Difference between revisions of "James Jesus Angleton"

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1917-1987. Head of [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] counterintelligence for more than 20 years. <ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE0DD1239F931A25756C0A961948260 JAMES ANGLETON, COUNTERINTELLIGENCE FIGURE, DIES], by [[Stephen Engleberg]], [[New York Times]], 12 May 1987.</ref>
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[[Image:Angletn.jpg|200px|right|thumb|James Angleton]]
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'''James Jesus Angleton''', (1917-1987) was head of [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] counterintelligence for more than 20 years. <ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE0DD1239F931A25756C0A961948260 JAMES ANGLETON, COUNTERINTELLIGENCE FIGURE, DIES], by [[Stephen Engleberg]], [[New York Times]], 12 May 1987.</ref>
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 +
==Background==
 +
James Jesus Angleton was born in Boise, Idaho, on 9 December 1917, the son of [[James Hugh Angleton]] and his wife Carmen Mercedes Moreno.<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.10.</ref>
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 +
==OSS==
 +
Angleton was inducted into the US Army on 19 March 1943. By August, he had been offered work in the [[Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS), thanks to the efforts of his father and his former professor [[Norman Pearson]], both already OSS officers.<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.16.</ref> In late December 1943, he left for London where he had been posted to the Italian desk of X-2, the counterintelligence wing of OSS.<ref name="ColdWarrior17">Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.17.</ref>
 +
 
 +
Within six months, he had become head of the Italian Desk for the European Theatre of Operations. In October 1944, he was posted to Rome as head of [[Special Counterintelligence Unit Z]]. In March 1945, he became head of X-2 for Italy.<ref name="ColdWarrior20">Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.20.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==Strategic Services Unit==
 +
After the dissolution of the OSS, Angleton stayed on in the [[Strategic Services Unit]] (SSU) in Rome, as a captain in command of 2677 Regiment. He was the senior US intelligence officer in Italy. He continued to serve in Italy in the SSU's successor, the [[Central Intelligence Group]].<ref name="ColdWarrior336">Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.336.</ref>
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==CIA==
 +
Angleton joined the [[CIA]] in late 1948 as an aide to the director of the [[Office of Special Operations]].<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.23.</ref>
 +
 
 +
Under [[Walter Bedell Smith]] in the early 1950s, Angleton served as Chief of Staff A (foreign intelligence operations.<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.27.</ref>
 +
 
 +
===Israel Account===
 +
In early 1951, Angleton acquired responsibility for liaison with Israel, as head of the newly created [[Special Operations Group]], which was kept separate from the CIA's Middle Eastern Division.<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.28</ref> The CIA's Tel Aviv station was not allowed direct contact with its counterparts in Arab capitals without going through Angleton's Washington office.<ref name="ColdWarrior291">Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.291.</ref>
 +
 
 +
Angleton believed that Jewish emigration from the Soviet Bloc was a potentially valuable source of intelligence, but also feared that it would be exploited by the Soviet Union to infiltrate the west.<ref name="ColdWarrior337-8">Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.337-338.</ref>
 +
 
 +
In the spring of 1974, incoming CIA director [[William Colby]] began to chip away at Angleton's control of the Israeli account by re-routing the Tel Aviv station's reporting through the Middle East Division and the Directorate of Operations.<ref name="ColdWarrior291">Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.291.</ref>
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 +
Colby told Angleton he was losing the Israel account completely on 17 December 1974, only a few days before he was fired outright.<ref name="ColdWarrior291">Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.292.</ref>
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 +
===Counterintelligence chief===
 +
In December 1954, Angleton became chief of the newly-formed [[CIA Counterintelligence Staff]].<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.29.</ref>
 +
 
 +
===Lovestone Account===
 +
From 1955, Angleton ran [[Jay Lovestone]] who provided material in memos known as 'JX reports'.<ref name="ColdWarrior291">Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.291</ref>
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 +
==American Security Council==
 +
Angleton began working at the Washington office of the [[American Security Council]] in the summer of 1976. He served as President of an organization created by ASC and run out of the Council’s offices, known as the [[Security and Intelligence Fund]].<ref name="ASCFund">[http://web.archive.org/web/20031012102937/http://www.ascfusa.org/publications/american_century/americancentury_ciatrial_asc.htm ASC's Security and Intelligence Fund], American Security Council Foundation, archived at the Internet Archive 12 October 2003, accessed 15 January 2013.</ref>
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According to the ASC, Angleton gave a grim summary of the outlook for the CIA, during his first visit to the Council's Congressional Conference Center.
 +
::According to Angleton, the CIA’s counterintelligence division was effectively disbanded, and for all practical purposes covert operations were also shut down. He also said morale at Langley was dismal.<ref name="ASCFund">[http://web.archive.org/web/20031012102937/http://www.ascfusa.org/publications/american_century/americancentury_ciatrial_asc.htm ASC's Security and Intelligence Fund], American Security Council Foundation, archived at the Internet Archive 12 October 2003, accessed 15 January 2013.</ref>
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The ASC gives the following account of comments by Angleton, apparently at an ASC luncheon in May 1976:
 +
::Angleton said it was essential for America’s national security for both the [[CIA]] and the [[FBI]] to be rescued. He thought [[William Colby]]’s firing was an excellent start, and he had a high opinion of the current Director, [[George H.W. Bush]]. Because of the [[Church Committee]] and other investigations, he thought Bush needed considerable support. “This is the first time in history that the CIA needs overt public support, and we have to let the American people know what is happening,” Angleton said.<ref name="ASCFund">[http://web.archive.org/web/20031012102937/http://www.ascfusa.org/publications/american_century/americancentury_ciatrial_asc.htm ASC's Security and Intelligence Fund], American Security Council Foundation, archived at the Internet Archive 12 October 2003, accessed 15 January 2013.</ref>  
  
 
==Affiliations==
 
==Affiliations==
 +
*[[Office of Strategic Services]]
 
*[[Central Intelligence Agency]]
 
*[[Central Intelligence Agency]]
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*[[American Security Council]]
  
 
==Connections==
 
==Connections==
 +
 +
*[[William J. Hood]] - executive officer of the CIA Counterintelligence Division
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*[[Mario Brod]]
 
*[[Jay Lovestone]]
 
*[[Jay Lovestone]]
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*[[James Dudley]]
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*[[Amos Manor]]
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*[[Meir Deshalit]]
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===Intelligence fundamentalists===
 +
'Intelligence fundamentalists' is the term used by Tom Mangold for the counterintelligence officers who supported Angleton's belief in a monolithic Soviet threat.<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.37-38.</ref>
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*[[Raymond Rocca]] - Deputy Chief of the CIA Counterintelligence Division.
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*[[Newton S. Miler]] - chief of operations of the CIA Counterintelligence Division.<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.39.</ref>
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*[[David Murphy]] - Chief of the [[CIA Soviet Russia Division]] c.1964.<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.132.</ref>
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*[[Joe Evans]] - Section chief, Counterintelligence Branch, Soviet Division, CIA.
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*[[Peter Kapusta]] - Illegals section chief, Counterintelligence Branch, Soviet Division, CIA.<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.192.</ref>
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*[[Ed Petty]]
 +
*[[Pete Bagley]]<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.132.</ref>
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*[[William Sullivan]] - [[FBI]]<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.213.</ref>
 +
*[[Sam Papich]]<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.132.</ref>
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*[[Arthur Martin]] - Head of D1 (Soviet counterespionage) [[MI5]].
 +
*[[Peter Wright]] - [[MI5]].<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.71. </ref>
 +
*[[Stephen de Mowbray]]<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.132.</ref>
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*[[Philippe De Vosjoli]] - [[SDECE]] liaison officer in Washington 1951-1963<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.98 .</ref>
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 +
==Molehunt targets==
 +
===Operation HONETOL (CIA internal investigation)===
 +
*[[Peter Karlow]]<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.232.</ref>
 +
*[[Paul Garbler]]<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.237.</ref>
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*[[Vasia Gmirkin]]<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.239.</ref>
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*[[Richard Kovich]]<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.244.</ref>
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*[[David Chavchavadze]]<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.315.</ref>
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===Operation GRIDIRON (Canada)===
 +
*[[James Bennett]]<ref>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.262.</ref>
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===Public figures===
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====US====
 +
*[[Henry Kissinger]]
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*[[Averell Harriman]]
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*[[Armand Hammer]]<ref name="ColdWarrior281-2>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.281-282.</ref>
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====Canada====
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*[[Lester Pearson]]<ref name="ColdWarrior281-2>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.281-282.</ref>
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====UK====
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*[[Harold Wilson]]<ref name="ColdWarrior281-2>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.281-282.</ref>
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====France====
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*[[Jacques Foccart]]
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*[[Louis Joxe]]
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*[[Georges Gorse]]<ref>David Wise, ''Molehunt: How the Search for a Phantom Traitor Shattered the CIA'', Avon Books, 1992, p.117.</ref>
 +
 +
====Germany====
 +
*[[Willy Brandt]]<ref name="ColdWarrior281-2>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.281-282.</ref>
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====Sweden====
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*[[Olof Palme]]<ref name="ColdWarrior281-2>Tom Mangold, ''Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter'', Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.281-282.</ref>
 +
 +
==Resources, Notes==
 +
===Resources===
 +
*Spartacus Educational [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SSangleton.htm James Angleton], accessed 28 March 2009
 +
*Edward Jay Epstein, [http://www.edwardjayepstein.com/diary/angleton.htm James Jesus Angleton: The Orchid Man], edwardjayepstein.com
 +
*David Robarge, [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol53no4/pdf/JIH-Angleton-Robarge-2003.pdf Moles, Defectors, and Deceptions: James Angleton and CIA Counterintelligence], ''The Journal of Intelligence History'', Winter 2003.
 +
*Ronald Kessler, [http://www.newsmax.com/RonaldKessler/James-Angleton-CIA-spies/2012/03/28/id/434109 James Angleton’s Dangerous CIA Legacy], ''Newsmax, 28 March 2012.
  
 
==Notes==
 
==Notes==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
  
 +
[[Category:Yale alumni|Angleton, James]]
 
[[category:spooks|Angleton, James]]
 
[[category:spooks|Angleton, James]]
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[[category:OSS|Angleton, James]]
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[[category:CIA|Angleton, James]]

Latest revision as of 01:58, 2 February 2013

James Angleton

James Jesus Angleton, (1917-1987) was head of CIA counterintelligence for more than 20 years. [1]

Background

James Jesus Angleton was born in Boise, Idaho, on 9 December 1917, the son of James Hugh Angleton and his wife Carmen Mercedes Moreno.[2]

OSS

Angleton was inducted into the US Army on 19 March 1943. By August, he had been offered work in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), thanks to the efforts of his father and his former professor Norman Pearson, both already OSS officers.[3] In late December 1943, he left for London where he had been posted to the Italian desk of X-2, the counterintelligence wing of OSS.[4]

Within six months, he had become head of the Italian Desk for the European Theatre of Operations. In October 1944, he was posted to Rome as head of Special Counterintelligence Unit Z. In March 1945, he became head of X-2 for Italy.[5]

Strategic Services Unit

After the dissolution of the OSS, Angleton stayed on in the Strategic Services Unit (SSU) in Rome, as a captain in command of 2677 Regiment. He was the senior US intelligence officer in Italy. He continued to serve in Italy in the SSU's successor, the Central Intelligence Group.[6]

CIA

Angleton joined the CIA in late 1948 as an aide to the director of the Office of Special Operations.[7]

Under Walter Bedell Smith in the early 1950s, Angleton served as Chief of Staff A (foreign intelligence operations.[8]

Israel Account

In early 1951, Angleton acquired responsibility for liaison with Israel, as head of the newly created Special Operations Group, which was kept separate from the CIA's Middle Eastern Division.[9] The CIA's Tel Aviv station was not allowed direct contact with its counterparts in Arab capitals without going through Angleton's Washington office.[10]

Angleton believed that Jewish emigration from the Soviet Bloc was a potentially valuable source of intelligence, but also feared that it would be exploited by the Soviet Union to infiltrate the west.[11]

In the spring of 1974, incoming CIA director William Colby began to chip away at Angleton's control of the Israeli account by re-routing the Tel Aviv station's reporting through the Middle East Division and the Directorate of Operations.[10]

Colby told Angleton he was losing the Israel account completely on 17 December 1974, only a few days before he was fired outright.[10]

Counterintelligence chief

In December 1954, Angleton became chief of the newly-formed CIA Counterintelligence Staff.[12]

Lovestone Account

From 1955, Angleton ran Jay Lovestone who provided material in memos known as 'JX reports'.[10]

American Security Council

Angleton began working at the Washington office of the American Security Council in the summer of 1976. He served as President of an organization created by ASC and run out of the Council’s offices, known as the Security and Intelligence Fund.[13] According to the ASC, Angleton gave a grim summary of the outlook for the CIA, during his first visit to the Council's Congressional Conference Center.

According to Angleton, the CIA’s counterintelligence division was effectively disbanded, and for all practical purposes covert operations were also shut down. He also said morale at Langley was dismal.[13]

The ASC gives the following account of comments by Angleton, apparently at an ASC luncheon in May 1976:

Angleton said it was essential for America’s national security for both the CIA and the FBI to be rescued. He thought William Colby’s firing was an excellent start, and he had a high opinion of the current Director, George H.W. Bush. Because of the Church Committee and other investigations, he thought Bush needed considerable support. “This is the first time in history that the CIA needs overt public support, and we have to let the American people know what is happening,” Angleton said.[13]

Affiliations

Connections

Intelligence fundamentalists

'Intelligence fundamentalists' is the term used by Tom Mangold for the counterintelligence officers who supported Angleton's belief in a monolithic Soviet threat.[14]

Molehunt targets

Operation HONETOL (CIA internal investigation)

Operation GRIDIRON (Canada)

Public figures

US

Canada

UK

France

Germany

Sweden

Resources, Notes

Resources

Notes

  1. ↑ JAMES ANGLETON, COUNTERINTELLIGENCE FIGURE, DIES, by Stephen Engleberg, New York Times, 12 May 1987.
  2. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.10.
  3. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.16.
  4. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.17.
  5. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.20.
  6. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.336.
  7. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.23.
  8. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.27.
  9. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.28
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.291. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ColdWarrior291" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ColdWarrior291" defined multiple times with different content
  11. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.337-338.
  12. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.29.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 ASC's Security and Intelligence Fund, American Security Council Foundation, archived at the Internet Archive 12 October 2003, accessed 15 January 2013.
  14. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.37-38.
  15. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.39.
  16. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.132.
  17. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.192.
  18. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.132.
  19. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.213.
  20. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.132.
  21. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.71.
  22. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.132.
  23. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.98 .
  24. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.232.
  25. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.237.
  26. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.239.
  27. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.244.
  28. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.315.
  29. ↑ Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, p.262.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior - James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, Simon and Schuster, 1991, pp.281-282.
  31. ↑ David Wise, Molehunt: How the Search for a Phantom Traitor Shattered the CIA, Avon Books, 1992, p.117.
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