Difference between revisions of "BP"

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See also:
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*[[BP: Who, Where, How Much?]]
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*[[BP:Influence/Lobbying]]
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*[[BP:Corporate Crimes]]
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*[[BP: Lobbying and PR agencies]]
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*[[BP: Affiliations and lobby groups]]
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*[[BP: Scottish Advisory Board]]
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*[[BP: Extract from 'Written in Flames']]
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*[[BP and COP 15]]
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==People==
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* [[Robert Dudley]] has been BP’s group chief executive since October 2010
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* [[Phil Bentley]] who previously served 15 years with BP in various international oil and gas exploration roles is now Managing Director, British Gas with [[Centrica]]. He also serves as Non-Executive Director and the Chairman of the Audit Committee of [[Kingfisher]] plc. He was formerly Finance Director of UDV [[Guinness]] and Group Treasurer and Director of Risk Management with [[Diageo]]<ref>Centrica [http://www.centrica.co.uk/index.asp?pageid=49 Management] Accessed 26th August 2008</ref>
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==Revolving door==
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*[[David Simon]], a minister for trade and competitiveness in Europe for the Labour government from 1997 to 1999 and an Advisor to the Cabinet Office from 1999 to 2003, was a Managing Director of BP from 1985, CEO from 1992 to 1995 and Chairman from 1995 to 1997. <ref>‘[http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U34897 SIMON OF HIGHBURY]’, ''Who's Who 2011'', A & C Black, 2011; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2010 ; online edn, Oct 2010 [Accessed 14 Feb 2011]</ref>
  
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==Overview==
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*[[Anji Hunter]], who was an aide to Blair from 1986 left her post as Director of Government Relations in 2002 to join BP as Director of Communications, a post she held until 2007. <ref>‘[http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U42364 HUNTER, Angela Margaret Jane, (Anji)]’, ''Who's Who 2011'', A & C Black, 2011; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2010 ; online edn, Oct 2010 [Accessed 14 Feb 2011]</ref>
  
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===Market share/importance===
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*[[John Browne]]
 +
 
 +
==Market share/importance==
 
The oil sector accounts for about 13.3 per cent of FTSE 100 {{ref|1}} in the UK BP is one of the largest players in this sector. As such, BP is one of the barometer companies of the British economy. BP's successes and failures are likely to be mirrored in the UK economy as a whole.
 
The oil sector accounts for about 13.3 per cent of FTSE 100 {{ref|1}} in the UK BP is one of the largest players in this sector. As such, BP is one of the barometer companies of the British economy. BP's successes and failures are likely to be mirrored in the UK economy as a whole.
  
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BP is also one of the world's largest marketers of aviation fuel and a major supplier of fuels and lubricants to the shipping industry. BP supplies more than 900 ports and 1,400 airports worldwide {{ref|26}}.
 
BP is also one of the world's largest marketers of aviation fuel and a major supplier of fuels and lubricants to the shipping industry. BP supplies more than 900 ports and 1,400 airports worldwide {{ref|26}}.
  
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==History==
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===History===
 
 
Before January 1999 the company was registered as the British Petroleum Company PLC. In January 1999 following a merger the company took on the Amoco name {{ref|27}}. They retained the name BP Amoco, until April 2000 {{ref|28}} The transition to the BP PLC name was managed by BPs advertising agency: [[Ogilvy & Mather]] and PR Consultants: [[Ogilvy PR]]. The change of name culminated in BPs new logo and re-branding, in the first quarter of 2001 {{ref|29}}.
 
Before January 1999 the company was registered as the British Petroleum Company PLC. In January 1999 following a merger the company took on the Amoco name {{ref|27}}. They retained the name BP Amoco, until April 2000 {{ref|28}} The transition to the BP PLC name was managed by BPs advertising agency: [[Ogilvy & Mather]] and PR Consultants: [[Ogilvy PR]]. The change of name culminated in BPs new logo and re-branding, in the first quarter of 2001 {{ref|29}}.
  
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Also in recent years BP has combined its operations with Burmah-Castrol, well known for its Castrol branded lubricants {{ref|45}} and ARCO, whose petrol is on sale across a large part of the United States {{ref|46}}.
 
Also in recent years BP has combined its operations with Burmah-Castrol, well known for its Castrol branded lubricants {{ref|45}} and ARCO, whose petrol is on sale across a large part of the United States {{ref|46}}.
  
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===Products & Projects===
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==Products & Projects==
 
BP's downstream products are petroleum products including petrol, diesel, maritime fuels and aviation fuel as well as lubricants for private, business and industrial users, bottled gas for domestic consumers and gas for industrial consumers. BP also supplies petrol and diesel to Safeway supermarkets in the UK {{ref|47}}.
 
BP's downstream products are petroleum products including petrol, diesel, maritime fuels and aviation fuel as well as lubricants for private, business and industrial users, bottled gas for domestic consumers and gas for industrial consumers. BP also supplies petrol and diesel to Safeway supermarkets in the UK {{ref|47}}.
  
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BP's brands include BP, BP-Solar, Visco lubricants, Castrol Lubricants and in the US AMOCO and ARCO gasoline.
 
BP's brands include BP, BP-Solar, Visco lubricants, Castrol Lubricants and in the US AMOCO and ARCO gasoline.
  
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==Who, Where, How Much?==
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==Meetings with ministers==
 +
According to the ''Guardian'', between 2010 and 2014 BP had at least 79 meetings with ministers and its rival [[Shell]] had at least 112. The newspaper found that during this period there were at least 230 meetings with fossil fuel companies BP, [[Shell]], [[ExxonMobil]], [[Total]], [[ConocoPhillips]], [[Chevron]] and trade organisation [[Oil & Gas UK]]. This figure is a significantly higher number than meetings with renewable energy companies and their campaign groups - with [[Greenpeace]] and [[Friends of the Earth]] having just 67 meetings between them.<ref> Rob Evans, Helena Bengtsson, Damian Carrington and Emma Howard [http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/apr/28/fossil-fuel-lobby-given-far-more-access-to-uk-ministers-than-renewables-analysis?CMP=share_btn_tw Shell and BP alone eclipse renewable energy sector on access to ministers] ''Guardian'', 28 April 2015, accessed 29 April 2015.</ref>
  
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===Structure/Ownership===
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==EU Lobbying==
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BP were among the top spending British based companies on EU lobbying in Brussels in 2014, spending between €1,250,000 and €1,500,000.<ref> [http://lobbyfacts.eu/news/29-01-2015/finance-industry-uks-biggest-lobbyist-brussels Finance industry is UK's biggest lobbyist in Brussels] ''Lobby Facts'', 26 January 2015, accessed 3 February 2015 </ref> They also have 4 lobbyists with European Parliament passes, allowing the bearer virtually unlimited access to the Parliament's buildings.<ref> [http://lobbyfacts.eu/reports/staffing/companies?page=2 Companies declaring the most lobbyists] ''Lobby Facts'', 26 January 2015, accessed 3 February 2015 </ref>
  
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BP Group is the top level of the company hierarchy. For organisational purposes Group is divided into 4 divisions: Exploration & production, Oil, Chemicals and Gas & Power (see divisional chief executives above). Figures for production volumes and financial performance are reported separately for each division in BPs quarterly Financial and Operating Information. Most senior figures within BP Group including John Browne himself have made their way up through exploration and production, and despite BPs re-branding as an environmentally aware energy company it is this division which continues to drive the direction of the group.
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==Affiliations==
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BP was a donor to the [[Science Media Centre]] from 2002 to 2013 according to the SMC.Data from Internet Archive holdings of the Science Media Centre website, 2002-2013.{{ref|49}}
  
 +
==Links==
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*BP Website - http://www.bp.com
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*BP-Solar Website - http://www.bpsolar.com
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*BP Gas and Power - http://www.bpenergy.com
  
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Top Institutional Holders of BP{{ref|110}} Shares Value
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*BP Subvert Site - http://www.bpamoco.org.uk
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*Tibet Campaign - http://www.tibet.com
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[[State Street Corporation]] 74,838,292 $3,708,237,369
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*New Internationalist 'Mired In Crude' special issue, June 2001 - http://www.newint.org
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FMR Corporation(Fidelity Management & Research Corp) 45,746,425 $2,266,735,359
 
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[[AXA Financial, Inc.]] 44,415,420 $2,200,784,061
 
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UBS Warburg LLC 16,933,090 $839,034,610
 
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Morgan Stanley Dean Witter & Company 16,617,457 $823,394,994
 
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Barrow, Hanley Mewhinney & Strauss, Inc. 15,631,424 $774,537,059
 
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Bank of America Corporation 15,402,166 $763,177,325
 
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[[Citigroup Inc.]] 13,230,389 $655,565,775
 
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First Union Corporation 12,831,490 $635,800,330
 
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State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co 12,228,148 $605,904,733
 
  
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Top Mutual Fund Holders of BP{{ref|111}} Shares Value
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==Notes==
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#{{note|1}} http://www.business-line.com/business-weekly/archives/233/investor.html
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Fidelity Contrafund Inc 11,639,166 $576,720,675
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#{{note|2}} BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
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Vanguard/Windsor II 11,098,572 $549,934,243
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#{{note|3}} BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
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Alliance Premier Growth Fund 8,291,672 $410,852,348
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#{{note|4}} BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
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Fidelity Growth And Income Portfolio 7,362,220 $364,798,001
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#{{note|5}} BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
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Fidelity Equity-Income Fund 7,162,404 $354,897,118
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#{{note|6}} BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
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Massachusetts Investors Trust 6,858,598 $339,843,531
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#{{note|7}} BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
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Fidelity Magellan Fund Inc 6,368,842 $315,576,121
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#{{note|8}} BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
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Variable Insurance Products...
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#{{note|9}} http://www.bpsolar.com/1st-History.html
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Fd-Equity-Income Portfolio 5,970,742 $295,850,266
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#{{note|10}} Results, 4th quarter and full year 2000, Royal Dutch/Shell group of companies http://www.shell.com/investordata/downloads/134/q42000pdf3.pdf /(page 4)
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Putnam Fund For Growth And Income 5,825,526 $288,654,813
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#{{note|11}} Results, 4th quarter and full year 2000, Royal Dutch/Shell group of companies http://www.shell.com/investordata/downloads/134/q42000pdf3.pdf /(page 5)
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Price (T.Rowe) Equity Income Fund 5,071,026 $251,269,338
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#{{note|12}} [http://www.shell.com/investordata/downloads/134/q42000pdf3.pdf  Results, 4th quarter and full year 2000, Royal Dutch/Shell group of companies] / (page 6)
−
 
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#{{note|13}} ExxonMobil, summary annual report, 2000 (page 8)
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#{{note|14}} ExxonMobil, summary annual report, 2000 (page 8)
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===BP's Board of Directors===
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#{{note|15}} ExxonMobil, summary annual report, 2000 (page 16)
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#{{note|16}} ExxonMobil, summary annual report, 2000 (page 16)
 +
#{{note|17}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/energy.asp
 +
#{{note|18}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/energy.asp
 +
#{{note|19}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 +
#{{note|20}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 +
#{{note|21}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 +
#{{note|22}} Institute of petroleum, retail marketing survey, supplement to 'petroleum review', march 2000, pp2,12
 +
#{{note|23}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 +
#{{note|24}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 +
#{{note|25}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 +
#{{note|26}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 +
#{{note|27}} http://www.secinfo.com/
 +
#{{note|28}} P.R. WEEK, US EDITION, 17/04/2000, P23
 +
#{{note|29}} CHARLEX CREATES BP SPOT - http://www.charlex.com/news/BP/BP.press.html
 +
#{{note|30}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/a_new_co.asp
 +
#{{note|31}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/persia.asp
 +
#{{note|32}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/a_new_co.asp
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#{{note|33}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/beyond.asp
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#{{note|34}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/beyond.asp
 +
#{{note|35}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/shock_success.asp
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#{{note|36}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/persia.asp
 +
#{{note|37}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/spirit_cont.asp
 +
#{{note|38}} BBC News, Company File, From Anglo-Persian Oil to BP - http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/business/the_company_file/newsid_149000/149259.stm
 +
#{{note|39}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/spirit_cont.asp
 +
#{{note|40}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/spirit_cont.asp
 +
#{{note|41}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/amoco/torch_oval.asp
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#{{note|42}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/amoco/drive_i_i.asp
 +
#{{note|43}} http://www.bpsolar.com/1st-History.html
 +
#{{note|44}} http://bpsolar.com
 +
#{{note|45}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/b_castrol/burmah_n_s.asp
 +
#{{note|46}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/arco/timeline.asp
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#{{note|47}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 +
#{{note|48}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 +
#{{note|49}}Data from Internet Archive holdings of the Science Media Centre website, 2002-2013.
 +
::*Sep 2002 http://web.archive.org/web/20021224034413/http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/aboutus/fundingsystem.html
 +
::*Apr 2003 http://web.archive.org/web/20030625193943/http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/aboutus/fundingsystem.html
 +
::*Nov 2003 http://web.archive.org/web/20040214043237/http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/funding.htm
 +
::*Oct 2004 http://web.archive.org/web/20041205182639/http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/funding.htm ; and http://web.archive.org/web/20051029205959/http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/funding.htm
 +
::*Nov 2005 http://web.archive.org/web/20051227000834/http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/funding.htm
 +
::*Apr 2006 http://web.archive.org/web/20060910221525/http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/funding.htm
 +
::*Feb 2007 http://web.archive.org/web/20070829210611/http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/funding.htm
 +
::*Jul 2008 http://web.archive.org/web/20081202143334/http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/pages/about/funding.htm
 +
::*May 2009 http://web.archive.org/web/20090830202526/http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/pages/about/funding.htm
 +
::*May 2010 http://web.archive.org/web/20100822091312/http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/pages/about/funding.htm
 +
::*Jun 2011 http://web.archive.org/web/20110807075127/http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/pages/about/funding.htm
 +
::*Aug 2012 http://web.archive.org/web/20120922235445/http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/pages/about/funding.htm
 +
::*Aug 2013 Science Media Centre, 'Funding' August 2013 screengrab of http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/about-us/funding/, taken 16 August 2013.
  
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*[[Peter Sutherland]] Co-Chairman of the Board Age: 53
 
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*[[John G. Buchanan]] Chief Financial Officer, Age: 56
 
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John Buchanan, chief financial officer, was appointed an executive director of BP in 1996. He is a non-executive director of Boots, the UK cosmetics and pharmaceuticals retailer and a member of the UK Accounting Standards Board {{ref|54}}.
 
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Block, Ruth S.
 
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Director
 
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Age: 69
 
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One of only 2 women at the top of the company Ruth Block joined Amoco's board in 1986 {{ref|55}}. She retired as executive vice president and chief insurance officer of The Equitable (The UK insurer) in 1987 {{ref|56}}. She is a non-executive director of Ecolab {{ref|57}} who serve clients within the fields of Agribusiness, Building Servives, Dairy Processing, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, Pest Elimination and vehicle services {{ref|58}}. She is also a director of Alliance Capital Mutual Funds (http://www.alliancecapital.com)
 
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Bryan, John H.,
 
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Position: Director
 
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Age: 63
 
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John Bryan joined Amoco's board in 1982, he is also chairman and chief executive officer of Sara Lee Corporation {{ref|59}} who manufacture and market foods, underwear and household products worldwide {{ref|60}}. He is also a non-executive director of Bank One Corporation (http://www.bankone.com), General Motors Corporation and Goldman Sachs {{ref|61}}.
 
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Davis, Jr. Erroll B.
 
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Director
 
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Age: 55
 
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Erroll B. Davis, Jr. joined Amoco's board in 1991. He is president and chief executive officer of Alliant Energy {{ref|62}}, which is an energy provider to consumers in the American mid-west {{ref|63}}. He is a non-executive director of PPG Industries {{ref|64}} which provides materials for manufacturing, construction, automotive industry and chemical processing {{ref|65}}. In addition he is a member of the American Society of Corporate Executives and the Association of Edison Illuminating Companies {{ref|66}}, the association for US and international (shareholder-owned) electric companies {{ref|67}}. He is also a member of the Wisconsin Association of Manufacturers and Commerce, the Iowa Business Council and the Edison Electric Institute: {{ref|68}} 'The association of US shareholder-owned electric utilities and international affiliates' {{ref|69}}. He is a member of the Nuclear Energy Institute, {{ref|70}} whose purpose is to foster and encourage the continued safe utilization and development of nuclear energy in the US {{ref|71}}. He is also a trustee of Carnegie Mellon University {{ref|72}}.
 
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Ferris, Richard J.
 
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Director
 
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Age: 63
 
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Richard Ferris joined Amoco's board in 1981. He retired as co-chairman of Doubletree Corporation {{ref|73}} which manages resorts and business hotels {{ref|74}}, in 1997. He is a non-executive director of The Proctor & Gamble Company {{ref|75}} (Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics).
 
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Knight, Charles F.
 
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Director
 
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Age: 64
 
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Charles Knight joined BP's board in 1987. He is chairman and chief executive officer of Emerson Electric {{ref|76}} who supply hi-tech engineering equipment to companies including BP {{ref|77}} and is a non-executive director of Anheuser-Busch {{ref|78}} whose operations are focused on beer, adventure park entertainment and packaging {{ref|79}} and of Morgan Stanley Dean Witter {{ref|80}}, Financial services (http://www.morganstanley.com), IBM and SBC Communications {{ref|81}}, the US telecomunications Company {{ref|82}}.
 
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Maljers, Floris A.
 
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Director
 
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Age: 66
 
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Floris Maljers joined Amoco's board in 1994. He is a member of the supervisory boards of SHV Holding {{ref|83}} whose business encompasses LPG, Food, Recycling and Venture Capital; {{ref|84}} Vendex N.V. {{ref|85}} who market consumer goods in the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany, and the US; {{ref|86}} and KLM Royal Dutch Airlines {{ref|87}}. He is chairman of the supervisory board of the Amsterdam Concertgebouw and Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University {{ref|88}}.
 
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Massey, Walter E.
 
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Position: Director
 
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Age: 61
 
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Walter Massey first joined Amoco's board from 1983 to 1991, he rejoined in 1993. He is president of Morehouse College and is a non-executive director of Motorola (electronics company), Bank of America, McDonald's Corporation (fast food), the Mellon Foundation and the Commonwealth Fund {{ref|89}}, a private foundation which funds research on health {{ref|90}}.
 
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Miles, H. Michael P.
 
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Director
 
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Age: 63
 
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Michael Miles joined BP's board in 1994. He is chairman of Johnson Matthey and a non-executive director of ING Baring Holdings and BICC {{ref|91}}, both finance companies.
 
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Nicholson, Robin
 
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Director
 
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Age: 65
 
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Sir Robin joined BP's board in 1987, his past positions include chairmanship of Pilkington Optronics from which he retired in November 1998 {{ref|92}}. Pilkington is the leading UK supplier of Electro-optic equipment {{ref|93}}. He is a non-executive director of Rolls-Royce {{ref|94}} the UK based automobile, aerospace and arms company, and a member of the UK Government's Council for Science and Technology {{ref|95}}.
 
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Prosser, Ian
 
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Deputy Chairman of the Board
 
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Age: 56
 
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Sir Ian joined BP's board in 1997 and was appointed deputy chairman in February 1999. He is chairman and chief executive of Bass (UK Brewers), a non-executive director of Glaxo-SmithKline (Pharmaceuticals) and vice president of the council of the Brewers and Licensed Retailers Association (UK) {{ref|96}}.
 
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Wilson, Michael H.
 
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Director
 
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Age: 62
 
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Wilson joined the board of Amoco in 1993, His other interests include his position as vice chairman and a director of RBC Dominion Securities and as a non-executive director of Manufacturers Life Insurance Company and of Rio Algom {{ref|97}}.
 
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Wilson, Robert
 
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Director
 
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Age: 56
 
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Sir Robert joined BP's board in July 1998. He is chairman of Rio Tinto, the notorious mining corporation and a non-executive director of [[Diageo]] {{ref|98}} (Food and drink corporation {{ref|99}}).
 
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Wright, Lord
 
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Director
 
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Age: 68
 
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Wright joined BP's board in 1991, having previously been Permanent Under-Secretary and Head of the UK Diplomatic Service. He is a non-executive director of De La Rue {{ref|100}} the global 'cash transactions' business {{ref|101}}.
 
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Hanratty, Judith C.
 
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Secretary
 
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Age: 56
 
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Judith Hanratty joined BP in London in 1986 and was appointed company secretary in October 1994. She is a nominated member of the Council of Lloyds (the London Insurance Market), a member of the Competition Commission (formerly the UK Monopolies and Mergers Commission), and a member of the Listing Authorities Committee of The London Stock Exchange and the Takeover Panel (UK). She is also a governor of the College of Law and a Fellow of Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge {{ref|102}}.
 
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Browne, John
 
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Group Chief Executive, Director
 
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Age: 52
 
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Often the public face of BP, Lord Browne was appointed an executive director in 1991 and group chief executive in 1995. He is a non-executive director of Goldman Sachs Group and of Intel Corporation (computer components); a trustee of the British Museum and a member of the supervisory board of Daimler Chrysler (automobile manufacturers). He is also vice president and a member of the board of the Prince of Wales' Business Leaders Forum {{ref|103}}. He is said to be a cool-headed man who lives and breathes BP. He's one of the key characters credited with turning BP around since 1992.
 
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Chase, Rodney F.
 
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Deputy Group Chief Executive, Director
 
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Age: 56
 
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Rodney Chase was appointed an executive director of BP in 1992. When not at the helm of BP, he is a non-executive director of Diageo (Food and drink corporation) and the BOC Group {{ref|104}} (chemicals).
 
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Ford, Doug,
 
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Chief Executive, Refining and Marketing
 
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Age: 56
 
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Doug Ford held a position as an executive vice president of Amoco from 1993 until January 2000 when he was appointed an executive director of BP Amoco. He is a non-executive director of USG Corporation {{ref|105}} a US Fortune 500 corporation and manufacturer of building materials for the US construction industry {{ref|106}}.
 
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Gibson-Smith, Chris S.
 
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Executive Director, Policies and Technology
 
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Age: 54
 
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Chris Gibson-Smith, was appointed an executive director of BP in 1997. He is a non-executive director of Lloyds-TSB {{ref|107}}, the UK Bank.
 
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Olver, Richard L.
 
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Chief Executive, Exploration and Production
 
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Age: 53
 
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Dick Olver, was appointed an executive director of BP in January 1998, he is also a non-executive director of Reuters Group {{ref|108}} (News Agency).
 
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Sanderson, Bryan
 
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Chief Executive, Chemicals
 
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Age: 59
 
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Bryan Sanderson, was appointed an executive director of BP in 1992. He is chairman of Sunderland PLC, the British Football Club and a non-executive director of Corus, the UK Metals group, (http://http://www.corusgroup.com). He is president of CEFIC: the European Chemical Industry Council and vice president of the court of governors of the London School of Economics {{ref|109}}.
 
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===Subsidiaries===
 
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BP PLC, registered in England at Britannic House, 1 Finsbury Circus, London, is the overall BP holding company.
 
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First order subsidiaries of BP PLC include many national and regional divisions of BP such as: BP (Indian agencies) Ltd, BP Africa Ltd and BP China Ltd (all registered in England) The most notable first order subsidiary remains BP International Ltd (registered in England). Below the BP international umbrella lie many further subsidiaries such as BP America holdings Ltd (registered in England), BP America Inc (registered in USA) and BP Chemicals (International) Ltd (registered in England). Exploration and production (Ex-Pro.) is mostly divided into national subsidiaries under the BP Exploration Operating Co. Ltd, Ex-Pro. Subsidiaries include, for example: BP Exploration (Angola) Ltd and BP Exploration (Caspian Sea) Ltd.
 
−
 
−
Most BP subsidiaries can be recognised by the BP or Amoco name although others include The Standard Oil Co. Inc and more obscure examples such as Grangemouth Polypropylene Ltd. Wholly owned UK subsidiaries are suffixed by the letters Ltd (Limited Liability Company) and most US subsidiaries by the letters Inc. (Incorporated). A full list of subsidiaries can be found in Who owns Whom (vol.1 - UK & Ireland) available in the UK at most major libraries.
 
−
 
−
[[BP:Influence/Lobbying]]
 
−
 
−
Like most of its fellow oil companies and a number of industry associations, BP was formerly a member of the Global Climate Coalition (GCC): The coalition has heavily lobbied governments and has mounted persuasive advertising campaigns in the US to turn public opinion against concrete action on greenhouse gas emissions. The so called 'carbon club' lead the way in undermining public support for action to curb climate change.
 
−
 
−
BP, attempting to brand itself as progressive was one of the first to withdraw from GCC. John Browne, Chairman of BP, announced in a speech at Stanford University on May 19, 1997, that:
 
−
 
−
"The time to consider the policy dimensions of climate change is not when the link between greenhouse gases and climate change is conclusively proven, but when the possibility cannot be discounted and is taken seriously by the society of which we are part. We in BP have reached that point." {{ref|112}}
 
−
 
−
In 1998 Shell followed BP and left the coalition and by early 2000 Texaco and others were joining the movement away from the GCC. While the GCC was an overt lobby against action on climate change, since it was sidelined other lobby groups have come to the fore which are more subtle in their tactics.
 
−
 
−
BP takes a high profile position within the [[World Business Council for Sustainable Development]] (WBCSD) {{ref|113}}. Speeches by John Browne can be found on the WBCSD website {{ref|114}}. Members of BP wear their WBCSD hat, for example at the UN's COP climate summits.
 
−
 
−
For details of WBCSD's position on climate change: (http://www.wbcsd.org/projects/pr_climenergy.htm)
 
−
 
−
BP also belongs to the [[US Council for International Business]] (USCIB) {{ref|115}} The USCIB to which BP America and over 300 other corporations belong is involved in lobbying the US government. The council was founded in 1945 "to promote an open system of world trade, investment and finance" {{ref|116}}. Other prominent members of the council include: the [[American Petroleum Institute]], Coca-Cola, Chevron (oil Co.), Dupont (see profile), General Electric, General Motors, Ford, McDonalds, Mobil, Monsanto, Nestle USA, Philip Morris (tobacco), Shell (oil), Texaco (oil) and Unilever. The USCIB is the US affiliate of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and the International Organization of Employers (IOE). Most significantly USCIB chairs the expert-group of the [[Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development]] (OECD){{ref|117}}.
 
−
 
−
BP also holds positions within the [[Centre for European Policy Studies]] {{ref|118}} (CEPS) {{ref|http://www.ceps.be}} Charles Nicholson, Group Senior Adviser of BP, chaired a special meeting on climate change, hosted by CEPS, on the eve of COP6 bis: the resumed international negotiations on the future of the Kyoto Protocol (Bonn, July 16-27, 2000). The meeting launched a new CEPS working party on "Emissions trading and the new EU climate-change policy" which will be chaired by Charles Nicholson {{ref|119}}.
 
−
 
−
BP's chief executive officer (CEO) is entitled to sit at the [[Business Roundtable]] {{ref|120}}, an association who examine public issues that affect the economy {{ref|121}}. The association, which represents over 200 companies, ran a series of newspaper advertisements timed to precede an address by President Clinton to its annual meeting in June 1997. The adverts called for a climate policy "balanced" between economy and environment {{ref|122}}. The roundtable's position is explained in Rush to Judgment: A Primer on Global Climate Change, available on the group's website. {{ref| http://www.globalchange.org/gccd/gcc-digest/1997/d97sep17.htm}}
 
−
 
−
Global Compact - http://www.unglobalcompact.org A member of the BP board was among the senior officers of 50 major companies present at the formal launch of the [[UN Global Compact]] on July 26, 2000. The compact was first mooted by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan in a speech to the Davos [[World Economic Forum]] in January 1999. The compact between the UN and business aims to uphold values in human rights, labour standards and environmental practice. The Compact is open for adherence by any company, large or small, no formalities are involved but companies are asked to demonstrate their adherence by taking corporate action to support the values of the Compact {{ref|123}}.
 
−
 
−
The [[European Roundtable of Industrialists]] (ERT), which includes BP is a club of 48 captains of industry drawn from the largest European multinationals. With privileged access to EU and national decision-makers the roundtable has been at the forefront in promoting industry self-regulation over government-enforceable mechanisms. ERT Environment Working Group released a report on climate change in mid-October, prior to COP6 in the Hague: Climate Change: How Government and Industry can Work Together {{ref|124}}.
 
−
 
−
BP also belongs to the [[International Chamber of Commerce]] (ICC) {{ref|125}}: "The only representative body that speaks with authority on behalf of enterprises from all sectors in every part of the world." {{ref|126}} {{ref|http://www.iccwbo.org}}
 
−
 
−
ICC promotes free trade and the market economy with the conviction that "trade is a powerful force for peace and prosperity" {{ref|127}}. ICC aims to be a forum where business can agree voluntary rules to govern world trade in the hope that this image of responsible industry self-regulation will persuade governments not to interfere. It proved so successful in this that within a year of the creation of the United Nations, ICC was granted consultative status at the UN {{ref|128}}.
 
−
 
−
The [[Corporate Council on Africa]] (CCA) to which BP belongs {{ref|129}} was established in 1992 for governments and business, to strengthen commercial relationships between the US and the African continent. CCA members believe that Africa's future success depends upon the ability of its entrepreneurs and business people to create and retain wealth through private enterprise {{ref|130}}.
 
−
 
−
 
−
===Influencing research and education===
 
−
BP has a working relationship with the following universities. These are key institutions, providing graduates to the oil industry, many courses, particularly in the field of geology receive funding from one or more oil companies: Imperial College, Aberdeen University, Cambridge University, Heriot-Watt University, Oxford University, Warwick University, Kingston University, Lincolnshire and Humberside University. BP recruits heavily from these universities. For more details of the oil industries involvement in higher education see Corporate Watch's briefing 'Degrees of Capture' or contact People & Planet about their 'Slick Protest' campaign {{ref|http://www.peopleandplanet.org/climatechange}}
 
−
 
−
===Links with government===
 
−
The strength of BP's links to Britain's New-Labour government became apparent within weeks of their election in 1997 when they appointed former chair of BP David Simon (Lord Simon of Highbury) to a position in the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) as Minister for Competitiveness in Europe.
 
−
 
−
BP is represented on a number of government QUANGOs: the Learning & Skills Council, Competition Commission, DTI Advisory Panel on Photovoltaics, Council for Science & Technology, Commonwealth Development Corporation, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Advice Committee on Business and Environment, Industrial Development Advice Board, Public Services Productivity Committee, Scottish National Heritage, UK Round Table on Sustainable Development, SW Essex Business & Education Partnership, and the Oil and Pipelines Agency.
 
−
 
−
===PR Companies===
 
−
BP's advertising agency is Ogilvy & Mather and their PR consultants Ogilvy PR. In the past BP has also used other companies and a number of the trade associations to which it belongs as environmental or community relations consultants.
 
−
 
−
 
−
===Greenwash===
 
−
A key plank of BP's marketing strategy has been to portray itself as a green company. BP has promoted new 'cleaner' fuels and publicised its targets for reducing CO2 emissions from its own operations (eg. by reducing gas flaring), not mentioning its ambitious targets for increased production of fossil fuels. In his introduction to BP's annual report 2000 John Browne prescribes that for the immediate future hydrocarbons will continue to meet the majority of our energy needs.
 
−
 
−
BP has further greened its image by being seen to talk with [[Oxfam]] and [[Friends of the Earth]], and BP also sponsors cultural institutions including parts of the [[British Museum]], [[Tate Gallery]], [[Edinburgh Festival Fringe]], [[Museum of Mankind]] and the [[National Portrait Gallery]].
 
−
 
−
Perhaps ironically considering BP's role in climate change, BP employees were involved in raising money for the Mozambique flood appeal {{ref|131}}.
 
−
 
−
The marketing spin pushed by BP Solar is that "BP Solar is a recognized leader in protecting the environment and believes solar power is a key element to reduce the threat of global climate change and improve air quality." {{ref|132}} No mention of BP group's core business here. In the UK, BP has used TV commercials about rural solar-electrification in the developing world. BP Solar has won multi-million dollar contracts for rural electrification in Indonesia and the Philippines and supplied photovoltaics to the 'green games' in Sydney, Australia {{ref|133}}.
 
−
 
−
[[BP:Corporate Crimes]]
 
−
 
−
==Resources==
 
−
 
−
*[[BP: Lobbying and PR agencies]]
 
−
*[[BP: Affiliations and lobby groups]]
 
−
 
−
==Links==
 
−
BP Website - http://www.bp.com
 
−
BP-Solar Website - http://www.bpsolar.com
 
−
BP Gas and Power - http://www.bpenergy.com
 
−
 
−
BP Subvert Site - http://www.bpamoco.org.uk
 
−
Tibet Campaign - http://www.tibet.com
 
−
New Internationalist 'Mired In Crude' special issue, June 2001 - http://www.newint.org
 
 
==Notes==
 
==Notes==
−
*{{note|1}} http://www.business-line.com/business-weekly/archives/233/investor.html
+
<references/>
−
*{{note|2}} BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
+
[[Category: Oil Industry]][[Category: Transnational Corporations]][[Category:EU Lobbying]][[Category: Science Media Centre]]
−
*{{note|3}} BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
 
−
*{{note|4}} BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
 
−
*{{note|5}} BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
 
−
*{{note|6}} BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
 
−
*{{note|7}} BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
 
−
*{{note|8}} BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
 
−
*{{note|9}} http://www.bpsolar.com/1st-History.html
 
−
*{{note|10}} Results, 4th quarter and full year 2000, Royal Dutch/Shell group of companies
 
−
http://www.shell.com/investordata/downloads/134/q42000pdf3.pdf /(page 4)
 
−
*{{note|11}} Results, 4th quarter and full year 2000, Royal Dutch/Shell group of companies
 
−
http://www.shell.com/investordata/downloads/134/q42000pdf3.pdf /(page 5)
 
−
*{{note|12}} Results, 4th quarter and full year 2000, Royal Dutch/Shell group of companies
 
−
http://www.shell.com/investordata/downloads/134/q42000pdf3.pdf / (page 6)
 
−
*{{note|13}} ExxonMobil, summary annual report, 2000 (page 8)
 
−
*{{note|14}} ExxonMobil, summary annual report, 2000 (page 8)
 
−
*{{note|15}} ExxonMobil, summary annual report, 2000 (page 16)
 
−
*{{note|16}} ExxonMobil, summary annual report, 2000 (page 16)
 
−
*{{note|17}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/energy.asp
 
−
*{{note|18}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/energy.asp
 
−
*{{note|19}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 
−
*{{note|20}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 
−
*{{note|21}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 
−
*{{note|22}} Institute of petroleum, retail marketing survey, supplement to 'petroleum review', march 2000, pp2,12
 
−
*{{note|23}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 
−
*{{note|24}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 
−
*{{note|25}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 
−
*{{note|26}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 
−
*{{note|27}} http://www.secinfo.com/
 
−
*{{note|28}} P.R. WEEK, US EDITION, 17/04/2000, P23
 
−
*{{note|29}} CHARLEX CREATES BP SPOT - http://www.charlex.com/news/BP/BP.press.html
 
−
*{{note|30}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/a_new_co.asp
 
−
*{{note|31}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/persia.asp
 
−
*{{note|32}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/a_new_co.asp
 
−
*{{note|33}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/beyond.asp
 
−
*{{note|34}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/beyond.asp
 
−
*{{note|35}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/shock_success.asp
 
−
*{{note|36}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/persia.asp
 
−
*{{note|37}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/spirit_cont.asp
 
−
*{{note|38}} BBC News, Company File, From Anglo-Persian Oil to BP - http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/business/the_company_file/newsid_149000/149259.stm
 
−
*{{note|39}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/spirit_cont.asp
 
−
*{{note|40}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/spirit_cont.asp
 
−
*{{note|41}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/amoco/torch_oval.asp
 
−
*{{note|42}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/amoco/drive_i_i.asp
 
−
*{{note|43}} http://www.bpsolar.com/1st-History.html
 
−
*{{note|44}} http://bpsolar.com
 
−
*{{note|45}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/b_castrol/burmah_n_s.asp
 
−
*{{note|46}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/arco/timeline.asp
 
−
*{{note|47}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 
−
*{{note|48}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 
−
 
 
−
*{{note|54}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|55}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|56}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|57}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|58}} http://www.ecolab.com/
 
−
*{{note|59}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|60}} http://www.saralee.com/
 
−
*{{note|61}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|62}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|63}} http://www.alliantenergy.com/
 
−
*{{note|64}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|65}} http://www.ppg.com/
 
−
*{{note|66}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|67}} http://www.aeic.org/
 
−
*{{note|68}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|69}} http://www.eei.org/
 
−
*{{note|70}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|71}} http://www.nei.org/
 
−
*{{note|72}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|73}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|74}} http://www.doubletree.com/
 
−
*{{note|75}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|76}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|77}} Emerson electric website
 
−
*{{note|78}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|79}} Anheuser-Busch website
 
−
*{{note|80}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|81}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|82}} SBC Communications website
 
−
*{{note|83}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|84}} SHV Holding website
 
−
*{{note|85}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|86}} Vendex N.V. website
 
−
*{{note|87}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|88}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|89}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|90}} http://www.cmwf.org/
 
−
*{{note|91}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|92}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|93}} http://www.optronics.co.uk/
 
−
*{{note|94}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|95}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|96}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|97}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|98}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|99}} Diageo corporation website
 
−
*{{note|100}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|101}} http://www.delarue.com/
 
−
*{{note|102}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|103}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|104}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|105}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|106}} USG corporation website
 
−
*{{note|107}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|108}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|109}} http://yahoo.marketguide.com/mgi/biograph.asp?nss=yahoo&rt=
 
−
biograph&rn=A1D5COffr_153959
 
−
*{{note|110}} http://biz.yahoo.com/hd/b/bp.html - Data provided by Vickers Stock Research
 
−
*{{note|111}} http://biz.yahoo.com/hd/mf/b/bp.html - Data provided by Vickers Stock Research
 
−
*{{note|112}} http://www.worldwatch.org/chairman/issue/000725.html
 
−
*{{note|113}} http://www.wbcsd.org/aboutus/members.htm
 
−
*{{note|114}} http://www.wbcsd.org/newscenter/library.htm
 
−
*{{note|115}} http://www.transnationale.org/anglais/fiches/109.htm
 
−
*{{note|116}} http://www.imex.com/uscib/
 
−
*{{note|117}} http://www.xs4all.nl/~ceo/mai/uscib.html
 
−
*{{note|118}} http://www.transnationale.org/anglais/fiches/109.htm
 
−
*{{note|119}} http://www.ceps.be/Pubs/News/
 
−
*{{note|120}} http://www.transnationale.org/anglais/fiches/109.htm
 
−
*{{note|121}} http://www.brtable.org/
 
−
*{{note|122}} http://www.globalchange.org/gccd/gcc-digest/1997/d97sep17.htm
 
−
*{{note|123}} http://www.iccwbo.org/home/menu_global_compact.asp
 
−
*{{note|124}} http://www.xs4all.nl/~ceo/greenhouse/european.html
 
−
*{{note|125}} http://www.iccwbo.org/home/intro_icc/links_to_member_companies.asp
 
−
*{{note|126}} http://www.iccwbo.org
 
−
*{{note|127}} http://www.iccwbo.org
 
−
*{{note|128}} http://www.iccwbo.org/home/intro_icc/introducing_icc.asp
 
−
*{{note|129}} http://www.transnationale.org/anglais/fiches/109.htm
 
−
*{{note|130}} http://www.africacncl.org/about/index.htm
 
−
*{{note|131}} BP annual report 2000, p6
 
−
*{{note|132}} http://www.bpsolar.com
 
−
*{{note|133}} http://www.bpsolar.com
 
−
*{{note|134}} http://www.bp.com/in_your_area/a-z_directory.asp
 
−
*{{note|135}} BP Financial and operating information, 4th quarter and full year 2000
 
−
*{{note|136}} Reuters
 
−
*{{note|137}} http://www.tibet.com/NewsRoom/bp-protest-1.htm
 
−
*{{note|138}} New Internationalist, June 2001, p23
 
−
*{{note|139}} http://www.tibet.com/NewsRoom/bp-protest-1.htm
 
−
*{{note|140}} http://www.tibet.com/NewsRoom/bp-protest-1.htm
 
−
*{{note|141}} http://www.tibet.com/NewsRoom/bp-protest-1.htm
 
−
*{{note|142}} Reuters: http://www.forbes.com/newswire/2001/05/11/rtr259540.html
 
−
*{{note|143}} Reuters-Singapore, Friday, May 11, 2001: http://www.forbes.com/newswire/2001/06/14/rtr281696.html
 
−
*{{note|144}} http://www.forbes.com/newswire/2001/06/14/rtr281696.html
 
−
*{{note|145}} New Internationalist June 2001 p22
 
−
*{{note|146}} John Browne, Oxford University Linacre Lectures 2001.
 
−
*{{note|147}} New Internationalist June 2001 p22
 
−
*{{note|148}} US Public Interest Research Group; New Internationalist June 2001 p22
 
−
*{{note|149}} New Internationalist June 2001
 
−
*{{note|150}} http://www.savethearctic.com/caribou/media/release4_19_01.html
 
−
*{{note|151}} http://www.neiu.edu/~bjshaman/377/caspian.htm
 
−
*{{note|152}} http://www.kazakhembus.com/061401.html
 
−
*{{note|153}} http://www.kazakhembus.com/061401.html
 
−
*{{note|154}} http://www.bpamoco.org.uk/world/01-05-18ft.htm
 
−
*{{note|155}} http://www.neiu.edu/~bjshaman/377/caspian.htm
 
−
*{{note|156}} Middle East Wire, Monday, June 4, 2001: http://www.middleeastwire.com/world/stories/20010604_15_meno.shtml
 
−
*{{note|157}} Article by David Harrison and Melissa Jones in The Observer newspaper, UK, Sunday 20 October 1996.
 
−
*{{note|158}} http://csf.colorado.edu/mail/elan/96/oct96/0059.html
 
−
*{{note|159}} Article by David Harrison and Melissa Jones in The Observer newspaper, UK, Sunday 20 October 1996.
 
−
*{{note|160}} http://csf.colorado.edu/mail/elan/96/oct96/0059.html
 
−
*{{note|161}} http://www.gfbv.de/gfbv_e/help/sudoil.htm
 
−
*{{note|162}} http://www.gfbv.de/gfbv_e/help/sudoil.htm
 
−
*{{note|163}} http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
 

Latest revision as of 14:19, 12 July 2016

See also:

People

  • Robert Dudley has been BP’s group chief executive since October 2010
  • Phil Bentley who previously served 15 years with BP in various international oil and gas exploration roles is now Managing Director, British Gas with Centrica. He also serves as Non-Executive Director and the Chairman of the Audit Committee of Kingfisher plc. He was formerly Finance Director of UDV Guinness and Group Treasurer and Director of Risk Management with Diageo[1]

Revolving door

  • David Simon, a minister for trade and competitiveness in Europe for the Labour government from 1997 to 1999 and an Advisor to the Cabinet Office from 1999 to 2003, was a Managing Director of BP from 1985, CEO from 1992 to 1995 and Chairman from 1995 to 1997. [2]
  • Anji Hunter, who was an aide to Blair from 1986 left her post as Director of Government Relations in 2002 to join BP as Director of Communications, a post she held until 2007. [3]

Market share/importance

The oil sector accounts for about 13.3 per cent of FTSE 100 [1] in the UK BP is one of the largest players in this sector. As such, BP is one of the barometer companies of the British economy. BP's successes and failures are likely to be mirrored in the UK economy as a whole.

BP's crude oil production in 2000 stood at 1,928 thousand barrels per-day,[2]
Gas production at 7,609 million cubic-feet per-day,[3]
Total production at 3,240 thousand barrels of oil-equivalent per-day,[4]
Gas sales at 14,471 million cubic-feet per-day,[5]
Refinery throughputs at 2,916 thousand barrels per-day,[6]
Marketing sales at 3,756 thousand barrels per-day,[7]
Chemicals Production at 22,065 thousand tonnes.[8]
BP Solar is the world's largest solar electric company [9]

For comparison

Shell's Crude oil production in 2000 stood at 2,274 thousand barrels per-day [10]
Shell's Natural gas production available for sale at 8,212 million standard-cubic-feet per-day [11]
Shell's oil product sales at 5,574 thousand barrels per-day [12]
Exxon-Mobil's liquids production in 2000 stood at 2,600 thousand barrels per-day [13]
Exxon-Mobil's natural gas production available for sale at 10,300 million cubic-feet per-day [14]
Exxon-Mobil's refinery throughputs at 5,600 thousand barrels per-day [15]

Exxon-Mobil's petroleum product sales at 8,000 thousand barrels per-day [16]

For a guide to the units used by the oil and gas industry try: http://www.nepo.go.th/ref/UNIT-OIL.html

BP ranks in the top three in terms of reserves in the global oil and gas industry with operations in Europe, the Americas, Asia, Australasia and Africa [17]. More than 70% of profits are generated in Europe and the United States but the company is also pressing ahead with new exploration and production operations in Africa, South America, Asia and the Caspian sea [18].

BP is the largest retailer of gasoline in the US. [19]Marketing as AMOCO in the eastern United States and ARCO in the west, it has about 17,150 service stations nationwide [20].

Throughout the rest of the world the company has a network of 11,850 BP branded service stations [21], 1,525 in the UK [22]and products on sale in 100 countries [23]. In the UK BP also supplies fuel to petrol stations at Safeway supermarkets [24].

BP retails its Castrol branded lubricants in more than 50 countries and in addition, supplies Castrol specialist products and services to the metalworking industry [25]. Outside North America the group also markets lubricants under the BP brand.

BP is also one of the world's largest marketers of aviation fuel and a major supplier of fuels and lubricants to the shipping industry. BP supplies more than 900 ports and 1,400 airports worldwide [26].

History

Before January 1999 the company was registered as the British Petroleum Company PLC. In January 1999 following a merger the company took on the Amoco name [27]. They retained the name BP Amoco, until April 2000 [28] The transition to the BP PLC name was managed by BPs advertising agency: Ogilvy & Mather and PR Consultants: Ogilvy PR. The change of name culminated in BPs new logo and re-branding, in the first quarter of 2001 [29].

BP was founded by William Knox D'Arcy, an Englishman who, shortly after the turn of the century, ventured to Persia (Iran) in search of oil. D'arcy's company was first registered in 1909 under the name Anglo-Persian Oil [30] and for the next 60 years the company's focus lay in the Middle East [31].

The British government acquired a controlling stake in the company shortly before the first world war as Anglo-Persian promised secure supplies of oil [32]. Between the wars Anglo-Persian expanded into Canada, South America, Africa, Papua and Europe and in 1935 the company was renamed the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company [33].

In 1951 Iran nationalised the company's assets, at that time the UK's largest investment overseas. To counter this, the company began exploration in other Middle Eastern countries, such as Kuwait, Libya and Iraq and in 1954 the company was renamed British Petroleum Company [34]. From the late 1960s operations shifted westwards, towards the USA, (Prudhoe bay, Alaska) and the British North sea. Both of these fields came on stream in the mid 1970s transforming the company and allowing BP to weather the oil price shocks of 1973 and 1979 [35]. BP today has operations in over 70 countries [36].

The British government sold its last shares in the company in 1987 [37]. By that time BP's performance was languishing at the bottom of its sector and a number of investments had backfired. In 1992 the group posted a loss and had to embark on a drastic cost-cutting exercise. A number of key figures at the top of the company are credited with turning the company around, David Simon (Lord Simon of Highbury), Peter Sutherland and following them the current group chief executive John Browne. By 1996 the group had turned around and was performing within the top quartile of the oil and gas sector [38].

The company's recent history has been dominated by a number of mergers. BP already held a 55% stake in the US Standard Oil Company and in 1987 successfully acquired the remaining 45% and formed the company BP America [39]. 1987 also saw BP acquire Britoil the North Sea exploration company [40].

On August 11 1998 BP and Amoco: the American Oil Co. Established in 1910 [41], announced that they had agreed the world's largest-ever industrial merger [42].

On April 7th 1999 BP announced that it would buy from Enron the 50 per cent stake it did not already own in the solar electric company Solarex, the company would be called BP Solarex [43]. BP Solar's website boasts not only that BP Solar is the world's largest solar electric company but also that it has over 44 years of collective experience [44]. BP Solarex has manufacturing bases in the USA, Spain, Australia, and India and a total production capacity of 30-40 MW of solar products per-year, representing a 20 per cent share of the global market.

Also in recent years BP has combined its operations with Burmah-Castrol, well known for its Castrol branded lubricants [45] and ARCO, whose petrol is on sale across a large part of the United States [46].

Products & Projects

BP's downstream products are petroleum products including petrol, diesel, maritime fuels and aviation fuel as well as lubricants for private, business and industrial users, bottled gas for domestic consumers and gas for industrial consumers. BP also supplies petrol and diesel to Safeway supermarkets in the UK [47].

BP has operations in 100 countries [48] For a full list of the countries where BP operates see: http://www.bp.com/in_your_area/a-z_directory.asp

BP's brands include BP, BP-Solar, Visco lubricants, Castrol Lubricants and in the US AMOCO and ARCO gasoline.

Meetings with ministers

According to the Guardian, between 2010 and 2014 BP had at least 79 meetings with ministers and its rival Shell had at least 112. The newspaper found that during this period there were at least 230 meetings with fossil fuel companies BP, Shell, ExxonMobil, Total, ConocoPhillips, Chevron and trade organisation Oil & Gas UK. This figure is a significantly higher number than meetings with renewable energy companies and their campaign groups - with Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth having just 67 meetings between them.[4]

EU Lobbying

BP were among the top spending British based companies on EU lobbying in Brussels in 2014, spending between €1,250,000 and €1,500,000.[5] They also have 4 lobbyists with European Parliament passes, allowing the bearer virtually unlimited access to the Parliament's buildings.[6]

Affiliations

BP was a donor to the Science Media Centre from 2002 to 2013 according to the SMC.Data from Internet Archive holdings of the Science Media Centre website, 2002-2013.[49]

Links

Notes

  1. ^ http://www.business-line.com/business-weekly/archives/233/investor.html
  2. ^ BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
  3. ^ BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
  4. ^ BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
  5. ^ BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
  6. ^ BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
  7. ^ BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
  8. ^ BP annual report 2000: http://www.bp.com/downloads/457/BP_RA_Complete.pdf
  9. ^ http://www.bpsolar.com/1st-History.html
  10. ^ Results, 4th quarter and full year 2000, Royal Dutch/Shell group of companies http://www.shell.com/investordata/downloads/134/q42000pdf3.pdf /(page 4)
  11. ^ Results, 4th quarter and full year 2000, Royal Dutch/Shell group of companies http://www.shell.com/investordata/downloads/134/q42000pdf3.pdf /(page 5)
  12. ^ Results, 4th quarter and full year 2000, Royal Dutch/Shell group of companies / (page 6)
  13. ^ ExxonMobil, summary annual report, 2000 (page 8)
  14. ^ ExxonMobil, summary annual report, 2000 (page 8)
  15. ^ ExxonMobil, summary annual report, 2000 (page 16)
  16. ^ ExxonMobil, summary annual report, 2000 (page 16)
  17. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/energy.asp
  18. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/energy.asp
  19. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
  20. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
  21. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
  22. ^ Institute of petroleum, retail marketing survey, supplement to 'petroleum review', march 2000, pp2,12
  23. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
  24. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
  25. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
  26. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
  27. ^ http://www.secinfo.com/
  28. ^ P.R. WEEK, US EDITION, 17/04/2000, P23
  29. ^ CHARLEX CREATES BP SPOT - http://www.charlex.com/news/BP/BP.press.html
  30. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/a_new_co.asp
  31. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/persia.asp
  32. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/a_new_co.asp
  33. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/beyond.asp
  34. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/beyond.asp
  35. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/shock_success.asp
  36. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/persia.asp
  37. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/spirit_cont.asp
  38. ^ BBC News, Company File, From Anglo-Persian Oil to BP - http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/business/the_company_file/newsid_149000/149259.stm
  39. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/spirit_cont.asp
  40. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/bp/spirit_cont.asp
  41. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/amoco/torch_oval.asp
  42. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/amoco/drive_i_i.asp
  43. ^ http://www.bpsolar.com/1st-History.html
  44. ^ http://bpsolar.com
  45. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/b_castrol/burmah_n_s.asp
  46. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/history/arco/timeline.asp
  47. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
  48. ^ http://www.bp.com/about_bp/profile/serv_cust.asp
  49. ^Data from Internet Archive holdings of the Science Media Centre website, 2002-2013.

Notes

  1. ↑ Centrica Management Accessed 26th August 2008
  2. ↑ ‘SIMON OF HIGHBURY’, Who's Who 2011, A & C Black, 2011; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2010 ; online edn, Oct 2010 [Accessed 14 Feb 2011]
  3. ↑ ‘HUNTER, Angela Margaret Jane, (Anji)’, Who's Who 2011, A & C Black, 2011; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2010 ; online edn, Oct 2010 [Accessed 14 Feb 2011]
  4. ↑ Rob Evans, Helena Bengtsson, Damian Carrington and Emma Howard Shell and BP alone eclipse renewable energy sector on access to ministers Guardian, 28 April 2015, accessed 29 April 2015.
  5. ↑ Finance industry is UK's biggest lobbyist in Brussels Lobby Facts, 26 January 2015, accessed 3 February 2015
  6. ↑ Companies declaring the most lobbyists Lobby Facts, 26 January 2015, accessed 3 February 2015
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