Difference between revisions of "The Sun"
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[[Image:thesungotcha.jpg|right|thumb|The Sun]] | [[Image:thesungotcha.jpg|right|thumb|The Sun]] | ||
| − | '''''The Sun''''' is a UK-based tabloid newspaper published by [[News International]]. | + | '''''The Sun''''' is a UK-based tabloid newspaper published by [[News International]]. [[Dominic Mohan]] was appointed editor of the paper in August 2009.<ref>Laura Davies, [http://www.prweek.com/uk/news/929846/Dominic-Mohan-appointed-editor-Sun Dominic Mohan is appointed Editor of The Sun], Pr Week, 26 August 2009.</ref> |
==History== | ==History== | ||
| + | The Sun, like its former Sunday counterpart [[The News of The World]], is owned by [[Rupert Murdoch]]’s organisation [[News International]]. | ||
| − | + | [[Rupert Murdoch]] moved production of the newspaper away from its traditional home in Fleet Street to new premises in Wapping East London in 1986. The move was designed to modernise production practices, reduce costs and perhaps more importantly remove the influence of the powerful Fleet Street print unions. According to journalist Nick Davies the move to Wapping "Released a chain reaction of internal changes which have had a devastating effect on truth-telling journalism". <ref> Nick Davies, Flat Earth News (2008), London: Chatto & Windus </ref> | |
| − | + | ==Controversies== | |
| + | |||
| + | ===The Falklands=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | In May 1982 The Sun reported the sinking of the Argentine Navy Cruiser The Belgrano with the headline “Gotcha”. The sinking of the Belgrano caused 323 deaths, more than half of the Argentine deaths in the entire conflict. | ||
| − | The | + | ===The Birmingham Six=== |
| + | The Sun printed a story in 1988 when the [[Birmingham Six]] lost an appeal hearing: | ||
| + | ::The Sun saw the judgement as an opportunity to declare open season on those who had campaigned for the case to be re-opened. The Sun's front page headline the next day read, LOONY MP BACKS BOMB GANG. An editorial said, 'If the Sun had its way, we would have been tempted to string 'em up years ago.'<ref>Error of Judgement, by Chris Mullin, Poolbeg Press, 1990, p.310.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | The Birmingham Six were released 3 years later in what was described as "one of Britain's gravest miscarriages of justice".<ref>David Pallister, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/1991/mar/15/northernireland.davidpallister Irishmen freed as appeal is allowed after new evidence], ''The Guardian'', 15-March-1991, Accessed 24-April-2009</ref> | ||
| − | |||
| − | + | ===Hillsborough=== | |
In April 1989 The Sun under the headline “The Truth”, reported that during the Hillsborough stadium football disaster Liverpool football fans had attacked policemen while they tried to help injured victims of the crush. The sub-headlines on the piece read: "Some fans picked pockets of victims"; "Some fans urinated on the brave cops"; "Some fans beat up PC giving kiss of life". | In April 1989 The Sun under the headline “The Truth”, reported that during the Hillsborough stadium football disaster Liverpool football fans had attacked policemen while they tried to help injured victims of the crush. The sub-headlines on the piece read: "Some fans picked pockets of victims"; "Some fans urinated on the brave cops"; "Some fans beat up PC giving kiss of life". | ||
| + | [[Kelvin MacKenzie]] who was the editor at the time apologised publicly when the Press Complaints Commission condemned his paper's descriptions of Liverpool fans urinating on the Hillsborough dead and stealing from their bodies. He later undermined the sincerity of his apology at a business lunch in Newcastle, where he said "I was not sorry then and I'm not sorry now", he went on to say "All I did wrong there was tell the truth". The Sun printed a full-page apology in July 2004 for what it called "the most terrible mistake" in its history.<ref>Ian Herbert, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/mackenzies-hillsborough--the-sun-told-the-truth-426674.html MacKenzie's Hillsborough - 'The Sun told The Truth'], ''The Independent'', 2-December-2006, Accessed 24-June-2009</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===David Blunkett and asylum seekers=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | In August 2003 The Sun printed a full week of coverage dedicated to criticising asylum-seekers. David Blunkett wrote an article for the paper supporting The Sun's stance. He said, "I am not in dispute with the Sun on this week’s coverage". According to journalist [[Peter Oborne]], the campaign was the result of a coordinated effort between The Sun and the Government. Oborne explains, "Sun readers never knew that Blunkett had quietly agreed to meet the paper and knew about the campaign before it had even started."<ref>Peter Oborne, [http://www.spectator.co.uk/the-magazine/the-week/12913/politicians-and-journalists-are-in-a-conspiracy-against-the-public.thtml Politicians and journalists are in a conspiracy against the public], ''The Spectator'', 4-December-2004, Accessed 24-June-2009</ref>. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Katie Hopkins and migrant 'cockroaches'=== | ||
| + | [[File:The-sun-hopkins.png|thumb|right]]In 2015 Sun columnist [[Katie Hopkins]] infamously described African migrants crossing the Mediterranean as “cockroaches” and called for gunboats to stop migrants reaching Europe. She wrote: | ||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | : "No, I don’t care. Show me pictures of coffins, show me bodies floating in water, play violins and show me skinny people looking sad. I still don’t care." | ||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | The UN high commissioner for human rights, [[Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein]], strongly condemned Hopkin's language likening it to that used by Rwanda’s [[Kangura]] newspaper and [[Radio Mille Collines]] during the run-up to the 1994 Rwandan genocide. | ||
==Media monopoly== | ==Media monopoly== | ||
| − | + | MPs protested against Murdoch's acquisition of [[The Times]] and [[The Sunday Times]] because of the effect a media monopoly could have on democracy in the United Kingdom. This was because Murdoch already owned The Sun and [[The News of The World]]. A report by the Labour Government in 2001 said, "A healthy democracy depends on a culture of dissent and argument, which would inevitably be diminished if there were only a limited number of providers of news"<ref> Department for Culture Media and Sport,[http://www.culture.gov.uk/images/consultations/mediaownership2001.pdf Media Ownership Rules], November-2001, Accessed 19-January-2009 </ref>. | |
| + | |||
| + | The main concern with [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s media monopoly is that he could use it to manipulate public opinion and therefore put pressure on politicians who oppose his business interests. In October 2003 in the United States a study by the nonpartisan Program on International Policy Attitudes showed that 60% of U.S. citizens believed either that: clear evidence had been found of links between Iraq and Al Qaeda; W.M.D. had been found in Iraq; world public opinion favored the U.S. going to war with Iraq. 80% of the people who believed these falsehoods received their news primarily from [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s [[Fox News]]. | ||
| − | |||
The media interests of [[News International]] in the United Kingdom include: | The media interests of [[News International]] in the United Kingdom include: | ||
* [[BSkyB]] (39% Stake) | * [[BSkyB]] (39% Stake) | ||
* [[The Sun]] | * [[The Sun]] | ||
| − | + | * [[The News of The World]] (now defunct) | |
| − | |||
| − | * [[The News of The World]] | ||
* [[The London Paper]] | * [[The London Paper]] | ||
* [[Harper Collins]] (Publishing house) | * [[Harper Collins]] (Publishing house) | ||
| Line 46: | Line 65: | ||
==Journalists== | ==Journalists== | ||
| + | ===Editors=== | ||
| + | *[[Rebekah Brooks]] 2003-2009<ref>Lisa O'Carroll, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/jul/15/rebekah-brooks-news-international Rebekah Brooks: where it all went wrong], The Guardian, 16 July 2011.</ref> | ||
| + | *[[Dominic Mohan]] 2009-<ref>Laura Davies, [http://www.prweek.com/uk/news/929846/Dominic-Mohan-appointed-editor-Sun Dominic Mohan is appointed Editor of The Sun], Pr Week, 26 August 2009.</ref> | ||
===A-L=== | ===A-L=== | ||
| Line 51: | Line 73: | ||
===M-Z=== | ===M-Z=== | ||
| + | [[Nick Parker]], Chief Foreign Correspondent | ||
| − | ==ABC and | + | ==ABC and readership figures== |
| − | ''The Sun'' has an average daily net circulation of 2,899,310 according to the latest figures from ABC | + | ''The Sun'' has an average daily net circulation of 2,899,310, according to the latest figures from ABC. These figures cover the period from the end of November 2008 to the end of December 2008.<ref>Audit Bureau of Circulation, [http://www.abc.org.uk/cgi-bin/gen5?runprog=nav/abc&noc=y ABC Figures for The Sun Nov-Dec 2008] Accessed 19-January-2009 </ref> |
| − | According to [[The National Readership Survey]] 38% of ''Sun'' readers belong to socio-economic group ABC1, with the other 62% belonging to socio-economic group C2DE. 52% of ''Sun'' readers are over 44 and 48% are aged between 15-44. The male-female divide amongst ''Sun'' readers is 56% male and 44% female. This data was captured over one year from October 2007 to September 2008. <ref> National Readership Survey Figures, [http://www.nrs.co.uk/top_line_readership NRS Figures October 2008-September 2009], Accessed 19-January-2009 </ref> | + | According to [[The National Readership Survey]], 38% of ''Sun'' readers belong to socio-economic group ABC1, with the other 62% belonging to socio-economic group C2DE. 52% of ''Sun'' readers are over 44 and 48% are aged between 15-44. The male-female divide amongst ''Sun'' readers is 56% male and 44% female. This data was captured over one year from October 2007 to September 2008.<ref> National Readership Survey Figures, [http://www.nrs.co.uk/top_line_readership NRS Figures October 2008-September 2009], Accessed 19-January-2009</ref> |
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 62: | Line 85: | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
| − | [[Category:journalism]][[Category:Media]][[category:journalists]] | + | [[Category:journalism]][[Category:Media]][[category:journalists]][[Category:Media Industry]] |
| + | [[Category:Newspapers]][[Category:Islamophobia in the Media]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:33, 16 January 2018
The Sun is a UK-based tabloid newspaper published by News International. Dominic Mohan was appointed editor of the paper in August 2009.[1]
Contents
History
The Sun, like its former Sunday counterpart The News of The World, is owned by Rupert Murdoch’s organisation News International.
Rupert Murdoch moved production of the newspaper away from its traditional home in Fleet Street to new premises in Wapping East London in 1986. The move was designed to modernise production practices, reduce costs and perhaps more importantly remove the influence of the powerful Fleet Street print unions. According to journalist Nick Davies the move to Wapping "Released a chain reaction of internal changes which have had a devastating effect on truth-telling journalism". [2]
Controversies
The Falklands
In May 1982 The Sun reported the sinking of the Argentine Navy Cruiser The Belgrano with the headline “Gotcha”. The sinking of the Belgrano caused 323 deaths, more than half of the Argentine deaths in the entire conflict.
The Birmingham Six
The Sun printed a story in 1988 when the Birmingham Six lost an appeal hearing:
- The Sun saw the judgement as an opportunity to declare open season on those who had campaigned for the case to be re-opened. The Sun's front page headline the next day read, LOONY MP BACKS BOMB GANG. An editorial said, 'If the Sun had its way, we would have been tempted to string 'em up years ago.'[3]
The Birmingham Six were released 3 years later in what was described as "one of Britain's gravest miscarriages of justice".[4]
Hillsborough
In April 1989 The Sun under the headline “The Truth”, reported that during the Hillsborough stadium football disaster Liverpool football fans had attacked policemen while they tried to help injured victims of the crush. The sub-headlines on the piece read: "Some fans picked pockets of victims"; "Some fans urinated on the brave cops"; "Some fans beat up PC giving kiss of life".
Kelvin MacKenzie who was the editor at the time apologised publicly when the Press Complaints Commission condemned his paper's descriptions of Liverpool fans urinating on the Hillsborough dead and stealing from their bodies. He later undermined the sincerity of his apology at a business lunch in Newcastle, where he said "I was not sorry then and I'm not sorry now", he went on to say "All I did wrong there was tell the truth". The Sun printed a full-page apology in July 2004 for what it called "the most terrible mistake" in its history.[5]
David Blunkett and asylum seekers
In August 2003 The Sun printed a full week of coverage dedicated to criticising asylum-seekers. David Blunkett wrote an article for the paper supporting The Sun's stance. He said, "I am not in dispute with the Sun on this week’s coverage". According to journalist Peter Oborne, the campaign was the result of a coordinated effort between The Sun and the Government. Oborne explains, "Sun readers never knew that Blunkett had quietly agreed to meet the paper and knew about the campaign before it had even started."[6].
Katie Hopkins and migrant 'cockroaches'
In 2015 Sun columnist Katie Hopkins infamously described African migrants crossing the Mediterranean as “cockroaches” and called for gunboats to stop migrants reaching Europe. She wrote:
- "No, I don’t care. Show me pictures of coffins, show me bodies floating in water, play violins and show me skinny people looking sad. I still don’t care."
The UN high commissioner for human rights, Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein, strongly condemned Hopkin's language likening it to that used by Rwanda’s Kangura newspaper and Radio Mille Collines during the run-up to the 1994 Rwandan genocide.
Media monopoly
MPs protested against Murdoch's acquisition of The Times and The Sunday Times because of the effect a media monopoly could have on democracy in the United Kingdom. This was because Murdoch already owned The Sun and The News of The World. A report by the Labour Government in 2001 said, "A healthy democracy depends on a culture of dissent and argument, which would inevitably be diminished if there were only a limited number of providers of news"[7].
The main concern with Rupert Murdoch's media monopoly is that he could use it to manipulate public opinion and therefore put pressure on politicians who oppose his business interests. In October 2003 in the United States a study by the nonpartisan Program on International Policy Attitudes showed that 60% of U.S. citizens believed either that: clear evidence had been found of links between Iraq and Al Qaeda; W.M.D. had been found in Iraq; world public opinion favored the U.S. going to war with Iraq. 80% of the people who believed these falsehoods received their news primarily from Rupert Murdoch's Fox News.
The media interests of News International in the United Kingdom include:
- BSkyB (39% Stake)
- The Sun
- The News of The World (now defunct)
- The London Paper
- Harper Collins (Publishing house)
In the United States Rupert Murdoch's Newscorp owns:
Journalists
Editors
- Rebekah Brooks 2003-2009[9]
- Dominic Mohan 2009-[10]
A-L
M-Z
Nick Parker, Chief Foreign Correspondent
ABC and readership figures
The Sun has an average daily net circulation of 2,899,310, according to the latest figures from ABC. These figures cover the period from the end of November 2008 to the end of December 2008.[11]
According to The National Readership Survey, 38% of Sun readers belong to socio-economic group ABC1, with the other 62% belonging to socio-economic group C2DE. 52% of Sun readers are over 44 and 48% are aged between 15-44. The male-female divide amongst Sun readers is 56% male and 44% female. This data was captured over one year from October 2007 to September 2008.[12]
References
- ↑ Laura Davies, Dominic Mohan is appointed Editor of The Sun, Pr Week, 26 August 2009.
- ↑ Nick Davies, Flat Earth News (2008), London: Chatto & Windus
- ↑ Error of Judgement, by Chris Mullin, Poolbeg Press, 1990, p.310.
- ↑ David Pallister, Irishmen freed as appeal is allowed after new evidence, The Guardian, 15-March-1991, Accessed 24-April-2009
- ↑ Ian Herbert, MacKenzie's Hillsborough - 'The Sun told The Truth', The Independent, 2-December-2006, Accessed 24-June-2009
- ↑ Peter Oborne, Politicians and journalists are in a conspiracy against the public, The Spectator, 4-December-2004, Accessed 24-June-2009
- ↑ Department for Culture Media and Sport,Media Ownership Rules, November-2001, Accessed 19-January-2009
- ↑ Richard Wray, Murdoch faces scrutiny over media influence, 25-May-2007, Accessed 19-January-2009
- ↑ Lisa O'Carroll, Rebekah Brooks: where it all went wrong, The Guardian, 16 July 2011.
- ↑ Laura Davies, Dominic Mohan is appointed Editor of The Sun, Pr Week, 26 August 2009.
- ↑ Audit Bureau of Circulation, ABC Figures for The Sun Nov-Dec 2008 Accessed 19-January-2009
- ↑ National Readership Survey Figures, NRS Figures October 2008-September 2009, Accessed 19-January-2009
