alan Dukes]] Director General [[Institute European Affairs]] Dublin | [[Pal Dunay]] Director, [[Teleki Laslo Institute]], Budapest | [[Gareth Evans]] President, [[International Crisis Group]] | [[Piero Gastaldo]] Secretary General, [[Compagnia di San Paolo]] | [[Paul Gillespie]] Foreign Editor The [[Irish Times]] | [[Xavier Gizard]] General Secretary [[Conférence des Régions Périphériques Maritimes d'Europe]] | [[Sylvie Goulard]] President [[French European Movement]]  | [[Rolf Gustavsson]] Correspondent, [[Svenska Dagbladet]] | [[Ross Hornby]] Ambassador of Canada to the EU | [[Hywel Ceri Jones]] Former Chairman of the [[European Policy Centre]] and Director of the [[Network of European Foundations]] (NEF) | [[Craig Kennedy]] President [[German Marshall Fund of the United States]] | [[[[Gerald Knaus]] President of the Executive Board, [[European Stability Institute]] |[[Ivan Krastev]] Chair of Board for [[Liberal Strategies]], Sofia | [[Joost Lagendijk]] Chair of the EU-Turkey Delegation, European Parliament | [[Erkki Liikanen]] Chairman of the Board, [[Bank of Finland]] | [[Donald MacInnes]]  Chief Executive, [[Scotland Europa]] | [[Rory Macmillan]] Director Government Affairs [[Nike]] EMEA | [[Erika Mann]] Member of European Parliament, Chair of Management Committee of [[Transatlantic Policy Network]] | [[John Monks]] General Secretary, [[European Trade Union Confederation]] | [[Nobutake Odano]] Ambassador of Japanese Mission to the European Union | [[Dick Oosting]] Europe Director, [[International Center for Transitional Justice]] | [[[[Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa]] Italian Minister of Economy and Finance | [[John Palmer]] Former Director [[European Policy Centre]] | [[[[Wim Philippa]] Secretary-General, [[European Round Table of Industrialists]] | [[Poul Nyrup Rasmussen]] President of the [[Party of European Socialists]], European Parliament | [[[[Scott C Ratzan]] Vice President, Government Affairs, Europe, [[Johnson & Johnson]] | [[Conny Reuter]] President of the [[European Social NGOs]] |  [[Gaëtane Ricard-Nihoul]]  Secretary-General, [[Notre Europe]] | [[Eberhard Sandschneider]] [[Otto-Wolff-Director]], Research Institute, [[German Council on Foreign Relations]] | [[André Sapir]] Senior Fellow, [[BRUEGEL]] | [[Witold Sartorius]] Co-ordinator of Programmes, [[Foundation for Economic Education]], Warsaw | [[[[Jacek Saryusz-Wolski]] Chairman of EP Committee on Foreign Affairs | [[Jamie Shea]] Director, Policy Planning, Private Office of the Secretary General, [[NATO]] | Sir [[David Sieff]] Non-executive Director [[Marks and Spencer]] | [[Chris Spear]] Vice President Government Relations Europe, Middle East and Africa, [[Honeywell]] | [[Marc Spelman]]  Head of European Strategy, [[Accenture]] UK | [[Larry Stone]] President Group Public & Government Affairs [[BT]] | [[Pavel Swieboda]] President [[demosEUROPA]]- Centre for European Strategy | [[Luc Tayart de Borms]] Managing Director, [[King Baudouin Foundation]] | [[François Trémeaud]] Former Executive Director, [[International Labour Organization]] | [[Loukas Tsoukalis]] President of the [[Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy]] | [[Helen Wallace]] Centennial Professor, [[European Institute]], [[London School of Economics and Political Science | [[Graham Watson]] Member of the European Parliament, Chairman of [[Liberals and Democrats for Europe]] | [[Monika Wulf-Mathies]] Managing Director Policy and Environment, [[Deutsche Post World Net]]; Adviser to Germany's Chancellor; former European Commissioner for Regional Policy | [[John Myles]] Senior Partner [[GPlus Europe]] |  Ex-officio [[[[Maria João Rodrigues]] Professor of Economics at the [[University of Lisbon]], Member of the European Employment Task Force | [[Antonio Vitorino]] Former European Commissioner for Justice and Home Affairs
 +
*'''EPC Advisory Council September 12th 2007'''
 +
[[Peter Sutherland]] (President) Chairman, [[Goldman Sachs]] International; Chairman of [[BP]] plc | [[Max Kohnstamm]] (Honorary President) Former Vice-President of the [[Jean Monnet Action Committee]]; former President of the [[European University Institute]], Florence | [[Karel Van Miert]] (Vice-President) Former European Commissioner for Competition Policy | [[David Arkless]] Senior Vice-President Corporate Affairs, [[Manpower]] Inc | [[Stephen Badger]]  Vice-President, [[Mars]] Incorporated | [[Leszek Balcerowicz]] Former Chairman of the [[National Bank of Poland]] | [[Hans Blix]] Chairman, [[Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission]] | [[Jocelyne Cesari]] Professor of Islamic Studies, [[Harvard University]] | [[Dipak Chatterjee]] Ambassador of India to Belgium and Luxembourg and to the European Union | [[Vladimir Chizhov]] Ambassador of the Permanent Representation of the Russian Federation to the European Communities | [[Philippe de Buck]] | Secretary General, [[BUSINESSEUROPE]] | [[Philippe de Schoutheete de Tervarent]] Former Permanent Representative of Belgium to the EU | [[Stéphane Ducable]] Director of External Affairs, [[Microsoft]] EMEA | [[Alan Dukes]] Director General, [[Institute of European Affairs]] Dublin | [[Pal Dunay]] Director, [[Teleki Laslo Institute]], Budapest | [[Gareth Evans]]  President, [[International Crisis Group]] | [[Piero Gastaldo]] Secretary General, [[Compagnia di San Paolo]] | [[Bronislaw Geremek]] Member of the European Parliament | [[Paul Gillespie]] Foreign Editor, The [[Irish Times]] | [[Xavier Gizard]]  General Secretary, [[Conférence des Régions Périphériques Maritimes d'Europe]] | [[Sylvie Goulard]]  Associated Research Fellow at [[CERI]] (Paris); Teacher at Sciences Po (Paris) and College of Europe (Bruges) | [[Rolf Gustavsson]] Correspondent, [[Svenska Dagbladet]] | [[[[Ross Hornby]] Ambassador of Canada to the European Union | [[Takekazu Kawamura]] Ambassador of Japanese Mission to the European Union | [[Craig Kennedy]] President, [[German Marshall Fund of the United States]] | Lord [[John Kerr]] of Kinlochard Former UK Ambassador to the EU | [[Gerald Knaus]] President of the Executive Board, [[European Stability Institute]] | [[Ivan Krastev]] Chair of Board for [[Liberal Strategies]], Sofia | [[Joost Lagendijk]] Member of Delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee, European Parliament | [[Erkki Liikanen]] Chairman of the Board, [[Bank of Finland]] | [[Tony Long]] Director, [[WWF]] European Policy Office | [[Donald MacInnes]]  Chief Executive, [[Scotland Europa]] | [[Rory Macmillan]] Director Government Affairs EMEA [[Nike]] | [[Erika Mann]] Member of the European Parliament; Chair of Management Committee of [[Transatlantic Policy Network]] | [[John Monks]] General Secretary, [[European Trades Union Confederation]] | [[Dick Oosting]] Director, [[Amnesty International]] EU Office | [[Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa]] Former Member of the Executive Board, [[European Central Bank]] | [[Anne-Sophie Parent]] President, [[Platform European NGOs]] | [[Robin Pauley]] President, European Affairs, [[BT]] Group | [[Wim Philippa]] Secretary-General, [[European Round Table of Industrialists]] | [[Poul Nyrup Rasmussen]] President of the [[Party of European Socialists]], European Parliament | [[Gaëtane Ricard-Nihoul]] Secretary-General, [[Notre Europe]] | [[Eberhard Sandschneider]]  [[Otto-Wolf]] Director,  Research Institute, [[German Council on Foreign Relations]] | [[André Sapir]] Senior Fellow, [[BRUEGEL]] | [[Witold Sartorius]] Co-ordinator of Programmes, [[Foundation for Economic Education]], Warsaw | [[Jacek Saryusz-Wolski]] Chairman of EP Committee on Foreign Affairs | [[Jamie Shea]] Director Policy Planning Private Office of the Director General [[NATO]] | Sir [[David Sieff]] Non-executive Director [[Marks and Spencer]] | [[Marc Spelman]] Head of European Strategy, [[Accenture]] UK | [[Pavel Swieboda]]  President [[demosEUROPA]] - Centre for European Strategy | [[Luc Tayart de Borms]] Managing Director, [[King Baudouin Foundation]] |  [[François Trémeaud]] Former Executive Director, [[International Labour Organization]] | [[Loukas Tsoukalis]] President of the [[Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy]] | [[Miguel Veiga-Pestana]] Vice President Global External Affairs, [[Unilever]] | [[Helen Wallace]]  Centennial Professor, [[European Institute]], [[London School of Economics]] and Political Science | [[Graham Watson]]  Member of the European Parliament; Chairman of the [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe]] | [[Maja Wessels]] Senior Vice-President Government Relations, [[Honeywell]] | [[Monika Wulf-Mathies]] Managing Director Policy and Environment, [[Deutsche Post World Net]]; Adviser to Germany's Chancellor; former European Commissioner for Regional Policy | [[John Wyles]] [[GPlus Europe]] | Ex-offcio [[Maria João Rodrigues]] Professor of Economics at the [[University of Lisbon]], Member of the European Employment Task Force | [[Antonio Vitorino]] Former European Commissioner for Justice and Home Affair
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*'''Advisory Council 2nd May 2007 12th September 2007'''
 +
[[Peter Sutherland]] (President) Chairman, [[Goldman Sachs International]]; Chairman of [[BP]] plc | [[Max Kohnstamm]] (Honorary President) Former Vice-President of the Jean Monnet Action Committee; former President of the European University Institute, Florence| [[Karel Van Miert]] Vice President) Former Commissioner for Competition Policy| [[Antonio Vitorino]]  (Vice-President) Former European Commissioner for Justice and Home Affairs| [[David Arkless]], Senior Vice President [[Manpower]] inc | [[Stephen Badger]] Vice President [[Mars]] Incorporated | [[Anthony Burgmans]] Chairman [[Unilever]] NV & Vice Chair [[Unilever]] plc | [[HE Dipak Chatterjee]] Ambassador of India to Belgium and Luxembourg and to the European Union | [[Philippe de Schoutheete de Tervarent]]  Former Permanent Representative of Belgium to the EU | [[Stéphane Ducable]] Director of External Affairs, [[Microsoft EMEA]] | [[Alan Dukes]] Director General [[Institute of European Affairs]], Dublin | [[Gareth Evans]] President [[International Crisis Group]] | [[Piero Gastaldo]]  Secretary General, [[Compagnia di San Paolo]] | [[Xavier Gizard]] Conférence des Régions Périphériques Maritimes d'Europe | [[Sylvie Goulard]] Associated Research Fellow at CERI (Paris); Teacher at Sciences Po (Paris) and College of Europe (Brussels) | [[Craig Kennedy]] President, [[German Marshall Fund of the United States]] |  [[Erkki Liikanen]] Chairman of the Board, [[Finland's Bank]]; former European Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society | [[Tony Long]] Director, [[WWF]] European Policy Office | [[Donald MacInnes]]  [[Scotland Europa]] | [[Rory Macmillan]] Director Government Affairs [[Nike]] EMEA | [[Erika Mann]] Member of the European Parliament; Chair of Management Committee of [[Transatlantic Policy Network]] | [[John Monks]] Secretary-General of [[European Trade Union Confederation]] | [[Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa]] Former Member of the Executive Board, [[European Central Bank]] | [[Robin Pauley]] President, European Affairs, [[BT]] Group | [[Wim Philippa]] Secretary General [[European Round Table of Industrialists]] | [[Gaëtane Ricard-Nihoul]] Secretary-General, [[Notre Europe]] | [[Maria João Rodrigues]] Professor of Economics at the [[University of Lisbon]], Member of the European Employment Task Force |[[Witold Sartorius]] Co-ordinator of Programmes, [[Foundation for Economic Education]], Warsaw |  Sir [[David Sieff]]  Non-Executive Director, [[Marks and Spencer]] | [[Luc Tayart de Borms]] Managing Director, [[King Baudouin Foundation]] | [[Helen Wallace]] Director, [[European University Institute]], Florence | [[Maja Wessels]]
 +
Senior Vice-President Government Relations, [[Honeywell]] | [[Monika Wulf-Mathies]] Managing Director Policy and Environment, [[Deutsche Post World Net]]; Adviser to Germany's Chancellor; former European Commissioner for Regional Policy |
  
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*[[Maja Wessels]] Senior Vice-President Government Relations, [[Honeywell]]
+
==Membership Fees==
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'''Circa 2011'''
 +
Platinum membership is the highest offered by the EPC, however it appears that you are unable to pay for platinum level entry. Subscription charges are for one year’s membership.  Gold membership is open to large multi-national businesses and costs €10, 000 per annum; silver membership is open to medium sized businesses and costs €5, 000 each year, while bronze membership is open to small businesses and costs €2,500.  Professional and Business association membership costs€1 000.  Foundations and Religious organisations can subscribe for €500. Diplomatic Representations are open to missions, embassies and permanent representations the subscription cost ranges between €500 and €1 250. For Inter-Governmental and Governmental Organisations Regional Bodies and Local Authorities subscription costs €1 000 NGOs can join for €500 while Platforms of Non-Governmental Organisations costs slightly more at  €1 000.  <ref> European Policy Centre, [http://www.epc.eu/benefits_and_fees.php Benefits & Fees] accessed 1st November 2011 </ref>
  
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*[[Monika Wulf-Mathies]] Managing Director Policy and Environment, [[Deutsche Post World Net]]; Adviser to Germany's Chancellor; former European Commissioner for Regional Policy
 
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==Members==
 
 
Members listed on The EPC's Website include:
 
Members listed on The EPC's Website include:
 +
*'''5 Platinum Members''':  [[BT]], [[Johnson & Johnson]], [[Manpower]], [[Mars]] (founder company), [[Microsoft]]
 +
*'''Former Platinum Members''': [[Accenture]] | [[Honeywell]] | [[Marks & Spencer]] (founder) [[Nike]]  | [[Unilever]]
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*'''53 Gold Members''': [[ABB Europe]] |  [[Air Liquide]] |  [[Amgen]] | [[BASF Aktiengesellschaft]] |  [[BAT]] |  [[Boeing]] | [[BP]] | [[CEZ Group]] | [[COWI A/S]] |  [[DAIMLER AG]] | [[Deutsche Post DHL]] | [[Deutsche Telekom]] | [[Dow]] |  [[DuPont]] |  [[Elia System Operator]] |  [[EMBRAER, Empresa Brasileira de Aeronautica]] | [[eni]] | [[Ernst and Young]] Europe | [[ExxonMobil]] |  [[Ferrero Group]] - Soremartec  | [[Finmeccanica]] | [[GE]] |  [[GlaxoSmithKline]] | [[Goldman Sachs]] | [[IKEA]] | [[Intel]] | [[International Business Machines of Belgium]] (IBM Belgium) | [[ Kraft Foods International]] |  [[LUKOIL Belgium]] | [[Michelin]] | [[Nestlé]] | [[Nokia Corporation]] | [[Norsk Hydro ASA]] | [[OMV Aktiengesellschaft]] | [[Oracle Corporation]] | [[Philip Morris]] International | [[Philips]] | [[Procter & Gamble]] | [[RTL Group]] | [[Sanofi-Aventis]] | [[Solvay]] | [[Statoil ASA]] | [[Suez Environnement]] | [[Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd]] | [[Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson]] | [[Telenor ASA]] | [[Total]] | [[Toyota]] | [[Türk Telekom]] | [[United Technologies]] | [[UPS]] | [[Vodafone]] | [[White & Case]]
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*'''3 Silver Members''': [[APCO Worldwide]] | [[EPPA]] | [[Trans Adriatic Pipeline]]
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*'''16 Bronze Members''': [[Burson-Marsteller]] | [[Corporate Public & Strategy Advisory Group]] (CPS) | [[Edelman]] ¦ The Centre | [[FIPRA]] | [[Fleishman-Hillard]] | [[FTI Consulting]] | [[GALLUP]] | [[GPlus Europe]] | [[Grayling]] | [[Hill & Knowlton]] | [[IFOK GmbH]] | [[Kreab Gavin Anderson]] |  [[MHP Communications]] | [[Nicholas Phillips Associates]] | [[The Brussels Office]] | [[Weber Shandwick]]
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*'''76 Professional & Business Associations''': [[American Chamber of Commerce to the European Union]] (AmCham EU) | [[Assemblée des Chambres Françaises de Commerce et d'Industrie]] (ACFCI) | [[Association of Chartered Certified Accountants]] (ACCA) | [[Association of Commercial TV in Europe]] (ACT) | [[Association of European Chambers of Commerce & Industry]] (EUROCHAMBRES) | [[Association of Greek Tourism Enterprises]] (SETE) | [[Brazilian Business Affairs]] | [[Brussels Office of the Swedish Trade Unions]] | [[BUSINESSEUROPE]] | [[CEFIC]] | [[Comité des Fabricants de Levure de Panification de l'Union Européenne]] (COFALEC) | [[Confederation of British Industry]] (CBI) | [[Confederation of Businessmen and Industrialists of Turkey]] (TUSKON) | [[Confederation of Danish Industry]] (DI) | [[Confederation of European Community Cigarette Manufacturers]] (CECCM) | [[Confederation of European Paper Industries]] (CEPI) | [[Confederation of Finnish Industries]] EK | [[Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers]] (VNO-NCW) | [[Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise]] (NHO) | [[Confederation of Swedish Enterprise]] | [[Danish Chamber of Commerce]] | [[Delegation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry Paris]]/Ile de France | [[EUCOMED]] | [[EU-Japan Centre for Industrial cooperation]] | [[EuroCommerce]] | [[EuropaBio]] | [[European Automobile Manufacturers Association]] (ACEA) | [[European Cement Association]] (CEMBUREAU) | [[European Coil Coating Association]] (ECCA) | [[European Committe for Cooperation of the Machine Tool Industries]] (CECIMO) | [[European Confederation of Private Employment Agencies]]  (Euro-CIETT) | [[European Cosmetic Toiletry and Perfumery Association]] (COLIPA) | [[European Crop Protection Association]]  (ECPA) | [[European Dairy Association]] (EDA) | [[European Federation for Retirement Provision]] (EFRP) | [[European Federation of Accountants]] (FEE)| [[European Federation of the Ceramics Industry]] (CERAME-UNIE)| [[European Financial Services Round Table]] (EFR) | [[European Flavour and Fragrance Association]] (EFFA) | [[European Foundation for Management Development]] (EFMD) | [[European Landowners' Organisation]] (ELO) | [[European Livestock and Meat Trading Union]] (UECBV) | [[European Organisation for Packaging and the Environment]] (EUROPEN) | [[European Petroleum Industry Association]] (EUROPIA) | [[European Round Table of Industrialists]] (ERT) | [[European Smart Metering Industry Group]] (ESMIG) | [[European Trade Union Confederation]] (ETUC) | [[European Tyre & Rubber Manufacturers' Association]] (ETRMA) | [[Fédération des Entreprises de Belgique]] (FEB) | [[Fertilizers Europe]] | [[Foreign Trade Association]] (FTA) | [[Gas Infrastructure Europe]] (GIE) | [[German Savings Banks and Giro Association]] (Deutscher Sparkassen und Giroverband) (DSGV) | [[Industrial Minerals Association]] (IMA-Europe) | [[International Federation for Animal Health]] (IFAH) | [[International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organisations]] (IFRRO) | [[ International Fur Trade Federation]] (IFTF) | [[International Rayon and Synthetic Fibres Committee]] (CIRFS) | [[Irish Business Bureau]] (IBB) | [[Japan Center for International Finance]] (JCIF) | [[Japan External Trade Organization]] (JETRO Brussels Center) | [[ORGALIME]] | [[PostEurop]] | [[Swiss Business Federation]] (economiesuisse) | The [[Brewers of Europe]] | The [[Confederation of Danish Employers]] (DA) | The [[Danish Association of Lawyers and Economists in Belgium]] (DJØF Belgium) | The [[ European Wind Energy Association]] (EWEA) | The [[Institute for the Accountancy Profession Sweden]] (Far AB)| [[The Oil Companies' European Organisation for Environment, Health and Safety]] (CONCAWE) | The [[Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees]] | [[Turkish Industry & Business Association]] (TÜSIAD) | [[Unico Banking Group]] | [[Union of EU Soft Drinks Associations]] (UNESDA-CISDA) | [[U.S. Chamber of Commerce]] | [[Verband der Chemischen Industrie]] (VCI) |
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*'''27 FOUNDATIONS''': [[Bertelsmann Stiftung]] | [[British Council Brussels]] | [[Centre for European Studies]] | [[Compagnia di San Paolo]] | [[EGMONT - The Royal Institute for International Relations]] | [[European Climate Foundation]] | [[European Cultural Foundation]] (ECF) | [[European Foundation Centre]] (EFC) | [[European Foundation for Democracy]] | [[European Institute of Public Administration]] (EIPA) | [[Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung]] | [[Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian]] | [[Fundación Academia Europea de Yuste]] | [[Fundación Tres Culturas del Mediterráneo]] | [[Generation Europe]] | [[Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung]] | [[Institute of European Affairs]] (IEA) | [[King Baudouin Foundation]] | [[Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung]] | [[Madariaga European Foundation]] | [[Nationale Postcode Loterij]] | [[Open Society Institute]] – Brussels | [[Secure World Foundation]] (SWF) | [[Stiftung Mercator]] | [[Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum]] | [[Transatlantic Policy Network]] (TPN) | [[Ukrainian Foundation for Democracy "People First"]]
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*'''4 GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS''': [[Bundesagentur für Arbeit]] | [[European Institute of Romania]] | [[Finnish Innovation Fund]], (SITRA) | [[Representative Office of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank]]
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*'''15 INTER-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS''': [[Council of Europe]] | [[EFTA Secretariat]] | [[EFTA Surveillance Authority]] (ESA) | [[European Cooperation in Science and Technology]] (COST) | [[European Investment Bank]] (EIB) | [[International Centre for Migration Policy Development]] (ICMPD) | [[International Institute of Administrative Sciences]] (IIAS) | [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF) | [[Japan Bank for International Cooperation]] | [[NATO]] Parliamentary Assembly | [[Regional Cooperation Council]] | [[Secretariat of the Energy Charter]] | [[United Nations]] Office in Brussels| [[World Bank]] EU Office | [[World Health Organization]] (WHO)
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*'''58 NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS''': [[AARP]] | [[Action for Global Health Brussels]] | [[ADEME]] | [[Amnesty International]] | [[ARI Movement]] | [[CARE for Europe]] | [[Caritas Catholica Vlaanderen]] | [[Caritas Europa]] | [[Central Europe Energy Partners]] | [[CHP]] (Turkish social democratic party) EU Office | [[Club of Madrid]] | [[Confrontations Europe]] | [[DCAF Brussels]] | [[EastWest Institute]] | [[Equality and Human Rights Commission]] | [[EU-Georgia Business Council]] (EUGBC) | [[EU-Japan Forum]] | [[EU-Korea Institute]] (EKI) | [[EurActiv.com]] | [[EuroAcademic - European Academic Studies Center]] | [[European Academy of Sciences and Arts]] | [[European Bahá'í Business Forum]] | [[European Centre for Research in Africa, Asia and Latin America]]  (ECRAAL) | [[European Confederation of Junior Enterprises]] (JADE) | [[European Council on Refugees and Exiles]] (ECRE) | [[European Forum of Muslim Women]] | [[European Movement - Cyprus Council]] | [[European Office of Cyprus]] | [[European Renewable Energies Federation]] (EREF) | [[European Stability Initiative]] | [[European Youth Forum]] | [[EU Ukraine Business Council]] | [[Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU]] (FACE) | [[Federation of Islamic organisations in Europe]] (FIOE) | [[Independent Diplomat]] | [[Institute for Economics and Peace]] |  [[Institute for European Environmental Policy]] | [[Institute for Historical Justice and Reconciliation]] | [[Institute for International and European Policy]] | [[Institute of European Studies Macau]] | [[Intercultural Dialogue Platform]] (IDP) | [[International Association for Human Values]] | [[International Center for Transitional Justice]] | [[International Crisis Group]] (ICG) | [[International Security Information Service]] Europe (ISIS) | [[Network of European Foundations for Innovative Cooperation]] (NEF) ) | [[NGO "Corporate Relations Research Center"]] | [[ONE]] | [[Platform of European Social NGOs]] | [[Search for Common Ground]] | The [[Danish European Movement]] | The [[European Azerbaijan Society]]| The [[German Marshall Fund of the United States]] | The [[International Fund for Cooperation and Partnership "Black Sea-Caspian Sea"]] | The [[Pew Environment Group]] | The [[World Organization of the Scout Movement]] (WOSM) | [[Transparency International]] | [[WWF]] European Policy Office 
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*'''37 REGIONAL BODIES AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES''':  [[Assembly of European Regions]] (AER) |  [[Central Denmark EU Office]] |  [[City of Aarhus]]  |  [[City of Vienna - Liaison Office]]  |  [[Conférence des Régions Périphériques Maritimes d'Europe]]  (CRPM) |  [[East-Netherlands Provinces]]  |  [[East Sweden EU Office]]  |  [[EUROCITIES]] |  [[European Affairs Fund]]  |  [[Fundación Galicia Europa]]  | [[Government of Catalonia]]  – Representation to the EU |  [[Hanse-Office]]  |  [[Helsinki EU Office]] |  [[Ile-de-France]] - Europe |  [[Liaison Agency Flanders]] -Europe | [[Mid-Norway European Office]] | [[North Norway European Office]] | [[North Sweden]] |  Office of the [[Northern Ireland Executive]]  | [[Oslo Region European Office]] | [[Province of Limburg]] | [[Representation Office of Carinthia]] | [[Representation of Lower Saxony to the EU]] | [[Representation of the Free State of Bavaria to the European Union]] | [[Representation of the State of Baden-Württemberg to the European Union]] | [[Representation of the State of Bremen to the EU]] | [[Republic of Srpska Representation in Brussels]] | [[Scotland Europa]] | [[Scottish Government]] EU Office | [[Skåne European Office]] | [[South Denmark European]] | [[Steiermark-Büro]] | [[Tampere Region EU Office]] | [[Turkish Cypriot Representation in Brussels]] | [[TURKU-Southwest Finland European Office]] | [[West Finland European Office]] | [[West Norway Office]] | [[West Sweden EU and Representation Office]]
 +
*'''6 Religious Organisations''': [[Church and Society Commission of CEC]] | [[Commission of the Bishops’ Conferences of the EC]] (COMECE) [[European Evangelical Alliance]] | [[Jesuit European Office]], Brussels (OCIPE) | [[Jesuit Refugee Service]] – Europe | [[Rabbinical Centre of Europe]]
 +
*'''3 Others''': [[Aarhus University]], Denmark | [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] | [[Maastricht University]]  <ref> EPC, [http://www.epc.eu/members_list.php Our Members] accessed 1st November 2011 </ref>
  
−
'''Platinum Members'''
+
==Resources, Publications, Contact, Notes==
−
*[[Accenture]]
+
===Resources===
−
*[[BT]]
+
*Corporate Europe Observatory [http://archive.corporateeurope.org/observer2/epc.html EUROPEAN THINK TANK SERIES Part One: The European Policy Centre], ''Corporate Europe Observer'', Issue 2, October 1998
−
*[[Honeywell]]
 
−
*[[Manpower]]
 
−
*[[Marks & Spencer]] (founder)
 
−
*[[Mars]] (founder)
 
−
*[[Microsoft]]
 
−
*[[Nike]]
 
−
*[[Unilever]]
 
−
 
 
−
'''Gold Members'''
 
−
*[[ABB Europe Limited]]
 
−
*[[Agilent]]
 
−
*[[Air Liquide]]
 
−
*[[BASF Aktiengesellschaft]]
 
−
*[[BAT]]
 
−
*[[Boeing]]
 
−
*[[BP]]
 
−
*[[DAIMLER]] AG
 
−
*[[Deutsche Post World Net]]
 
−
*[[Deutsche Telekom]]
 
−
*[[Dow]]
 
−
*[[DuPont]]
 
−
*[[EMBRAER]], Empresa Brasileira de Aeronautica
 
−
*[[Ernst & Young]]
 
−
*[[Exxonmobil]]
 
−
*[[Ferrero Group]] - Soremartec
 
−
*[[General Electric]]
 
−
*[[GlaxoSmithkline]]
 
−
*[[Goldman Sachs]]
 
−
*[[IKEA]]
 
−
*[[InBev]]
 
−
*[[International Business Machines of Belgium]] (IBM Belgium)
 
−
*[[Johnson and Johnson]]
 
−
*[[Kraft]] Foods International
 
−
*[[Lockheed Martin]] Global, Inc.
 
−
*[[McKenna Long & Aldridge]]
 
−
*[[Michelin]]
 
−
*[[Nokia Corporation]]
 
−
*[[Norsk Hydro]] ASA
 
−
*[[Pfizer]]
 
−
*[[Philip Morris]] International
 
−
*[[Philips]]
 
−
*[[Procter & Gamble]]
 
−
*[[Renault]]
 
−
*[[SAS]]
 
−
*[[Solvay]]
 
−
*[[Statoil]] ASA
 
−
*[[Syngenta]]
 
−
*[[Swedish Match]]
 
−
*[[Telekom Austria Group]]
 
−
*[[Telenor]] ASA
 
−
*[[Tetra Pak]]
 
−
*The [[Coca-Cola]] Company
 
−
*[[Total]]
 
−
*[[Toyota]]
 
−
*[[United Technologies]]
 
−
*[[UPS]]
 
−
*[[Visa International]]
 
−
*[[Vodafone]]
 
−
*[[Volvo Group]] Representation, EU
 
−
*[[White & Case]]
 
  
−
==Notes==
+
===Notes===
 +
<references/>
  
−
#{{note|note1}} Quoted in "Crossing the Business and Political Divide", by Rory Watson, the European Voice 9-15 July 1998.
+
[[Category:Alcohol]][[Category:Think Tanks]][[Category:Euro Lobbyists]][[Category:EU Think Tanks]][[Category:Alcohol Industry in the EU]] [[Category:Tobacco Industry in the EU]]
−
#{{note|note2}} Mr. Crossick, a British corporate lawyer who set up his lobby firm in Brussels in 1977, managed to add to the Maastricht treaty a 68-word paragraph worth US$1 to $2 billion per word in savings to the European pension industry. Without these words, pension funds could have been forced to equalize the pension payments they had made to men and women since 1957. Source: "EU: The Brussels Lobbyists and the Struggle for Ear-Time", by Charlemagne, The Economist, 14 July 1998. |
 
−
#{{note|note3}} Crossick, Kohnstamm and Palmer had earlier, in 1991, founded the Belmont European Policy Centre, which was the predecessor of the EPC.
 
−
#{{note|4}} The EPC Website [http://www.europeanpolicycenter.com> Home Page]  
 
−
#{{note|note5}} Keith Richardson is also special advisor to the Centre. Other advisors include Julian Oliver, former chairman of the American Chamber of Commerce's EU Committee.
 
−
#{{note|note6}} Corporate members are divided into four contribution categories: bronze, silver, gold and platinum corresponding to annual 2,500, 5,000, 10,000 and 100,000 Ecu donations. Only founders are considered platinum, Mark & Spencer and Mars.
 
−
#{{note|7}} CEO [http://www.corporateeurope.org/observer2/epc.html Part One: The European Policy Centre] EUROPEAN THINK TANK SERIES, corporate Europe Observer, Issue 2, October 1998
 
−
#{{note|8}}EPC [http://www.theepc.be/home.asp The EPC] Last Accessed July 2007
 
−
#{{note|9}} EPC [http://www.theepc.be/pdf/alcohol.pdf2006 Report of the EPC Roundtable on Alcohol-related harm: ways forward. Brussels, Belgium: European Policy Centre] Last Accessed July 2007
 
−
#{{note|10}} Anderson & Baumberg [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01713.x Alcohol Policy: Who should sit at the table?] Addiction Volume 102, No. 2 pp 335-336 (online subscription required)
 

Latest revision as of 21:33, 23 September 2015

Logo of the European Policy Centre, circa November 2011
Twenty-pound-notes.jpg This article is part of the Lobbying Portal, a sunlight project from Spinwatch.

The European Policy Centre (EPC) is a pro-business European think tank, founded in 1996/7. It was formerly known as the Belmont European Policy Centre created in 1991. It is committed to making European integration work and enjoys an influential position within European politics and business circles. Its members include companies, professional and business federations, trade unions, diplomatic missions, regional and local bodies, as well as NGOs representing a broad range of civil society interests, foundations, international and religious organisations.[1] The EPC defines its mission as "contributing to the construction of Europe", and to achieve this it "encourages a debate among all significant interest groups and channels the results to policy-makers". It makes no secret of placing "special emphasis on strengthening the interface of government with business". [2] The EPC is one of the most prominent EU think tanks it relies on both corporate funding and public money. EPC spokespeople often appear in the media as neutral commentators. [3]

The European Policy Centre is based in Résidence Palace 155 rue de la Loi Brussels, a formerly a luxury apartment block that now contains offices for the Council of the European Union, the European Council and some Belgian government offices. Others who use the building include media organisations, think tanks including Lisbon Council and the journo-lobbying website TechCentralStation (that Corporate Europe Observatory describes as "an aggressive US journo-lobbying website funded by companies like Microsoft, Exxon and McDonalds. The website www.Tech CentralStation.be is full of the kind of furious attacks on environmental and social legislation that are more commonly associated with radio talkshows from the US mid-west". [4] The EPC makes no secret of its pro business stance "We are action oriented and we believe that business must be more involved in public policies."[5]

History

The Centre, as the EPC calls itself, was established in January 1997 by a trio of prominent public affairs people, Stanley Crossick, godfather of Brussels lobbying; Max Kohnstamm, former vice president of the Jean Monnet Action Committee; and John Palmer, former European editor of The Guardian. In 1991 Crossick, Kohnstamm and Palmer had founded the Belmont European Policy Centre, which was the predecessor of the EPC.

The EPC's bias towards industry is well reflected in the composition of its advisory board, which together with the advisors' team helps the three founders run the Centre, and also in its membership. The Centre claims to include trade unions, but in fact the only representative is Emilio Gabaglio, secretary-general of the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC), well-known for its constructive approach towards neo-liberal European Union policies.

There are no other representatives of 'civil society' involved. However, the board does include six European parliamentarians, five former directors-general and a vice president of the European Commission, journalists from newspapers such as Le Monde and the Financial Times, corporate directors from Philips and Mars, and influential industrialists such as Peter Sutherland (former European commissioner and GATT director and current chairman of British Petroleum and Goldman Sachs International); the former and current ERT secretary generals Keith Richardson and Wim Philippa; UNICE secretary general Dirk Hudig, and Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa from the executive board of the European Central Bank. The EPC enjoys significant financial support from its corporate members such as ABB, BAT, BP, British Telecom and Solvay -- all members of the European Roundtable of Industrialists (ERT) -- and other large corporations such as Dow, DuPont, Philip Morris and SmithKline Beecham. In exchange, these corporate donors are provided services such as regular contact with decision makers.[6]

Lobbying Transparency

The EPC were the first major Think Tank to sign up to the EU's voluntary transparency register. Although they claim that the only interest they represent is the interest of the EU as a whole. [7]

EPC & Science

The European Policy Centre analysed the role of science in the decision-making of the European Union and made a number of recommendations on how to the improve the use of science by EU institutions. [8] [9]

EPC: Roundtable on Alcohol Related Harm

Alcohol badge.jpg This article is part of the Spinwatch public health oriented Alcohol Portal project.

In 2001 the European Commission had begun the process of developing an alcohol strategy for Europe, which initially involved gathering information on the extent of alcohol related harm and possible policy solutions. By 2006 the initial European Alcohol Strategy were being slowly introduced. The alcohol industry were against a Europe wide strategy, but were keen for any action to be based on self regulation of the industry.

In 2005 and 2006, just before the introduction of the strategy, DG Sanco asked the European Policy Centre (EPC) to host four meetings between the alcohol industry and health NGOs. These Round Table on “Alcohol related harm: ways forward” aimed to reach consensus on policy interventions and to ‘identify areas of agreement between the stakeholders as to actions that can contribute effectively to the reduction of alcohol-related harm and indicate where and why there is disagreement, and in so doing help create confidence between stakeholders’.[10] According to the Institute of Alcohol Studies these meetings were "At the behest of the [alcohol] Industry, DG SANCO officials organised roundtable discussion through the aegis of the European Policy Centre, between representatives of the Commission, Member States, Industry and NGOs to discuss the draft proposals for a European Alcohol Policy Strategy". [11]

The meetings involved working through 78 issues or policy proposals related to alcohol harm reduction that were presented by the European Commission in an informal draft of their communication on Alcohol. Participants graded each item using a traffic lights system, green issues were broadly agreeable to all present, amber a possibility and red a clear no. 68 of the measures were marked green, Seven were amber, indicating no overall agreement but that some compromises might be reached. Three were categorised as red issues where the industry simply refused to negotiate. [12]

Dr Peter Anderson, author of the Alcohol In Europe report (2006) commented “The European Policy Centre (EPC) describes itself as ‘an independent, not-for-profit think tank, committed to making European integration work’. Its independence is, of course, ensured by the fact that its prime corporate members and sponsors include InBev, the world’s largest brewer and Philip Morris International”. [13] The final outcome of this process, and other consultations resulted in the launch of the European Alcohol and Health Forum.

In 1998 Diageo and The Weinberg Group helped set up a European Policy Centre Forum. Correspondence shows a representative of Diageo trying to organise a discount for a booking made by Weinberg Group for a forum run by the EPC. [14]. Weinberg Group are well known for their work assisting tobacco, alcohol and chemical industry.

Tobacco Industry Work

According to ASH:

"The European Policy Centre (EPC) is a well respected Brussels based think tank that BAT has used as the key consultancy group, sometimes alongside the Weinberg Group to help with lobbying to ensure policy makers are legally obliged to include tobacco companies’ opinions in European policymaking development and decision making processes. The EPC had the particular advantage that it had developed a broad profile and received funding from the European Commission allowing it to acquire insider status in policy making circles" [15]

The EPC were part of a policy network used by British American Tobacco (BAT) to make changes to EU treaties in order to minimise legislative burdens on business. From 1995 BAT organised other corporate actors, including the EPC, Shell, Zeneca, Tesco, SmithKline Beecham, Bayer and Unilever, to mount a multi-year lobby campaign aiming at shaping the EU's impact assessment, to ensure regulations would undermine public health rather than reduce the profitably of business. This rendered EU policy even more pro-business. BAT's use of a policy network distanced the tobacco industry form the lobbying efforts and obscuring the tobacco industry's involvement. The research also found evidence of tobacco and chemical industries using the changes to delay or weaken legislation to improve public health. [16] The European Policy Centre and the Weinberg Group were central to British American Tobacco's approach. [17]

BAT were also helped by a UK consultancy, Charles Barker,

to work out the advantages of pushing such an approach at the UK and EU levels, the study says. According to the scientists, the firm warned BAT that they would need to tread carefully, lobbying through a 'front' organisation and enlisting other 'big industry names'[18]

Ultimately it was the EPC that provided the front.

David Byrne, Commissioner for Health and Consumer Protection 1999-2004 was reportedly shocked: ‘I would be absolutely astonished and would find it very difficult to believe if there was any available information which tended to indicate that the European Policy Centre was advocating on behalf of the tobacco industry – that would be shocking’. [19]

Funding

The EPC is financed by membership and subscription fees, grants from philanthropic organisations and from EU funds. In 2010 donations amounting to € 800,000 were received from three philanthropic foundations, the Compagnia di San Paolo (based in Turin) the King Baudouin Foundation, based in Brussels and the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Portugal. The EPC also received an operating grant of €145,556 from the EU budget under the ‘Europe for Citizens’ programme.[20]

Affiliations

People

Governing Board

Circa 2011

Advisory Council

  • EPC Advisory Board 2011

Peter Sutherland (President); Chairman, Goldman Sachs International; Chairman of BP plc | Lord Kerr of Kinlochard, John Kerr (Vice-President) Former UK Ambassador to the EU | Erika Mann (Vice-President) Senior Fellow, Atlantic Council; former Member of European Parliament | David Arkless Senior Vice-President Corporate Affairs, Manpower Inc | Leszek Balcerowicz Former Chairman of the National Bank of Poland | Jaimini Bhagwati Ambassador, Embassy of India to the Kingdom of Belgium and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg & The Mission of India to the European Union | Hans Blix Chairman, Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission | Olivier Boutellis-Taft Chief Executive, Federation of European Accountants | Vladimir Chizhov Ambassador, Permanent Representation of the Russian Federation to the European Communities | Philippe de Buck Director General, BUSINESSEUROPE | Andrew Duff Member of the European Parliament | Pal Dunay Director, Teleki Laslo Institute, Budapest | Jan Eliasson Former Minister for Foreign Affairs of Sweden and President of the United Nations General Assembly | José Gregório Faria Special Adviser, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian | Piero Gastaldo Secretary General, Compagnia di San Paolo | Hanns Glatz Partner, CNC - Communications & Network Consulting AG | Sylvie Goulard Associated Research Fellow at CERI (Paris); Teacher at Sciences Po (Paris) and College of Europe (Brussels) Member of European Parliament President of European Movement in France | Rolf Gustavsson Correspondent, Svenska Dagbladet | Ross Hornby Ambassador, Canadian Mission to the European Union | Danuta Maria Hübner Member of the European Parliament; former European Commissioner for Regional Policy | Hywel Ceri Jones Former Chairman of the European Policy Centre, Director of the Network of European Foundations (NEF) | Jan Karlsson Former Minister for Migration and Development Cooperation; former Co-Chair of the Global Commission for International Migration | Craig Kennedy President, German Marshall Fund of the United States | Gerald Knaus President of the Executive Board, European Stability Institute | Joost Lagendijk Senior Adviser, Istanbul Policy Center | Allan Larsson Former European Commission Director-General for DG Employment | Erkki Liikanen Chairman of the Board, Finland's Bank; former European Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society | Donald MacInnes Chief Executive, Scotland Europa | Alan Mayhew Jean Monnet Professor and Professorial Fellow, Sussex European Institute, University of Sussex | Rory Montgomery Ambassador, Permanent Representation of Ireland to the European Union | John Monks Secretary-General of European Trade Union Confederation | Rainer Mûnz Head of Research & Development, Erste Bank | Jan Niessen Director, Migration Policy Group | Dáithí O'Ceallaigh Director General, Institute of European Affairs, Dublin | Dick Oosting Chief Executive Officer, European Council of Foreign Relations | John Palmer Former Political Director, European Policy Centre | Wim Philippa Secretary-General, European Round Table of Industrialists | Poul Nyrup Rasmussen Former President of the Party of European Socialists, European Parliament | Scott C Ratzan Vice President, Global Health, Johnson & Johnson | Maria João Rodrigues Professor of Economics at the University of Lisbon, Member of the European Employment Task Force | Eberhard Sandschneider Otto-Wolff-Director, Research Institute, German Council on Foreign Relations | André Sapir Professor of Economics, ECARES, Université Libre de Bruxelles | Witold Sartorius Co-ordinator of Programmes, Foundation for Economic Education, Warsaw | Jacek Saryusz-Wolski Chairman of European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs | Wolfgang Schüssel Former Federal Chancellor of Austria | Peter Semneby Former EU Special Representative for the South Caucasus | Jamie Shea Deputy Assistant Secretary General for Emerging Security Challenges, NATO | Larry Stone President Group Public and Government Affairs, BT | Ingmar Streese Head of Public Affairs Europe, Mars, Public Affairs Europe | Rita Süssmuth President, German Bundestag | Pavel Swieboda President, demosEUROPA – Centre for European Strategy | Luc Tayart de Borms Managing Director, King Baudouin Foundation | François Trémeaud Former Executive Director, International Labour Organization | Loukas Tsoukalis President, Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy | John Vassallo Director of External Affairs, Microsoft EMEA | Antonio Vitorino Former European Commissioner for Justice and Home Affairs | Helen Wallace Director, European University Institute, Florence, School of Economics and Political Science London School of Economics | Graham Watson Member of the European Parliament | Monika Wulf-Mathies Managing Director Policy and Environment, Deutsche Post World Net; Adviser to Germany's Chancellor; former European Commissioner for Regional Policy.

  • EPC Advisory Board June-September 2010

Peter Sutherland (President) Chairman, Goldman Sachs International | Max Kohnstamm (Honorary President) Former Vice-President of the Jean Monnet Action Committee; former President of the European University Institute, Florence | Lord John Kerr of Kinlochard (Vice-President) Former UK Ambassador to the EU | David Arkless Senior Vice-President Corporate Affairs, Manpower Inc | Stephen Badger Vice-President, Mars Incorporated | Leszek Balcerowicz Former Chairman of the National Bank of Poland | Jaimini Bhagwati Ambassador, Embassy of India to the Kingdom of Belgium and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg & The Mission of India to the European Union | Hans Blix Chairman, Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission | Vladimir Chizhov Ambassador, Permanent Representation of the Russian Federation to the European Communities | Stanley Crossick Founding Chairman, European Policy Centre | Philippe de Buck Director General, BUSINESSEUROPE | Gijs de Vries Former EU Counter-terrorism Coordinator | Alan Dukes Former Director General, Institute of European Affairs, Dublin | Pal Dunay Director, Teleki Laslo Institute, Budapest | Piero Gastaldo Secretary General, Compagnia di San Paolo | Paul Gillespie Foreign Editor, The Irish Times | Hanns Glatz Partner, CNC – Communications & Network Consulting AG | Sylvie Goulard Member of the European Parliament, President of European Movement in France | Borut Grgic Director, Institute for Strategic Studies, Slovenia | Rolf Gustavsson Correspondent, Svenska Dagbladet | Ross Hornby Ambassador, Canadian Mission to the European Union| Hywel Ceri Jones Former Chairman of the European Policy Centre, Director of the Network of European Foundations (NEF) | Jan Karlsson Former Minister for Migration and Development Cooperation; former Co-Chair of the Global Commission for International Migration | Craig Kennedy President, German Marshall Fund of the United States | Gerald Knaus President of the Executive Board, European Stability Institute | Joost Lagendijk Senior Adviser, Istanbul Policy Center | Allan Larsson Former European Commission Director-General for DG Employment | Erkki Liikanen Chairman of the Board, Bank of Finland | Donald MacInnes Chief Executive, Scotland Europa | Erika Mann Senior Fellow,Atlantic Council; former Member of European Parliament | John Monks General Secretary, European Trade Union Confederation | Rainer Mûnz Head of Research & Development, Erste Bank | Jan Niessen Director, Migration Policy Group |Nobutake Odano Ambassador, Japanese Mission to the EU | Dick Oostings European Council of Foreign Relations | Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa Italian Minister of Economy and Finance | John Palmer Former Political Director, European Policy Centre | Wim Philippa Secretary-General, European Round Table of Industrialists | Poul Nyrup Rasmussen former President of the Party of European Socialists, European Parliament | Scott C Ratzan Vice President, Global Health, Johnson and Johnson | Conny Reuter President, Platform of European Social NGOs | Gaêtane Ricard-Nihoul Secretary-General, Notre Europe | Eberhard Sandschneider Otto-WolffDirector, Research Institute, German Council on Foreign Relations | André Sapir Professor of Economics, ECARES, Université Libre de [[Bruxelles | Witold Sartorius President, ]Foundation for Economic Education]] (Poland) | Jacek Saryusz-Wolski Chairman of European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs | Jamie Shea Director of Policy Planning, Private Office of the Secretary General, NATO | Larry Stone President Group Public and Government Affairs, BT | Pavel Swieboda President, demosEUROPA - Centre for European Strategy | Luc Tayart de Borms Managing Director, King Baudouin Foundation | François Trémeaud Former Executive Director, International Labour Organization | Loukas Tsoukalis President, Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy | John Vassallo Director of External Affairs, Microsoft EMEA | Helen Wallace Centennial Professor, European Institute, London School of Economics and Political Science | Graham Watson Member of the European Parliament | Monika Wulf-Mathies Policy Adviser to the Board of Management, Deutsche Post DHL; Adviser to Germany's Chancellor; former European Commissioner for Regional Policy | John Wyles former Senior Partner, GPlus Europe | Ex-officio Maria João Rodrigues Professor of Economics at the University of Lisbon, Member of the European Employment Task Force | Antonio Vitorino Former European Commissioner for Justice and Home Affairs.

  • EPC Advisory Council December 2008

Peter Sutherland (President) Chairman, Goldman Sachs International; Chairman of BP plc | Max Kohnstamm (Honorary President) Former Vice-President of the Jean Monnet Action Committee; former President of the European University Institute, Florence | Lord John Kerr of Kinlochard (Vice-President) Former UK Ambassador to the EU | David Arkless Senior Vice-President Corporate Affairs, Manpower Inc | Stephen Badger Vice-President, Mars Incorporated | Leszek Balcerowicz Former Chairman of the National Bank of Poland Karel Van Miert (Vice-President) Former European Commissioner for Competition Policy | Hans Blix Chairman Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission | Jocelyne Cesari Professor of Islamic Studies, Harvard University | Dipak Chatterjee Ambassador of India to Belgium and Luxembourg and to the European Union | Vladimir Chizhov Ambassador of the Permanent Representation of the Russian Federation to the European Communities | Stanley Crossick Founding Chairman of the European Policy Centre | [[Philippe de Buck Secretary General, BUSINESSEUROPE | Philippe de Schoutheete de Tervarent Former Permanent Representative of Belgium to the EU | Gijs de Vries Former EU Counter-terrorism Coordinator | Stéphane Ducable Director of External Affairs, Microsoft EMEA | Alan Dukes Director General Institute European Affairs Dublin | Pal Dunay Director, Teleki Laslo Institute, Budapest | Gareth Evans President, International Crisis Group | Piero Gastaldo Secretary General, Compagnia di San Paolo | Paul Gillespie Foreign Editor The Irish Times | Xavier Gizard General Secretary Conférence des Régions Périphériques Maritimes d'Europe | Sylvie Goulard President French European Movement | Rolf Gustavsson Correspondent, Svenska Dagbladet | Ross Hornby Ambassador of Canada to the EU | Hywel Ceri Jones Former Chairman of the European Policy Centre and Director of the Network of European Foundations (NEF) | Craig Kennedy President German Marshall Fund of the United States | [[Gerald Knaus President of the Executive Board, European Stability Institute |Ivan Krastev Chair of Board for Liberal Strategies, Sofia | Joost Lagendijk Chair of the EU-Turkey Delegation, European Parliament | Erkki Liikanen Chairman of the Board, Bank of Finland | Donald MacInnes Chief Executive, Scotland Europa | Rory Macmillan Director Government Affairs Nike EMEA | Erika Mann Member of European Parliament, Chair of Management Committee of Transatlantic Policy Network | John Monks General Secretary, European Trade Union Confederation | Nobutake Odano Ambassador of Japanese Mission to the European Union | Dick Oosting Europe Director, International Center for Transitional Justice | [[Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa Italian Minister of Economy and Finance | John Palmer Former Director European Policy Centre | [[Wim Philippa Secretary-General, European Round Table of Industrialists | Poul Nyrup Rasmussen President of the Party of European Socialists, European Parliament | [[Scott C Ratzan Vice President, Government Affairs, Europe, Johnson & Johnson | Conny Reuter President of the European Social NGOs | Gaëtane Ricard-Nihoul Secretary-General, Notre Europe | Eberhard Sandschneider Otto-Wolff-Director, Research Institute, German Council on Foreign Relations | André Sapir Senior Fellow, BRUEGEL | Witold Sartorius Co-ordinator of Programmes, Foundation for Economic Education, Warsaw | [[Jacek Saryusz-Wolski Chairman of EP Committee on Foreign Affairs | Jamie Shea Director, Policy Planning, Private Office of the Secretary General, NATO | Sir David Sieff Non-executive Director Marks and Spencer | Chris Spear Vice President Government Relations Europe, Middle East and Africa, Honeywell | Marc Spelman Head of European Strategy, Accenture UK | Larry Stone President Group Public & Government Affairs BT | Pavel Swieboda President demosEUROPA- Centre for European Strategy | Luc Tayart de Borms Managing Director, King Baudouin Foundation | François Trémeaud Former Executive Director, International Labour Organization | Loukas Tsoukalis President of the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy | Helen Wallace Centennial Professor, European Institute, [[London School of Economics and Political Science | Graham Watson Member of the European Parliament, Chairman of Liberals and Democrats for Europe | Monika Wulf-Mathies Managing Director Policy and Environment, Deutsche Post World Net; Adviser to Germany's Chancellor; former European Commissioner for Regional Policy | John Myles Senior Partner GPlus Europe | Ex-officio [[Maria João Rodrigues Professor of Economics at the University of Lisbon, Member of the European Employment Task Force | Antonio Vitorino Former European Commissioner for Justice and Home Affairs

  • EPC Advisory Council September 12th 2007

Peter Sutherland (President) Chairman, Goldman Sachs International; Chairman of BP plc | Max Kohnstamm (Honorary President) Former Vice-President of the Jean Monnet Action Committee; former President of the European University Institute, Florence | Karel Van Miert (Vice-President) Former European Commissioner for Competition Policy | David Arkless Senior Vice-President Corporate Affairs, Manpower Inc | Stephen Badger Vice-President, Mars Incorporated | Leszek Balcerowicz Former Chairman of the National Bank of Poland | Hans Blix Chairman, Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission | Jocelyne Cesari Professor of Islamic Studies, Harvard University | Dipak Chatterjee Ambassador of India to Belgium and Luxembourg and to the European Union | Vladimir Chizhov Ambassador of the Permanent Representation of the Russian Federation to the European Communities | Philippe de Buck | Secretary General, BUSINESSEUROPE | Philippe de Schoutheete de Tervarent Former Permanent Representative of Belgium to the EU | Stéphane Ducable Director of External Affairs, Microsoft EMEA | Alan Dukes Director General, Institute of European Affairs Dublin | Pal Dunay Director, Teleki Laslo Institute, Budapest | Gareth Evans President, International Crisis Group | Piero Gastaldo Secretary General, Compagnia di San Paolo | Bronislaw Geremek Member of the European Parliament | Paul Gillespie Foreign Editor, The Irish Times | Xavier Gizard General Secretary, Conférence des Régions Périphériques Maritimes d'Europe | Sylvie Goulard Associated Research Fellow at CERI (Paris); Teacher at Sciences Po (Paris) and College of Europe (Bruges) | Rolf Gustavsson Correspondent, Svenska Dagbladet | [[Ross Hornby Ambassador of Canada to the European Union | Takekazu Kawamura Ambassador of Japanese Mission to the European Union | Craig Kennedy President, German Marshall Fund of the United States | Lord John Kerr of Kinlochard Former UK Ambassador to the EU | Gerald Knaus President of the Executive Board, European Stability Institute | Ivan Krastev Chair of Board for Liberal Strategies, Sofia | Joost Lagendijk Member of Delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee, European Parliament | Erkki Liikanen Chairman of the Board, Bank of Finland | Tony Long Director, WWF European Policy Office | Donald MacInnes Chief Executive, Scotland Europa | Rory Macmillan Director Government Affairs EMEA Nike | Erika Mann Member of the European Parliament; Chair of Management Committee of Transatlantic Policy Network | John Monks General Secretary, European Trades Union Confederation | Dick Oosting Director, Amnesty International EU Office | Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa Former Member of the Executive Board, European Central Bank | Anne-Sophie Parent President, Platform European NGOs | Robin Pauley President, European Affairs, BT Group | Wim Philippa Secretary-General, European Round Table of Industrialists | Poul Nyrup Rasmussen President of the Party of European Socialists, European Parliament | Gaëtane Ricard-Nihoul Secretary-General, Notre Europe | Eberhard Sandschneider Otto-Wolf Director, Research Institute, German Council on Foreign Relations | André Sapir Senior Fellow, BRUEGEL | Witold Sartorius Co-ordinator of Programmes, Foundation for Economic Education, Warsaw | Jacek Saryusz-Wolski Chairman of EP Committee on Foreign Affairs | Jamie Shea Director Policy Planning Private Office of the Director General NATO | Sir David Sieff Non-executive Director Marks and Spencer | Marc Spelman Head of European Strategy, Accenture UK | Pavel Swieboda President demosEUROPA - Centre for European Strategy | Luc Tayart de Borms Managing Director, King Baudouin Foundation | François Trémeaud Former Executive Director, International Labour Organization | Loukas Tsoukalis President of the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy | Miguel Veiga-Pestana Vice President Global External Affairs, Unilever | Helen Wallace Centennial Professor, European Institute, London School of Economics and Political Science | Graham Watson Member of the European Parliament; Chairman of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe | Maja Wessels Senior Vice-President Government Relations, Honeywell | Monika Wulf-Mathies Managing Director Policy and Environment, Deutsche Post World Net; Adviser to Germany's Chancellor; former European Commissioner for Regional Policy | John Wyles GPlus Europe | Ex-offcio Maria João Rodrigues Professor of Economics at the University of Lisbon, Member of the European Employment Task Force | Antonio Vitorino Former European Commissioner for Justice and Home Affair

  • Advisory Council 2nd May 2007 12th September 2007

Peter Sutherland (President) Chairman, Goldman Sachs International; Chairman of BP plc | Max Kohnstamm (Honorary President) Former Vice-President of the Jean Monnet Action Committee; former President of the European University Institute, Florence| Karel Van Miert Vice President) Former Commissioner for Competition Policy| Antonio Vitorino (Vice-President) Former European Commissioner for Justice and Home Affairs| David Arkless, Senior Vice President Manpower inc | Stephen Badger Vice President Mars Incorporated | Anthony Burgmans Chairman Unilever NV & Vice Chair Unilever plc | HE Dipak Chatterjee Ambassador of India to Belgium and Luxembourg and to the European Union | Philippe de Schoutheete de Tervarent Former Permanent Representative of Belgium to the EU | Stéphane Ducable Director of External Affairs, Microsoft EMEA | Alan Dukes Director General Institute of European Affairs, Dublin | Gareth Evans President International Crisis Group | Piero Gastaldo Secretary General, Compagnia di San Paolo | Xavier Gizard Conférence des Régions Périphériques Maritimes d'Europe | Sylvie Goulard Associated Research Fellow at CERI (Paris); Teacher at Sciences Po (Paris) and College of Europe (Brussels) | Craig Kennedy President, German Marshall Fund of the United States | Erkki Liikanen Chairman of the Board, Finland's Bank; former European Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society | Tony Long Director, WWF European Policy Office | Donald MacInnes Scotland Europa | Rory Macmillan Director Government Affairs Nike EMEA | Erika Mann Member of the European Parliament; Chair of Management Committee of Transatlantic Policy Network | John Monks Secretary-General of European Trade Union Confederation | Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa Former Member of the Executive Board, European Central Bank | Robin Pauley President, European Affairs, BT Group | Wim Philippa Secretary General European Round Table of Industrialists | Gaëtane Ricard-Nihoul Secretary-General, Notre Europe | Maria João Rodrigues Professor of Economics at the University of Lisbon, Member of the European Employment Task Force |Witold Sartorius Co-ordinator of Programmes, Foundation for Economic Education, Warsaw | Sir David Sieff Non-Executive Director, Marks and Spencer | Luc Tayart de Borms Managing Director, King Baudouin Foundation | Helen Wallace Director, European University Institute, Florence | Maja Wessels Senior Vice-President Government Relations, Honeywell | Monika Wulf-Mathies Managing Director Policy and Environment, Deutsche Post World Net; Adviser to Germany's Chancellor; former European Commissioner for Regional Policy |

Membership Fees

Circa 2011 Platinum membership is the highest offered by the EPC, however it appears that you are unable to pay for platinum level entry. Subscription charges are for one year’s membership. Gold membership is open to large multi-national businesses and costs €10, 000 per annum; silver membership is open to medium sized businesses and costs €5, 000 each year, while bronze membership is open to small businesses and costs €2,500. Professional and Business association membership costs€1 000. Foundations and Religious organisations can subscribe for €500. Diplomatic Representations are open to missions, embassies and permanent representations the subscription cost ranges between €500 and €1 250. For Inter-Governmental and Governmental Organisations Regional Bodies and Local Authorities subscription costs €1 000 NGOs can join for €500 while Platforms of Non-Governmental Organisations costs slightly more at €1 000. [23]

Members listed on The EPC's Website include:

Resources, Publications, Contact, Notes

Resources

Notes

  1. ↑ European Policy Centre, About Us: Mission Statement accessed 1st November 2011
  2. ↑ European Policy Centre, About Us: Mission Statement accessed 1st November 2011
  3. ↑ Corporate Europe Observatory, Lobby Planet: Brussels the EU Quarter July 2005, accessed 1st November 2011
  4. ↑ Corporate Europe Observatory, Lobby Planet: Brussels the EU Quarter July 2005, accessed 1st November 2011
  5. ↑ Quoted in "Crossing the Business and Political Divide", by Rory Watson, the European Voice 9-15 July 1998.
  6. ↑ Corporate Europe Observatory, Lobby Planet: Brussels the EU Quarter July 2005, accessed 1st November 2011
  7. ↑ European Policy Centre, EPC signs up to Transparency Register 14 January 2010, accessed 8th November 2011
  8. ↑ Editorial Science and politics: From science to decision making Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 44 (2006) 1–3, accessed 7th November 2011
  9. ↑ Bruce Ballantine, EPC Working Paper No 17. Enhancing the role of science in the decision-making of the European Union European Policy Centre, 2005, accessed 7th November 2011
  10. ↑ Corporate Europe Observatory, Part One: The European Policy Centre European Think Tank Series, Issue 2, October 1998,
  11. ↑ Rutherford, D. (2006) AIS Editorial The Globe Issue accessed 28th October 2013
  12. ↑ Anderson & Baumberg, Alcohol Policy: Who should sit at the table? Addiction Volume 102, No. 2 pp 335-336 (online subscription required)
  13. ↑ Anderson & Baumberg, Alcohol Policy: Who should sit at the table? Addiction Volume 102, No. 2 pp 335-336 (online subscription required)
  14. ↑ Legacy Library, Fax to Sarah Bennett BLRA from Andrea Livett of Diageo 10th March 1998, accessed 7th November 2011
  15. ↑ ASH, Smoke Filled Room 2010, accessed 7th November 2011
  16. ↑ Katherine E. Smith Gary Fooks, Jeff Collin, Heide Weishaar, Sema Mandal1, Anna B. Gilmore, Working the System”—British American Tobacco's Influence on the European Union Treaty and Its Implications for Policy: An Analysis of Internal Tobacco Industry Documents Public Library of Science, 12th January 2010, accessed 7th November 2011
  17. ↑ Leigh Phillips, Big tobacco distorted EU treaty, scientists say EUobserver 13th January 2010, accessed 7th November 2011
  18. ↑ Katherine E. Smith1 Gary Fooks, Jeff Collin, Heide Weishaar, Sema Mandal1, Anna B. Gilmore, Working the System”—British American Tobacco's Influence on the European Union Treaty and Its Implications for Policy: An Analysis of Internal Tobacco Industry Documents Public Library of Science, 12th January 2010, accessed 7th November 2011
  19. ↑ Campaign against Euro-federalism, Working the system Lobbying by transnational corporations May/June 2011 (no. 123), accessed 7th November 2011
  20. ↑ European Union, European Policy Centre Transparency Register, 29th July 2011, accessed 7th November 2011
  21. ↑ European Union, European Policy Centre Transparency Register, 29th July 2011, accessed 7th November 2011
  22. ↑ EPC Governing Board, accessed 8 November 2011
  23. ↑ European Policy Centre, Benefits & Fees accessed 1st November 2011
  24. ↑ EPC, Our Members accessed 1st November 2011
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