The Movement for Reform Judaism

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British Reform Jewish movement whose operational activities transferred to Progressive Judaism in 2026

The Movement for Reform Judaism

Logo Movement for Reform Judaism logo from 2025 report.png
Type Jewish religious movement; continuing registered charity and company limited by guarantee
Founded 1942
Registration ID 1139806 (Charity Commission); company 07431950
Status Operational activities transferred to MPJ on 1 January 2026; charitable company continues
Headquarters The Sternberg Centre for Judaism, 80 East End Road, Finchley, London N3 2SY
Registration England and Wales
Key people Dr Edward Kessler; Michele Ruth Saffer; Melvin Pedro (trustees listed on 6 November 2026)
Website https://www.reformjudaism.org.uk

The Movement for Reform Judaism (MRJ), also known as Reform Judaism, is a British Reform Jewish movement whose operational activities transferred to The Movement for Progressive Judaism (MPJ) on 1 January 2026. Its trustees’ report states that the original registered charity continues to exist to receive residual legacies and donations, rather than having been dissolved by the operational transfer.[1] Companies House continued to list company 07431950 as active on 6 November 2026, and the Charity Commission continued to list charity 1139806 and its trustees.[2][3][4]

MRJ and Liberal Judaism voted to unite on 18 May 2025. That announcement distinguished the vote from the further work of legally forming the new movement; the subsequent MRJ report dates its operational transfer to 1 January 2026.[5][1] MRJ’s preserved explanatory website describes its historical membership of the World Union for Progressive Judaism and the European Union for Progressive Judaism, and its educational, communal and youth work.[6]

History

MRJ’s own historical account traces British Reform Judaism to 1840 and the national association of Reform communities to 1942. The association subsequently became known as The Movement for Reform Judaism.[6] The charitable company was incorporated on 8 November 2010 and registered as charity 1139806 on 12 January 2011. The charity register records funds received from predecessor charity 250060 on 22 May 2012.[2][3]

Provincial origins, 1856–1898

Kershen and Romain’s 1995 history traces provincial Reform Judaism to Manchester, where a Reform Association was established on 17 February 1856. Its resolutions called for the adoption of the Margaret Street (West London) prayer book, liturgy and ritual and the introduction of a choir, and for the Association to combine with the general body of Manchester Jewry. According to Kershen and Romain, the Orthodox Halliwell Street committee and Chief Rabbi Nathan Adler would make only minor concessions, while the Reformers offered a single concession: retention of the Second Day of festivals.[7]

The foundation stone of what was first designated the Park Place Synagogue of British Jews of Manchester was laid in March 1857 at a ceremony attended by Manchester Reformers and representatives of West London Synagogue.[8] Dr Solomon Schiller-Szinessy, who had arrived in Manchester in 1850, was the sole applicant for the Reformers’ post; Kershen and Romain say that his request to be designated ‘Chief Rabbi’ was refused but that he took the post.[9][8] The consecration took place on 25 March 1858. The building, designed by Edward Salomons, followed the Margaret Street ritual but introduced an organ and a mixed choir of forty.[10][11] Kershen and Romain say that the difference over the Second Day, which Schiller-Szinessy defended as an ancient institution rather than a Mosaic ordinance, meant that Park Place did not become a ‘branch’ of West London and remained an autonomous associate, setting a pattern for later Reform congregations.[10] In 1860 those in favour of abolishing the Second Day prevailed, and Schiller-Szinessy resigned in protest.[12]

Gustav Gottheil, formerly third minister to the Berlin Reform community, became Manchester’s second Reform minister; after thirteen years he left in September 1873 to become minister of the Emanu-El Synagogue in New York.[13][14] Laurence Mark Simmons, described as the first English-born minister of the Manchester Reform congregation, was trained at Breslau with support from West London’s ministers’ training fund. His ministry ended with his early death in 1900, and Kershen and Romain put the congregation’s membership at 500 by the end of the century.[15]

In Bradford, the Jewish Association of Bradford was founded after a meeting convened by Charles Semon and Charles Calman on 1 April 1873. Joseph Strauss of Germany was appointed its director in November 1873 and served the community until 1922.[16][17] Kershen and Romain write that the community first used the Hamburg Temple prayer book and that in 1878 pragmatism demanded a change to the ritual and liturgy of West London. They report that West London’s council had initially refused association on the ground that the ‘advanced views’ of the majority of the Bradford community were an impediment, and that West London was then reluctant to draw up rules for formal association until a sub-committee was set up after pressure from Bradford and an emerging Leeds community.[18] They date the foundation-stone ceremony at Bowland Street to 1880 and the consecration to 29 March 1881, and describe Bradford as unique among nineteenth-century British Jewish communities in establishing a Reform synagogue before an Orthodox house of worship.[18][19] In 1880 Strauss applied to West London for the post of assistant minister; Kershen and Romain report that he was turned down because of the manner in which he delivered his sermons, quoting David Woolf Marks’s report that his reading ‘grates horribly on the ear’.[20]

Kershen and Romain also record unsuccessful attempts to found Reform congregations elsewhere. In 1867 Philip Magnus suggested that West London authorise a minister to conduct weekly services in hired rooms at Brighton for part of the year; the surviving record notes only that the request was ‘not acceded to’, dated 6 December 1867.[21][22] In Leeds, Joseph Guttman Oppenheim wrote to West London’s council in June 1880 seeking to establish a synagogue following West London ritual, and announced in August 1880 the acquisition of a former Christian chapel; the correspondence then ceased, and the minute book of Belgrave Street synagogue indicates that the matter with Oppenheim and another seceder was settled by October 1880. A second group led by S. Tannenberg wrote from the ‘New Hebrew Congregation’ on 1 January 1881. Kershen and Romain conclude that Reform lay dormant in Leeds until a congregation was established in 1944.[23][24][25] In 1874 residents of Clapham, Brixton and neighbouring areas wrote to West London in the name of a ‘South London Synagogue of British Jews’; membership stayed below the twenty required for association, the planned consecration and association did not take place, and in 1877 West London refused a request for £100 a year for three years.[26][27] They summarise that by the end of the nineteenth century only three Reform congregations existed in Britain: West London, Manchester and Bradford.[28]

In a letter to the Jewish Chronicle in 1893, Strauss held West London responsible for a ‘lack of brotherly connection’ with the provinces.[29][30] On 8 January 1898 Morris Joseph, minister of West London since 1893, presented a paper to the West London Synagogue Association proposing closer links between the three Reform synagogues. The meeting in London was attended by Strauss and two other Bradford representatives but by no one from Manchester. Joseph then asked the two provincial congregations to approve a non-financial ‘federation’, with periodic conferences held alternately in London, Manchester and Bradford, consultative only, each congregation retaining its independence in ritual.[30] The West London Association’s annual report recorded an ‘extremely favourable’ reply from Bradford and an ‘extremely unfavourable’ reply from Manchester, whose lay council said that the synagogue’s community and civic position was of far more importance than the proposed federation.[30][21] Kershen and Romain write that the plan was abandoned and not reconsidered until 1942, when the resolution to establish the Associated British Synagogues was passed at a meeting held in Manchester.[21]

National association, 1942–1994

The national association was established in 1942 as Associated British Synagogues. It joined the World Union for Progressive Judaism in 1945 and became the Association of Synagogues in Great Britain in 1946.[31]

The Reform Beth Din was established in 1948, and the association established Leo Baeck College in 1956. The Union of Liberal and Progressive Synagogues became a co-sponsor of the college in 1964.[32]

In 1958 the association adopted the name Reform Synagogues of Great Britain, then comprising 18 synagogues. The Council of Reform and Liberal Rabbis was established in 1968.[32]

The Youth Association of Synagogues in Great Britain was established in 1946, became Reform Synagogue Youth in 1979 and adopted the name RSY-Netzer in 1982. The Assembly of Ministers, established in 1947, became the Assembly of Rabbis in 1976.[31]

Kershen and Romain's chronology records Raymond Goldman's appointment as general secretary in 1966, his change of role to executive director in 1979, and Tony Bayfield's appointment as chief executive in 1994.[33]

Kershen and Romain write that by 1957 the influence of the German refugee rabbis was beginning to wane, noting among those who had died in the preceding years Caesar Seligmann (1950), Herman Schreiber (1954), Bruno Italiener (1956), Ernest Sawady (1956), Max Katten (1957) and Gustav Pfingst (1957). Leo Baeck died on 2 November 1956; they describe him as President of the Reform movement, who worshipped mainly at North Western and at West London.[34]

On relations with Liberal Judaism, Kershen and Romain record that in May 1962 the Reform Synagogues of Great Britain (RSGB) joined the social issues committee of the Union of Liberal and Progressive Synagogues (ULPS) as a joint venture, and that a Joint Chaplaincy Commission to serve Progressive Jewish students at universities was established in 1963.[35]

Religious change, 1980–1995

Kershen and Romain describe gradual changes in the religious direction of the RSGB during the 1980s: many congregations reintroduced Second Day Rosh Hashanah services, the role of women in services became more active, and specific ceremonies for female life-cycle events were developed. They write that some communities still opposed employing a female rabbi, on habit rather than ideology, and that none of those that appointed women rabbis found that fears of communal splits or loss of membership materialised. A collection of essays by women rabbis, Hear Our Voice, was published in 1994.[36]

Alliance for Progressive Judaism

On 17 September 2014 Liberal Judaism and MRJ announced the Alliance for Progressive Judaism, expanding collaboration in student chaplaincy, social justice and social action. The announcement explicitly stated that this was not a merger: the movements would retain their autonomy and distinct identities, and congregations would remain members of their respective movements.[37]

Movement for Progressive Judaism

JCR-UK dates the announcement of an intention to unite to April 2023. The movements held parallel extraordinary general meetings on 18 May 2025 and voted for unification.[38][5] The May announcement described further legal formation work as still to come; MPJ’s later account says that votes in favour exceeded 95% at each meeting.[5][39] JCR-UK records incorporation of the new MPJ company, 16501951, on 6 June 2025 and registration of its separate charity, 1214734, on 29 August 2025.[38]

The MRJ trustees’ report, approved on 22 July 2026, states that its operational activities transferred to MPJ on 1 January 2026, with those operations continuing in substance within MPJ. It also states that the MRJ charity would remain in existence to receive residual legacies and donations.[1] MPJ’s January 2026 privacy policy identifies the new company and charity and refers to integration work continuing during 2026.[40] These are distinct organisational and legal entities; the operational union does not mean that the MRJ charity ceased to exist.[1][2]

The May 2025 announcement named Rabbi Josh Levy as MRJ chief executive and Rabbi Charley Baginsky as Liberal Judaism chief executive. In a joint statement dated 1 September 2026 they signed as the co-leads of MPJ, rather than as chief executives of two continuing operational movements.[5][41]

Governance and charitable status

The Charity Commission describes MRJ as a charitable company, number 1139806, linked to company 07431950.[3] Companies House describes it as a private company limited by guarantee without share capital, with an exemption from using “Limited” in its name.[2] Its governing-document summary dates the memorandum and articles to 31 October 2010 and lists subsequent amendments, most recently on 1 January 2026; Companies House separately records incorporation on 8 November 2010.[42][2] The registered objects are to promote and foster Judaism and any charitable purpose calculated to further the welfare of Jewish people in the UK, Israel or elsewhere in the world.[42]

The 2025 report says that the charity’s affairs were governed by its memorandum and articles and that an EGM on 18 May 2025 allowed current board members reaching the end of their terms to remain on the board for an extended period, to provide continuity during the transfer to MPJ.[1]

People

Continuing MRJ charity trustees

The following are the three trustees listed by the Charity Commission on 6 November 2026; these legal-charity roles are separate from MPJ’s operational leadership.[4][41]

Trustees of charity 1139806
Name as recorded Appointment recorded Status at 6 November 2026 Source
Dr Edward Kessler 1 January 2026 Current trustee [4]
Michele Ruth Saffer 19 November 2020 Current trustee [4]
Melvin Pedro 28 June 2020 Current trustee [4]

Continuing company directors

Companies House lists the following active directors of company 07431950. These are company-office dates.[43]

Active company directors, checked 6 November 2026
Name as recorded Appointment Resignation Source
Edward David Kessler 1 January 2026 Not recorded; active [43]
Melvin Pedro 28 June 2020 Not recorded; active [43]
Michele Ruth Saffer 19 November 2020 Not recorded; active [43]

Selected former company directors

The following is a non-exhaustive selection of former directors, with names and dates as recorded by Companies House.[43]

Selected former directors of company 07431950
Name as recorded Appointment Resignation Source
Daniel Robert Benjamin 28 June 2020 1 January 2026 [43]
Peter David Fraser 24 June 2018 25 June 2023 [43]
Kathryn Anne Hirst 30 June 2019 1 January 2026 [43]
Roberto Aron Lampl 19 November 2020 1 January 2026 [43]
Ian Michael Lancaster 30 June 2019 1 January 2026 [43]
Paul Anthony Langsford 26 June 2016 1 January 2026 [43]


Historical leadership: November 2021

The following tables reproduce the leadership categories and names shown in the website capture of 28 November 2021. They are historical listings, not a statement that those positions continued after the operational transfer.[44]

Chairs in the November 2021 website capture
Person Role shown Source
Rabbi James Baaden Co-chair of the Assembly of Reform Rabbis and Cantors [44]
Rabbi Kathleen Middleton Co-chair of the Assembly of Reform Rabbis and Cantors [44]
Michael Harris Listed under Chairs [44]
Paul Langsford Listed under Chairs [44]
Board members in the November 2021 website capture
Person Role shown Source
Daniel Benjamin Board member [44]
Daniel Mackintosh Board member [44]
Ian Lancaster Board member [44]
Joey Leskin Board member [44]
Kathy Hirst Board member [44]
Melvin Pedro Board member [44]
Michael Harris Board member [44]
Michele Saffer Board member [44]
Paul Langsford Board member [44]
Peter Fraser Board member [44]
Roberto Lampl Board member [44]
Roy Saatchi Board member [44]
Senior management team in the November 2021 website capture
Person Role shown Source
Debbie Doobay Chief operating officer [44]
Amit Handelsman Director of community partnership [44]
Sarita Robinson Director of community partnership [44]
Rabbi Dr Jackie Tabick Beit Din convenor [44]
Sharon Daniels Head of safeguarding and wellbeing [44]
Gilly Shulman Director of HR [44]

Accounts

The table gives the MRJ charity’s results for periods before the operational transfer; it is not a statement of MPJ’s separate finances.[1]

MRJ charity 1139806: annual accounts (£)
Year ended 31 December Income Expenditure Net assets / funds Source
2024 2,628,742 2,482,731 2,099,992 [1]
2025 3,123,094 2,934,164 2,288,922 [1]

The 2025 report acknowledges grants from organisations including UJIA and Netzer Olami (Tamar). Its acknowledgements page does not give the amounts of those individual grants.[1]

Relationship with Israel

MRJ’s Israel page, preserved in a 26 October 2021 capture and still accessible in the movement’s retained website text on 6 November 2026, states its organisational position as follows:[45][46]

We are unequivocally Zionist. We have a non-negotiable commitment to the State of Israel and its security. We believe that the pursuit of peace is the highest ideal and priority. We are deeply committed to democracy; human rights and social justice; and religious pluralism.

We are committed to two viable states as the only just and realistic solution to the present situation.

We believe that Israel should be a Jewish state and a state for all its citizens.

We believe that exponents of moderate, liberal Judaism should ally with moderate, liberal secularists and work together to combat both religious and secular extremism.

The page also states that the movement supports organisations building bridges between Israeli Jews and Arabs, and between Israeli Jews and Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza.[45][46]

Organisations listed in 2021

Under “Organisations whose work we support”, the October 2021 website capture listed the following. This is the website’s description of support for their work, not an account of amounts donated or proof of payments to each organisation.[45]

Israel Desk

The Alliance for Progressive Judaism announced the appointment of Carrie Shaw as Israel Desk coordinator in July 2017. Its announcements describe a partnership involving Liberal Judaism, MRJ, the Israel Movement for Reform and Progressive Judaism, ProZion, Friends of Leo Baeck Haifa and Friends of Progressive Judaism, working on education, engagement and coordination of messages and campaigns. The MRJ announcement described the role as part-funded by Israel, while Liberal Judaism specified funding by partners in Israel; neither announcement provides a funding split.[47][48] These sources document Shaw’s appointment in 2017, not current staffing in 2026.[47][48]

MPJ’s stated position after the operational union

The Movement for Progressive Judaism describes itself as a Zionist movement committed to a Jewish, pluralist and democratic state and to two safe and secure states, Israel and Palestine. Its Israel page says that its leaders, rabbis and cantors are developing a detailed framework, welcomes the diversity of views among its members, and describes work alongside the Israel Movement for Reform and Progressive Judaism.[49]

RSY-Netzer youth movement

MRJ sponsored RSY-Netzer, whose name stands for Reform Synagogue Youth and Noar Tzioni Reformi (Reform Zionist Youth). Its archived statement identifies it as part of Netzer Olami.[6][50] The October 2021 statement describes an annual veidah conference examining beliefs and practices, with decisions recorded in a Policies, Beliefs and Actions booklet; it sets out Reform Judaism, Reform Zionism, Tikkun Olam and Livluv as its values.[50]

Its programme page advertises five Shemesh summer camps, Choref winter camps, the Course Hadracha leadership programme for 15–17-year-olds and a post-GCSE Israel tour intended to engage participants with Progressive Judaism and Reform Zionism. It also describes a Shnat gap-year programme organised by Netzer Olami and shared with LJY-Netzer, as well as work with Reform communities across Britain.[51] The current page identifies RSY-Netzer as part of The Movement for Progressive Judaism and displays MPJ charity number 1214734.[51]

On 8 July 2020 RSY-Netzer publicised a statement against the proposed annexation of territories in the occupied West Bank by the Israeli government.[52]

Members and communities

MRJ’s preserved website text contains different figures: “43 communities” under “Our Partners” and “42 Reform communities” under “Our Communities”. Its 2025 trustees’ report describes an association of 42 Reform congregations.[6][1] These are not interchangeable with the current membership of MPJ, whose directory describes “around 80” communities across the UK and Ireland.[53]

The table identifies Reform heritage and directory listings rather than certifying the current operating or legal status of every congregation. It includes West London Synagogue, which JCR-UK says suspended MRJ membership in 2020 and whose affiliation lapsed in February 2023; JCR-UK now lists it as unaffiliated to MPJ, and it is not in MPJ’s current directory.[38][53] JCR-UK marks Reform heritage with “(R)” in its list.[38]

The MPJ directory uses “South Hampshire Progressive Community”; that community’s own website calls it South Hampshire Reform Jewish Community and expressly describes membership of MRJ. JCR-UK likewise marks it as Reform heritage.[53][54][38] Conversely, JCR-UK identifies The Ark Synagogue, Beit Klal Yisrael, Crawley Jewish Community, Crouch End Chavurah, Kehillah North London, Lincolnshire Jewish Community and South Bucks Jewish Community as Liberal heritage; they are not included as Reform communities below.[38]

MPJ’s directory still uses the name Harlow Jewish Community, while its 4 February 2026 announcement records the formation of Harlow and Chelmsford Jewish Community from Harlow and Chelmsford Jewish Community.[53][55] Makor Hayim is also still listed, but its 2025 report announced expected closure by 31 May 2026; that prospective statement does not confirm completed closure or asset transfer.[53][56]

Reform-heritage communities and predecessors; directory status checked 6 November 2026
Community Heritage Directory / affiliation qualification Source
Alyth (North Western Reform Synagogue) Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Beth Shalom Reform Synagogue, Cambridge Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Blackpool Reform Jewish Congregation Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Bournemouth Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Bradford Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Brighton and Hove Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Bromley Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Cardiff Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Menorah Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Coventry Jewish Reform Community Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Darlington Hebrew Congregation Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Edgware & Hendon Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Finchley Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Glasgow Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Harlow Jewish Community Reform Reform predecessor; merged Harlow and Chelmsford community announced February 2026 [53][38][55]
Isle of Wight Jewish Society Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Kehillat Kernow – The Jewish Community of Cornwall Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Kol Chai – Hatch End Jewish Community Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Liverpool Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Maidenhead Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Makor Hayim Reform Listed in directory; closure announced for May 2026, completion not established [53][38][56]
Manchester Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Milton Keynes & District Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Mosaic Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Ne’ve Shalom Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Newcastle Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
North West Surrey Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Oaks Lane Reform Synagogue (previously SWESRS) Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Radlett Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Seven Hills Shul (Sheffield) Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Sha’arei Shalom Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Sha’arei Tsedek (North London Reform Synagogue) Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Sinai Synagogue, Leeds Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
South Hampshire Reform Jewish Community Reform Listed by MPJ as South Hampshire Progressive Community [54][38][53]
Southend & District Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Southport & District Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Sukkat Shalom Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Swindon Jewish Community Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Thanet & District Reform Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
West London Synagogue of British Jews Reform Former MRJ member; JCR-UK records affiliation lapsed February 2023; not in MPJ directory [38]
Tikvah Chadasha (Brentwood Reform Synagogue) Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
Totnes Jewish Community Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]
The Wimbledon Synagogue Reform Listed in MPJ directory [53][38]

Affiliations

MRJ’s preserved explanatory website identifies the following institutional relationships:[6]

The World Zionist Organization lists the World Union for Progressive Judaism among its affiliated international Zionist organisations.[57] Westminster Synagogue is listed by JCR-UK as an unaffiliated Progressive congregation, rather than a constituent MPJ community.[38]

Contact

The movement’s website gives its institutional address as The Sternberg Centre for Judaism, 80 East End Road, London N3 2SY, and telephone number 020 8349 5640.[6] Companies House gives the registered office as Movement For Reform Judaism, 80 East End Road, Finchley, London N3 2SY.[2]

See also

External links

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 The Movement for Reform Judaism, Trustees’ annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025, The Movement for Reform Judaism, 22 July 2026, pp. 1–5, 7–11, 16–18, accessed 6 November 2026.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Companies House, The Movement for Reform Judaism (07431950): overview, Find and update company information, accessed 6 November 2026.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Charity Commission for England and Wales, The Movement for Reform Judaism: governance, Register of Charities, accessed 6 November 2026.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Charity Commission for England and Wales, The Movement for Reform Judaism: trustees, Register of Charities, accessed 6 November 2026.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 The Movement for Reform Judaism, History made as Progressive Judaism forms, The Movement for Reform Judaism, 18 May 2025, accessed 6 November 2026.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 The Movement for Reform Judaism, What was MRJ?, The Movement for Reform Judaism, accessed 6 November 2026.
  7. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 63.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 64.
  9. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 62.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 65.
  11. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 66.
  12. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 67.
  13. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 68.
  14. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 69.
  15. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 70.
  16. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 73.
  17. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 77.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 75.
  19. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 76.
  20. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 74.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 81.
  22. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 82.
  23. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 83.
  24. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 84.
  25. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 85.
  26. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 86.
  27. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 87.
  28. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 88.
  29. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 79.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 80.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 360.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, pp. 360–361.
  33. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 361.
  34. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 216.
  35. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 271.
  36. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 336.
  37. ↑ The Movement for Reform Judaism, Liberal and Reform together launch alliance for Progressive Judaism, The Movement for Reform Judaism, 17 September 2014, accessed 6 November 2026.
  38. ↑ 38.00 38.01 38.02 38.03 38.04 38.05 38.06 38.07 38.08 38.09 38.10 38.11 38.12 38.13 38.14 38.15 38.16 38.17 38.18 38.19 38.20 38.21 38.22 38.23 38.24 38.25 38.26 38.27 38.28 38.29 38.30 38.31 38.32 38.33 38.34 38.35 38.36 38.37 38.38 38.39 38.40 38.41 38.42 38.43 38.44 38.45 38.46 38.47 38.48 38.49 JCR-UK, Movement for Progressive Judaism, JewishGen, accessed 6 November 2026.
  39. ↑ The Movement for Progressive Judaism, What is The Movement for Progressive Judaism?, The Movement for Progressive Judaism, accessed 6 November 2026.
  40. ↑ The Movement for Progressive Judaism, MPJ Privacy Policy 2026, The Movement for Progressive Judaism, January 2026, p. 1, accessed 6 November 2026.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Josh Levy and Charley Baginsky, Statement on the possibility of UK action on settlement expansion, The Movement for Progressive Judaism, 1 September 2026, accessed 6 November 2026.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Charity Commission for England and Wales, The Movement for Reform Judaism: governing document, Register of Charities, accessed 6 November 2026.
  43. ↑ 43.00 43.01 43.02 43.03 43.04 43.05 43.06 43.07 43.08 43.09 43.10 Companies House, The Movement for Reform Judaism (07431950): officers, Find and update company information, accessed 6 November 2026.
  44. ↑ 44.00 44.01 44.02 44.03 44.04 44.05 44.06 44.07 44.08 44.09 44.10 44.11 44.12 44.13 44.14 44.15 44.16 44.17 44.18 44.19 44.20 44.21 44.22 The Movement for Reform Judaism, Leadership, The Movement for Reform Judaism, Wayback capture, 28 November 2021, accessed 6 November 2026.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 The Movement for Reform Judaism, Israel, The Movement for Reform Judaism, Wayback capture, 26 October 2021, accessed 6 November 2026.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 The Movement for Reform Judaism, Israel, The Movement for Reform Judaism, accessed 6 November 2026.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 The Movement for Reform Judaism, Alliance appoints Israel Desk coordinator, The Movement for Reform Judaism, 6 July 2017, accessed 6 November 2026.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Liberal Judaism, Alliance appoints Israel Desk coordinator, Liberal Judaism, 4 July 2017, accessed 6 November 2026.
  49. ↑ The Movement for Progressive Judaism, Our Relationship with Israel, The Movement for Progressive Judaism, accessed 6 November 2026.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 RSY-Netzer, What We Believe, RSY-Netzer, Wayback capture, 16 October 2021, accessed 6 November 2026.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 RSY-Netzer, What We Do, RSY-Netzer, accessed 6 November 2026.
  52. ↑ RSY-Netzer, Statement against the proposed annexation of West Bank Territories by the Israeli Government, X, 8 July 2020, accessed 6 November 2026.
  53. ↑ 53.00 53.01 53.02 53.03 53.04 53.05 53.06 53.07 53.08 53.09 53.10 53.11 53.12 53.13 53.14 53.15 53.16 53.17 53.18 53.19 53.20 53.21 53.22 53.23 53.24 53.25 53.26 53.27 53.28 53.29 53.30 53.31 53.32 53.33 53.34 53.35 53.36 53.37 53.38 53.39 53.40 53.41 53.42 53.43 53.44 53.45 53.46 The Movement for Progressive Judaism, Find a Community, The Movement for Progressive Judaism, accessed 6 November 2026.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 South Hampshire Reform Jewish Community, About SHRJC and how to contact us, South Hampshire Reform Jewish Community, accessed 6 November 2026.
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 The Movement for Progressive Judaism, Harlow and Chelmsford unite and create new combined community, The Movement for Progressive Judaism, 4 February 2026, accessed 6 November 2026.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Makor Hayim, Trustees’ report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025 Makor Hayim, pp. 2–3, accessed 6 November 2026.
  57. ↑ World Zionist Organization, International Zionist Organizations, World Zionist Organization, accessed 6 November 2026.
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