Difference between revisions of "Michael Lewis"

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(correction/clarification re 2009 werrity/israel trip)
(Add-only: Charity Commission/Companies House trusteeship and "Links to Israel and the IDF" (identity checked: CH born Jan 1959 with UJIA and BICOM directorships as on this page; foundation trusteeship already on this page))
 
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[[Michael Lewis]] is a director of the South African retailer [[Foschini]] Ltd. He is also the founder of the Israeli biotech company [[ProChon Biotech]] Limited.<ref>[http://www.strategicdialogue.org/about-us/trustees/ ISD Board of Trustees], Institute for Strategic Dialogue, accessed 16 October 2011.</ref>
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[[Michael Lewis]] (born 27 January 1959) is a director of the South African retailer [[Foschini]] Ltd. He is also the founder of the Israeli biotech company [[ProChon Biotech]] Limited.<ref>[http://www.strategicdialogue.org/about-us/trustees/ ISD Board of Trustees], Institute for Strategic Dialogue, accessed 16 October 2011.</ref>
  
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==The Lewis Family and Business Background==
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Michael Lewis is the son of the Stanley and Zea Lewis (née Theadora).  His paternal grandfather, the Latvian-born [[Meyer Lewis]], established a furniture company in Cape
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Town in 1934 which in 1946 was listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.<ref>Lewis Group, > Overview > History. Annual Report 2010 http://www.lewisgroup.co.za/investor/financials/ar/ar2010/overview/history.asp</ref> For several decades Michael Lewis’s late father, [[Stanley Lewis]], controlled the South African clothing retailer Foschini and the Israeli travel company [[Paltours]] (which was originally a subsidiary of the [[Jewish Colonial Trust]]<ref>Haim Shapiro, ‘Tourist firm that goes with the Zionist flow’, ''Jerusalem Post'', 18 April 1995, p.8.</ref>).
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Stanley Lewis moved from Cape Town to London in 1986<ref>Obituary: Stanley Lewis, Jewish Chronicle, 18 December 2009, p.30.</ref> where he established the family’s investment vehicle [[Oceana Investment Corporation]], probably best known in the UK for its attempted takeover of the [[Etam]] clothing chain in 1992.<ref>‘South African Family Grabs A Secret Stake in Rejuvenated British Retailer’, Sunday Business, 18 March 2001.</ref> Michael Lewis joined [[Oceana Investment Corporation]] in 1987 having worked as a fund manager in Edinburgh and London<ref>Trialpha Oceana Concentrated Opportunities Fund Report and Consolidated Financial Statements for the period 16 February 2007 to 31 March 2008, p.11.</ref> and from that point jointly managed the family’s business interests with his father.
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Today the Lewis family’s substantial wealth, which is held via trusts and offshore companies, is
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managed by Michael Lewis and his business associate [[David Sable]], a fellow South African. Lewis
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and Sable run a London based investment advisory firm, [[Oceana Investment Partners]], which
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manages the approximately £8 million of assets held by the family’s UK holdings company Oceana
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Investment Corporation as well as approximately £38 million worth of assets held by the Jersey
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incorporated [[Oceana Concentrated Opportunities Fund]] Ltd. The Jersey Fund has significant
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stakes in the African furniture company, the [[Lewis Group]] (founded by Lewis’s grandfather), the
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UK property companies [[Max Property Group]] plc and [[Berkeley Group Holdings]] plc, and the UK
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merchant bank [[United Trust Bank]], where Michael Lewis serves as a director.<ref>Oceana Concentrated Opportunities Fund Ltd Accounts made up to 31 March 2011, p.8.</ref> The Fund has also committed £5.9 million to [[Synova Capital]], a private equity fund in which [[Poju Zabludowicz]] is the main investor.<ref>Oceana Concentrated Opportunities Fund Ltd Accounts made up to 31 March 2011, p.11.</ref>
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The Oceana Concentrated Opportunities Fund formerly invested approximately a third of its funds in
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the pro-Israel German media company [[Axel Springer]], where Michael Lewis is still a member of the Supervisory Board.<ref>Axel Springer, Supervisory Board, http://www.axelspringer.de/en/artikel/Supervisory-Board_85415.html [Accessed 10 August 2012]</ref> The shares were purchased from [[Friede Springer]], the widow of the company’s founder who is friends with Michael Lewis and with the German Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]].<ref> ‘Axel Springer stake buyer is Liam Fox pal’, Evening Standard, 3 March 2006.</ref>
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The Lewis family has supported other pro-Israel organisations in the UK in addition to [[BICOM]]. The family’s charitable foundation, the [[Stanley & Zea Lewis Family Foundation]], donated a total of £193,239 to the [[United Jewish Israel Appeal]] between April 2009 and March 2011<ref>Stanley & Zea Lewis Family Foundation Financial Statements Year Ended 31 March 2010; Stanley & Zea Lewis Family Foundation Financial Statements Year Ended 31 March 2011</ref> and in 2011
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pledged £3 million to the [[University of Oxford]] to fund the appointment of a Professor of Israel Studies.<ref>Lewis Group, > Overview > History. [http://www.lewisgroup.co.za/investor/financials/ar/ar2010/overview/history.asp Annual Report 2010].</ref> Michael Lewis, who is a trustee of the family foundation, was a director of the [[United Jewish Israel Appeal]] from September 2001 to October 2007.
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Michael Lewis is also chairman of the London-based think tank, the [[Institute for Strategic Dialogue]] (ISD), having joined as a trustee in 2005.<ref>The Trialogue Educational Trust Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2005.</ref> The ISD was founded by its President, the veteran
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Zionist [[Lord Weidenfeld]]. It grew out of the [[Club of Three]], an elite policy forum bringing together
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powerful figures from business and politics in France, Germany and the UK. The Institute jointly
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organises an annual event called the [[European-Israeli Dialogue]] with [[Axel Springer]], the [[Jerusalem Foundation]] and the [[Portland Trust]]. It also sponsors research on ‘extremism’ and radicalisation’.<ref>Institute for Strategic Dialogue ‘Counter-Extremism’, http://www.strategicdialogue.org/programmes/counter-extremism/</ref>
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==BICOM - donor and former vice chair==
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Michael Lewis served as a director of BICOM between September 2006 and December 2007. During his time he was reportedly the organisation's vice-chairman and is known to have donated a total of £25,000.<ref> BICOM Accounts made up to 31 December 2007, p.4.</ref> He has said that he has had no involvement in BICOM since 2007, but has confirmed he remains a donor.<ref>See note accompanying Rupert Neate, ‘[http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2011/oct/13/donor-liam-fox-flights-washington Liam Fox took five MPs to Washington with donor’s money’], ''The Guardian'', 13 October 2011.</ref>
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==Liam Fox and Atlantic Bridge==
 
In October 2005, Defence Secretary [[Liam Fox]] flew to the United States with five newly elected MPs - [[Mark Harper]], [[John Penrose]], [[Brooks Newmark]], [[Adam Holloway]] and [[Philip Dunne]]. In the register of members interests, all the MPs said their flights and accomodation had been paid for using a donation from Michael Lewis.<ref>Rupert Neate, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/oct/13/donor-liam-fox-flights-washington Liam Fox took five MPs to Washington with donor's money], guardian.co.uk, 13 October 2011.</ref>  
 
In October 2005, Defence Secretary [[Liam Fox]] flew to the United States with five newly elected MPs - [[Mark Harper]], [[John Penrose]], [[Brooks Newmark]], [[Adam Holloway]] and [[Philip Dunne]]. In the register of members interests, all the MPs said their flights and accomodation had been paid for using a donation from Michael Lewis.<ref>Rupert Neate, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/oct/13/donor-liam-fox-flights-washington Liam Fox took five MPs to Washington with donor's money], guardian.co.uk, 13 October 2011.</ref>  
  
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Lewis was on the board of directors of [[Britain Israel Communications and Research Centre]] (BICOM) between 6 September 2006 - 3 Dec 2007<ref>[http://powerbase.info/images/3/30/Bicom_Appointments%2C_13_June_2012.pdf BICOM Appointments 13 June 2012], Companies House via Powerbase.</ref> and served as Vice Chairman  until 2007, after which point 'he has had no involvement in the organisation, save as a donor', according to a clarification published in the ''Guardian''.<ref>Rupert Neate, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/oct/13/donor-liam-fox-flights-washington Liam Fox took five MPs to Washington with donor's money], guardian.co.uk, 13 October 2011</ref>
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In a clarification in October 2011 ''The Guardian'' said it had incorrectly stated that Lewis had arranged a trip in 2009 to a security seminar in Israel for  Liam Fox's friend [[Adam Werritty]]. "Mr Lewis... remains a donor to [[Bicom]] but has never had involvement in Mr Werritty's travel arrangements".<ref name="Doward">Liam Doward, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/oct/15/liam-fox-atlantic-bridge Liam Fox's Atlantic Bridge linked top Tories and Tea Party activists], guardian.co.uk, 15 October 2011, amended 19 October 2011</ref>
  
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Lewis has donated £13,832 to [[Liam Fox]]'s defunct Atlantic Bridge charity.<ref>Rupert Neate, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/oct/13/donor-liam-fox-flights-washington Liam Fox took five MPs to Washington with donor's money], guardian.co.uk, 13 October 2011.</ref>
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Lewis has donated £13,832 to Fox's defunct [[Atlantic Bridge]] charity.<ref>Rupert Neate, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/oct/13/donor-liam-fox-flights-washington Liam Fox took five MPs to Washington with donor's money], guardian.co.uk, 13 October 2011</ref>
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Another clarification in October 2011 by the Guardian stated that it had incorrectly stated that Lewis had arranged a trip to a security seminar in Israel in 2009 for  Fox's friend [[Adam Werritty]]. "Mr Lewis... remains a donor to Bicom but has never had involvement in Mr Werritty's travel arrangements".
 
  
 
==Affiliations==
 
==Affiliations==
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*[[Weidenfeld Scholarships and Leadership Programme]] -co-chair<ref>[http://www.strategicdialogue.org/about-us/trustees/ ISD Board of Trustees], Institute for Strategic Dialogue, accessed 16 October 2011.</ref>
 
*[[Weidenfeld Scholarships and Leadership Programme]] -co-chair<ref>[http://www.strategicdialogue.org/about-us/trustees/ ISD Board of Trustees], Institute for Strategic Dialogue, accessed 16 October 2011.</ref>
 
*[[Atlantic Bridge]] - former donor<ref>Liam Doward, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/oct/15/liam-fox-atlantic-bridge Liam Fox's Atlantic Bridge linked top Tories and Tea Party activists], guardian.co.uk, 15 October 2011.</ref>
 
*[[Atlantic Bridge]] - former donor<ref>Liam Doward, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/oct/15/liam-fox-atlantic-bridge Liam Fox's Atlantic Bridge linked top Tories and Tea Party activists], guardian.co.uk, 15 October 2011.</ref>
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*[[Stanley and Zea Lewis Family Foundation]] - Trustee
  
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===Connections===
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==Connections==
 
*[[Liam Fox]] - 2005 Conservative leadership campaign donor<ref>Liam Doward, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/oct/15/liam-fox-atlantic-bridge Liam Fox's Atlantic Bridge linked top Tories and Tea Party activists], guardian.co.uk, 15 October 2011.</ref>
 
*[[Liam Fox]] - 2005 Conservative leadership campaign donor<ref>Liam Doward, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/oct/15/liam-fox-atlantic-bridge Liam Fox's Atlantic Bridge linked top Tories and Tea Party activists], guardian.co.uk, 15 October 2011.</ref>
  
 
==External resources==
 
==External resources==
 
*Tim Shipman, Christian Gysin and Ian Drury, [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2048421/Liam-Fox-Adam-Werritty-Michael-Hintze-tycoons-funded-globetrotting.html?ito=feeds-newsxml Tycoons who funded Fox's friend: Right-wing donors paid the bills for pair's globetrotting], dailymail.co.uk, 13 October 2011.
 
*Tim Shipman, Christian Gysin and Ian Drury, [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2048421/Liam-Fox-Adam-Werritty-Michael-Hintze-tycoons-funded-globetrotting.html?ito=feeds-newsxml Tycoons who funded Fox's friend: Right-wing donors paid the bills for pair's globetrotting], dailymail.co.uk, 13 October 2011.
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== Charity trusteeships ==
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{| class="wikitable"
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|+ Charity trusteeships
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! Charity !! Role !! From !! To !! Source
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|-
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| [[United Jewish Israel Appeal]] (1060078) || Director (trustee) || 13 September 2001 || 11 October 2007 || <ref name="ICB_CHco03295115">[[Companies House]], [https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/03295115/officers United Jewish Israel Appeal (03295115) – officers], accessed 21 October 2026.</ref>
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|-
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| [[Stanley and Zea Lewis Family Foundation]] (1021805) || Trustee || 23 December 1992 || – || <ref name="ICB_CC1021805">[[Charity Commission]], [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/charity-search/-/charity-details/1021805/trustees Stanley and Zea Lewis Family Foundation (1021805) – trustees], ''Register of Charities'', accessed 21 October 2026.</ref>
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|}
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== Companies ==
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[[Companies House]] lists the following appointments for Michael Lewis.<ref name="ICB_CHozTlTEZDvzp">[[Companies House]], [https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/zTlTEZDvzplPGo7hFIg9iC6tpYc/appointments Michael LEWIS – appointments] (officer ID zTlTEZDvzplPGo7hFIg9iC6tpYc; 11 appointment(s); date of birth January 1959), accessed 21 October 2026.</ref>
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
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|+ Appointments at Companies House
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! Company !! Number !! Role !! Appointed !! Resigned !! Company status
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|-
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| [[Tfg Brands (London) Limited]] || 09379971 || Director || 8 January 2015 || 15 January 2015 || Active
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|-
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| [[Dress Holdco A Limited]] || 09379986 || Director || 8 January 2015 || 23 January 2018 || Active
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|-
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| [[Dress Holdco C Limited]] || 09380036 || Director || 8 January 2015 || 15 January 2015 || Active
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|-
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| [[Dress Holdco 4 Limited]] || 09365004 || Director || 22 December 2014 || 15 January 2015 || Active
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|-
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| [[Dress Holdco 3 Limited]] || 09364376 || Director || 22 December 2014 || – || Dissolved
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|-
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| [[Oceana Retail Limited]] || 06639848 || Director || 7 July 2008 || – || Dissolved
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|-
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| [[Britain Israel Communications & Research Centre]] || 04204458 || Director || 6 September 2006 || 3 December 2007 || Active
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|-
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| [[United Jewish Israel Appeal]] || 03295115 || Director || 13 September 2001 || 11 October 2007 || Active
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|-
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| [[Cheyne Capital Management Limited]] || 03883707 || Director || 28 July 2000 || 24 December 2012 || Active
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|-
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| [[Tammy (Girlswear) Limited]] || 00755570 || Director || 31 October 1995 || 29 April 1998 || Dissolved
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|-
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| [[Oic 07178 Limited]] || 00036515 || Director || before 1992 || – || Dissolved
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|}
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== Links to Israel and the IDF ==
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Michael Lewis is recorded as a trustee of [[United Jewish Israel Appeal]] (from 13 September 2001 to 11 October 2007).<ref name="ICB_CHco03295115" /> Support relevant to the [[Israel Defense Forces]] documented in the charity's records: unrestricted grants to [[Israeli Scouts Western Europe]], operator of Garin Tzabar Europe; promotion of gap years with an optional Marva course; bursaries for Bnei Akiva gap-year and mechina programmes.<ref name="ICB_F1060078">[[Charity Commission]], [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/charity-search/-/charity-details/1060078/accounts-and-annual-returns United Jewish Israel Appeal (1060078): accounts and annual returns] ''Register of Charities'', accessed 21 October 2026.</ref>
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Michael Lewis is recorded as a trustee of [[Stanley and Zea Lewis Family Foundation]] (from 23 December 1992).<ref name="ICB_CC1021805" /> Details of the charity's support relevant to the [[Israel Defense Forces]] are set out on the [[Stanley and Zea Lewis Family Foundation]] page.
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== Notes on identity matching ==
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The [[Companies House]] record is linked because the officer appears on the officer list of the charity's own company, under a matching name (born January 1959). Name as on the Charity Commission register: MICHAEL LEWIS. The Companies House officer record (born January 1959) holds the United Jewish Israel Appeal directorship (September 2001 to October 2007) and the Britain Israel Communications & Research Centre directorship (2006–07) described on this page, which gives his date of birth as 27 January 1959. The Charity Commission lists a Michael Lewis as a trustee of the [[Stanley and Zea Lewis Family Foundation]] since 23 December 1992; this page already records him as a trustee of that foundation. Both trusteeships are treated here as the same person.
  
 
==Notes==
 
==Notes==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
  
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[[Category:Israel Lobby|Lewis, Michael]]
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[[Category:Israel Lobby|Lewis, Michael]][[Category:BICOM|Lewis, Michael]][[Category:Institute for Strategic Dialogue|Lewis, Michael]]
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[[Category:Charity trustees|Lewis, Michael]]

Latest revision as of 07:57, 21 October 2026

Michael Lewis (born 27 January 1959) is a director of the South African retailer Foschini Ltd. He is also the founder of the Israeli biotech company ProChon Biotech Limited.[1]

The Lewis Family and Business Background

Michael Lewis is the son of the Stanley and Zea Lewis (née Theadora). His paternal grandfather, the Latvian-born Meyer Lewis, established a furniture company in Cape Town in 1934 which in 1946 was listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.[2] For several decades Michael Lewis’s late father, Stanley Lewis, controlled the South African clothing retailer Foschini and the Israeli travel company Paltours (which was originally a subsidiary of the Jewish Colonial Trust[3]).

Stanley Lewis moved from Cape Town to London in 1986[4] where he established the family’s investment vehicle Oceana Investment Corporation, probably best known in the UK for its attempted takeover of the Etam clothing chain in 1992.[5] Michael Lewis joined Oceana Investment Corporation in 1987 having worked as a fund manager in Edinburgh and London[6] and from that point jointly managed the family’s business interests with his father.

Today the Lewis family’s substantial wealth, which is held via trusts and offshore companies, is managed by Michael Lewis and his business associate David Sable, a fellow South African. Lewis and Sable run a London based investment advisory firm, Oceana Investment Partners, which manages the approximately £8 million of assets held by the family’s UK holdings company Oceana Investment Corporation as well as approximately £38 million worth of assets held by the Jersey incorporated Oceana Concentrated Opportunities Fund Ltd. The Jersey Fund has significant stakes in the African furniture company, the Lewis Group (founded by Lewis’s grandfather), the UK property companies Max Property Group plc and Berkeley Group Holdings plc, and the UK merchant bank United Trust Bank, where Michael Lewis serves as a director.[7] The Fund has also committed £5.9 million to Synova Capital, a private equity fund in which Poju Zabludowicz is the main investor.[8]

The Oceana Concentrated Opportunities Fund formerly invested approximately a third of its funds in the pro-Israel German media company Axel Springer, where Michael Lewis is still a member of the Supervisory Board.[9] The shares were purchased from Friede Springer, the widow of the company’s founder who is friends with Michael Lewis and with the German Chancellor Angela Merkel.[10]

The Lewis family has supported other pro-Israel organisations in the UK in addition to BICOM. The family’s charitable foundation, the Stanley & Zea Lewis Family Foundation, donated a total of £193,239 to the United Jewish Israel Appeal between April 2009 and March 2011[11] and in 2011 pledged £3 million to the University of Oxford to fund the appointment of a Professor of Israel Studies.[12] Michael Lewis, who is a trustee of the family foundation, was a director of the United Jewish Israel Appeal from September 2001 to October 2007.

Michael Lewis is also chairman of the London-based think tank, the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD), having joined as a trustee in 2005.[13] The ISD was founded by its President, the veteran Zionist Lord Weidenfeld. It grew out of the Club of Three, an elite policy forum bringing together powerful figures from business and politics in France, Germany and the UK. The Institute jointly organises an annual event called the European-Israeli Dialogue with Axel Springer, the Jerusalem Foundation and the Portland Trust. It also sponsors research on ‘extremism’ and radicalisation’.[14]

BICOM - donor and former vice chair

Michael Lewis served as a director of BICOM between September 2006 and December 2007. During his time he was reportedly the organisation's vice-chairman and is known to have donated a total of £25,000.[15] He has said that he has had no involvement in BICOM since 2007, but has confirmed he remains a donor.[16]

Liam Fox and Atlantic Bridge

In October 2005, Defence Secretary Liam Fox flew to the United States with five newly elected MPs - Mark Harper, John Penrose, Brooks Newmark, Adam Holloway and Philip Dunne. In the register of members interests, all the MPs said their flights and accomodation had been paid for using a donation from Michael Lewis.[17]

In a clarification in October 2011 The Guardian said it had incorrectly stated that Lewis had arranged a trip in 2009 to a security seminar in Israel for Liam Fox's friend Adam Werritty. "Mr Lewis... remains a donor to Bicom but has never had involvement in Mr Werritty's travel arrangements".[18]

Lewis has donated £13,832 to Fox's defunct Atlantic Bridge charity.[19]

Affiliations

Connections

External resources

Charity trusteeships

Charity trusteeships
Charity Role From To Source
United Jewish Israel Appeal (1060078) Director (trustee) 13 September 2001 11 October 2007 [26]
Stanley and Zea Lewis Family Foundation (1021805) Trustee 23 December 1992 – [27]

Companies

Companies House lists the following appointments for Michael Lewis.[28]

Appointments at Companies House
Company Number Role Appointed Resigned Company status
Tfg Brands (London) Limited 09379971 Director 8 January 2015 15 January 2015 Active
Dress Holdco A Limited 09379986 Director 8 January 2015 23 January 2018 Active
Dress Holdco C Limited 09380036 Director 8 January 2015 15 January 2015 Active
Dress Holdco 4 Limited 09365004 Director 22 December 2014 15 January 2015 Active
Dress Holdco 3 Limited 09364376 Director 22 December 2014 – Dissolved
Oceana Retail Limited 06639848 Director 7 July 2008 – Dissolved
Britain Israel Communications & Research Centre 04204458 Director 6 September 2006 3 December 2007 Active
United Jewish Israel Appeal 03295115 Director 13 September 2001 11 October 2007 Active
Cheyne Capital Management Limited 03883707 Director 28 July 2000 24 December 2012 Active
Tammy (Girlswear) Limited 00755570 Director 31 October 1995 29 April 1998 Dissolved
Oic 07178 Limited 00036515 Director before 1992 – Dissolved

Links to Israel and the IDF

Michael Lewis is recorded as a trustee of United Jewish Israel Appeal (from 13 September 2001 to 11 October 2007).[26] Support relevant to the Israel Defense Forces documented in the charity's records: unrestricted grants to Israeli Scouts Western Europe, operator of Garin Tzabar Europe; promotion of gap years with an optional Marva course; bursaries for Bnei Akiva gap-year and mechina programmes.[29]

Michael Lewis is recorded as a trustee of Stanley and Zea Lewis Family Foundation (from 23 December 1992).[27] Details of the charity's support relevant to the Israel Defense Forces are set out on the Stanley and Zea Lewis Family Foundation page.

Notes on identity matching

The Companies House record is linked because the officer appears on the officer list of the charity's own company, under a matching name (born January 1959). Name as on the Charity Commission register: MICHAEL LEWIS. The Companies House officer record (born January 1959) holds the United Jewish Israel Appeal directorship (September 2001 to October 2007) and the Britain Israel Communications & Research Centre directorship (2006–07) described on this page, which gives his date of birth as 27 January 1959. The Charity Commission lists a Michael Lewis as a trustee of the Stanley and Zea Lewis Family Foundation since 23 December 1992; this page already records him as a trustee of that foundation. Both trusteeships are treated here as the same person.

Notes

  1. ↑ ISD Board of Trustees, Institute for Strategic Dialogue, accessed 16 October 2011.
  2. ↑ Lewis Group, > Overview > History. Annual Report 2010 http://www.lewisgroup.co.za/investor/financials/ar/ar2010/overview/history.asp
  3. ↑ Haim Shapiro, ‘Tourist firm that goes with the Zionist flow’, Jerusalem Post, 18 April 1995, p.8.
  4. ↑ Obituary: Stanley Lewis, Jewish Chronicle, 18 December 2009, p.30.
  5. ↑ ‘South African Family Grabs A Secret Stake in Rejuvenated British Retailer’, Sunday Business, 18 March 2001.
  6. ↑ Trialpha Oceana Concentrated Opportunities Fund Report and Consolidated Financial Statements for the period 16 February 2007 to 31 March 2008, p.11.
  7. ↑ Oceana Concentrated Opportunities Fund Ltd Accounts made up to 31 March 2011, p.8.
  8. ↑ Oceana Concentrated Opportunities Fund Ltd Accounts made up to 31 March 2011, p.11.
  9. ↑ Axel Springer, Supervisory Board, http://www.axelspringer.de/en/artikel/Supervisory-Board_85415.html [Accessed 10 August 2012]
  10. ↑ ‘Axel Springer stake buyer is Liam Fox pal’, Evening Standard, 3 March 2006.
  11. ↑ Stanley & Zea Lewis Family Foundation Financial Statements Year Ended 31 March 2010; Stanley & Zea Lewis Family Foundation Financial Statements Year Ended 31 March 2011
  12. ↑ Lewis Group, > Overview > History. Annual Report 2010.
  13. ↑ The Trialogue Educational Trust Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2005.
  14. ↑ Institute for Strategic Dialogue ‘Counter-Extremism’, http://www.strategicdialogue.org/programmes/counter-extremism/
  15. ↑ BICOM Accounts made up to 31 December 2007, p.4.
  16. ↑ See note accompanying Rupert Neate, ‘Liam Fox took five MPs to Washington with donor’s money’, The Guardian, 13 October 2011.
  17. ↑ Rupert Neate, Liam Fox took five MPs to Washington with donor's money, guardian.co.uk, 13 October 2011.
  18. ↑ Liam Doward, Liam Fox's Atlantic Bridge linked top Tories and Tea Party activists, guardian.co.uk, 15 October 2011, amended 19 October 2011
  19. ↑ Rupert Neate, Liam Fox took five MPs to Washington with donor's money, guardian.co.uk, 13 October 2011
  20. ↑ Liam Doward, Liam Fox's Atlantic Bridge linked top Tories and Tea Party activists, guardian.co.uk, 15 October 2011.
  21. ↑ ISD Board of Trustees, Institute for Strategic Dialogue, accessed 16 October 2011.
  22. ↑ ISD Board of Trustees, Institute for Strategic Dialogue, accessed 16 October 2011.
  23. ↑ ISD Board of Trustees, Institute for Strategic Dialogue, accessed 16 October 2011.
  24. ↑ Liam Doward, Liam Fox's Atlantic Bridge linked top Tories and Tea Party activists, guardian.co.uk, 15 October 2011.
  25. ↑ Liam Doward, Liam Fox's Atlantic Bridge linked top Tories and Tea Party activists, guardian.co.uk, 15 October 2011.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Companies House, United Jewish Israel Appeal (03295115) – officers, accessed 21 October 2026.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Charity Commission, Stanley and Zea Lewis Family Foundation (1021805) – trustees, Register of Charities, accessed 21 October 2026.
  28. ↑ Companies House, Michael LEWIS – appointments (officer ID zTlTEZDvzplPGo7hFIg9iC6tpYc; 11 appointment(s); date of birth January 1959), accessed 21 October 2026.
  29. ↑ Charity Commission, United Jewish Israel Appeal (1060078): accounts and annual returns Register of Charities, accessed 21 October 2026.