Manchester Reform Synagogue

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Reform-heritage synagogue in central Manchester, belonging to the Movement for Progressive Judaism

Manchester Reform Synagogue

Type Synagogue; registered charities
Founded 1856
Registration ID 1118957 and 1205446 (Charity Commission)
Headquarters Suite 1B, First Floor, Carlton House, 16–18 Albert Square, Manchester M2 5PE
Location Manchester
Registration England and Wales
Key people Scott Aaron (rabbi); Harold Weinstock (chair of Manchester Reform Congregation)
Website https://www.jacksonsrow.org/

Manchester Reform Synagogue, also known as Jackson’s Row, is a Reform-heritage congregation in central Manchester and a community of The Movement for Progressive Judaism.[1][2] The congregation dates its establishment to 1856; its operating charity is Manchester Reform Congregation, number 1118957, alongside a separately registered Manchester Reform Synagogue CIO, number 1205446, which the congregation’s 2025 report describes as dormant pending a planned transfer to a charitable incorporated organisation.[3] Rabbi Scott Aaron joined in July 2026.[4]

History

Michael Leigh’s history of British Reform Judaism dates the Manchester Congregation of British Jews to 1856 and describes the role of Tobias Theodores and the first minister, Solomon Marcus Schiller-Szinessy, in its establishment. Leigh dates the consecration of the Park Place synagogue to 25 March 1858.[5] JCR-UK instead gives a founding date of 1857, while the congregation’s annual report gives 1856.[1][3]

Kershen and Romain describe Manchester as the first provincial Reform community. They report that a Reform Association was established in the city on 17 February 1856, with David Hesse, Horatio Micholls and Tobias Theodores among its provisional committee, and that its resolutions called for the adoption of the Margaret Street (West London) prayer book, liturgy and ritual and the introduction of a choir. The Orthodox Halliwell Street committee and Chief Rabbi Nathan Adler would make only minor concessions, while the Reformers offered a single concession, retention of the Second Day of festivals; a site was acquired at the junction of Cheetham Hill Road and Park Place.[6] The foundation stone of what was first designated the Park Place Synagogue of British Jews of Manchester was laid in March 1857.[7] The synagogue was consecrated on 25 March 1858, to a design by Edward Salomons, with an organ and a mixed choir of forty; Kershen and Romain describe it as the first purpose-built British Reform synagogue, and say that the sexes were seated separately until 1938.[8][9]

According to Kershen and Romain, the Second Day was the point on which the congregation differed from West London Synagogue: because Manchester would not conform to West London’s requirements, Park Place was an associate rather than a branch, and the autonomy that resulted set the pattern for later Reform congregations. They write that conservatism held for two years, but that in 1860 those in favour of abolishing the Second Day prevailed and Schiller-Szinessy resigned in protest.[8][10] Gustav Gottheil, formerly third minister to the Reform community in Berlin, was the second minister; during a thirteen-year ministry he introduced confirmation services for boys and girls, a special memorial prayer on the Day of Atonement, a seven-year cycle of Torah readings and more English, and left in September 1873 for the Emanu-El Synagogue in New York.[11][12] Laurence Mark Simmons is described as the first English-born minister of the congregation; his ministry ended with his early death in 1900, and Kershen and Romain put the membership at 500 by the end of the century.[13]

In 1898 Morris Joseph, minister of West London, proposed a non-financial ‘federation’ of the three Reform synagogues in England. West London’s annual report recorded an ‘extremely unfavourable’ reply from Manchester, whose lay council said that the synagogue’s community and civic position was of far more importance than the proposed federation and gave as reasons that it did not want to disturb the harmony of the Manchester Jewish community, that a formal federation would highlight differences within Anglo-Jewry, and that its leaders wished to work for the unity of the whole of Anglo-Jewry.[14][15] Kershen and Romain write that the plan was not reconsidered until 1942, when the resolution to establish the Associated British Synagogues was passed at a meeting held in Manchester.[15] They also record that Alexander Levy of Manchester was listed as chairman of the movement in 1955.[16]


JCR-UK records that the Park Place building was destroyed in an air raid on 1 June 1941. After temporary premises, the congregation opened the Jackson’s Row synagogue in the early 1950s. Sharman Kadish describes the building, by Eric Levy and Peter Cummings, as a red-brick adaptation of the facade of Holy Law Synagogue.[1][17] The congregation held its final Sabbath service there on 26 November 2022 and a deconsecration service the following day.[1]

The congregation announced a move to Albert Square in August 2026.[18] Its 2025 accounts, approved in October 2026, describe a five-year lease on city-centre premises and continuing efforts to buy a building.[3]

Selected recent ministers
Minister Service recorded by JCR-UK Source
Reuven Silverman 1977–2022 [1]
Robyn Ashworth-Steen Associate rabbi from December 2018; subsequently principal rabbi until 2023 [1]
Scott Aaron From July 2026 [1]

Affiliation and governance

JCR-UK records the congregation as a founding member of the 1942 association which became The Movement for Reform Judaism, and as a constituent community of The Movement for Progressive Judaism from 1 January 2026.[1] An elected executive and council administer the synagogue; its constitution provides for trustees to be elected at the annual general meeting, with vacancies also filled by the executive and council subject to subsequent AGM approval.[3] The 2025 accounts record continuing merger discussions with Sha’arei Shalom, not a completed merger.[3]

Charity, officers and accounts

Registered charities

Manchester Reform Congregation, charity 1118957, was registered with the Charity Commission on 26 April 2007.[19] The register records its governing document as a constitution adopted on 9 December 1971, amended on 21 April 1998 and by a resolution dated 12 April 2026, with objects to advance the Jewish religion as oriented within the Reform and Progressive Jewish tradition, in particular by maintaining and operating a synagogue or synagogues and providing Jewish education.[20] Its register contact address is Suite 1B, First Floor, Carlton House, 16–18 Albert Square, Manchester M2 5PE.[21] For the year ended 31 December 2025 the register records four employees, five volunteers and ten trustees, with no trustee payments.[22] The congregation’s 2025 report, whose financial statements are those of Manchester Reform Congregation, describes the synagogue’s office staff, rabbis, services and investments.[3]

Manchester Reform Synagogue CIO, charity 1205446, was registered on 27 October 2023. Its governing document is an association-model CIO constitution, with objects of advancing the Jewish religion by maintaining a synagogue or synagogues and providing Jewish education within the Reform and Progressive tradition.[23][24] The CIO has the same register contact address as the congregation.[25] Companies House lists the CIO as an externally registered body, reference CE034088, pointing to charity registration 1205446.[26]

The CIO’s report for 2024, approved on 27 October 2025, records that it was dormant, lists Daniel Franks (chair), Eric Langer and Harold Weinstock as trustees, and says the trustees intended to complete a transfer of assets and membership from the existing congregation to the CIO within the next financial period and then to apply for closure of the existing entity.[27] Its report for 2025, approved on 22 July 2026, says that the CIO has not commenced operations and held no bank account, cash, investments, other assets or liabilities at the year end.[28] The congregation’s own 2025 report describes the CIO (under the name “Manchester Reform Congregation CIO”) as dormant and says that a resolution at the annual general meeting of 12 April 2026 started the process of transferring to it, with no date fixed (p. 7).[3] At 10 November 2026 the register still showed the congregation filing accounts with income of £1,120,938 and the CIO filing nil returns.[22][29]

The register also lists Eric Langer, David Leighton and Harold Weinstock as three of the four trustees of The Sustentation Fund, charity 228038.[30] The fund is constituted by a trust deed dated 29 June 1960, with objects to assist applicants in reduced circumstances and to provide financial assistance for educational or vocational training.[31] It was registered on 21 February 1964, removed on 9 September 2009 as not operating, and registered again on 5 October 2009.[32] Its register entry gives the same telephone number as the congregation’s.[33] The sources examined do not state the formal relationship between the fund and the congregation.

Officers and advisers

According to the congregation’s reports, an elected executive and council administer the synagogue and no trustee is paid.[3] The report for 2024 lists Daniel Franks as president and chairperson, Harold Weinstock as co-treasurer and custodian, Eric Langer as co-treasurer, and Daniel Savage, Louis Rapaport and Mark Levy (until 21 June 2024) as custodians.[34] The report for 2025 records that Franks resigned as president on 12 March 2026 and that Harold Weinstock, appointed by the council and executive to act as chairperson, was then appointed chair at the annual general meeting (p. 6).[3] The 2025 accounts were audited by Montague Kaye (report dated 21 October 2026), the 2024 accounts by the same firm, and the 2023 accounts by Chadwick & Company (Manchester) Limited (report dated 18 December 2024).[3][35] The 2025 report names Barclays and Investec as bankers and Rathbones Investment Managers as investment manager.[3] The register records the 2023 accounts as received on 13 February 2025, 105 days late.[36]

Trustees of Manchester Reform Congregation

Current trustees of charity 1118957
Trustee Role Appointment recorded by the Charity Commission End of trusteeship Source
Martin Simons Trustee 1 June 2026 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [37]
David Lewis Trustee 3 June 2025 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [37]
Anne Weinstock Trustee 3 June 2025 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [37]
Peter Rapaport Trustee 18 April 2024 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [37]
Eric Langer Trustee 3 August 2023 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [37]
Elliot Cohen Trustee 27 June 2023 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [37]
David Leighton Trustee 1 May 2022 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [37]
Janet Langer Trustee 1 May 2022 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [37]
Irene Gould Trustee 1 May 2022 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [37]
Dr Harold Weinstock Trustee 25 April 2017 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [37]

The annual report’s two trustee lists record the following former trustees. Where the report provides no appointment date, that is left unspecified. For Louis Rapaport, the list headed “Trustees and Other Information” (p. 3) gives “Resigned 31 December 2025”, while the later trustees list (p. 4) gives “Died 31 December 2025”; an obituary in The Jewish Chronicle gives his date of death as 31 December 2025.[3][38]

Former trustees named in the 2025 annual report
Trustee Appointment End of trusteeship Reason recorded Source
Daniel Franks Not stated 12 March 2026 Resigned [3]
Daniel Savage Not stated 29 July 2026 Resigned [3]
Louis Rapaport Not stated 31 December 2025 “Resigned” (p. 3); “Died” (p. 4) [3][38]
Darren Vaile Not stated 26 December 2025 Resigned [3]
Jack Morris Not stated 6 April 2025 Resigned [3]
Leona Vaile Not stated 6 April 2025 Resigned [3]
Martin Nelson Not stated 9 June 2025 Resigned [3]

The live register gives Martin Simons’s appointment as 1 June 2026; the annual report lists “Martin Simon” with an appointment date of 12 May 2026.[37][3]

Trustees of Manchester Reform Synagogue CIO

Current trustees of charity 1205446
Trustee Role Appointment recorded by the Charity Commission End of trusteeship Source
Peter Rapaport Trustee 23 July 2026 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [39]
Elliot Cohen Trustee 23 July 2026 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [39]
Martin Simons Trustee 23 July 2026 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [39]
Janet Violet Langer Trustee 23 July 2026 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [39]
Anne Josephine Weinstock Trustee 23 July 2026 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [39]
David Leighton Trustee 23 July 2026 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [39]
David Lewis Trustee 23 July 2026 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [39]
Eric Langer Trustee 17 October 2023 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [39]
Dr Harold Weinstock Trustee 17 October 2023 Listed as current on 6 November 2026 [39]

Accounts

The congregation and the CIO file separately; the CIO’s nil returns do not describe the operating congregation’s finances.[3][29] Figures below are those of the primary financial statements in each filing (statement of financial activities and balance sheet), with page numbers given in the text.

Manchester Reform Congregation (1118957): income, expenditure and funds, 2021–2025 (£)
Year ended 31 December Income Expenditure Net movement in funds Total funds at year end Source
2021 470,856 334,227 136,629 358,214 [40]
2022 452,872 382,837 70,035 428,249 [41]
2023 15,526,820 412,029 15,114,791 15,543,040 [35]
2024 1,001,331 380,292 621,039 16,164,079 [34]
2025 1,120,938 419,205 701,733 16,865,812 [3]

The 2024 report gives the 2023 comparatives as income of £15,526,803 and expenditure of £412,012, each £17 lower than in the 2023 filing.[34] The 2023 rise in income and funds followed the sale of the Jackson’s Row premises: the 2023 accounts record exchange of contracts on 5 July 2023 and completion on 23 August 2023, disposal proceeds of £15,005,922 and a net gain on disposal of £14,987,945 shown as other income (PDF pp. 5, 11, 13, 17).[35] JCR-UK records that a general meeting on 25 July 2021 approved a sale for £15 million.[1]

For 31 December 2025 the balance sheet (p. 14) shows fixed-asset investments of £12,305,420, current assets of £4,666,977 (stocks £66,258, debtors £117,915 and cash £4,482,804) and creditors due within one year of £106,585, giving net current assets of £4,560,392 and total funds of £16,865,812, of which £73,081 is restricted, £114,481 designated and £16,678,250 the general fund. Income comprised donations and legacies of £137,847 (including membership fees of £102,159; note 3.1, p. 18), charitable-activity income of £74,853 (including funeral receipts of £69,743; note 3.2, p. 18) and investment income of £908,238 (bank interest £429,678 and investment income £478,560; note 7, p. 19). The trustees’ report says that the funds are invested 60 per cent in gilts and bonds, 13 per cent in shares and 27 per cent in bank deposits, including fixed-rate deposits (p. 7). The auditor, Montague Kaye, gives an opinion that the financial statements give a true and fair view (pp. 10–12).[3] The Charity Commission register summary gives income of £1,120,938 and expenditure of £419,205 for the year.[22]

Some figures in the 2025 filing differ from one another, as follows.

Figures that differ within the 2025 filing of Manchester Reform Congregation (£)
Item Statement of financial activities, balance sheet or note Figure Other part of the filing Figure
Total income, 2025 Statement of financial activities (p. 13) 1,120,938 Note 16.2, analysis of movements on funds (p. 21) 1,122,782
Total expenditure, 2025 Statement of financial activities (p. 13) 419,205 Note 16.2 (p. 21) 421,049
Surplus for the year, 2025 Statement of financial activities (p. 13); trustees’ report (p. 7) 701,733 Trustees’ report, financial review (p. 6) 707,136
Net current assets, 31 December 2025 Balance sheet (p. 14) 4,560,392 Trustees’ report, reserves (p. 7) 16,871,215

Both note 16.2 totals exceed the statement of financial activities by £1,844, so the net movement shown by note 16.2 is also £701,733. The equivalent note in the 2024 filing (note 14.2, p. 20) likewise gives income of £1,001,491 and expenditure of £380,452, against £1,001,331 and £380,292 in that year’s statement of financial activities (p. 11).[34] The trustees’ reports for 2023 and 2024 also give “net current assets” of £15,543,040 and £16,164,079, which are the total funds in those years’ balance sheets; the balance sheets give net current assets of £15,506,040 (2023) and £7,460,486 (2024).[35][34] The figure of £16,871,215 in the 2025 trustees’ report is £5,403 above the balance sheet’s total funds, the same amount by which that report’s £707,136 surplus exceeds £701,733.[3]

Manchester Reform Synagogue CIO (1205446): separate returns (£)
Year ended 31 December Income Expenditure Source
2024 0 0 [29]
2025 0 0 [29]

Relations with Israel

The congregation’s own history leaflet describes its Hebrew name, Sha’ar Zion (“The gates of Zion”), and states that its connection to Israel and its communities is “deep and long lasting”.[42] Its links page includes the Britain Israel Communications and Research Centre and the Israel Movement for Reform and Progressive Judaism.[43]

For its 2026/5787 Kol Nidrei appeal, chair Harold Weinstock asked members to support Progressive Jewish Students, The Fed and Leket Israel. The appeal describes Leket’s food-rescue and distribution work; it does not give a total raised by the congregation.[44]

On 8 August 2026 the synagogue published a statement mourning the loss of life and displacement of innocent people throughout the Holy Land and calling for peace and reconciliation.[45] On 1 September 2026 it publicised The Movement for Progressive Judaism co-leads Charley Baginsky and Josh Levy’s commentary on Israeli settlement policies, under the heading “A time for moral clarity on Israeli settlements”.[46]

Earlier website announcements preserved by the Internet Archive include a 2019 course at Menorah Synagogue led by Clive Gilbert, examining Israeli and Palestinian accounts of the conflict, and a 2024 discussion series on Israel and the diaspora.[47][48] The 2024 archived page displayed an Israeli-flag thumbnail. Both original announcement URLs displayed “Page not found” when checked on 6 November 2026; the archived copies do not establish why the URLs ceased to work.[49][50]

See also

External links

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 David Shulman, Manchester Reform Synagogue, JCR-UK, accessed 6 November 2026.
  2. ↑ The Movement for Progressive Judaism, Find a Community, The Movement for Progressive Judaism, accessed 6 November 2026.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 Manchester Reform Congregation, Annual report and audited financial statements for the financial year ended 31 December 2025, Annual report and accounts, 20 October 2026, pp. 3–7, 13–16, 21–22, accessed 6 November 2026.
  4. ↑ Manchester Reform Synagogue, Welcome Rabbi Scott Aaron, Manchester Reform Synagogue, 17 July 2026, accessed 6 November 2026.
  5. ↑ Michael Leigh, ‘Reform Judaism in Britain (1840–1970)’, in Dow Marmur (ed.), Reform Judaism: Essays on Reform Judaism in Britain, Reform Synagogues of Great Britain, 1973, pp. 36–38, accessed 6 November 2026.
  6. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 63.
  7. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 64.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 65.
  9. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 66.
  10. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 67.
  11. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 68.
  12. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 69.
  13. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 70.
  14. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 80.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 81.
  16. ↑ Anne J. Kershen and Jonathan A. Romain, Tradition and Change: A History of Reform Judaism in Britain, 1840–1995, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1995, p. 362.
  17. ↑ Sharman Kadish, Jewish Heritage in England: An Architectural Guide, Swindon: English Heritage, 2006, p. 152, accessed 6 November 2026.
  18. ↑ Manchester Reform Synagogue, Our home in the very heart of Manchester City Centre, Manchester Reform Synagogue, 8 August 2026, accessed 6 November 2026.
  19. ↑ Charity Commission for England and Wales, Manchester Reform Congregation: governance, Register of Charities, accessed 6 November 2026.
  20. ↑ Charity Commission for England and Wales, Manchester Reform Congregation: governing document, Register of Charities, accessed 10 November 2026.
  21. ↑ Charity Commission for England and Wales, Manchester Reform Congregation: contact information, Register of Charities, accessed 6 November 2026.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Charity Commission for England and Wales, Manchester Reform Congregation: charity overview, Register of Charities, accessed 10 November 2026.
  23. ↑ Charity Commission for England and Wales, Manchester Reform Synagogue CIO: governance, Register of Charities, accessed 6 November 2026.
  24. ↑ Charity Commission for England and Wales, Manchester Reform Synagogue CIO: governing document, Register of Charities, accessed 6 November 2026.
  25. ↑ Charity Commission for England and Wales, Manchester Reform Synagogue CIO: contact information, Register of Charities, accessed 6 November 2026.
  26. ↑ Companies House, Manchester Reform Synagogue CIO (CE034088), Find and update company information, accessed 6 November 2026.
  27. ↑ Manchester Reform Synagogue CIO, Trustees’ Annual Report and Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2024, Annual report and accounts, approved 27 October 2025, pp. 1–4, accessed 10 November 2026.
  28. ↑ Manchester Reform Synagogue CIO, Trustees’ Annual Report and Annual Accounts for the financial year ended 31 December 2025, Annual report and accounts, approved 22 July 2026, pp. 1–3, accessed 10 November 2026.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 Charity Commission for England and Wales, Manchester Reform Synagogue CIO: financial history, Register of Charities, accessed 6 November 2026.
  30. ↑ Charity Commission for England and Wales, The Sustentation Fund (228038): trustees, Register of Charities, accessed 10 November 2026.
  31. ↑ Charity Commission for England and Wales, The Sustentation Fund (228038): governing document, Register of Charities, accessed 10 November 2026.
  32. ↑ Charity Commission for England and Wales, The Sustentation Fund (228038): governance, Register of Charities, accessed 10 November 2026.
  33. ↑ Charity Commission for England and Wales, The Sustentation Fund (228038): contact information, Register of Charities, accessed 10 November 2026.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 Manchester Reform Congregation, Annual Report and Audited Financial Statements for the financial year ended 31 December 2024, Annual report and accounts, 28 October 2025, pp. 3–6, 11–13, 20, accessed 10 November 2026.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 Manchester Reform Synagogue, Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2023, Annual report and accounts, 17 December 2024, PDF pp. 2, 4–6, 8–13, 17, 20–24, accessed 10 November 2026.
  36. ↑ Charity Commission for England and Wales, Manchester Reform Congregation: accounts and annual returns, Register of Charities, accessed 10 November 2026.
  37. ↑ 37.00 37.01 37.02 37.03 37.04 37.05 37.06 37.07 37.08 37.09 37.10 Charity Commission for England and Wales, Manchester Reform Congregation (1118957): trustees, Register of Charities, accessed 6 November 2026.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 The Jewish Chronicle, Obituary: Louis Rapaport, The Jewish Chronicle, 18 February 2026, accessed 10 November 2026.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 39.5 39.6 39.7 39.8 Charity Commission for England and Wales, Manchester Reform Synagogue CIO (1205446): trustees, Register of Charities, accessed 6 November 2026.
  40. ↑ Manchester Reform Synagogue, Annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2021, Annual report and accounts, PDF pp. 12–13, accessed 10 November 2026.
  41. ↑ Manchester Reform Synagogue, Annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022, Annual report and accounts, PDF pp. 12–13, accessed 10 November 2026.
  42. ↑ Manchester Reform Synagogue, Manchester Reform Synagogue: history and community, Manchester Reform Synagogue, 2025, p. 1, accessed 6 November 2026.
  43. ↑ Harold Weinstock, Kol Nidrei Appeal 2026 / 5787, Manchester Reform Synagogue, accessed 6 November 2026.
  44. ↑ Manchester Reform Synagogue, We stand united with Humanity, Manchester Reform Synagogue, 8 August 2026, accessed 6 November 2026.
  45. ↑ Manchester Reform Synagogue, Movement for Reform Judaism statement: A time for moral clarity on Israeli settlements, Manchester Reform Synagogue, 1 September 2026, accessed 6 November 2026.
  46. ↑ Manchester Reform Synagogue, Israel and Palestine: Land and People, Nation and State, Manchester Reform Synagogue, 29 August 2019; Wayback capture, 22 September 2019, accessed 6 November 2026.
  47. ↑ Manchester Reform Synagogue, Israel and the Diaspora, Manchester Reform Synagogue, 1 September 2024; Wayback capture, 10 September 2024, accessed 6 November 2026.
  48. ↑ Manchester Reform Synagogue, Former Israel and Palestine announcement URL: Page not found, Manchester Reform Synagogue, accessed 6 November 2026.
  49. ↑ Manchester Reform Synagogue, Former Israel and the Diaspora announcement URL: Page not found, Manchester Reform Synagogue, accessed 6 November 2026.
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