Government Communications Headquarters

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'The Doughnut', the GCHQ building at Benhall, Cheltenham.

Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) is a British signals intelligence (sigint) agency.

History

Government Code & Cypher School

The Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) was founded in 1919 as Britain's first integrated cryptographic agency.[1]

GC&CS was redesignated the London Signals Intelligence Centre in 1946, following a move from its wartime centre at Bletchley Park to Eastcote.[1]

GCHQ

The organisation formally took the name Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), previously in use as a cover name, on 1 November 1948.[1]

ABC Trial

GCHQ's activities received little publicity until 1976, when Duncan Campbell probed its activities in Cyprus for Time Out magazine. The subsequent prosecution under the Official Secrets Act became known as the ABC Trial.[2]

Geoffrey Prime affair

A former GCHQ employee Geoffrey Prime was convicted of spying for the KGB in 1982.[3]

The Zircon project

British dependence on American satellites during the Falklands War led GCHQ director Brian Tovey to propose a British spy satellite, Zircon.[4]

In early 1987, BBC director general Alasdair Milne, banned a documentary by Duncan Campbell, who had discovered the existence of the Zircon project and the fact that Parliament knew nothing about it.[5]

By 1988, the British government opted instead to pay £500 million to guarantee access to American satellites.[6]

Union ban

Trade unions were bannned from GCHQ by the Thatcher government in January 1984, prompting a long-running dispute.[7]

Al-Saadi case

In April 2015, GCHQ was ordered to destroy legally privileged communications it unlawfully collected from a Libyan rendition victim, Sami al-Saadi.[8]

Personnel and Organisation

Directors

SIGINT Missions

According to a diagram of GCHQ's 1998 organisation in Richard Aldrich's book on the agency, SIGINT Missions was one of four major divisions of its work under the corporate board.[10] it encompassed:

  • Maths and Cryptanalysis.
  • IT and Computer Services.
  • Linguists and Translation.
  • Intelligence Analysis Unit & Open Source Joint Working Group.[10]

Enterprise

According to Aldrich, Enterprise was a major division of GCHQ's 1998 organisation under the corporate board.[10] It included:

  • Applied Research and Emerging Technologies.
  • Corporate Knowledge and Information Services.
  • Commercial Supplier Relationships.[10]
  • Biometrics.

Corporate Management

According to Aldrich, Corporate management was a major division of GCHQ's 1998 organisation under the corporate board.[10] It encompassed:

  • Enterprise Resource Planning System.
  • Human Resources (Broadreach).
  • Internal audit.
  • SINEWS Architecture Team.[10]

Communications-Electronics Security Group

According to Aldrich, the Communications-Electronic Security Group was a major division of GCHQ's 1998 organisation under the corporate board.[10]

Miscellaneous Units and Projects

It is not known where or whether the following units and projects fit within Aldrich's schema:

Website

http://www.gchq.gov.uk/

External resources

Notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Richard J. Aldrich, GCHQ: The Uncensored Story of Britain's Most Secret Intelligence Agency, HarperPress, 2010, p.xvii.
  2. Richard J. Aldrich, GCHQ: The Uncensored Story of Britain's Most Secret Intelligence Agency, HarperPress, 2010, p.8.
  3. Richard J. Aldrich, GCHQ: The Uncensored Story of Britain's Most Secret Intelligence Agency, HarperPress, 2010, pp.379-380.
  4. Richard J. Aldrich, GCHQ: The Uncensored Story of Britain's Most Secret Intelligence Agency, HarperPress, 2010, p.442.
  5. Richard J. Aldrich, GCHQ: The Uncensored Story of Britain's Most Secret Intelligence Agency, HarperPress, 2010, p.459.
  6. Richard J. Aldrich, GCHQ: The Uncensored Story of Britain's Most Secret Intelligence Agency, HarperPress, 2010, p.460.
  7. Richard J. Aldrich, GCHQ: The Uncensored Story of Britain's Most Secret Intelligence Agency, HarperPress, 2010, p.416.
  8. Alan Travis, GCHQ conducted illegal surveillance, investigatory powers tribunal rules, theguardian.com, 29 April 2015.
  9. Robert Hannigan is appointed as new Director of GCHQ, gov.uk, 15 April 2014.
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Richard J. Aldrich, GCHQ: The Uncensored Story of Britain's Most Secret Intelligence Agency, HarperPress, 2010, p.565.