Difference between revisions of "Pinay Circle"
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| − | + | The [[Pinay Circle]] (or sometimes just [[Le Cercle]]) is a highly secretive elite discussion vehicle and was set up 'around the former Prime Minister of France, [[Antoine Pinay]]'.<ref>Robin Ramsay, Wilson, MI5 and the Rise of Thatcher Covert Operations in British Politics 1974-1978, [http://home.planet.nl/~reijd050/organisations/Cercle/1986_04_Lobster_Le_Cercle_short_history_and_some_names.htm Appendix 2: the Pinay Circle], ''Lobster Magazine'' April 1986, Issue 11</ref> | |
| + | |||
| + | According to the ''Independent'' in 1997: | ||
| + | |||
| + | :Formed in the Fifties... One of the most influential, secretive, and, it goes without saying, exclusive political clubs in the West... One member contacted by this newspaper said he could not talk about it 'even off, off the record'. Another simply put the phone down... The source of its funding is a mystery...<ref>Chris Blackhurst Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club; Is it the ultimate dishonour? Chris Blackhurst on Le Cercle, an exclusive think-tank said to be funded by the CIA The Independent (London), June 29, 1997, Sunday Page 3</ref> | ||
One of the earliest discussions of the Circle was in Lobster magazine in 1986: | One of the earliest discussions of the Circle was in Lobster magazine in 1986: | ||
| Line 11: | Line 15: | ||
:Pinay projects are said to have included the promotion of Mrs Thatcher in the UK and Strauss in West Germany. | :Pinay projects are said to have included the promotion of Mrs Thatcher in the UK and Strauss in West Germany. | ||
| − | :ISC records from as early as 1972 mention efforts by the Pinay Circle to generate moral and financial support for ISC: Crozier was apparently hoping for £20,000 from the Circle in 1973 - a large contribution by ISC's standards. The Circle paid for an ISC study "European Security and the Soviet Problem". Further correspondence from 1975 shows the Circle active in organising meetings in "Madrid, Rome, Milan, Brussels and Bonn .... with the object of raising money for the Institute (ie ISC) and enhancing its reputation." (Time Out 27 June 1975)<ref>Robin Ramsay, Wilson, MI5 and the Rise of Thatcher Covert Operations in British Politics 1974-1978, [http://home.planet.nl/~reijd050/organisations/Cercle/1986_04_Lobster_Le_Cercle_short_history_and_some_names.htm Appendix 2: the Pinay Circle], ''Lobster Magazine'' April 1986, Issue 11</ref> | + | :[[Institute for the Study of Conflict|ISC]] records from as early as 1972 mention efforts by the Pinay Circle to generate moral and financial support for ISC: Crozier was apparently hoping for £20,000 from the Circle in 1973 - a large contribution by ISC's standards. The Circle paid for an ISC study "European Security and the Soviet Problem". Further correspondence from 1975 shows the Circle active in organising meetings in "Madrid, Rome, Milan, Brussels and Bonn .... with the object of raising money for the Institute (ie ISC) and enhancing its reputation." (''Time Out'' 27 June 1975)<ref>Robin Ramsay, Wilson, MI5 and the Rise of Thatcher Covert Operations in British Politics 1974-1978, [http://home.planet.nl/~reijd050/organisations/Cercle/1986_04_Lobster_Le_Cercle_short_history_and_some_names.htm Appendix 2: the Pinay Circle], ''Lobster Magazine'' April 1986, Issue 11</ref> |
In 2004 the Sunday Times reported: | In 2004 the Sunday Times reported: | ||
| Line 26: | Line 30: | ||
*[[Norman Lamont]] Reportedly from 1996, in contradiction to the above.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20080224101149/www.benadorassociates.com/lamont.php Lord Lamont of Lerwick], Benador Associates, via the Internet Archive, archived 22 August 2008, accessed 1 June 2010.</ref> | *[[Norman Lamont]] Reportedly from 1996, in contradiction to the above.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20080224101149/www.benadorassociates.com/lamont.php Lord Lamont of Lerwick], Benador Associates, via the Internet Archive, archived 22 August 2008, accessed 1 June 2010.</ref> | ||
===Reported Participants=== | ===Reported Participants=== | ||
| − | [[Jonathan Aitken]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Julian Amery]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Josef Bach]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> [[Crispin Blunt]]<ref>Register of Members' Interests: [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmregmem/080122/memi05.htm Foreign Travel]: Crispin Blunt, Registered: 16 December 2007.</ref> | [[David Burnside]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[William Casey]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Anthony Cavendish]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Paul Channon]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Alan Clarke]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[William Colby]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Percy Cradock]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Brian Crozier]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Alan Duncan]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Nicholas Elliot]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Edwin Feulner]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil|Robert Gascoyne-Cecil | + | [[Jonathan Aitken]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Rupert Allason]]<ref>Damien McCrystal, Spooky Tale from Salzburg, Evening Standard, 25 September 2003.</ref> | [[Julian Amery]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Michael Ancram]]<ref>Damien McCrystal, Spooky Tale from Salzburg, Evening Standard, 25 September 2003.</ref> | [[Nadhmi Auchi]]<ref> Robert Winnett, [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article532500.ece Lavish wedding alongside Live 8], Sunday Times, 12 June 2005.</ref> [[Josef Bach]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> [[Crispin Blunt]]<ref>Register of Members' Interests: [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmregmem/080122/memi05.htm Foreign Travel]: Crispin Blunt, Registered: 16 December 2007.</ref> | [[David Burnside]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[William Casey]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Anthony Cavendish]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Paul Channon]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Alan Clarke]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[William Colby]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Percy Cradock]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Brian Crozier]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Alan Duncan]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Nicholas Elliot]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Edwin Feulner]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury|Robert Gascoyne-Cecil]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Ronald Grierson]]<ref>Damien McCrystal, Spooky Tale from Salzburg, Evening Standard, 25 September 2003.</ref> | [[Donald F. B. Jameson]]<ref>Adam Bernstein, [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/10/AR2007091002436.html Donald F.B. Jameson; Handled Russian Defectors for CIA], Washington Post, 11 September 2007.</ref> [[Henry Kissinger]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Stephen Lander]]<ref>Damien McCrystal, Spooky Tale from Salzburg, Evening Standard, 25 September 2003.</ref> | [[Richard Nixon]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Antoine Pinay]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> | [[Tim Spicer]]<ref>Damien McCrystal, Spooky Tale from Salzburg, Evening Standard, 25 September 2003.</ref> | [[Geoffrey Tantum]]<ref>Chris Blackhurst, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/aitken-dropped-by-the-rights-secret-club-1258522.html Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club], Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.</ref> |
==UK Participation== | ==UK Participation== | ||
| + | According to the ''Independent'': | ||
| + | |||
:In this country, Cercle regulars number about 15, drawn mostly from the rich Tory right. Leading political lights are [[Paul Channon]] and [[Alan Duncan]]. [[David Burnside]], the former British Airways public affairs chief, is a member - not for his BA work but for his passionate espousal of Ulster Unionism. [[Viscount Cranborne]], [[John Major]]'s former senior aide, has attended Cercle gatherings. | :In this country, Cercle regulars number about 15, drawn mostly from the rich Tory right. Leading political lights are [[Paul Channon]] and [[Alan Duncan]]. [[David Burnside]], the former British Airways public affairs chief, is a member - not for his BA work but for his passionate espousal of Ulster Unionism. [[Viscount Cranborne]], [[John Major]]'s former senior aide, has attended Cercle gatherings. | ||
:[[Brian Crozier]], the author and well-known Cold-Warrior with close ties to MI6 and the CIA, is a senior member. [[Anthony Cavendish]], the former senior MI5 man, is an old Cercle hand. [[Nicholas Elliot]], the ex-MI6 officer, used to go to their meetings.<ref>Chris Blackhurst Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club; Is it the ultimate dishonour? Chris Blackhurst on Le Cercle, an exclusive think-tank said to be funded by the CIA The Independent (London), June 29, 1997, Sunday Page 3</ref> | :[[Brian Crozier]], the author and well-known Cold-Warrior with close ties to MI6 and the CIA, is a senior member. [[Anthony Cavendish]], the former senior MI5 man, is an old Cercle hand. [[Nicholas Elliot]], the ex-MI6 officer, used to go to their meetings.<ref>Chris Blackhurst Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club; Is it the ultimate dishonour? Chris Blackhurst on Le Cercle, an exclusive think-tank said to be funded by the CIA The Independent (London), June 29, 1997, Sunday Page 3</ref> | ||
| − | *[[Crispin Blunt]] registered this event: | + | *[[Crispin Blunt]] MP registered this event: |
:29 November-2 December 2007, to Madrid to attend conference of '''Le Cercle''', a foreign policy think-tank, with flight and accommodation expenses paid by the conference organisers.<ref>Register of Members' Interests: [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmregmem/080122/memi05.htm Foreign Travel]: Crispin Blunt, Registered: 16 December 2007.</ref> | :29 November-2 December 2007, to Madrid to attend conference of '''Le Cercle''', a foreign policy think-tank, with flight and accommodation expenses paid by the conference organisers.<ref>Register of Members' Interests: [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmregmem/080122/memi05.htm Foreign Travel]: Crispin Blunt, Registered: 16 December 2007.</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 07:42, 2 June 2010
The Pinay Circle (or sometimes just Le Cercle) is a highly secretive elite discussion vehicle and was set up 'around the former Prime Minister of France, Antoine Pinay'.[1]
According to the Independent in 1997:
- Formed in the Fifties... One of the most influential, secretive, and, it goes without saying, exclusive political clubs in the West... One member contacted by this newspaper said he could not talk about it 'even off, off the record'. Another simply put the phone down... The source of its funding is a mystery...[2]
One of the earliest discussions of the Circle was in Lobster magazine in 1986:
- The Pinay Circle was set up in 1969 around the former Prime Minister of France, Antoine Pinay. Pinay was very old and seems to have been little more than a figurehead. Its chief fundraiser and leading light is the former lawyer, Jean Violet. A senior figure in the French equivalent of the CBI, Violet has also been a member of SDECE, the French equivalent of the CIA and MI6. (Faligot, 1985 p 194). According to reports from West German intelligence (in Intelligence/Parapolitics (Paris) December 1984) Violet had links with South African, American, British, Swiss and West German intelligence. The West German BND is said to be one of his sources of finance.
- With these contacts Violet had put together an informal group of conservative, anti-communist politicians, bankers, journalists etc - 'The Pinay Circle'. It is said to meet twice a year discussing how to promote the conservative cause. The following are said to have been, or still are, members of the circle:
- Julian Amery MP, Brian Crozier, Nicholas Elliot (B) (ex MI6), William Colby (ex DCIA), Edwin Feulner of The Heritage Foundation, and General D. Stilwell (DIA).
- Pinay projects are said to have included the promotion of Mrs Thatcher in the UK and Strauss in West Germany.
- ISC records from as early as 1972 mention efforts by the Pinay Circle to generate moral and financial support for ISC: Crozier was apparently hoping for £20,000 from the Circle in 1973 - a large contribution by ISC's standards. The Circle paid for an ISC study "European Security and the Soviet Problem". Further correspondence from 1975 shows the Circle active in organising meetings in "Madrid, Rome, Milan, Brussels and Bonn .... with the object of raising money for the Institute (ie ISC) and enhancing its reputation." (Time Out 27 June 1975)[3]
In 2004 the Sunday Times reported:
- Nadhmi Auchi is a member of an elite club known as Le Cercle. It consists of transatlantic businessmen and politicians and is often compared with the Bilderberg Group. The secretive group of 100 people meets twice a year to discuss global politics and business. The next meeting is scheduled to be held in Washington this month.
- The club, which has close links to the intelligence services, was founded in the 1950s by former French prime minister Antoine Pinay and former German chancellor Konrad Adenauer. Guests at the club's meetings have included Richard Nixon, Henry Kissinger, the Sultan of Oman, Romania's Ion Illiescu and King Hussein of Jordan. The current chairman is Lord Lamont, the former Tory chancellor, and other members are thought to include Anthony Cavendish and Geoffrey Tantum, who are both former MI6 officers.[4]
Contents
People
Chairmen
- Antoine Pinay[5]
- Julian Amery[6]
- Jonathan Aitken Reportedly until 1997.[7]
- Norman Lamont Reportedly from 1996, in contradiction to the above.[8]
Reported Participants
Jonathan Aitken[9] | Rupert Allason[10] | Julian Amery[11] | Michael Ancram[12] | Nadhmi Auchi[13] Josef Bach[14] Crispin Blunt[15] | David Burnside[16] | William Casey[17] | Anthony Cavendish[18] | Paul Channon[19] | Alan Clarke[20] | William Colby[21] | Percy Cradock[22] | Brian Crozier[23] | Alan Duncan[24] | Nicholas Elliot[25] | Edwin Feulner[26] | Robert Gascoyne-Cecil[27] | Ronald Grierson[28] | Donald F. B. Jameson[29] Henry Kissinger[30] | Stephen Lander[31] | Richard Nixon[32] | Antoine Pinay[33] | Tim Spicer[34] | Geoffrey Tantum[35]
UK Participation
According to the Independent:
- In this country, Cercle regulars number about 15, drawn mostly from the rich Tory right. Leading political lights are Paul Channon and Alan Duncan. David Burnside, the former British Airways public affairs chief, is a member - not for his BA work but for his passionate espousal of Ulster Unionism. Viscount Cranborne, John Major's former senior aide, has attended Cercle gatherings.
- Brian Crozier, the author and well-known Cold-Warrior with close ties to MI6 and the CIA, is a senior member. Anthony Cavendish, the former senior MI5 man, is an old Cercle hand. Nicholas Elliot, the ex-MI6 officer, used to go to their meetings.[36]
- Crispin Blunt MP registered this event:
- 29 November-2 December 2007, to Madrid to attend conference of Le Cercle, a foreign policy think-tank, with flight and accommodation expenses paid by the conference organisers.[37]
External resources
- Joël van der Reijden Le Cercle Project for the Exposure of Hidden Institutions, Written: July 26, 2005, Last update: June 12, 2006, Version: 1.5.4
- Le Cercle: Incomplete Membership List
Notes
- ↑ Robin Ramsay, Wilson, MI5 and the Rise of Thatcher Covert Operations in British Politics 1974-1978, Appendix 2: the Pinay Circle, Lobster Magazine April 1986, Issue 11
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club; Is it the ultimate dishonour? Chris Blackhurst on Le Cercle, an exclusive think-tank said to be funded by the CIA The Independent (London), June 29, 1997, Sunday Page 3
- ↑ Robin Ramsay, Wilson, MI5 and the Rise of Thatcher Covert Operations in British Politics 1974-1978, Appendix 2: the Pinay Circle, Lobster Magazine April 1986, Issue 11
- ↑ Robert Winnett Billionaire: I'm no friend of Saddam (Subtitle: Le Cercle of the Elite) Sunday Times (London) September 5, 2004, Sunday Business; Business; 9
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Lord Lamont of Lerwick, Benador Associates, via the Internet Archive, archived 22 August 2008, accessed 1 June 2010.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Damien McCrystal, Spooky Tale from Salzburg, Evening Standard, 25 September 2003.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Damien McCrystal, Spooky Tale from Salzburg, Evening Standard, 25 September 2003.
- ↑ Robert Winnett, Lavish wedding alongside Live 8, Sunday Times, 12 June 2005.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Register of Members' Interests: Foreign Travel: Crispin Blunt, Registered: 16 December 2007.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Damien McCrystal, Spooky Tale from Salzburg, Evening Standard, 25 September 2003.
- ↑ Adam Bernstein, Donald F.B. Jameson; Handled Russian Defectors for CIA, Washington Post, 11 September 2007.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Damien McCrystal, Spooky Tale from Salzburg, Evening Standard, 25 September 2003.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Damien McCrystal, Spooky Tale from Salzburg, Evening Standard, 25 September 2003.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst, Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club, Sunday Independent, 29 June 1997.
- ↑ Chris Blackhurst Aitken dropped by the Right's secret club; Is it the ultimate dishonour? Chris Blackhurst on Le Cercle, an exclusive think-tank said to be funded by the CIA The Independent (London), June 29, 1997, Sunday Page 3
- ↑ Register of Members' Interests: Foreign Travel: Crispin Blunt, Registered: 16 December 2007.
