Difference between revisions of "Eli Lilly and Company"

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Eli Lilly and Company Limited is the UK affiliate of the American pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Company of Indianapolis. In itself, Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd. is a major pharmaceutical company.<ref>http://www.lilly.co.uk/Nitro/index.jsp  (Eli Lilly and Co. Homepage)</ref>.
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Lilly has been involved in several significant pharmaceutical developments. In 1928 Lilly scientists developed the first effective treatment for pernicious anaemia, for which they share a Nobel prize. Lilly began production of Penicillin in 1943. In 1986 Lilly began to market selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, used to treat clinical depression. In 2005 Lilly released a new drug for depression, Cymbalta.<ref>http://www.lilly.co.uk/Nitro/newTemplates/general/Content_IT_LBCT.jsp?page=1198 (Eli Lilly History online)</ref>
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Lilly’s current research interests include schizophrenia, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, attention deficit disorder, erectile dysfunction, severe sepsis, depression and bipolar disorder.
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Lilly manufactures several well known pharmaceutical products including Zyprexa and Prozac (an SSRI). Zyprexa has been prescribed to nearly 20 million people globally, for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.<ref>http://www.zyprexa.com/index.jsp (Zyprexa online from Eli Lilly)</ref> Prozac is the most widely prescribed antidepressant in history and has been used by over 54 million patients globally to treat depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa and panic disorder.<ref>http://www.prozac.com/index.jsp (Prozac online from Eli Lilly)</ref>
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Eli Lilly’s global sales in 2005 were $14.65B and their research and development spend $3,025M. Zyprexa sales alone totalled $4.20B.<ref>Gray, N. (2006) Changing Landscapes: A special Report on the World’s Top 50 Pharma Companies, Pharmaceutical Executive. Available online at: pharmexec.findpharma.com/pharmexec/2005-Pharm-Exec-50-revised/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/354138 </ref>
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==People==
 
==People==
  
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* [[Martin S Feldstein]] - Feldstein's biography<ref> Eli Lilly and Company [http://investor.lilly.com/corpgov-BioDetail.cfm?BioID=4151&Group=2 Martin S Feldstein] Accessed 31st January 2008</ref> reports that he joined Eli Lilly in 2002. Feldstein is also the George F. Baker Professor of Economics at [[Harvard University]], President and CEO of the [[National Bureau of Economic Research]], a member of the [[American Philosophical Society]], the Institute of Medicare of the [[National Academy of Sciences]], and is a fellow of the [[British Academy]], the [[Econometric Society]] and the [[National Association for Business Economics]]. Feldstein is a member of the executive committee of the [[Trilateral Commission]], a director of the [[Council on Foreign Relations]] and a member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]. Feldstein is also a director of [[American International Group]] and is reported to be an economic advisor to several businesses in the United States and abroad whilst also contributing regularly to The [[Wall Street Journal]]. His previous involvements include serving as chairman of the [[Council of Economic Advisers]] and as President Ronald Reagan's chief economic advisor. He also previously served as a fellow at [[Nuffield College]] (1964-67), was a lecturer in public finance for [[Oxford University]] and served as an assistant professor (in 1967), associate professor (in 1968) and full professor (in 1969) at Harvard University.
 
* [[Martin S Feldstein]] - Feldstein's biography<ref> Eli Lilly and Company [http://investor.lilly.com/corpgov-BioDetail.cfm?BioID=4151&Group=2 Martin S Feldstein] Accessed 31st January 2008</ref> reports that he joined Eli Lilly in 2002. Feldstein is also the George F. Baker Professor of Economics at [[Harvard University]], President and CEO of the [[National Bureau of Economic Research]], a member of the [[American Philosophical Society]], the Institute of Medicare of the [[National Academy of Sciences]], and is a fellow of the [[British Academy]], the [[Econometric Society]] and the [[National Association for Business Economics]]. Feldstein is a member of the executive committee of the [[Trilateral Commission]], a director of the [[Council on Foreign Relations]] and a member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]. Feldstein is also a director of [[American International Group]] and is reported to be an economic advisor to several businesses in the United States and abroad whilst also contributing regularly to The [[Wall Street Journal]]. His previous involvements include serving as chairman of the [[Council of Economic Advisers]] and as President Ronald Reagan's chief economic advisor. He also previously served as a fellow at [[Nuffield College]] (1964-67), was a lecturer in public finance for [[Oxford University]] and served as an assistant professor (in 1967), associate professor (in 1968) and full professor (in 1969) at Harvard University.
  
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* [[George M C Fisher]] - Fisher's biography<ref> Eli Lilly and Company [http://investor.lilly.com/corpgov-BioDetail.cfm?BioID=4455&Group=2 George M C Fisher] Accessed 31st January 2008</ref> reported that he is also a Senior Advisor for [[Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and Company]] and Presiding Director of [[General Motors Corporation]]. He is a fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] and of the [[International Academy of Astronautics]]. Fisher's previous involvements include serving as chairman & CEO for [[Motorola Inc.]] and the [[Eastman Kodak Company]]. He worked for ten years in research and development at [[Bell Telephone Laboratories]], served as Chairman of [[PanAmSat Corporation]] and was on the boards of [[AT&T]], [[American Express Company]], [[Comcast Corporation]], [[Delta Air Lines Inc.]], [[Eastman Kodak Company]], [[Hughes Electronics Corporation]], [[Motorola, Inc.]], [[Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing]], [[Brown University]] and The [[National Urban League Inc.]] Fisher also served as chairman of the [[National Academy of Engineering]] (2000-2004), is a former member of the boards of the [[University of Illinois Foundation]] (1997-1999) and the [[U.S.-China Business Council]] (1997-1999), former chairman the [[Council on Competitiveness]] (1991-1993), former member of the [[World Wildlife Fund National Council]] and [[Trustee Emeritus of George Eastman House]]. He also previously served as Vice Chairman for The [[Business Council]] (1997-1999), as Chairman of the [[Industry Policy Advisory Committee]] (IPAC) and as member of the President's [[Advisory Council for Trade Policy and Negotiations]] (ACTPN) (1993-2002). It is also reported that Fisher 'has been active in U.S./International trade issues through advisory groups to the [[U.S. Trade Representative]] and the [[U.S. Secretary of Commerce]]'.
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* [[George M C Fisher]] - Fisher's biography<ref> Eli Lilly and Company [http://investor.lilly.com/corpgov-BioDetail.cfm?BioID=4455&Group=2 George M C Fisher] Accessed 31st January 2008</ref> reported that he is also a Senior Advisor for [[Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and Company]] and Presiding Director of [[General Motors Corporation]]. He is a fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] and of the [[International Academy of Astronautics]]. Fisher's previous involvements include serving as chairman & CEO for [[Motorola Inc.]] and the [[Eastman Kodak Company]]. He worked for ten years in research and development at [[Bell Telephone Laboratories]], served as Chairman of [[PanAmSat Corporation]] and was on the boards of [[AT&T]], [[American Express Company]], [[Comcast Corporation]], [[Delta Air Lines Inc.]], [[Eastman Kodak Company]], [[Hughes Electronics Corporation]], [[Motorola, Inc.]], [[Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing]], [[Brown University]] and The [[National Urban League Inc.]] Fisher also served as chairman of the [[National Academy of Engineering]] (2000-2004), is a former member of the boards of the [[University of Illinois Foundation]] (1997-1999) and the [[U.S.-China Business Council]] (1997-1999), former chairman the [[Council on Competitiveness]] (1991-1993), former member of the [[World Wildlife Fund National Council]] and [[Trustee Emeritus of George Eastman House]]. He also previously served as Vice Chairman for The [[Business Council]] (1997-1999) and as Chairman of the [[Industry Policy Advisory Committee]] (IPAC). It is also reported that Fisher 'has been active in U.S./International trade issues through advisory groups to the [[U.S. Trade Representative]] and the [[U.S. Secretary of Commerce]]'. Fisher's previous involvements also include serving as member of the President's [[Advisory Committee for Trade Policy and Negotiations]] which he joined in 1997<ref> Clinton Presidential Centre [http://www.clintonpresidentialcenter.org/legacy/121597-president-names-members-to-advisory-committee-for-trade-policy.htm President Names Members to Advisory Committee for Trade Policy] Accessed 31st January 2008</ref>
 
 
 
 
 
* [[J Erik Fyrwald]] - Fyrwald's biography<ref> Eli Lilly and Company [http://investor.lilly.com/corpgov-BioDetail.cfm?BioID=9343&Group=2 J Erik Fyrwald] Accessed 31st January 2008</ref> describes how he is currently also Group Vice President of [[DuPont]] Agriculture & Nutrition (since 2003), having served [[DuPont]] in a variety of areas since he joined them in 1981. Fyrwald also serves on the boards of [[CropLife International]] President's Advisory Group, [[Des Moines Art Center]], [[Greater Des Moines Partnership]] (Public and Private Collaboration) and The [[Solae Company]].
 
* [[J Erik Fyrwald]] - Fyrwald's biography<ref> Eli Lilly and Company [http://investor.lilly.com/corpgov-BioDetail.cfm?BioID=9343&Group=2 J Erik Fyrwald] Accessed 31st January 2008</ref> describes how he is currently also Group Vice President of [[DuPont]] Agriculture & Nutrition (since 2003), having served [[DuPont]] in a variety of areas since he joined them in 1981. Fyrwald also serves on the boards of [[CropLife International]] President's Advisory Group, [[Des Moines Art Center]], [[Greater Des Moines Partnership]] (Public and Private Collaboration) and The [[Solae Company]].
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Eli Lilly provided generous support for the <i>Expert Consensus Guideline Series: Treatment of Schizophrenia 1999</i> an initiative aiming at establishing uniform medication guidelines for schizophrenia<ref> Weibert, S.  [http://www.teenscreentruth.com/New_Freedom_Commission.html The Genesis of President Bush’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health] Teenscreen Truth. Accessed 9th January 2008</ref>. It is reported that this was an initiative 'supported exclusively by 6 pharmaceutical companies: [[Eli Lilly and Company]], [[Janssen Pharmaceutica Inc.]], [[Novartis]] Pharmaceuticals Corporation, [[Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical]], [[Pfizer]] Inc. and [[Zeneca Pharmaceuticals]]' (now known as [[AstraZeneca]]).  [[Michael Hogan]] and [[Laurie Flynn]] were also involved in this initiative.
 
Eli Lilly provided generous support for the <i>Expert Consensus Guideline Series: Treatment of Schizophrenia 1999</i> an initiative aiming at establishing uniform medication guidelines for schizophrenia<ref> Weibert, S.  [http://www.teenscreentruth.com/New_Freedom_Commission.html The Genesis of President Bush’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health] Teenscreen Truth. Accessed 9th January 2008</ref>. It is reported that this was an initiative 'supported exclusively by 6 pharmaceutical companies: [[Eli Lilly and Company]], [[Janssen Pharmaceutica Inc.]], [[Novartis]] Pharmaceuticals Corporation, [[Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical]], [[Pfizer]] Inc. and [[Zeneca Pharmaceuticals]]' (now known as [[AstraZeneca]]).  [[Michael Hogan]] and [[Laurie Flynn]] were also involved in this initiative.
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[[Eli Lilly and Company]] was a donor to the [[Science Media Centre]] in 2004 and 2005 according to the SMC.<ref>Data from Internet Archive holdings of the Science Media Centre website, 2002-2013.
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*Oct 2004 http://web.archive.org/web/20041205182639/http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/funding.htm and http://web.archive.org/web/20051029205959/http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/funding.htm
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*Nov 2005 http://web.archive.org/web/20051227000834/http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/funding.htm
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</ref>
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==Public Relations, Lobbying and Business Intelligence Firms==
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Eli Lilly is listed as a client for [[Business Insights]]<ref> Business Insights [http://globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbhc0019m.pdf Patient Power: The shift towards more informed, more powerful consumers of drugs] Accessed 5th February 2008</ref>, The [[Gorlin Group]]<ref>The Gorlin Group [http://www.gorlingroup.com/ Clients] Accessed 20th March 2008</ref>, [[Butler Kelly]] and [[Brevia Consulting]].
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In 2008, Lilly is listed as a client of [[Innovex]]<ref> Innovex [http://www.innovexcareers.com/content_static/c_ourcustomers.asp?session_id={212F403D-EE9F-433B-A03A-E66AB35FB45E} Our Customers] Accessed 12th February 2008</ref>, as a member of the [[American Benefits Council]]<ref>American Benefits Council [http://www.americanbenefitscouncil.org/about/memberlist.cfm Memberships] Accessed 26th February 2008</ref> and a member of the [[International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations]]<ref>International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations [http://www.ifpma.org/About_Us/about_mem_europe.aspx Members] Accessed 11th March 2008</ref>
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The Centre for Responsive Ethics report the following as agencies hired to assist in Eli Lilly's lobbying activities in 2007<ref>The Centre for Responsive Ethics [http://www.opensecrets.org/lobbyists/clientsum.asp?txtname=Eli+Lilly+%26+Co&year=2007 Lobbying/Eli Lilly & Co] Accessed 12th March 2008</ref>...
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* [[McManus Group]] - $180,000
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* [[Nickles Group]] - $169,500
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* [[Barbour, Griffith and Rogers]] - $120,000
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* [[Ricchetti Inc]] - $120,000
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* [[Foley Hoag]] LLP - $100,000
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* [[OB-C Group]] - $60,000
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* [[Capitol Hill Consulting]] - $40,000
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* [[Sidley, Austin et al]] - $40,000
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* [[Monument Policy Group]] - $33,000
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Other agencies hired previous to 2007 (during the period 1999-2006) are reported as...
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* [[PodestaMattoon]]
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* [[Legislative Strategies Group]]
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* [[McDermott, Will & Emery]]
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* [[Albers & Co]]
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* [[Crowell & Moring]]
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* [[Bennett, Turner & Coleman]]
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* [[Clark & Weinstock]]
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* [[Ernst & Young]]
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* [[HC Assoc]]
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* [[Policy Directions Inc]]
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* [[Baker & Hostetler]]
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* [[Shook, Hardy & Bacon]]
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* [[Alexander Strategy Group]]
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* [[Verner, Liipfert et al]]
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* [[Strategic Health Solutions]]
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* [[Venn Strategies]]
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* [[Ropes & Gray]]
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* [[Mayer, Brown et al]]
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* [[Greenberg Traurig]] LLP
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* [[Andreae & Assoc]]
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* [[Andreae, Vick & Assoc]]
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* [[Westin Rinehart Group]]
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* [[Guida Consulting Services]]
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* [[Spencer-Roberts]]
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* [[Venable]] LLP
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* [[Pillsbury, Winthrop et al]]
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==Government and the Corporate Purse==
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The Centre for Responsive Ethics report the following political contributions by Eli Lilly<ref>The Centre for Responsive Ethics [http://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary.asp?ID=D000000166&Name=Eli%20Lilly%20&%20Co Eli Lilly and Company] Accessed 12th March 2008</ref>...
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* 2007-2008 $341,006 (51% Democrat, 49% Republican) -note:full contributions not yet calculated for this cycle.
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* 2005-2006 $746,660 (27% Dems, 72% Reps)
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* 2003-2004 $981,252 (27% Dems, 73% Reps)
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* 2001-2002 $1,665,031 (26% Dems, 74% Reps)
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* 1999-2000 $1,759,025 (20% Dems, 80% Reps)
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Lobbying expenditure is reported as follows<ref>The Centre for Responsive Ethics [http://www.opensecrets.org/lobbyists/clientsum.asp?txtname=Eli+Lilly+%26+Co&year=2007 Lobbying/Eli Lilly & Co] Accessed 12th March 2008</ref>...
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* 2007 - $1,960,000 (total amount not yet available)
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* 2006 - $3,700,000 
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* 2005 - $3,086,890 
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* 2004 - $3,400,000
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* 2003 - $4,760,000 
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* 2002 - $6,800,000 
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* 2001 - $6,500,000 
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* 2000 - $5,300,000 
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* 1999 - $4,590,000
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==Influencing Doctors==
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In 2007, [[Shahram Ahari]] former pharmaceutical sales representative for Eli Lilly makes clear the influence that pharmaceuticals firms have over doctors in the <i>Public Library of Science</i> (PLoS) journal<ref>Public Library of Science [http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0040150 Following the Script: How Drug Reps Make Friends and Influence Doctors] Accessed 28th March 2008</ref>.
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'It's my job to figure out what a physician's price is... at the most basic level, everything is for sale and everything is an exchange'.
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See [[How the Pharmaceutical Industry Influences Doctors]] for details
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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[[Category:Pharmaceutical Industry]]
 
[[Category:Pharmaceutical Industry]]
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[[Category:Big Pharma]]
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[[Category:Science Media Centre]]

Latest revision as of 14:38, 12 July 2016

Eli Lilly and Company Limited is the UK affiliate of the American pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Company of Indianapolis. In itself, Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd. is a major pharmaceutical company.[1].

Lilly has been involved in several significant pharmaceutical developments. In 1928 Lilly scientists developed the first effective treatment for pernicious anaemia, for which they share a Nobel prize. Lilly began production of Penicillin in 1943. In 1986 Lilly began to market selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, used to treat clinical depression. In 2005 Lilly released a new drug for depression, Cymbalta.[2]

Lilly’s current research interests include schizophrenia, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, attention deficit disorder, erectile dysfunction, severe sepsis, depression and bipolar disorder.

Lilly manufactures several well known pharmaceutical products including Zyprexa and Prozac (an SSRI). Zyprexa has been prescribed to nearly 20 million people globally, for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.[3] Prozac is the most widely prescribed antidepressant in history and has been used by over 54 million patients globally to treat depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa and panic disorder.[4]

Eli Lilly’s global sales in 2005 were $14.65B and their research and development spend $3,025M. Zyprexa sales alone totalled $4.20B.[5]


People

Board of Directors

Eli Lilly and Company list their Board of Directors for 2007 as[6]...

  • Alfred G Gilman - Gilman's biography[14] reports that he joined Eli Lilly in 1995. Gilman is also Executive Vice President for academic affairs and provost at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, where he also serves as regental professor of pharmacology and as Dean of Southwestern Medical School. He is a member of the board of directors of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.. Gilman previously served ten years with the University of Virginia in Charlottesville (commencing in 1971), where his positions included assistant, associate, and professor of pharmacology, and director of the medical scientist training program. He was also the editor of Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics from 1980–1990.

Executive Management

Eli Lilly and Company list their Executive Management for 2007 as comprising[20]...

Patient Groups

Eli Lilly and Company UK report their relationships with Patient Groups in 2006 as follows[21]...

In 2006, the Lilly Grants Committee has made the following grants:

Affiliations

Eli Lilly list some of their alliances with other organisations as follows[22]. The exact nature and timescales of the alliances are not disclosed.

Particia Martin, Executive Director of alliance management at Eli Lilly reported to Pharmaceutical Executive [23] that Lilly has been partnering for a long time and is involved in hundreds of alliances.

Eli Lilly provided generous support for the Expert Consensus Guideline Series: Treatment of Schizophrenia 1999 an initiative aiming at establishing uniform medication guidelines for schizophrenia[24]. It is reported that this was an initiative 'supported exclusively by 6 pharmaceutical companies: Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen Pharmaceutica Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical, Pfizer Inc. and Zeneca Pharmaceuticals' (now known as AstraZeneca). Michael Hogan and Laurie Flynn were also involved in this initiative.

Eli Lilly and Company was a donor to the Science Media Centre in 2004 and 2005 according to the SMC.[25]

Public Relations, Lobbying and Business Intelligence Firms

Eli Lilly is listed as a client for Business Insights[26], The Gorlin Group[27], Butler Kelly and Brevia Consulting.

In 2008, Lilly is listed as a client of Innovex[28], as a member of the American Benefits Council[29] and a member of the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations[30]

The Centre for Responsive Ethics report the following as agencies hired to assist in Eli Lilly's lobbying activities in 2007[31]...

Other agencies hired previous to 2007 (during the period 1999-2006) are reported as...

Government and the Corporate Purse

The Centre for Responsive Ethics report the following political contributions by Eli Lilly[32]...

  • 2007-2008 $341,006 (51% Democrat, 49% Republican) -note:full contributions not yet calculated for this cycle.
  • 2005-2006 $746,660 (27% Dems, 72% Reps)
  • 2003-2004 $981,252 (27% Dems, 73% Reps)
  • 2001-2002 $1,665,031 (26% Dems, 74% Reps)
  • 1999-2000 $1,759,025 (20% Dems, 80% Reps)

Lobbying expenditure is reported as follows[33]...

  • 2007 - $1,960,000 (total amount not yet available)
  • 2006 - $3,700,000
  • 2005 - $3,086,890
  • 2004 - $3,400,000
  • 2003 - $4,760,000
  • 2002 - $6,800,000
  • 2001 - $6,500,000
  • 2000 - $5,300,000
  • 1999 - $4,590,000

Influencing Doctors

In 2007, Shahram Ahari former pharmaceutical sales representative for Eli Lilly makes clear the influence that pharmaceuticals firms have over doctors in the Public Library of Science (PLoS) journal[34].

'It's my job to figure out what a physician's price is... at the most basic level, everything is for sale and everything is an exchange'.

See How the Pharmaceutical Industry Influences Doctors for details

References

  1. ↑ http://www.lilly.co.uk/Nitro/index.jsp (Eli Lilly and Co. Homepage)
  2. ↑ http://www.lilly.co.uk/Nitro/newTemplates/general/Content_IT_LBCT.jsp?page=1198 (Eli Lilly History online)
  3. ↑ http://www.zyprexa.com/index.jsp (Zyprexa online from Eli Lilly)
  4. ↑ http://www.prozac.com/index.jsp (Prozac online from Eli Lilly)
  5. ↑ Gray, N. (2006) Changing Landscapes: A special Report on the World’s Top 50 Pharma Companies, Pharmaceutical Executive. Available online at: pharmexec.findpharma.com/pharmexec/2005-Pharm-Exec-50-revised/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/354138
  6. ↑ Elli Lilly and Company Director Profiles Accessed 27th December 2007
  7. ↑ Eli Lilly and Company Sidney Taurel Accessed 31st January 2008
  8. ↑ Eli Lilly and Company Winifried Bischoff Accessed 31st January 2008
  9. ↑ Eli Lilly Company J Michael Cook Accessed 31st January 2008
  10. ↑ Eli Lilly and Company Martin S Feldstein Accessed 31st January 2008
  11. ↑ Eli Lilly and Company George M C Fisher Accessed 31st January 2008
  12. ↑ Clinton Presidential Centre President Names Members to Advisory Committee for Trade Policy Accessed 31st January 2008
  13. ↑ Eli Lilly and Company J Erik Fyrwald Accessed 31st January 2008
  14. ↑ Eli Lilly and Company Alfred G Gilman Accessed 31st January 2008
  15. ↑ Eli Lilly and Company Karen N Horn Accessed 31st January 2008
  16. ↑ Eli Lilly and Company John C Lechleiter Accessed 31st January 2008
  17. ↑ Eli Lilly and Company Ellen R Marram accessed 31st January 2008
  18. ↑ Eli Lilly and Company Franklin G Prendergast Accessed 31st January 2008
  19. ↑ Eli Lilly and Company Kathi P Seifert accessed 31st January 2008
  20. ↑ Eli Lilly and Company Executive Management Accessed 27th December 2007
  21. ↑ Eli Lilly and Company Patient Group Relationships Accessed 31st December 2007
  22. ↑ Eli Lilly and Company Alliances Accessed 31st December 2007
  23. ↑ Pharmaceutical Executive Biotech and Pharma - Why Alliances FailAccessed 31st December 2007
  24. ↑ Weibert, S. The Genesis of President Bush’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health Teenscreen Truth. Accessed 9th January 2008
  25. ↑ Data from Internet Archive holdings of the Science Media Centre website, 2002-2013.
  26. ↑ Business Insights Patient Power: The shift towards more informed, more powerful consumers of drugs Accessed 5th February 2008
  27. ↑ The Gorlin Group Clients Accessed 20th March 2008
  28. ↑ Innovex Our Customers Accessed 12th February 2008
  29. ↑ American Benefits Council Memberships Accessed 26th February 2008
  30. ↑ International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations Members Accessed 11th March 2008
  31. ↑ The Centre for Responsive Ethics Lobbying/Eli Lilly & Co Accessed 12th March 2008
  32. ↑ The Centre for Responsive Ethics Eli Lilly and Company Accessed 12th March 2008
  33. ↑ The Centre for Responsive Ethics Lobbying/Eli Lilly & Co Accessed 12th March 2008
  34. ↑ Public Library of Science Following the Script: How Drug Reps Make Friends and Influence Doctors Accessed 28th March 2008
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