Revolutionary Communist Tendency

RCT logo circa 1979

The Revolutionary Communist Tendency was a faction that formed in 1977 after being expelled from the Revolutionary Communist Group in 1976. It later changed its name to the Revolutionary Communist Party in 1981.

The first publication of the RCT, March 1977.

From the beginning RCT members used 'party names' in addition to their own names. Thus Frank Richards and Mike Freeman were cover names for Frank Furedi and Michael Fitzpatrick. The RCT also created a number of front groups, a pattern the RCP and later the LM Network would continue. Thus in 1977 and 1978 they had already formed the Smash the Prevention of Terrorism Act Campaign and Workers Against Racism, the latter of which carried on through the name change to the RCP. The former was replaced by the Irish Freedom Movement.

A strong focus on Ireland from the beginning: Special issue on Ireland: British imperialism in Ireland and anti-imperialism in Britain, Revolutionary Communist Papers No. 2: May 1978, Revolutionary Communist Tendency, London: Junius Publications.

Formation

The RCT originated in a split in the Revolutionary Communist Group in November 1976. The RCG itself had been created following a split in the International Socialists (the forerunner of the Socialist Workers' Party) in the early 1970s. The grouping that became the RCT was expelled for opposing the attempt of the RCG to gain influence with the Communist Party of Great Britain and the Anti-Apartheid Movement. A right wing critic of the Left such as Blake Baker claims that the RCT was formed following the 'expulsion of a large minority of members in 1976 for attacking the Communist Party'. Left critics, such as Denver Walker (a journalist at that time for the New Worker the paper of the New Communist Party), have a similar account: 'It was apparently their demand that the RCG publicly attack the African National Congress of South Africa... that led to the expulsion of the Tendency from its parent body'.

'Workers against imperialism : the British labour movement and Ireland'. Revolutionary Communist Tendency, May 1979

Cover of Ireland's Victory Means Britain's Defeat: the Role of the Labour Movement (Revolutionary communist Pamphlets) Revolutionary Communist Tendency 1980 Junius Publications Ltd 24p.

Collage from The next step from p. 12-13 of Ireland's Victory Means Britain's Defeat: the Role of the Labour Movement (Revolutionary communist Pamphlets) Revolutionary Communist Tendency 1980 Junius Publications Ltd 24p.

According to another account of its creation by John Sullivan a left critic of small left groups, but a lifelong socialist activist:

THE RCT was expelled from its parent, the RCG, for challenging that group’s grovelling before the Communist Party and the Anti-Apartheid Movement on its way towards becoming a consistent defender of anti-working-class regimes. The RCG was then conducting entry work in Anti-Apartheid. The people who became the RCT wanted to criticise the African National Congress.

Elsewhere Sullivan had written that the falling out also had an economic dimension:

Yaffe’s plunge into full fledged Stalinism, combined with a disagreement over the mathematics in Capital with his chief lieutenant Frank Richards produced a split, which eventually became the Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP).

Following the expulsion the expelled group seems to have split again around the time of the creation of the RCT with a small grouping called the Committee for a Communist Programme leaving according to some sources.

At the time (1981) Sullivan put the strength of the RCT at 'around 70', a figure with which Walker more or less concurs writing that the RCT 'perhaps' 60 members. Sullivan wrote of the later development of the RCT/P:

The new group declared itself anti-Stalinist, and took several steps sideways in an attempt to differentiate its product... The group dropped Yaffe’s hostility to the working class and adopted an agnostic attitude to the historic divide between Stalinism and Trotskyism. At first sight it is a much less repellent group than its parent, but its essential eclecticism has landed it in some strange company. Opponents translate the initials RCP as Ray Chadburn Party, after the leader of Nottinghamshire NUM, because of the group’s support for a ballot during the miners’ strike.

... its weekly journal The Next Step... is a kind of Left wing answer to Marxism Today, sharing that journal’s eclecticism. ... What then gives the RCP’s eclectic mishmash the appeal which made it the fastest growing group of the 1980s, with a dynamism notably absent from both the RCG and the Discussion Group? The answer is style. The group is part of the harder aggressive, post-punk move away from peace and love and the average RCPer looks very different from the grotty SWPers. They have been described as "the SWP with hair gel", and many a parent, pleased at the improvement in their child’s appearance, has welcomed the move from one to another.

One early observer (in an article published in the January 1978 edition of Marxism Today) noted that at that stage the RCT were almost indistinguishable from the RCG from which they had split:

In recent months the RCG has not only suffered a breakaway—the Revolutionary Communist Tendency, or RCT—but also witnessed a further split within the breakaway—the Committee for a Communist Programme, or CCP. The rationale behind the splits does not seem to lie in any major disagreement on political orientation, but only over how sectarian the organisation should be towards other left groups, particularly the CPGB. For the purposes of this article, therefore, the three groups are treated as one. This is not unfair, for the three organisations share a common perspective on nearly all issues; for instance, both the RCG and the RCT publish a journal on Ireland called Hands off Ireland and the contents of the first issues of both journals are very nearly identical, the same signed articles appearing in both.

This similarity did continue for some time, but the RCP did diverge in marked respects over the years. However, the two groups did produce journals with similar titles (Revolutionary Communist published by the RCG from January 1975 and Revolutionary Communist Papers and Revolutionary Communist Pamphlets, produced by the RCT from 1977) and it seems that the first edition of Hands off Ireland! was produced by the RCG in from December 1976, but that the nascent RCT did produce a version including some of the same articles. Though selling by February 1977 for half the price of the RCG version (10p), it was advertised in an early RCT open letter as a 'labour movement bulletin on Ireland written by expelled comrades of the RCG - new in the RCT.' It noted that the articles included 'Lessons of TOM' and 'British "peacekeeping" - British torture', both of which were published in the RCG version.

Advert from the back page of: Pat Morris, for the Steering Committee, Revolutionary Communist Tendency 'Open Letter to all members of the Revolutionary Communist Group', 1 February 1977.

Activities

Ireland

Smash the Prevention of Terrorism Act Campaign

See main article Smash the Prevention of Terrorism Act Campaign

The Smash the Prevention of Terrorism Act Campaign was created in late 1979 by the Revolutionary Communist Tendency. According to their own account: 'Towards the end of 1979 we decided to focus our activity in the labour movement on opposition to the PTA. We organised a national demonstration in November and the Smash the PTA Campaign was launched shortly afterwards.'

Bring the War to Britain Event

TUC Hands off Ireland. Smash the Prevention of Terrorism Act Campaign. Revolutionary Communist Pamphlets No.8. Junius Publications Ltd, March 1981.

According to former RCP member James Heartfield, the secretary of Tameside trades council at the time Dave Hallsworth was at some point a member of the RCP (though it was still the RCT at the time and it is not clear if Hallsworth joined the RCP before or after the event)

Dave was secretary of the Tameside trades council at this time, committing it to a policy of supporting Irish freedom and a conference to discuss the Northern Ireland troubles. As a result, the TUC sent its future general secretary John Monks to disband the council.

1980 Workers Against Racism

See main article Workers Against Racism

Publications

The RCT created several strands of publication, one of which was the monthly 'review' of the RCT, titled The next step (without capitalisation), first published in December 1979. The next step would remain in publication through the following years as the paper (for some time a weekly paper) of the RCP. They also published two series of pamphlets, one of which was titled 'Revolutionary Communist Papers' and was described as their 'theoretical journal'.

The publisher of all this material from late 1977 was a company called Junius Publications (Company No.: 01339999) which had a date of incorporation of 22 November 1977 (and was eventually dissolved on 25 January 2000 some four years after demise of the RCP).

The list below is compiled from a variety of sources.

Transition from RCT to RCP. Appeal for funds for the RCP from the party theoretical journal Revolutionary Communist Papers, Issue 7, July 1981, p. 21.

Inside back cover of Ireland's Victory Means Britain's Defeat: the Role of the Labour Movement (Revolutionary Communist Pamphlets) Revolutionary Communist Tendency 1980 Junius Publications Ltd 24p.

Revolutionary Communist Papers

• Documents On The Split Within The Revolutionary Communist Group Revolutionary Communist Papers No. 1: March 1977, London: Revolutionary Communist Tendency. ISSN 0309-4634.

1. Chris Davies and Judith Harrison 'A retrograde step for the Marxist movement - a reply to Cde Yaffe';

2. Frank Richards and Phil Turner 'Stalinism, the Communist party and the RCG's new turn';

Appendix I, 'Cde Yaffe's "A Turning Point"';

Appendix II, 'Cde Dornhorst's "The CPGB - a comment on comrade Turner's article"'

• Special issue on Ireland: British imperialism in Ireland and anti-imperialism in Britain, Revolutionary Communist Papers No. 2: May 1978, London: Junius Publications.

'Editorial', p. 1-2

Mary Masters and Phil Turner 'British Imperialism and the Irish Crisis', p. 3-20.

Frank Richards, 'No Equivocation!', p. 21-28

• The Recession: Capitalist Offensive and the Working class - a Marxist analysis of the crisis and reformism in the labour movement, Revolutionary Communist Papers No. 3: 1978, London: Junius Publications.

Editorial, p. 1-3

Tony Allen, Gareth Evans, Mike Freeman and Kate Marshall 'The Recession: Capitalist Offensive and the Working Class', p. 4-?

• Revisionism, Imperialism and the State: A critique of the revisionist dogma of State Monopoly Capitalism, Revolutionary Communist Papers No. 4: 1979, London: Junius Publications.

Editorial, p. 2-3.

Frank Richards 'Revisionism, Imperialism and the State: the method of Capital and the dogma of State Monopoly Capitalism', p. 4-27.

Keith Tompson, 'Wage control and working class independence: the record of British Stalinism', p. 28-32.

Andrew Clarkson, 'Review: Sean MacStiofain: Memoirs of a Revolutionary', p. 33

• Frank Richards, Alan Harding, Andre Robinson, Peter Wilson, Charles Longford THE BATTLE FOR AFRICA: Showdown in Zimbabwe: The Rape of Zaire: The Scramble for Africa Revolutionary Communist Papers No. 5: 1979 Junius Publications Ltd 48 p.

Frank Richards, The Scramble for Africa', p.5-19.

Alan Harding, 'The rape of Zaire', p. 20-9.

Andre Robinson, 'Showdown in Zimbabwe', p. 30-45.

Peter Wilson 'C Perrings Black Mineworkers in Central Africa', p. 46

Charles Longford 'B Magubane, The political economy of race and class in South Africa', p. 46.

• Khomeini's Capitalism: The imperialists close in, Revolutionary Communist Papers No. 6: 1980, London: Junius Publications.

Frank Richards 'Editorial: The Middle East heads for war', 19 May 1980, p. 1-3

Nick Jenkins and Inez Landa 'Khomeini's capitalism: the imperialists close in', p. 4-27

No author listed, 'Iran's national minorities', p. 28.

Reviews

Tony Allen, 'Rereading Capital' Review of 'Revising Capital', B Fine and L Harris, p. 29.

Charles Longford Review of R H Davies Capital, State and white labour in South Africa 1900-1960, p. 30.

Bela Horvat, 'The impenetrable curtain', p. 30.

• World in Recession Revolutionary Communist Papers, No 7 July 1981.

Frank Richards, 'Editorial: Their alternative and ours', p. 1-2.

Tony Allen, 'World in recession', p. 3-21.

Mike Freeman '"Self-activity" makes you blind: A reply to Alex Callinicos and the SWP', p. 22-26

Andrew Clarkson and Phil Murphy 'The Loyalist working class', p. 27-36.

Reviews: Frank Richards, 'Imperialism and the crisis' Warren, Mandel, Day and Hilferding, p. 36-7

Tony Allen, 'Philosphy and revolution': G Pilling, Marx's Capital, p. 37-8.

• Prolonging the death agony: The rise, fall and reconstitution of social democracy, Revolutionary Communist Papers No.8., Revolutionary Communist Party, Sept 1981.

Revolutionary Communist Pamphlets

This series began life as 'Revolutionary Communist Tendency Pamphlets' in 1977. There appear to have been two publications in the series before the word 'Tendency' was dropped. The series continued from number two with the first publication being a second edition of the second pamphlet from the first series.

RCT Pamphlets

• Sabina Norton and Keith Tompson The struggle for a revolutionary propaganda group, RCT Pamphlets No. 1, October 1977, London: Revolutionary Communist Tendency BM RCT, WC1V 6XX [1],11p 30cm. Copy held in the Librarry of Social History collection in the archives of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, California.
• Frank Richards Under a national flag fascism, racism and the labour movement, 1978, London: R.C.T. Association BM RCT, WC1V 6XX, 26,[3]p 30cm sd, RCT pamphlets Revolutionary Communist Tendency no.2.

Revolutionary Communist Pamphlets

• Frank Richards Under a national flag fascism, racism, and the labour movement 2d ed. with new afterword. Published 1978 by Revolutionary Communist Tendency Association in London Revolutionary Communist pamphlets ;, no. 2, 28 p. ;
• Mike Freeman and Kate Marshall, Who needs the Labour Party? Sept 1978 Revolutionary Communist Pamphlets No.3.
• Eden, Fran & Green, Kevin. Racial Oppression : How to Fight It. Revolutionary Communist Pamphlets, No.4. Junius Publications, London 1979, 1st edition., 1979. Pamphlet. Octavo. 26 pages.
• Mary Masters Workers against imperialism : the British labour movement and Ireland. Revolutionary Communist Pamphlets ; no. 5 London : Junius Publications, 1979. ISSN 0141-8874 19p
• National Organisation of Revolutionary Communist Students Higher Education : Fight the Cuts Defend Overseas Students, Revolutionary Communist Pamphlets, No.6. Junius Publications, London 1979, 1st edition., October 1979. Pamphlet. Octavo. 12 pages.
• Mike Freeman Ireland's Victory Means Britain's Defeat: the Role of the Labour Movement (Revolutionary communist pamphlets) Revolutionary Communist Tendency Association June 1980 Junius Publications Ltd 24p.
• TUC Hands off Ireland. Smash the Prevention of Terrorism Act Campaign. Revolutionary Communist Pamphlets No.8. Junius Publications Ltd, March 1981., 1981. Pamphlet. 17 pages.
• Our Flag Stays Red. East London Workers Against Racism. Revolutionary Communist Pamphlets, No.9. Junius Publications, London 1981, 1st edition., 1981. Pamphlet. 15 pages. illustrated.
• Roberts, Pat & Drury, Christina. Police out of Brixton! South London Workers Against Racism. Revolutionary Communist Pamphlets No.10. Junius Publications, London, 1981., 1981. Booklet. 17 pages, photo illus. Original photo illus.card covers.
• Landa, Inez & Helen Simons. Ghost Town. Coventry Workers Against Racism. Revolutionary Communist Pamphlets, No.11. Junius Publications, London, 1981. Pamphlet. 13 pages, illustrated.
• Frank Richards, Poland's black December /​ [Revolutionary Communist Party]. Revolutionary Communist Party (Great Britain) London (BCM, JPLTD, WC1N 3XX) : Junius, c1982. 27 p. : ill. ; 22cm. Revolutionary Communist pamphlets ; no.12
• Mike Freeman, Malvinas Are Argentina's (Revolutionary Communist pamphlets No. 13) [Paperback] Revolutionary Communist Party (Author) Paperback: 32 pages Junius (1982)

Misc publications

• Revolutionary Communist Tendency Workers Against the Bosses: Break With the Labour Party, London: Junius Publications, April 1979, 7 pages. (No ISSN number).
• Revolutionary Communist Tendency Smash the Prevention of Terrorism Act!. London : Junius Publications, June 1979. 7 p.
• Workers Against Racism Cleansing our ranks: A platform for anti-racist trade unionists, London: Junius Publications, December 1981, 11pages.

Leaflets and other materials

• Public Statement on the split within the Revolutionary Communist Group [Date unknown but between November 1976 and February 1977]
• Pat Morris, for the Steering Committee, Revolutionary Communist Tendency 'Open Letter to all members of the Revolutionary Communist Group', 1 February 1977. Copy held in the Library of Social History collection in the archives of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, California.
• RCT Public Forums: Racial oppression: How to fight it, May 1979 [Advertising meetings in North London between 1 and 29 June 1979].
• RCT Political Committee, Statement on conflict with RCG, 15 October 1979
• RCT The War in Zimbabwe - 'British Responsibility' or Anti-Imperialist solidarity with the liberation struggle, November 1979
• RCT leaflet 'Fighting the Irish war - and the labour bureaucracy', 29 March 1980.
• RCT leaflet 'Demonstration in support of the H-Block prisoners' 25 October 1980.

Resources

• RCG 'Statement on the expulsion of a chauvinist grouping in the RCG', RCG Executive Committee, Nov 1976
• Revolutionary Communist Group, Press statement, 14 October 1979 and Supplement 19 October 1979 On conflict with the RCT.
• RCG Revolutionary Communist Group statement on the march called by the Revolutionary Communist Tendency on 24 November 1979 which launched the Smash the Prevention of Terrorism Act Campaign
• Revolutionary Communist Group 'RCP use violence to stifle debate' Fight Racism! Fight Imperialism!, Statement on IFM conference in Leeds, February 1983
• Gerry Leversha Some Reflections on the 'Revolutionary Communist Group', Marxism Today, January 1978.
• John Sullivan, As Soon As This Pub Closes ..., 1986 RCP.
• John Sullivan Revolutionary Communist Party, Formerly Revolutionary Communist Tendency From John Sullivan, Go Fourth and Multiply/When This Pub Closes, Socialist Platform, London 2004.First published in 1981 by Dialogue of the Deaf, Box 99, Full Marks Bookshop, 110 Cheltenham Road, Bristol 6.
• Workers' Power The British Left and the Irish War, January 1983. (Chapter on the Irish Freedom Movement, p. 41-9.)