Defence Intelligence

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Intelligence organisation of the UK Ministry of Defence

Defence Intelligence (DI)

Logo S960 DI Colour 95 .jpg
Type Military and civilian intelligence organisation of the Ministry of Defence
Founded 2009 (as the Defence Intelligence Staff from 1964)
Location London, Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Lincolnshire
Services Intelligence collection, analysis and assessment; geospatial intelligence
Key people Lieutenant General Matthew Jones, Chief of Defence Intelligence
Website gov.uk/government/groups/defence-intelligence
Remarks Part of Cyber & Specialist Operations Command


Defence Intelligence (DI) is the intelligence arm of the Ministry of Defence. Until 2009 it was known as the Defence Intelligence Staff.[1]

The government describes DI as "Part of Cyber & Specialist Operations Command". It provides intelligence products and assessments to decision makers in the MOD and wider government, working with GCHQ, MI5 and MI6.[2] It has around 5,000 staff, two thirds of them armed forces personnel and one third civilians, based mainly in London, Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Lincolnshire. It also has national responsibilities to other government departments, among them the National Centre for Geospatial Intelligence (NCGI).[2]

DI is headed by the Chief of Defence Intelligence (CDI). In 2012 the MOD described the post as held by "a serving 3-star military officer".[1] Adrian Bird, CDI from 2022 to 2026, was described by the Cabinet Office as "the first civilian" to hold it.[3]

Structure and organisation, 2026

  • Chief of Defence Intelligence: Matthew Jones. The MOD announced on 5 February 2026 that he would succeed Adrian Bird in summer 2026.[4] The government's Defence Intelligence page names Lieutenant General Matthew Jones as CDI.[2] Bird became Chair of the Joint Intelligence Committee from 3 July 2026.[3]
  • Deputy Chief of Defence Intelligence (DCDI): in 2012 the MOD described the DCDI as "a 2-star civilian equivalent" responsible for "the Defence Intelligence analysis and production".[1] The March 2018 staff list said the DCDI "leads the Defence Intelligence and Assessments Staff (DIAS)".[5]
  • Military deputy: in 2012 this was the Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Intelligence Capabilities), a two-star officer "responsible for intelligence collection, mapping and training".[1] The March 2018 staff list instead names a two-star Director Cyber, Intelligence and Information Integration (Dir CI3), reporting to the CDI and "responsible for integration of C4ISR and cyber operations and capability".[5]

On 12 December 2025 the MOD launched the Military Intelligence Services (MIS). It said MIS would "bring together intelligence units from the Royal Navy, British Army, Royal Air Force, UK Space Command, and Permanent Joint Headquarters", "Under the command of the Cyber and Specialist Operations Command, and the leadership of the Chief of Defence Intelligence".[6][7] Army statements of 2026 place several intelligence units in Army chains of command (see below).

Units and centres

The MOD has not published a full list of the units in DI or MIS. The units below are those named in official statements.

Defence-wide

Army

NATO

  • The NATO Intelligence Fusion Centre (NIFC) at RAF Molesworth is a NATO organisation, not part of DI or MIS. It provides intelligence to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe and Allied Command Operations.[16] NATO opened it on 16 October 2006.[17]

Reporting lines and place in the defence intelligence system

Command: from Strategic Command to Cyber & Specialist Operations Command

Defence Intelligence sat within UK Strategic Command until that command was renamed. On 1 July 2025 the Defence Secretary John Healey told Parliament that Strategic Command would become the Cyber & Specialist Operations Command (CSOC), placed "under the Command of the Chief of the Defence Staff and the newly formed Military Strategic Headquarters (MSHQ)" and given "'Lead Command' responsibilities for… Intelligence, Special Forces… [and] PJHQ".[18] CSOC was established on 1 September 2025 under General Sir James Hockenhull.[19] The government's Defence Intelligence page now describes DI as "Part of Cyber & Specialist Operations Command", with around 5,000 staff, two-thirds of them military.[2] CSOC also commands Defence's "cyber and electromagnetic capabilities",[20] and Defence Digital leads "on defensive cyber strategy, capability development and policy".[21] Those bodies are covered at Cybersecurity policy, policing and intelligence bodies in the UK.

The Chief of Defence Intelligence

DI is headed by the Chief of Defence Intelligence (CDI). In 2012 the MOD said the CDI was supported by a Deputy Chief of Defence Intelligence (DCDI), "a 2-star civilian equivalent" responsible for analysis and production. The CDI was also supported by an Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Intelligence Capabilities), "a serving 2-star military officer" responsible for "intelligence collection, mapping and training".[1]

The MOD's description of the post has changed over time. In 2012 it described the CDI as "a serving 3-star military officer" who "reports to the Chief of the Defence Staff and the Permanent Secretary of the MOD", receiving "direction from the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) and Permanent Under Secretary (PUS) on MOD's Intelligence needs" and drawing "national guidance from the Cabinet Office Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)".[1] An MOD staff list of March 2018 placed the CDI in Joint Forces Command and described the post as "MOD principal adviser on strategic Defence Intelligence issues. Process owner for Defence Intelligence. Defence Authority for C4ISR and Cyber" (see Cybersecurity policy, policing and intelligence bodies in the UK).[5]

On 5 February 2026 the MOD announced that Major General Matthew Jones OBE, then Director Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, "overseeing intelligence collection, capabilities, training, and counter-intelligence", would succeed Adrian Bird as CDI in summer 2026.[4] Bird, described by the Cabinet Office as "the first civilian" CDI, became Chair of the Joint Intelligence Committee and head of the Joint Intelligence Organisation from 3 July 2026.[3]

Military Intelligence Services

On 12 December 2025 the MOD launched the Military Intelligence Services (MIS) at RAF Wyton, together with a new Defence Counter-Intelligence Unit and a Defence Intelligence Academy. The MOD said MIS would "bring every intelligence unit and organisation within Defence under one organisation for the first time, including units from the Royal Navy, British Army and Royal Air Force", operating "Under the command of the Cyber and Specialist Operations Command, and the leadership of the Chief of Defence Intelligence".[6] The MIS page on GOV.UK says it is "led by the Chief of Defence Intelligence underpinned by the Defence Intelligence Charter" and lists its disciplines, including "Medical and biosecurity".[7]

The Army's own published structure gives a different picture. A British Army freedom of information response of 23 June 2026 states that 6 Military Intelligence Battalion, together with the information operations task forces later renamed 5 and 101 Information Warfare Battalions, sits under the headquarters of the Land Special Operations Force (LSOF), following a reorganisation on 14 April 2026.[13][14] The Army website lists the Land Intelligence Fusion Centre, the Specialist Group Military Intelligence and 2 and 3 Military Intelligence Battalions under the Army's Understand Group in Land Forces Troops.[12] The MOD's December 2025 announcement therefore describes all Defence intelligence units as one organisation under the CDI's leadership, while the Army's 2026 statements continue to place several intelligence units in Army chains of command. No published source found reconciles the two.

Defence Intelligence and the Joint Intelligence Committee

In 2012 the MOD described DI as "an essential element of the UK's central intelligence machinery", contributing "staff and resources to the Cabinet Office in support of the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)".[1] The JIC is supported by the Joint Intelligence Organisation (JIO) in the Cabinet Office, which according to the government provides "all-source intelligence assessments for the Prime Minister, the National Security Council" and others.[22] The movement of the outgoing CDI, Adrian Bird, to the chair of the JIC in July 2026 is one example of the personnel links between the two.[3]

Components

In 2012 the MOD said that collection responsibilities were shared among three areas: "Intelligence Collection Strategy and Policy, based in London; the Intelligence Collection Group, based at various locations including Brampton and Feltham; and the Defence and Security Centre, based at Chicksands in Bedfordshire".[1] See also Intelligence Collection Group and Joint Forces Intelligence Group.

The imagery unit at Wyton has a long lineage. According to the National Collection of Aerial Photography, the wartime Central Interpretation Unit at RAF Medmenham became the Joint Air Reconnaissance Intelligence Centre in 1953 and moved to RAF Brampton in 1956. The JARIC title was "formally retired in 2012". The following year its functions and staff were transferred to the newly formed Defence Intelligence Fusion Centre at RAF Wyton.[8]

Chicksands is the headquarters of the Intelligence Corps.[11] In December 2025 the MOD said MIS would be supported by a new Defence Intelligence Academy, and in 2026 an Army procurement notice placed the Academy at Chicksands.[6][10]

Medical intelligence is among the MIS disciplines listed by the MOD ("Medical and biosecurity").[7]

Single-service intelligence chains

Army. The Army 2020 basing plan of March 2013 placed 1, 2 and 4 Military Intelligence Battalions under Force Troops Command's 1st Intelligence and Surveillance Brigade, with its headquarters at Upavon.[23] On 1 August 2019 Force Troops Command was redesignated 6th (United Kingdom) Division, which included the 1st Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Brigade and 77th Brigade.[24] Under the Future Soldier plans, the Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group "will command" the Specialist Group Military Intelligence (SGMI) and the Land Intelligence Fusion Centre.[25] No official source found gives the date 6th Division ceased or when the Understand Group was formed.

The Army website now describes the Understand Group as "The Intelligence engine at the heart of the Field Army", linking Army intelligence "with the RAF and Navy Intelligence Branches, Defence Intelligence, Partners Across Government and Allies". It lists the group's units as the Land Intelligence Fusion Centre, SGMI and 2 and 3 Military Intelligence Battalions, within Land Forces Troops.[12][26] Land Forces Troops also contains the Land Special Operations Force. Its units, according to a September 2026 Army freedom of information response, include 6 Military Intelligence Battalion, 5 and 101 Information Warfare Battalions and the Honourable Artillery Company. The Army said the name "Cognitive Warfare Group" was "not a recognised or endorsed naming convention".[14]

Royal Air Force. No. 1 Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing is based at RAF Waddington. Its ISR Support Squadron supports 54 Signals Unit and 2 ISR Squadron from Waddington, RAF Digby and RAF Marham.[27]

Royal Navy. The Army describes a separate "Navy Intelligence Branch".[26] MIS is said by the MOD to include Royal Navy units.[6]

Oversight

Intelligence and Security Committee. Section 2 of the Justice and Security Act 2013 gives the Intelligence and Security Committee (ISC) oversight of the "expenditure, administration, policy and operations" of the Security Service, Secret Intelligence Service and Government Communications Headquarters. It also covers "such other activities of Her Majesty's Government in relation to intelligence or security matters as are set out in a memorandum of understanding" agreed with the Prime Minister.[28] The 2013 memorandum lists, for the MOD: "i. The strategic intelligence activities undertaken by the Chief of Defence Intelligence, including intelligence collection, analysis and training. ii. Offensive cyber." A footnote adds that "general military operations conducted by the MOD are not part of the ISC's oversight responsibilities".[29]

The ISC's website currently lists eight bodies: "the ISC oversees the policies, expenditure, administration and operations of MI5, MI6, GCHQ, Defence Intelligence, the National Cyber Force, the Joint Intelligence Organisation, the National Security Secretariat (NSS) and Homeland Security Group."[30] Its December 2025 annual report states that seven organisations were listed in the 2013 memorandum. The National Cyber Force "was added to the Committee's remit in April 2020, by way of a letter from the Foreign and Defence Secretaries". The report adds that "the MoU has not been updated at all since it was first published 12 years ago".[31]

The ISC and ministers have disagreed over how far this oversight reaches. On 16 July 2025, responding to the former Defence Secretary Ben Wallace, the ISC said: "Under the Justice and Security Act 2013, the Committee has statutory oversight of Defence Intelligence: there is nothing voluntary about it." It added that it could examine current operations "with the agreement of Ministers".[32] After the MIS announcement, the ISC Chair, Lord Beamish (Kevan Jones), said on 16 December 2025 that the Committee had not been "properly informed in advance". He said the Act and memorandum "clearly place the intelligence activities undertaken by the Chief of Defence Intelligence - including intelligence collection, analysis and training - under the remit of the Intelligence and Security Committee". He called the lack of consultation "completely unacceptable", said the Committee had received an apology from the Defence Secretary, and said it would require him to appear before it.[32]

Investigatory Powers Commissioner. According to the government's DI page, "The Investigatory Powers Commissioner inspects Defence Intelligence records for activities which may fall within the RIPA (2000) and the IPA (2016)".[2] The Investigatory Powers Commissioner's Office (IPCO) says it inspects the Ministry of Defence "three times a year, on the powers that they make use of".[33] The government's factsheets on the Investigatory Powers (Amendment) Bill proposed placing "the IPC's oversight of Ministry of Defence compliance with policies governing surveillance, and the use of covert human intelligence sources outside the UK, on a statutory footing".[34] The Commissioner's report for 2025 says that in 2023 the MOD began authorising all covert human intelligence sources (CHIS) under RIPA "regardless of location", and that "Since 2021, we have identified repeated non-compliance in the standard of MoD CHIS risk assessments". It describes a 2025 case involving "a serious operational security compromise", after which "the Chief of Defence Intelligence commissioned a comprehensive internal review of MoD CHIS policy and practice". The report also records "shortcomings" in the MOD's application of the government's Principles on detainees overseas.[35]

Defence Committee. The Commons Defence Committee examines "the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Ministry of Defence and its associated public bodies".[36] The 2013 memorandum states that ISC oversight "will not affect the wider scrutiny of departments such as the Home Office, FCO and MOD by other parliamentary committees".[29]

Units outside the ISC list. The ISC's list names Defence Intelligence and the National Cyber Force but no single-service intelligence formation. The memorandum ties MOD oversight to activities "undertaken by the Chief of Defence Intelligence" and excludes "general military operations".[29] No published memorandum, ISC report or government statement found names the Army's Understand Group, the Intelligence Corps battalions, the Land Special Operations Force or its Information Warfare Battalions, SGMI, the Honourable Artillery Company, or the RAF and Royal Navy intelligence formations as within the ISC's remit. The ISC's December 2025 statement asserts that the CDI-led MIS reforms fall within it.[32] The UK Special Forces are not on the list. Asked in 2020 about independent oversight, the Defence Secretary told the Commons that "It has been the long-standing position of successive Governments not to comment on the operations activity of the UK's special forces" and that "All military operations are overseen and scrutinised by Ministers, who are accountable to this Parliament".[37] The ISC's 2023–25 report calls the memorandum "woefully out of date", meaning "there is intelligence and security activity being undertaken by the Government that is outside the remit of the Committee and therefore does not receive effective Parliamentary scrutiny".[31]

People

# Role / Title Name Term start Term end Term length
1 Director-General Intelligence Major-General Sir Kenneth Strong 1964 1966 2 years
2 Director-General Intelligence Air Chief Marshal Sir Alfred Earle (rtd) 1966 1968 2 years
3 Director-General Intelligence Air Marshal Sir Harold Maguire (rtd) 1968 1972 4 years
4 Director-General Intelligence Vice-Admiral Sir Louis Le Bailly 1972 1975 3 years
5 Director-General Intelligence Lieutenant-General Sir David Willison (rtd) 1975 1978 3 years
6 Director-General Intelligence Air Chief Marshal Sir John Aiken (rtd) 1978 1981 3 years
7 Director-General Intelligence Vice-Admiral Sir Roy Halliday (rtd) 1981 1984 3 years
8 Deputy Chief of Defence Staff (Intelligence) Vice-Admiral Sir Norman Denning 1964 1965 1 year
9 Deputy Chief of Defence Staff (Intelligence) Air Marshal Sir Harold Maguire 1965 1968 3 years
10 Deputy Chief of Defence Staff (Intelligence) Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Fyffe 1968 1971 3 years
11 Deputy Chief of Defence Staff (Intelligence) Vice-Admiral Sir Louis Le Bailly 1971 1972 1 year
12 Deputy Chief of Defence Staff (Intelligence) Lieutenant-General Sir David Willison 1972 1975 3 years
13 Deputy Chief of Defence Staff (Intelligence) Air Marshal Sir Richard Wakeford 1975 1978 3 years
14 Deputy Chief of Defence Staff (Intelligence) Vice-Admiral Sir Roy Halliday 1978 1981 3 years
15 Deputy Chief of Defence Staff (Intelligence) Lieutenant-General Sir James Glover 1981 1983 2 years
16 Deputy Chief of Defence Staff (Intelligence) Air Marshal Sir Michael Armitage 1983 1984 1 year
17 Chief of Defence Intelligence Air Marshal Sir Michael Armitage 1984 1986 2 years
18 Chief of Defence Intelligence Lieutenant-General Sir Derek Boorman 1986 1988 2 years
19 Chief of Defence Intelligence Vice-Admiral Sir John Kerr 1988 1991 3 years
20 Chief of Defence Intelligence Air Marshal Sir John Walker 1991 1994 3 years
21 Chief of Defence Intelligence Lieutenant-General Sir John Foley 1994 1997 3 years
22 Chief of Defence Intelligence Vice-Admiral Sir Alan West 1997 2000 3 years
23 Chief of Defence Intelligence Air Marshal Sir Joe French 2000 2003 3 years
24 Chief of Defence Intelligence Lieutenant-General Sir Andrew Ridgway 2003 2006 3 years
25 Chief of Defence Intelligence Air Marshal Sir Stuart Peach 2006 2009 3 years[38]
26 Chief of Defence Intelligence Air Marshal C M Nickols 2009 2012 ~3 years
27 Chief of Defence Intelligence Vice-Admiral Alan Richards January 2012 January 2015 3 years[39]
28 Chief of Defence Intelligence Air Marshal Philip Osborn 21 January 2015 4 December 2018 ~4 years[40][41]
29 Chief of Defence Intelligence General Sir James Hockenhull KBE ADC Gen 2018 2022 4 years
30 Chief of Defence Intelligence Adrian Bird CB September 2022 2026 ~4 years[42][3]
31 Chief of Defence Intelligence Lieutenant General Matthew Jones OBE summer 2026 present [4][2]

See also

Resources

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Ministry of Defence, Defence Intelligence GOV.UK, 12 December 2012, accessed 1 November 2026.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Ministry of Defence, Defence Intelligence GOV.UK, accessed 1 November 2026.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Cabinet Office, New Head of the Joint Intelligence Organisation Appointed GOV.UK, 22 May 2026, accessed 1 November 2026.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Ministry of Defence, Defence's next top intelligence officer appointed GOV.UK, 5 February 2026, accessed 1 November 2026.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ministry of Defence, Joint Forces Command senior, as of March 2018 GOV.UK, updated 20 July 2020, accessed 1 November 2026.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Ministry of Defence and John Healey, UK launches new Military Intelligence Services as hostile threats surge GOV.UK, 12 December 2025, accessed 1 November 2026.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Ministry of Defence, Military Intelligence Services GOV.UK, accessed 1 November 2026.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 National Collection of Aerial Photography, Joint Air Reconnaissance Intelligence Centre NCAP, accessed 2 November 2026.
  9. ↑ Ministry of Defence, Head of Training Delivery Targeting College Civil Service Jobs, closing date 17 July 2026, accessed 1 November 2026.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Ministry of Defence, Delivery of Apprenticeships to the Intelligence Corps Find a Tender, 17 August 2026, accessed 1 November 2026.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 British Army, Intelligence Corps army.mod.uk, accessed 1 November 2026.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 British Army, Land Forces Troops army.mod.uk, accessed 1 November 2026.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Army Policy and Secretariat, LSOF and former 77 Brigade Freedom of Information response ArmySec/FOI2026/10971, 23 June 2026, via WhatDoTheyKnow, accessed 1 November 2026.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Army Policy and Secretariat, Land Special Operations Force organisation, nomenclature and formation insignia Freedom of Information response Army/PolSec/FOI2026/17115, 16 September 2026, via WhatDoTheyKnow, accessed 1 November 2026.
  15. ↑ British Army, Intelligence Corps – Our Units army.mod.uk, accessed 2 November 2026.
  16. ↑ NATO Intelligence Fusion Centre, NIFC Home NIFC, accessed 1 November 2026.
  17. ↑ NATO, NATO global intelligence centre opens in Britain NATO, 16 October 2006, accessed 1 November 2026.
  18. ↑ John Healey, Strategic Defence Review: Implementation (HCWS762) UK Parliament written statement, 1 July 2025, accessed 1 November 2026.
  19. ↑ Ministry of Defence, Cyber & Specialist Operations Command – Established to tackle the threats of today and tomorrow GOV.UK, 1 September 2025, accessed 1 November 2026.
  20. ↑ Cyber & Specialist Operations Command, About us GOV.UK, accessed 2 November 2026.
  21. ↑ Ministry of Defence, Defence Digital GOV.UK, accessed 2 November 2026.
  22. ↑ Cabinet Office, National Security Secretariat and Joint Intelligence Organisation: about GOV.UK, accessed 1 November 2026.
  23. ↑ Ministry of Defence, Regular Army Basing Matrix by Formation and Unit: 5 Mar 13 UK Parliament deposited paper DEP2013-0426, 5 March 2013, accessed 2 November 2026.
  24. ↑ Ministry of Defence, Army restructures to confront evolving threats GOV.UK, 1 August 2019, accessed 2 November 2026.
  25. ↑ British Army, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group army.mod.uk, accessed 2 November 2026.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 British Army, Understand Group army.mod.uk, accessed 1 November 2026.
  27. ↑ Royal Air Force, ISR Support Squadron raf.mod.uk, accessed 1 November 2026.
  28. ↑ Justice and Security Act 2013, section 2 legislation.gov.uk, accessed 1 November 2026.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament, Annual Report 2013–2014 (HC 794), Annex A: Memorandum of Understanding ISC, 25 November 2014, accessed 1 November 2026.
  30. ↑ Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament, Home: Remit ISC, accessed 1 November 2026.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament, Annual Report 2023–2025 (HC 1544) ISC, 15 December 2025, accessed 1 November 2026.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament, Statements ISC, accessed 1 November 2026.
  33. ↑ Investigatory Powers Commissioner's Office, Intelligence agencies IPCO, accessed 1 November 2026.
  34. ↑ Home Office, Investigatory Powers (Amendment) Bill: factsheets GOV.UK, 2023, accessed 1 November 2026.
  35. ↑ Investigatory Powers Commissioner, Annual Report of the Investigatory Powers Commissioner 2025 (HC 253) IPCO, 29 October 2026, accessed 1 November 2026.
  36. ↑ UK Parliament, Role – Defence Committee UK Parliament, accessed 1 November 2026.
  37. ↑ Ben Wallace, Special Forces: Independent Oversight Hansard, House of Commons, 21 September 2020, accessed 1 November 2026.
  38. ↑ UK Government, Air Chief Marshal The Lord Peach KG GBE KCB DL GOV.UK, accessed April 2026.
  39. ↑ The London Gazette, Supplement No. 2, Ministry of Defence, Royal Navy The London Gazette, 24 January 2012, accessed 1 November 2026.
  40. ↑ The London Gazette, Supplement 61123, p. 1283, Royal Air Force The London Gazette, 27 January 2015, accessed 1 November 2026.
  41. ↑ Advisory Committee on Business Appointments, Osborn, Philip - Chief of Defence Intelligence, Ministry of Defence - ACOBA advice GOV.UK, 1 December 2020, accessed 1 November 2026.
  42. ↑ UK Government, Adrian Bird appointed new Chief of Defence Intelligence GOV.UK, 22 July 2022, accessed 1 November 2026.
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