Difference between revisions of "Contest"

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'''CONTEST''' is the official name of the United Kingdom's Counter-Terrorism Strategy. It was launched in 2003 and revised and re-implemented in [[CONTEST 2|March 2009]]. It is still usually referred to as CONTEST, even though some refer to it as [[CONTEST 2]]. A document setting out the first version of the policy was released under FoI in 2016.  it is titled 'CONTEST: a 5-year UK strategy for countering international terrorism', written by Sir [[David Omand]], the government [[Security and Intelligence Coordinator]].<ref>See SACC, [https://www.sacc.org.uk/press/2016/whitehall-releases-2003-counter-terrorism-strategy Whitehall releases 2003 Counter Terrorism Strategy] 13 December 2016.</ref>
  
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Contest was the official codename given to the United Kingdom's [[counterterrorism]] strategy from a period of 2003 till 2009. It was revised and re-launched in March 2009 and is now referred to as [[Contest 2]]. The official objective of Contest was to: "reduce the risk from international terrorism, so that people can go about their daily lives freely and with confidence." <ref>[http://security.homeoffice.gov.uk/news-publications/publication-search/general/Contest-Strategy?view Countering International Terrorism: The United Kingdom's Strategy,] July 2006, [[Home Office,]] p.1 - accessed: 10 October 2009</ref>  
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CONTEST is based on 4 work streams - [[Prevent]], [[Pursue]], [[Protect]] and [[Prepare]]. ''Prevent'' and ''Pursue'' "reduce the threat from terrorism" and ''Protect'' and ''Prepare'' "reduce the UK’s vulnerability to attack".<ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/40182546 Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism], ''HM Government'', March 2009, Executive Summary, p.13, accessed 26.03.10</ref>  
  
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Sir [[David Omand]] in his role as Intelligence and Security Co-Ordinator at the [[Cabinet Office]] was responsible for creating and managing the the CONTEST strategy prior to its implementation.<ref>Jonathan Keeling (2011) ‘Freedom of Information Act 2000 Request to Mr Rizwaan Sabir’, FOI311393, Cabinet Office,  25 March 2011</ref>
  
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== The Four P's ==
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The overarching objectives of CONTEST are:
  
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In a 2006 [[Home Office]] document entitled: [http://security.homeoffice.gov.uk/news-publications/publication-search/general/Contest-Strategy?view=Binary Countering International Terrorism: The United Kingdom's Strategy], Contest was divided into four main areas, which became known as the four P's - [[Prevent]], [[Pursue]], [[Protect]] and [[Prepare]].  
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<blockquote style="background-color:ivory;border:1pt solid Darkgoldenrod;padding:1%;font-size:10pt">"to reduce the risk from international terrorism, so that people can go about their daily lives freely and with confidence." <ref>[http://www.fco.gov.uk/resources/en/pdf/contest-report Countering International Terrorism: The United Kingdom's Strategy] July 2006, ''HM Government'', p.9 - accessed 26.03.10</ref> and to "address the recent resurgence in international terrorism, which remains the greatest current threat both in this country and to [the UK's] overseas interests”.<ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/40182546 Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism], ''HM Government'', March 2009, Part 2, Section 7, p.59, accessed 26.03.10</ref></blockquote>
  
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===Prevent===
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==Principles of CONTEST==
  
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The Prevent component of Contest is based on "preventing terrorism by tackling the radicalisation of individuals" through:  
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These are the principles which reflect the United Kingdom’s idea and commitment to ‘shared values’ and guide CONTEST: <ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/40182546 Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism], ''HM Government'', March 2009, Executive Summary, p.12-13, accessed 26.03.10</ref>
  
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*"Tackling disadvantage and supporting reform by addressing structural problems in the UK and overseas that may contribute to radicalisation, such as  inequalities and discrimination;
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* Protection of Human Rights
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* Rule of law
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* Prosecution of terrorists and terrorism related offences
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* Addressing and tackling causes and symptoms
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* Prevent people from supporting & becoming terrorists
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* Pragmatic response to meet new nature of threat (technological, CRBN)
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* Dependence and cooperation with domestic and international allies & partners.
  
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*Deterring those who facilitate terrorism and those who encourage others to become terrorists by changing the environment in which the extremists and those radicalising others can operate; and
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==CONTEST 1 & 2==
  
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*Engaging in the battle of ideas by challenging the ideologies that extremists believe can justify the use of violence, primarily by helping Muslims who wish to dispute these ideas to do so". <ref>[http://security.homeoffice.gov.uk/news-publications/publication-search/general/Contest-Strategy?view Countering International Terrorism: The United Kingdom's Strategy,] July 2006, [[Home Office,]] pp.1-2 - accessed: 10 October 2009</ref>  
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The differences between CONTEST 1 and CONTEST 2 are premised on the following ideas:<ref> See [http://www.scribd.com/doc/40182546 Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism], ''HM Government'', March 2009, Part 1, Section 4, pp.36-¬40, accessed 26.03.10</ref>  
  
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===Pursue===
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* It is more comprehensive and wider in relation to all four work streams, especially the [[Prevent]] and [[Pursue]] strands;
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* It is more focused on addressing the changing nature of the threat that faces the UK, notably, the threat of home-grown terrorism;
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* It is closely coordinated and linked with counter-insurgency work overseas, notably in Iraq and Afghanistan, and
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* It is more focused on the threat of Chemical, Biological, Radioactive and Nuclear (CBRN) threats.
  
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The Pursue strand of Contest was based on "pursuing terrorists and those that sponsor them" and "reducing the terrorist threat to the UK and to UK interests overseas by disrupting terrorists and their operations". <ref>[http://security.homeoffice.gov.uk/news-publications/publication-search/general/Contest-Strategy?view Countering International Terrorism: The United Kingdom's Strategy,] July 2006, [[Home Office,]] p.2 & p.1 -  accessed: 10 October 2009</ref>. This was done, most notably, through the granting of increased powers to the British security establishment to prevent an attack and through the creation of more anti-terror laws to bring suspected terrorists plotters to account who couldn't be tried under existent laws. 
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==Prevent==
  
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The other aspects of the Pursue component are based on:  
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The Prevent component of CONTEST is based on "people becoming terrorists or supporting violent
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extremism". It is sometimes referred to as [[Preventing Violent Extremism]] or [[PVE]]. The objectives of the Prevent strand are: <ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/40182546 Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism], ''HM Government'', March 2009, Part 2, Section 9, p.82, accessed 26.03.10</ref>
  
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*"Gathering intelligence by improving our ability to identify and understand the terrorist threat;
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* To challenge the ideology behind violent extremism and support mainstream voices
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* Disrupt those who promote violent extremism and support the places where they operate
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* Support individuals who are vulnerable to recruitment, or have already been recruited by violent extremists
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* Increase the resilience of communities to violent extremism, and  
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* Address the grievances which ideologues are exploiting.
  
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*Disrupting terrorist activity by taking action to frustrate terrorist attacks and to bring terrorists to justice through prosecution and other means, including strengthening the legal framework against terrorism, e.g. by introducing legislation to deport those who are judged to be not conducive to the public good; and
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'''Supporting Objectives:'''
  
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* International co-operation by working with partners and allies overseas to strengthen our intelligence effort and achieve disruption of terrorists outside the UK". <ref>[http://security.homeoffice.gov.uk/news-publications/publication-search/general/Contest-Strategy?view Countering International Terrorism: The United Kingdom's Strategy,] July 2006, [[Home Office,]] p.2 - accessed: 10 October 2009</ref>
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* To develop supporting intelligence, analysis and information, and
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* To improve our [[strategic communications]].
  
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===Protect===
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===Allegations of Spying===  
  
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The Protect strand of Contest is based on reducing the UK's vulnerability, at home and abroad, in case a terrorist attack cannot be thwarted. This is done by:  
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In October 2009, [[The Guardian]] reported that Preventing Violent Extremism was being used "to gather intelligence" on "political and religious views, information on mental health, sexual activity and associates, and other sensitive information" on people that are "not suspected of involvement in terrorism".<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/oct/16/anti-terrorism-strategy-spies-innocents Government Anti-Terrorism Strategy Spies on Innocent] 16 October 2009, the Guardian - accessed 25 November 2009</ref> The Director of the Human Rights organisation [[Liberty]], [[Shami Chakrabarti]], "branded [PVE] as the biggest spying programme in Britain in modern times and an affront to civil liberties".<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/oct/16/anti-terrorism-strategy-spies-innocents Government Anti-Terrorism Strategy Spies on Innocent] 16 October 2009, the Guardian - accessed 25 November 2009</ref>
  
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*"Strengthening border security [to ensure] that terrorists and those who inspire them can be prevented from travelling here and we can get better intelligence about suspects who travel, including improving our identity management, for example by use of biometrics";
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The Director of the [[Office for Security and Counter-Terrorism]] responded to spying allegations to a PVE Select Committee Hearing by stating:
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<blockquote style="background-color:ivory;border:1pt solid Darkgoldenrod;padding:1%;font-size:10pt"> “For the avoidance of doubt, surveillance is not part of the Prevent programme and intelligence gathering is not a feature of the Prevent programme. It does not say so in the strategy and does not say so in our guidance documents. What we have said is what you get.”
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<ref>Ev.76, Q371 by Andy Slaughter to Mr Charles Farr, Communities and Local Government Committee, Preventing Violent Extremism, Sixth Report of Session 2009-10, 19 January 2010. Printed on 16.03.10 – accessed 24.04.10</ref></blockquote>
  
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*Protecting key utilities by working with private sector organisations;
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==Pursue==
  
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*Better equipping sensitive transport networks and other infrastructural entities by investing more heavily in technologically advanced security; and
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The Pursue strand of CONTEST is based on "pursuing terrorists and those that sponsor them" and "reducing the terrorist threat to the UK and to UK interests overseas by disrupting terrorists and their operations".<ref>[http://security.homeoffice.gov.uk/news-publications/publication-search/general/Contest-Strategy?view Countering International Terrorism: The United Kingdom's Strategy,] July 2006, ''HM Government'', See p.2 and p.1 -  accessed 26.03.10</ref>. This is done through the following avenues: <ref> See [http://www.scribd.com/doc/40182546 Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism], ''HM Government'', March 2009, Part 2, Section 8, pp.63-69, accessed 26.03.10</ref>
  
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*Increasing security and safety in crowded places. <ref>[http://security.homeoffice.gov.uk/news-publications/publication-search/general/Contest-Strategy?view Countering International Terrorism: The United Kingdom's Strategy,] July 2006, [[Home Office,]] p.2 - accessed: 10 October 2009</ref> 
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* Increasing the ability and capacity of detection and investigation by increasing the size and resources of the Police and the Security and intelligence Services;
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* Increasing the effectiveness of the prosecution process by introducing new laws and new offences; 
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* The developing of more effective non-prosecution methods/actions such as [[Control Orders]] and revoking of citizenship;
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* Improving the ability and capability to disrupt oversees terrorism; and
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* Increasing and improving coordination & cooperation between Pursue stakeholders, through projects such as Operation [[Rich Picture]]
  
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===Prepare===
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==Protect==
  
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The Prepare component of Contest is premised on the idea of limiting the effects of an attack in case it cannot be prevented and ensuring that the UK is prepared for the consequences of a terrorist attack. <ref>[http://security.homeoffice.gov.uk/news-publications/publication-search/general/Contest-Strategy?view Countering International Terrorism: The United Kingdom's Strategy,] July 2006, [[Home Office,]] p.2 - accessed: 10 October 2009</ref> It aims to do this by:
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The Protect strand of CONTEST is based on reducing the UK's vulnerability, at home and abroad, in case a terrorist attack cannot be thwarted. This is done by "reducing the vulnerability of:<ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/40182546 Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism], ''HM Government'', March 2009, Part 2, Section 10, p.105, accessed 26.03.10</ref>  
  
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* Identifying the potential risks the UK faces from terrorism and assessing their impact;
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* The Critical National Infrastructure
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* Crowded Place
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* The Transport System
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* The UK's Borders.
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* Monitoring and improving the security of hazardous material
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* Through the [[National Identity Scheme]], through the introduction of biographic and biometric systems."
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==Prepare==
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The Prepare component of CONTEST is premised on the idea of limiting the effects of an attack that cannot be prevented and ensuring the UK is prepared for the consequences of a terrorist attack. It aims to do this by: <ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/40182546 Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism], ''HM Government'', March 2009, Part 2, Section 11, p.118, accessed 26.03.10</ref>
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* Identifying the potential risks the UK faces from terrorism and assessing their impact;
 
* Building the necessary capabilities to respond to any attacks; and
 
* Building the necessary capabilities to respond to any attacks; and
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* Continually evaluating and testing our preparedness – e.g. by frequently exercising to improve our response to incidents and learning lessons from incidents that do take place.<ref>[http://security.homeoffice.gov.uk/news-publications/publication-search/general/Contest-Strategy?view Countering International Terrorism: The United Kingdom's Strategy,] July 2006, [[Home Office,]] p.2 - accessed: 10 October 2009</ref>
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* Continually evaluating and testing our preparedness – e.g. by frequently exercising to improve our response to incidents and learning lessons from incidents that do take place.
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==Departments Involved in CONTEST==
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The following is a list of departments that are involved with CONTEST work, or related activities''':''' <ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/40182546 Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism] ''HM Government'', March 2009, see Annex B: pp.159-61, accessed: 25.03.10</ref>  
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[[Cabinet Office]] | [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] | [[GCHQ]] | [[Government Offices]] | [[Department for Communities and Local Government]] | [[HM Treasury]] | [[JTAC]] | [[Ministry of Defence]] | [[Ministry of Justice]] | [[Police]] | [[Prime Ministers Delivery Unit]] | [[Secret Intelligence Service]] ([[MI6]]) | [[Security Service]] ([[MI5]]) | [[UK Border Agency]] (UKBA) | [[OSCT]] | [[Northern Ireland Office]] | [[Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure]] | [[Crown Prosecution Service]] | [[Department for Culture, Media and Sport]] | [[Department for Children, Schools and Families]] | [[Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs]] | [[Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills]] | [[Department for International Development]] (DFID) | [[Department for Transport]] | [[Department for Health]] | Devolved Adminstrations | [[Association of Chief Police Officers (Terrorism and Allied Matters)]]
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==Resources==
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*Sir David Omand [https://powerbase.info/images/9/9c/Contest_2003_report_for_release.pdf CONTEST: a 5-year UK strategy for countering international terrorism] 1 April 2004.
  
 
==Notes==
 
==Notes==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
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[[Category:Counter-Terrorism]]

Latest revision as of 08:58, 12 September 2024

Pa-police-460x230.jpg

This article is part of the Counter-Terrorism Portal project of Spinwatch.

CONTEST is the official name of the United Kingdom's Counter-Terrorism Strategy. It was launched in 2003 and revised and re-implemented in March 2009. It is still usually referred to as CONTEST, even though some refer to it as CONTEST 2. A document setting out the first version of the policy was released under FoI in 2016. it is titled 'CONTEST: a 5-year UK strategy for countering international terrorism', written by Sir David Omand, the government Security and Intelligence Coordinator.[1]

CONTEST is based on 4 work streams - Prevent, Pursue, Protect and Prepare. Prevent and Pursue "reduce the threat from terrorism" and Protect and Prepare "reduce the UK’s vulnerability to attack".[2]

Sir David Omand in his role as Intelligence and Security Co-Ordinator at the Cabinet Office was responsible for creating and managing the the CONTEST strategy prior to its implementation.[3]

The overarching objectives of CONTEST are:

"to reduce the risk from international terrorism, so that people can go about their daily lives freely and with confidence." [4] and to "address the recent resurgence in international terrorism, which remains the greatest current threat both in this country and to [the UK's] overseas interests”.[5]

Principles of CONTEST

These are the principles which reflect the United Kingdom’s idea and commitment to ‘shared values’ and guide CONTEST: [6]

  • Protection of Human Rights
  • Rule of law
  • Prosecution of terrorists and terrorism related offences
  • Addressing and tackling causes and symptoms
  • Prevent people from supporting & becoming terrorists
  • Pragmatic response to meet new nature of threat (technological, CRBN)
  • Dependence and cooperation with domestic and international allies & partners.

CONTEST 1 & 2

The differences between CONTEST 1 and CONTEST 2 are premised on the following ideas:[7]

  • It is more comprehensive and wider in relation to all four work streams, especially the Prevent and Pursue strands;
  • It is more focused on addressing the changing nature of the threat that faces the UK, notably, the threat of home-grown terrorism;
  • It is closely coordinated and linked with counter-insurgency work overseas, notably in Iraq and Afghanistan, and
  • It is more focused on the threat of Chemical, Biological, Radioactive and Nuclear (CBRN) threats.

Prevent

The Prevent component of CONTEST is based on "people becoming terrorists or supporting violent extremism". It is sometimes referred to as Preventing Violent Extremism or PVE. The objectives of the Prevent strand are: [8]

  • To challenge the ideology behind violent extremism and support mainstream voices
  • Disrupt those who promote violent extremism and support the places where they operate
  • Support individuals who are vulnerable to recruitment, or have already been recruited by violent extremists
  • Increase the resilience of communities to violent extremism, and
  • Address the grievances which ideologues are exploiting.

Supporting Objectives:

Allegations of Spying

In October 2009, The Guardian reported that Preventing Violent Extremism was being used "to gather intelligence" on "political and religious views, information on mental health, sexual activity and associates, and other sensitive information" on people that are "not suspected of involvement in terrorism".[9] The Director of the Human Rights organisation Liberty, Shami Chakrabarti, "branded [PVE] as the biggest spying programme in Britain in modern times and an affront to civil liberties".[10]

The Director of the Office for Security and Counter-Terrorism responded to spying allegations to a PVE Select Committee Hearing by stating:

“For the avoidance of doubt, surveillance is not part of the Prevent programme and intelligence gathering is not a feature of the Prevent programme. It does not say so in the strategy and does not say so in our guidance documents. What we have said is what you get.” [11]

Pursue

The Pursue strand of CONTEST is based on "pursuing terrorists and those that sponsor them" and "reducing the terrorist threat to the UK and to UK interests overseas by disrupting terrorists and their operations".[12]. This is done through the following avenues: [13]

  • Increasing the ability and capacity of detection and investigation by increasing the size and resources of the Police and the Security and intelligence Services;
  • Increasing the effectiveness of the prosecution process by introducing new laws and new offences;
  • The developing of more effective non-prosecution methods/actions such as Control Orders and revoking of citizenship;
  • Improving the ability and capability to disrupt oversees terrorism; and
  • Increasing and improving coordination & cooperation between Pursue stakeholders, through projects such as Operation Rich Picture

Protect

The Protect strand of CONTEST is based on reducing the UK's vulnerability, at home and abroad, in case a terrorist attack cannot be thwarted. This is done by "reducing the vulnerability of:[14]

  • The Critical National Infrastructure
  • Crowded Place
  • The Transport System
  • The UK's Borders.
  • Monitoring and improving the security of hazardous material
  • Through the National Identity Scheme, through the introduction of biographic and biometric systems."

Prepare

The Prepare component of CONTEST is premised on the idea of limiting the effects of an attack that cannot be prevented and ensuring the UK is prepared for the consequences of a terrorist attack. It aims to do this by: [15]

  • Identifying the potential risks the UK faces from terrorism and assessing their impact;
  • Building the necessary capabilities to respond to any attacks; and
  • Continually evaluating and testing our preparedness – e.g. by frequently exercising to improve our response to incidents and learning lessons from incidents that do take place.

Departments Involved in CONTEST

The following is a list of departments that are involved with CONTEST work, or related activities: [16]

Cabinet Office | Foreign and Commonwealth Office | GCHQ | Government Offices | Department for Communities and Local Government | HM Treasury | JTAC | Ministry of Defence | Ministry of Justice | Police | Prime Ministers Delivery Unit | Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) | Security Service (MI5) | UK Border Agency (UKBA) | OSCT | Northern Ireland Office | Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure | Crown Prosecution Service | Department for Culture, Media and Sport | Department for Children, Schools and Families | Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs | Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills | Department for International Development (DFID) | Department for Transport | Department for Health | Devolved Adminstrations | Association of Chief Police Officers (Terrorism and Allied Matters)

Resources

Notes

  1. ↑ See SACC, Whitehall releases 2003 Counter Terrorism Strategy 13 December 2016.
  2. ↑ Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism, HM Government, March 2009, Executive Summary, p.13, accessed 26.03.10
  3. ↑ Jonathan Keeling (2011) ‘Freedom of Information Act 2000 Request to Mr Rizwaan Sabir’, FOI311393, Cabinet Office, 25 March 2011
  4. ↑ Countering International Terrorism: The United Kingdom's Strategy July 2006, HM Government, p.9 - accessed 26.03.10
  5. ↑ Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism, HM Government, March 2009, Part 2, Section 7, p.59, accessed 26.03.10
  6. ↑ Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism, HM Government, March 2009, Executive Summary, p.12-13, accessed 26.03.10
  7. ↑ See Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism, HM Government, March 2009, Part 1, Section 4, pp.36-¬40, accessed 26.03.10
  8. ↑ Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism, HM Government, March 2009, Part 2, Section 9, p.82, accessed 26.03.10
  9. ↑ Government Anti-Terrorism Strategy Spies on Innocent 16 October 2009, the Guardian - accessed 25 November 2009
  10. ↑ Government Anti-Terrorism Strategy Spies on Innocent 16 October 2009, the Guardian - accessed 25 November 2009
  11. ↑ Ev.76, Q371 by Andy Slaughter to Mr Charles Farr, Communities and Local Government Committee, Preventing Violent Extremism, Sixth Report of Session 2009-10, 19 January 2010. Printed on 16.03.10 – accessed 24.04.10
  12. ↑ Countering International Terrorism: The United Kingdom's Strategy, July 2006, HM Government, See p.2 and p.1 - accessed 26.03.10
  13. ↑ See Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism, HM Government, March 2009, Part 2, Section 8, pp.63-69, accessed 26.03.10
  14. ↑ Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism, HM Government, March 2009, Part 2, Section 10, p.105, accessed 26.03.10
  15. ↑ Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism, HM Government, March 2009, Part 2, Section 11, p.118, accessed 26.03.10
  16. ↑ Pursue, Prevent, Protect, Prepare: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering International Terrorism HM Government, March 2009, see Annex B: pp.159-61, accessed: 25.03.10
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