Black Cube

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Black Cube
Trade name
Logo Black Cube logo.jpg
Type Private (Israeli parent B.C. Strategy Ltd, company 514587591; English subsidiary B.C. Strategy UK Ltd, company 08153977)
Founded 7 March 2011 (as Zorella Ltd, Tel Aviv); some reports give 2010
Founder(s)
Defunct
Headquarters 23 Yehuda Halevi Street, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel (Discount Bank Tower)
Industry Private intelligence; litigation support; asset tracing
Services
Parent
Subsidiaries B.C. Strategy UK Ltd
Revenue
Number of employees About 200 (May 2026)
Homepage

Black Cube is an Israeli private intelligence firm founded in 2011 by Dan Zorella and Avi Yanus. It is staffed largely by veterans of Israeli military intelligence, the Mossad and the Shin Bet, and is known for undercover operations using false identities against targets including Harvey Weinstein's accusers, Obama administration officials, Hungarian NGOs and Romania's anti-corruption prosecutor.

Black Cube says it "was founded in 2011 by veterans of elite Israeli Intelligence Units", that it helps clients "win their high-stakes disputes", and that it has handled more than 620 cases in over 80 countries (the firm's own website).[1] It trades through an Israeli company, B.C. Strategy Ltd, and an English subsidiary, B.C. Strategy UK Ltd.[2] Its late honorary president was the former Mossad director Meir Dagan, and its advisory board has included a second former Mossad head, Efraim Halevi, and the former national security adviser Giora Eiland.[3][1]

Its operatives have been convicted in Romania, and in 2022 its two founders accepted suspended sentences there by plea agreement.[4] In March 2026 Slovenia's intelligence agency named Zorella, Eiland and a third Black Cube representative in connection with alleged interference in that country's election.[5]

Founding and early funding

Globes reported in 2017 that Black Cube was founded in 2011 by Dan Zorella, originally from Haifa, who had served in an elite unit of IDF Military Intelligence (Aman), and Dr Avi Yanus. Both were then in their early thirties and had met while studying management and economics at the Technion. Zorella went on to an MBA at Tel Aviv University, Yanus completed a doctorate and moved to London to run the European investigations, and the late Meir Dagan advised the firm from its founding and later became its honorary president.[3] NBC News also gives 2011.[6] Some outlets give 2010, including Calcalist and the Jerusalem Post.[7][8] The Israeli register gives B.C. Strategy Ltd an incorporation date of 7 March 2011.[9] None of the sources reviewed for this page places the founders in Unit 8200. The military background they give is IDF Military Intelligence generally.

Vincent Tchenguiz

The firm's first major client, and by his own account a co-founder in all but name, was the London property investor Vincent Tchenguiz.[3] According to a 2013 lawsuit filed in Tel Aviv by his company Vincos Ltd and reported by the Times of Israel, Tchenguiz met Zorella in 2010, when Zorella was said to be working for the web-intelligence firm Businessscope, in which a Tchenguiz company held 17 per cent. After the Serious Fraud Office raided Tchenguiz's home and office on 10 March 2011 over the collapse of Kaupthing Bank, he turned to Zorella. Three days earlier, on 7 March 2011, Zorella had registered Zorella Ltd, which was later renamed B.C. Strategy Ltd.[10]

The complaint said Vincos paid Black Cube £844,790 between December 2011 and December 2012 on a cost-plus-15-per-cent basis. Under a February 2012 agreement it held a five-year option on 49 per cent of the company. The UK arm also used a London office owned by Tchenguiz for a nominal £1 a month. The firm's main project for him, code-named "Athena", was research into Kaupthing.[10] In 2014 the SFO dropped its case against Tchenguiz and paid him damages.[10]

The relationship broke down in early 2013. Tchenguiz threw Black Cube staff out of his Park Lane office and accused them of "a wholesale fraud". Black Cube sued him in London for unpaid bills of about £330,000, and he sued in Tel Aviv for £924,790. Both claims were settled in April 2013 on undisclosed terms.[11][10] The 2013 filings also show that Black Cube applied, with Tchenguiz's support, for a Magnet/Meimad dual-use technology grant from Israel's Economy Ministry. The ministry would not say whether a grant was paid.[10]

Corporate structure

Black Cube companies
# Company Number Jurisdiction Registered address Incorporated Notes
1 B.C. Strategy Ltd (בי.סי. אסטרטגיה בע"מ) 514587591 Israel 23 Yehuda Halevi Street, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel 7 March 2011 Parent company, originally Zorella Ltd. Holds 75 per cent or more of the UK company[9][10][2]
2 B.C. Strategy UK Ltd 08153977 England and Wales Dashwood House, 69 Old Broad Street, Bishopsgate, London, England, EC2M 1QS 24 July 2012 Active. Sole director: Dr Avi Yanus, appointed 24 July 2012. Persons with significant control: B.C. Strategy Ltd, Avi Yanus and Dan Zorella, all notified 6 April 2016[12][13][2]

The website's terms of use name B.C. Strategy UK Limited, at Dashwood House, as the operator ("Black Cube"), but make them governed by Israeli law with exclusive jurisdiction in the Tel Aviv courts.[14] The firm lists offices in Tel Aviv (Discount Bank Tower, 23 Yehuda HaLevi Street), London (Dashwood House, 69 Old Broad Street), Madrid (Torre Europa, Paseo de la Castellana 95) and Singapore (Marina Bay Financial Centre, 8 Marina Boulevard).[1] In May 2026 Globes reported that the company, with about 200 staff and some 40 more being recruited, had leased a second floor of the Discount Tower for NIS 2 million a year.[8]

Methods

Black Cube describes its work as human intelligence (HUMINT) gathered to "secure hard evidence even when no paper trail exists".[1] In a 2019 interview, adviser Giora Eiland said the firm used just two methods, human sources and open sources, and that its agents posed as other people to get suspects to talk.[15] In the documented cases, the cover was usually a fake investment or consultancy firm:

  • Reuben Capital Partners, used against Harvey Weinstein's accusers.[16]
  • Tauro Capital, used in Hungary, supported by LinkedIn accounts and websites that were deleted after the meetings.[17]
  • Parvus Capital, used against Evolution.[18]

The Weinstein contract promised "avatar operators" to create fake social-media identities.[16] In December 2021 Meta removed about 300 Facebook and Instagram accounts it attributed to Black Cube. The accounts posed as graduate students, NGO and human-rights workers, and film and TV producers, and tried to obtain targets' email addresses, "likely for later phishing attacks". Black Cube said it "does not undertake any phishing or hacking".[19][20]

Operations

The table lists operations attributed to Black Cube in court records, official statements or substantial press investigations. Black Cube's policy is "never to confirm or deny" its clients,[17] and where it has denied an operation, that is noted.

# Year Target / client Country Summary Source
1 2011–13 Client: Vincent Tchenguiz UK, Iceland "Athena" research into Kaupthing Bank for Tchenguiz's fight with the Serious Fraud Office. It ended in a fee dispute and cross-suits, settled in April 2013 [10][11]
2 2012–14 Client: Israeli Defence Ministry Israel The IDF and Defence Ministry acknowledged hiring Black Cube for intelligence projects, and the firm was allowed to operate from a Military Intelligence base [21]
3 2014 Client: Nochi Dankner; target: Moti Ben-Moshe Israel Hired by Dankner, with Barlev Investigative Auditing, to examine the finances of the new co-controller of IDB Holding. The findings were filed in Dankner's court bid to reverse the loss of IDB [22]
4 2014 Client: Idan Ofer; target: Yair Lapid and officials Israel Channel 12's Uvda reported that Ofer hired the firm to get material on the finance minister and officials dealing with tax on gas finds. Black Cube denied it. Ofer's spokesman said the contract was brief and its results were not used [23][24]
5 2015–18 Client: Bank Hapoalim; target: estate of Motti Zisser Israel and abroad Black Cube uncovered family assets for the bank. In February 2018 the heirs agreed to pay Hapoalim NIS 95 million [25]
6 2015–16 Reported client: President Joseph Kabila DR Congo Uvda reported an operation to monitor Kabila's opponents. Black Cube denied it. See Black Cube in the Democratic Republic of Congo [26][27][28]
7 2016 Target: Laura Codruța Kövesi and people close to her Romania An operation to discredit the head of the anti-corruption directorate (DNA), including illegal access to email accounts. Two operatives were convicted in 2016–17 and the founders in 2022. See Romania [29][4]
8 2016–17 Client: Harvey Weinstein, through the law firm Boies Schiller Flexner United States Undercover approaches to Rose McGowan and to journalists, to stop publication of the New York Times story and to obtain McGowan's book. See Weinstein [16][30]
9 2017 Target: retired judge Frank Newbould Canada An operative posing as a prospective client recorded Newbould at a Toronto restaurant in September 2017 and apparently tried to draw antisemitic remarks from him. Newbould had been the trial judge in Catalyst Capital v West Face Capital. Catalyst said a subcontractor of a firm it hired carried out the sting, without its knowledge [31]
10 2017–18 Targets: Ben Rhodes and Colin Kahl (Obama officials) United States Operatives approached the officials' wives under false identities, seeking material to discredit the Iran nuclear deal. The Observer said people in the Trump camp were behind it. Black Cube denied any Trump link [32][6]
11 2017–18 Targets: NGOs linked to George Soros Hungary Between December 2017 and March 2018, agents under false identities secretly recorded NGO staff. The recordings appeared in Magyar Idők and were used by Viktor Orbán before the April 2018 election. Migration Aid's director photographed the operatives. Black Cube would not comment [17][33]
12 Reported 2019 Client: Oro Negro; target: Pemex Mexico Eiland said the firm gathered evidence of a bribery demand at the state oil company, on instructions from a large American law firm [15]
13 Reported 2019 Target: Ofra Strauss Israel Uvda reported a Black Cube intelligence operation against the Strauss Group chair. Former Strauss executives linked it to the company's 2013 dispute with TPG. Uvda also reported that Hot, Bezeq and Israel Chemicals had hired Black Cube [34]
14 2021–24 Client: Playtech; target: Evolution AB UK, Sweden, United States A covert investigation of whether Evolution served prohibited markets. It led to a 2021 complaint to the New Jersey gaming regulator. See Playtech [35][36]
15 2024 Proposed client: Israeli Diaspora Affairs Ministry; target: Students for Justice in Palestine Israel, United States Minister Amichai Chikli met Zorella and Eiland in June 2024 about a possible probe of the US campus group. Both sides said it was dropped. Black Cube said it "never planned to act" against US student or protest groups [37][38]
16 2025–26 Alleged: election interference Slovenia On 10–11 December 2025 Black Cube representatives visited the SDS party headquarters in Ljubljana. In March 2026 SOVA named Giora Eiland, Liron Tzur and Dan Zorella. See Black Cube in Slovenia [5][39]
17 Reported 2022 Alleged target: opponents of Dan Gertler around President Tshisekedi DR Congo Africa Intelligence reported a sting on Tshisekedi's adviser Vidiye Tshimanga and others who had clashed with Gertler. Congolese coverage said the intelligence agency was considering whether Black Cube was involved. Black Cube said it had "never worked" with Gertler or Kabila, and Gertler denied using it. OCCRP found no evidence that Black Cube was involved in the Tshimanga recordings [40][41][42]

Weinstein

On 28 October 2016 Boies Schiller Flexner, for Harvey Weinstein, wired the firm the first $100,000 of what became a $600,000 invoice. A contract of 11 July 2017, bearing David Boies’s signature, set the aim as intelligence to “completely stop the publication of a new negative article in a leading NY newspaper,” and to obtain the content of a book then being written about him. The agency supplied an agent under the name "Anna". As "Diana Filip" of Reuben Capital Partners she met Rose McGowan, and as "Anna" she met Ben Wallace, a journalist at New York magazine. The firm also supplied avatar operators to build false social-media identities.[16] In 2019 Ronan Farrow identified the agent as Stella Penn Pechanac.[30] A further $300,000 was payable if publication was stopped. The New York Times and New Yorker stories ran in October 2017, so that fee was not earned.[16] According to the Real News Network (critical), Weinstein reportedly took Black Cube on the recommendation of the former prime minister Ehud Barak.[43] In 2018 a source told Ynet that the firm regretted taking Weinstein as a client.[44] The criminal cases against Weinstein are covered on the Harvey Weinstein page.

Idan Ofer

In June 2019 Channel 12’s Uvda reported that Idan Ofer had hired the firm in 2014 to gather material on the finance minister, Yair Lapid, and on officials dealing with tax on natural-gas finds. According to the programme, the aim was to smear them and head off a tax rise that would cut his companies’ profits.[23] Haaretz carried the same account.[24] Black Cube denied it, said it had never met Ofer or targeted politicians, judges or regulators, and sued the programme. Ofer's spokesman confirmed a brief contract but said its intelligence was not used.[23] That same month Efraim Halevi told the Wall Street Journal that Romania had been the only case in which Black Cube worked for a politically motivated client.[45] If Uvda’s account is right, the 2014 approach over an Israeli tax decision would be a second. More detail is on the Idan Ofer page.

Playtech

In 2021 London-listed Playtech, under chief executive Mor Weizer, hired the firm to investigate whether the Swedish supplier Evolution was taking play from prohibited markets.[35][36] In a deposition, Avi Yanus said the opening fee was £400,000 for three months. Operatives posed as investors, including through a fictitious firm called Parvus Capital, and recorded Evolution staff.[18] Success fees followed:

  • £150,000 for the evidence.
  • £175,000 when Bloomberg reported the complaint, a story Yanus called “a beautiful piece of article”.
  • £350,000 when the New Jersey regulator opened an inquiry.[18]
  • A further £500,000, conditional on Evolution losing its licence, was not paid.[35]

Evolution put the total at more than £1.8 million. The regulator closed its case in 2024. In September 2025 the New Jersey Superior Court called Black Cube’s 2021 report “objectively baseless” and ordered the firm to name its client.[36][18] When Evolution named Playtech on 21 October 2025, Playtech’s shares fell by as much as 39 per cent. Playtech said it stood by its decision to commission the report.[46] The fee schedule is on the Playtech page.

Romania

In 2016 Black Cube was hired, through former Romanian intelligence (SRI) officer Daniel Dragomir, to find material discrediting Laura Codruța Kövesi, then head of Romania's anti-corruption directorate (DNA). Dragomir had been indicted by the DNA. Globes cited material from Zorella's deposition, as published by the Romanian paper EVZ. According to that material, Dragomir convinced Zorella that the work had the backing of the president and the SRI chief.[3][29] Two employees, Ron Weiner and David Geclowicz, were arrested in Bucharest in April 2016.[29] On 16 November 2016 the Bucharest Tribunal approved Geclowicz's plea agreement with prosecutors (DIICOT) and gave him two years and eight months, suspended.[47][29]

On 26 January 2017 the Bucharest Court of Appeal gave Weiner a final sentence of two years and eight months, suspended under three years' supervision. He had admitted:

  • forming an organised criminal group;
  • illegal access to a computer system;
  • unauthorised data transfer;
  • computer forgery;
  • violating the secrecy of correspondence.

The victims were people close to Kövesi. An arrest warrant was issued in absentia for a third employee.[29]

In March 2022 the Bucharest Tribunal convicted Dan Zorella, Avi Yanus and Gal Farchi on plea agreements. Each received two years and eleven months, suspended, with three years' supervision. Zorella was also ordered to do 60 days' community service, and the court ordered £115,000 confiscated.[4][38] After the scandals the firm set up a client-screening system that sorted clients green, yellow or red.[44] In 2021 Adrian Leppard said his understanding was that the firm had believed it was working for Romanian intelligence.[48]

Legal cases

# Year Case Court Outcome Source
1 2013 Black Cube v Tchenguiz; Vincos Ltd v B.C. Strategy Ltd, B.C. Strategy UK Ltd, Zorella and Yanus High Court, London; Tel Aviv District Court Black Cube claimed about £330,000 in unpaid fees. Vincos claimed £924,790 for alleged fraud. Both settled in April 2013 on undisclosed terms [11][10]
2 2016–17 Romanian state v Weiner and Geclowicz Bucharest Tribunal; Bucharest Court of Appeal Plea agreements. Each received two years and eight months, suspended [47][29]
3 2019–20 B.C. Strategy UK Ltd v Keshet Broadcasting and five Uvda journalists (libel, £15m) High Court, Queen's Bench Division, London Black Cube discontinued the claim on 16 November 2020. On 17 November Mr Justice Saini ordered it to make an interim payment of £350,000 towards the defendants' costs [49]
4 2022 Romanian state v Zorella, Yanus and Farchi Bucharest Tribunal Plea agreements. Each received two years and eleven months, suspended, with £115,000 confiscated [4]
5 2025– Evolution v Calcagni & Kanefsky and Black Cube (defamation, trade libel) New Jersey Superior Court Black Cube was added as a defendant on 11 June 2025. In September 2025 the court ordered it to name its client and called its report "objectively baseless". In June 2026 a motion to add Playtech was denied, and a hearing was set for November 2026 [36][50]

In Israel, the Israeli Bureau of Private Investigators complained to police in November 2017 that Black Cube was carrying out private investigations without a licence and gathering evidence by illegal means. Black Cube denied this. The Defence Ministry accepted the firm's statement that it did not export military know-how, and so did not require an export licence.[10]

Recent developments (2025–2026)

  • Playtech and Evolution. Evolution named Playtech as the client in October 2025, and the Financial Times published Yanus's deposition in November.[46][35] On 15 June 2026 EGR reported that the New Jersey court had refused Evolution's request to add Playtech as a defendant, leaving the existing hearing in November.[50]
  • Slovenia. On 17 March 2026, days before the general election, the 8 March Institute alleged that Zorella and Eiland had met the opposition leader Janez Janša in Ljubljana. Janša denied any meeting.[39] On 20 March SOVA director Joško Kadivnik presented evidence linking Giora Eiland, Liron Tzur and Dan Zorella to the 10–11 December 2025 visit to the SDS headquarters at Trstenjakova ulica 8. Police said they were investigating unlawful audio and video recording, bribery, abuse of office, disclosure of classified information and offences against honour and reputation.[5] On 10 July 2026 the government released part of a German forensic report finding that every file in the leaked recordings had been processed, with no sign of AI generation. The same day the National Assembly again rejected an opposition inquiry.[51] On 9 October 2026 the opposition withdrew its request for an inquiry, which had been due for a vote on 12 October.[52] More detail is on Black Cube in Slovenia.
  • Expansion. In May 2026 the company leased a second floor in Tel Aviv's Discount Tower and was recruiting about 40 staff.[8]

Personnel

Giora Eiland, former national security adviser, has advised the firm since about 2017. In October 2019 he told Globes that the Oro Negro job against Pemex was a typical operation: a price cut after a refused bribe, with no paper trail, and an instruction that came not from the client but from a large American law firm. He said the firm had ethical boundaries, that many of its people had come from the Shin Bet and Mossad, and that its methods were human intelligence and open sources, including impersonation. He named Efraim Halevi and Yohanan Danino as senior advisers.[15] In June 2024 he attended the meeting with Minister Chikli.[38] In March 2026 Slovenia's intelligence agency, SOVA, officially named him as one of three Black Cube representatives linked to the December 2025 visit to the SDS headquarters in Ljubljana.[5] The interview is on the Giora Eiland page.

In November 2018 Efraim Halevi, Mossad director from 1998 to 2002, joined the board to head a client-screening committee and to advise on operations. Ynet reported that the firm regretted having taken Harvey Weinstein, and that clients would be sorted green, yellow and red, with yellow cases going to his committee. Halevi himself said that it was "not a senior position".[44] In June 2019 he told the Wall Street Journal that the Romania job against Laura Codruța Kövesi had been the only politically motivated client, and that the firm no longer worked for any government or on politically directed cases.[45] More is on the Efraim Halevi page.

Adrian Leppard, Commissioner of the City of London Police from 2011 to 2015, joined the advisory board in December 2020, and Intelligence Online reported the appointment in January 2021.[48][53] In February 2021 he told the Financial Times that police cuts had created a "business need for private investigation". He also said that under the firm's new ethics rules it would not take sexual-harassment cases or clients who were violent criminals, and that it no longer used offensive cyber techniques such as hacking.[48][18] The Weinstein engagement (2016–17) and the Romania hacking (2016) both predated those rules. In December 2021 Intelligence Online reported that his business interests were flourishing as the firm's were.[54] His police career and company interests are on the Adrian Leppard page.

Founders, executives, advisers and named operatives (public record only)
# Name Role with Black Cube Period Background Source
1 Dan Zorella Co-founder, chief executive 2011– Elite unit of IDF Military Intelligence (Aman). Convicted in Romania in 2022 on a plea agreement. Named by SOVA in 2026 [3][4][5]
2 Avi Yanus Co-founder; sole director of B.C. Strategy UK Ltd 2011– PhD; IDF background (Globes). Convicted in Romania in 2022 on a plea agreement [3][13][4]
3 Meir Dagan Adviser from founding; honorary president 2011–2016 (died 2016) Director of the Mossad 2002–2012 (firm's dates) [3][1][38]
4 Efraim Halevi Board/advisory board; head of client-screening committee 2018– Director of the Mossad 1998–2002 [44][1]
5 Giora Eiland Adviser, advisory board c. 2017– Major general (ret.); head of the National Security Council [15][1]
6 Yohanan Danino Senior adviser, advisory board By 2019– Former Israel Police Commissioner; later chairman of Migdal Insurance [15][1]
7 Adrian Leppard Advisory board December 2020– Commissioner, City of London Police 2011–2015 [48][1]
8 Rose Lopez Keravuori Advisory board Listed 2026 Brigadier general (ret.), US Army; former director of intelligence at US Africa Command (firm's description) [1]
9 Asher Tishler Board/advisory board Listed 2017 and 2026 Professor; former president of the College of Management Academic Studies; former dean of Tel Aviv University's Faculty of Management [3][1]
10 Itiel Maayan Advisory board Listed 2026 Technology executive; chief architect at AT&T (firm's description) [1]
11 Golan Malka Board (former) Listed 2017 Lieutenant colonel (res.); former vice-president of marketing at NICE Systems [3]
12 Mati Leshem Board (former) Listed 2017 Brigadier general (res.); recipient of the Israel Defense Prize [3]
13 Liron Tzur Representative 2025 Named by Slovenia's SOVA as one of three Black Cube representatives linked to the December 2025 Ljubljana visit [5]
14 Gal Farchi Executive 2016 Convicted in Romania in 2022 on a plea agreement, alongside the founders [4]
15 Ron Weiner Operative 2016 Arrested in Bucharest in April 2016; final conviction January 2017 [29]
16 David Geclowicz Operative 2016 Arrested in Bucharest in April 2016; convicted November 2016 [47]
17 Stella Penn Pechanac Operative 2016–17 Identified by Ronan Farrow in 2019 as the agent who used the aliases "Anna" and "Diana Filip" in the Weinstein job [30]

Another board member, Paul Reyniers, a former Price Waterhouse partner and risk-management specialist, was listed in Romanian coverage in 2016 but is not on the firm's current website.[55][1]

Related Israeli firms

Calcalist grouped Black Cube with Psy-Group, NSO Group and Fifth Dimension as Israeli intelligence firms that, "through their executives, employees, and advisors", all had "strong links to Israeli army intelligence units and the country’s national intelligence agencies, Mossad and Shin Bet".[7] The Real News Network (critical) compared it with NSO and Psy-Group.[43] For other firms founded by veterans of Israeli military and intelligence units, including Intellexa (founded by Tal Dilian) and BlackCore, see Cyber and tech firms founded by ex Unit 8200 or occupation forces veterans.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 About us, Black Cube website (the firm's own material), accessed 17 October 2026.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Persons with significant control: B.C. Strategy UK Ltd, Companies House, accessed 17 October 2026.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Hadas Magen, Black Cube - a "Mossad-style" business intelligence co, Globes, 2 April 2017.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Alex Costache, Şefii Black Cube, condamnați la câte 2 ani și 11 luni de detenție cu suspendare în dosarul spionării fostei şefe DNA, Laura Codruţa Kovesi (Black Cube bosses each given 2 years 11 months suspended in the case of spying on former DNA chief Laura Codruța Kövesi), G4Media, 20 March 2022.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Government Communication Office, New findings on foreign interference in Slovenia’s elections, Government of the Republic of Slovenia, 20 March 2026.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Richard Engel, Aggelos Petropoulos and Kennett Werner, Black Cube: Inside the shadowy Israeli firm accused of trying to undermine the Iran deal, NBC News, 25 May 2018.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Amarelle Wenkert, A Rundown of Israeli Spy Firms and Surveillance Outfits, Calcalist (CTech), 15 November 2018.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Arik Mirovsky, Black Cube doubles office space in Tel Aviv, Jerusalem Post/Globes, 20 May 2026.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 בי.סי. אסטרטגיה בע״מ (B.C. Strategy Ltd), company 514587591, Open Budget (mirror of the Israeli Registrar of Companies), accessed 17 October 2026.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 ToI Staff, Cambridge Analytica-linked businessman helped start Black Cube, lawsuit claims, Times of Israel, 23 August 2018.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Simon Bowers, Vincent Tchenguiz settles Black Cube legal dispute, The Guardian, 22 April 2013.
  12. ↑ B.C. Strategy UK Ltd, company 08153977, Companies House, accessed 17 October 2026.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Officers: B.C. Strategy UK Ltd, Companies House, accessed 17 October 2026.
  14. ↑ Terms of Use, Black Cube website (the firm's own material), accessed 17 October 2026.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Yuval Azulai, "Black Cube has ethical boundaries", Globes, 24 October 2019.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 Ronan Farrow, Harvey Weinstein’s Army of Spies, The New Yorker, 6 November 2017.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Lili Bayer, Israeli intelligence firm targeted NGOs during Hungary’s election campaign, Politico Europe, 6 July 2018.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 MC World Desk, Inside Black Cube: How the intelligence firm made millions from corporate investigations, Moneycontrol (summarising the Financial Times), 4 November 2025.
  19. ↑ Facebook takes down accounts for seven "cyber-mercenary" firms, The Record, 16 December 2021.
  20. ↑ Facebook exposes mercenary spy firms that targeted 50,000 people, Reuters, 16 December 2021.
  21. ↑ Gur Megiddo, Israel Hired Black Cube, Allowing Spy Firm to Operate Out of Military Intel Base, Haaretz, 22 August 2019.
  22. ↑ Efrat Peretz, Investigating the investigators, Globes, 3 February 2014.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 AP and ToI Staff, Israeli tycoon hired Black Cube to smear Yair Lapid in 2014 — report, Times of Israel, 7 June 2019.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Ora Coren, Israeli Tycoon Hired Spy Firm to Get Dirt on Finance Minister, Report Says, Haaretz, 4 June 2019.
  25. ↑ Ela Levi-Weinrib, Zissers heirs to pay Hapoalim NIS 95m, Globes, 15 February 2018.
  26. ↑ RDC: le drôle de démenti de la société israélienne Black Cube (DRC: the strange denial of the Israeli firm Black Cube), RFI, 11 June 2019.
  27. ↑ Israeli ‘21st-century mercenaries’ spied for DR Congo’s Kabila, report says, France 24, 10 June 2019.
  28. ↑ RDC: quand Joseph Kabila utilisait des anciens du Mossad contre l'opposition (DRC: when Joseph Kabila used Mossad veterans against the opposition), RFI, 9 June 2019.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 29.6 Decizie în dosarul "Black Cube": Ron Weiner, condamnat definitiv la doi ani şi opt luni de închisoare cu suspendare (Ron Weiner given a final sentence of two years eight months suspended), Observator, 26 January 2017.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Ronan Farrow, The Black Cube Chronicles: The Undercover Operative, The New Yorker, 8 October 2019.
  31. ↑ Exclusive: The judge, the sting, Black Cube and me, National Post (undated feature on the September 2017 sting).
  32. ↑ Mark Townsend and Julian Borger, Revealed: Trump team hired spy firm for ‘dirty ops’ on Iran arms deal, The Observer/The Guardian, 5 May 2018.
  33. ↑ How an Israeli Intelligence Company Attempted to Slur a Hungarian NGO and Failed, Index.hu, 5 April 2018.
  34. ↑ Shany Moses and Chen Ma'anit, Ofra Strauss: Black Cube's behavior is a wake-up call, Globes, 10 June 2019.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 Inside Black Cube: how notorious intelligence firm rakes in client fees, Financial Times, 3 November 2025.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 Playtech Unmasked as Black Cube Client Behind Defamatory Smear Campaign Targeting Evolution AB, Evolution AB press release (a litigant's own statement), 21 October 2025.
  37. ↑ Gur Megiddo, Israeli Minister Held Talks With Black Cube About Spying on Pro-Palestinian U.S. Student Group, Haaretz, 7 August 2024.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 ToI Staff, Minister, Black Cube CEO discussed probing Students for Justice in Palestine – report, Times of Israel, 8 August 2024.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Israeli spy firm's alleged visit to Slovenia raises tensions on eve of vote, Reuters, 17 March 2026.
  40. ↑ The covert operation that targeted Dan Gertler's enemies around Tshisekedi, Africa Intelligence, 17 October 2022.
  41. ↑ "I Will Take My Percentage": Congolese Presidential Adviser Caught on Tape Negotiating Corrupt Mineral Deal, OCCRP.
  42. ↑ RDC: "VidiyeGate" – Gertler est-il l'exécutant des "opérations secrètes" qui ont ciblé Vidiye et D. Budimbu?, Congo Virtuel.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Israeli Private Intelligence Company Black Cube Out of Control, The Real News Network (critical), 11 June 2019.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 Ronen Bergman, Former Mossad chief joins Black Cube, Ynet, 12 November 2018.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Bradley Hope and Jacquie McNish, Black Cube: The Bumbling Spies of the ‘Private Mossad’, Wall Street Journal, 18 June 2019.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Playtech Sinks as Evolution Says Rival Was Behind Smear Campaign, Bloomberg, 21 October 2025.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 Gabriela Ghitcuta, Dosarul Black Cube. Unul dintre angajaţi a fost condamnat (Black Cube case: one of the employees convicted), Mediafax, 16 November 2016.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 Tom Burgis and others, "Black Cube executive says UK austerity helped business", Financial Times, 5 February 2021 (listed on the author's FT page).
  49. ↑ Stephanie Kirchgaessner and Owen Bowcott, Intelligence firm Black Cube ordered to pay £350,000 to Israeli TV show, The Guardian, 25 November 2020.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Nosa Omoigui, Court denies Evolution request to add Playtech as lawsuit defendant, EGR Intel, 15 June 2026.
  51. ↑ STA, Vlada objavila poročilo nemških forenzikov: datoteke so bile obdelane, DZ (znova) zavrnil preiskavo afere Black Cube (Government publishes German forensic report: files were processed; National Assembly again rejects Black Cube inquiry), Slovenske novice, 10 July 2026.
  52. ↑ S. H. H., Stevanović: Ustavne obtožbe zoper Janšo ne bomo obravnavali (Stevanović: we will not consider the constitutional charges against Janša), Žurnal24, 9 October 2026.
  53. ↑ Black Cube keeps foot in London with Leppard, Intelligence Online, 13 January 2021.
  54. ↑ Adrian Leppard's business interests flourish as Black Cube's picks up too, Intelligence Online, 14 December 2021.
  55. ↑ Cu ce se ocupă Black Cube, compania care a spionat-o pe șefa DNA (What Black Cube, the company that spied on the DNA chief, does), Digi24, 6 April 2016.
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