Difference between revisions of "Bristol-Myers Squibb"

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In 2007, the Board of Directors for BMS is comprised of <ref> BMS [http://www.bms.com/aboutbms/corporate_governance/content/data/brddir.html Board of Directors] Accessed 20th December 2007</ref>...
 
In 2007, the Board of Directors for BMS is comprised of <ref> BMS [http://www.bms.com/aboutbms/corporate_governance/content/data/brddir.html Board of Directors] Accessed 20th December 2007</ref>...
  
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* [[James D Robinson]] III - Chairman of Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Cofounder and General Partner of private equity firm [[RRE Ventures]]
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* [[James D Robinson]] III - Chairman of Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Cofounder and General Partner of private equity firm [[RRE Ventures]]. Robinson is also reported to be on the Board of Directors for [[Coca Cola]]<ref> Coca Cola Company [http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/bios/bio_28.html James D Robinson] Accessed 21st January 2008</ref>, where his biography describes him as also serving as President of [[J D Robinson Inc.]] (a strategic consulting firm) and on the Boards of Directors of [[Novell Inc.]], [[Visiprise]] and [[PrimeRevenue]]. Robinson is a member of the [[Business Council]] and the [[Council on Foreign Relations]], an honorary trustee of the [[Brookings Institution]] and honorary chairman of the [[Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center]]. Robinson's biography aslo reports that he was previously Chairman and CEO of [[American Express]] Company (1977 to 1993), Co-Chairman of the [[Business Roundtable]] and Chairman of the [[Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations]] (ACTPN).
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* [[Lewis B Campbell]] - Campbell is Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of [[Textron Inc.]]. His biography for Textron Inc. <ref> Textron Inc. [http://www.textron.com/about/leadership/corp_management/bios/campbell_lewis.jsp Lewis B Campbell] Accessed 20th December 2007</ref> adds that prior to joining Textron in 1992, Campbell spent 24 years with [[General Motors]]. Campbell is also a director for the [[Dow Jones and Company]], a member of the [[Business Roundtable]]'s Security Task Force, the International Trade and Investment Task Force and the Business Council.
+
* [[Lewis B Campbell]] - Audit Committee, Committee on Directors and Corporate Governance & Compensation and Management Development Committee. Campbell is also Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of [[Textron Inc.]]. His biography for Textron Inc. <ref> Textron Inc. [http://www.textron.com/about/leadership/corp_management/bios/campbell_lewis.jsp Lewis B Campbell] Accessed 20th December 2007</ref> adds that prior to joining Textron in 1992, Campbell spent 24 years with [[General Motors]]. Campbell is also a director for the [[Dow Jones and Company]], a member of the [[Business Roundtable]]'s Security Task Force, the International Trade and Investment Task Force and the Business Council.
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* [[James M. Cornelius]] - Chief Executive Officer
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* [[James M. Cornelius]] - Chief Executive Officer & member of Science and Technology Committee
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* [[Louis J Freeh]] - Former Vice Chairman of [[MBNA America Bank]]. Prior to joining MBMA, Freeh was a Special Agent (and went on to become Director) of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI). He was also previously a United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York. <ref> BMS [http://investor.bms.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=106664&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=756143&highlight= Bristol-Myers Squibb Names Louis J. Freeh to Board of Directors] Accessed 20th December 2007</ref>
+
* [[Louis J Freeh]] - Audit Committee & Committee on Directors and Corporate Governance. Freeh was also the former Vice Chairman of [[MBNA America Bank]]. Prior to joining MBMA, Freeh was a Special Agent (and went on to become Director) of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI). He was also previously a United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York. <ref> BMS [http://investor.bms.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=106664&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=756143&highlight= Bristol-Myers Squibb Names Louis J. Freeh to Board of Directors] Accessed 20th December 2007</ref>
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* [[Laurie H Glimcher]] - Irene Heinz Given Professor of Immunology, Harvard School of Public Health and Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School.
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* [[Laurie H Glimcher]] - Audit Committee, Committee on Directors and Corporate Governance & Science and Technology Committee. Glimcher is also Irene Heinz Given Professor of Immunology at [[Harvard School of Public Health]] and Professor of Medicine at [[Harvard Medical School]].
−
* [[Michael Grobstein]] - Retired Vice Chairman for [[Ernst and Young]]   
+
* [[Michael Grobstein]] - Audit Committee & Compensation and Management Development Committee. Grobstein was also formerly Vice Chairman for [[Ernst and Young]]   
 +
* [[Leif Johansson]] - Audit Committee & Compensation and Management Development Committee. Johansson is also President of AB Volvo and Chief Executive Officer of The [[Volvo Group]]
 +
* [[Vicki L Sato]] - Compensation and Management Development Committee & Science and Technology Committee. Sato is also Professor of Management Practice at the [[Harvard Business School]], and Professor of Molecular and Cell Biology at [[Harvard University]]
 +
* [[R. Sanders Williams]] - Committee on Directors and Corporate Governance & Science and Technology Committee. Sanders Williams is also Dean of [[Duke University School of Medicine]] and the Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs at [[Duke University Medical Center]]
 +
* [[Alan J. Lacy]]<ref>BMS [http://investor.bms.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=106664&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1084109&highlight= Bristol-Myers Squibb Names Alan J. Lacy to Board of Directors] Accessed 20th December 2007</ref> (effective January 2, 2008) - Audit Committee.  Lacy is also currently a senior advisor to [[Oak Hill Capital Partners]] (a private equity investment firm). He was also previously employed by [[Sears Holdings Corporation]](previously known as  [[Sears, Roebuck and Co.]]) between 1994 to 2006 holding a variety of executive roles including chief executive officer and vice chairman.
  
 
==Affiliations==
 
==Affiliations==
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of cancer pharmacogenomics. <ref> PR Newswire[http://www.prnewswire.ca/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/11-11-1999/0001072763&EDATE= Bristol-Myers Squibb and Millennium Predictive Medicine Establish Unique Pharmacogenomics Alliance in Cancer Treatment] Accessed 20th December 2007</ref>
 
of cancer pharmacogenomics. <ref> PR Newswire[http://www.prnewswire.ca/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/11-11-1999/0001072763&EDATE= Bristol-Myers Squibb and Millennium Predictive Medicine Establish Unique Pharmacogenomics Alliance in Cancer Treatment] Accessed 20th December 2007</ref>
 
<ref>Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. [http://www.mlnm.com/media/alliances/index.asp Alliances] Accessed 20th December 2007</ref>
 
<ref>Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. [http://www.mlnm.com/media/alliances/index.asp Alliances] Accessed 20th December 2007</ref>
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In 2008, BMS is listed as a member of the [[International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations]]<ref>International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations [http://www.ifpma.org/About_Us/about_mem_europe.aspx Members] Accessed 11th March 2008</ref>
  
 
==Subsidiaries==
 
==Subsidiaries==
 
* [[Apothecon Inc.]] <ref>The United States Attorney's Office - District of Massachusetts  [http://boston.fbi.gov/dojpressrel/pressrel07/drugmarketing092807.htm BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB TO PAY MORE THAN $515 MILLION TO RESOLVE ALLEGATIONS OF ILLEGAL DRUG MARKETING AND PRICING] Accessed 20th December 2007</ref>  
 
* [[Apothecon Inc.]] <ref>The United States Attorney's Office - District of Massachusetts  [http://boston.fbi.gov/dojpressrel/pressrel07/drugmarketing092807.htm BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB TO PAY MORE THAN $515 MILLION TO RESOLVE ALLEGATIONS OF ILLEGAL DRUG MARKETING AND PRICING] Accessed 20th December 2007</ref>  
 
   
 
   
 +
==Patient Groups==
 +
For the period 2005 to 2007, BMS list 'financial relationships' with the following patient groups<ref> Bristol-Myers Squibb [http://www.b-ms.co.uk/info-for-patients2.htm Bristol-Myers Squibb and its financial relationship with patient groups and charitable organisations] Accessed 12th February 2008</ref>...
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* [[Addington Afro Ethnic Health Promotion Group]] (AAEGRO)
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* [[Black Health Agency]]
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* [[Blood Pressure Association]]
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* [[British Cardiac Patients Association]]
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* [[British Hypertension Society]]
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* [[British Liver Trust]]
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* [[Cecily's Fund]]
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* [[Cricket without Boundaries]]
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* [[Diabetes UK]]
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* [[HIV i-Base]]
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* [[HIV Pharmacy Association]]
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* [[HIV Scotland]]
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* [[Hounslow Bereavement Council]]
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* [[Leukaemia Care]]
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* [[Med Fash]]
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* [[National AlDS Map]] (NAM)
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* [[National AlDS Trust]] (NAT)
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* [[Pennine Acute Hospitals]]
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* [[Plus ve]]
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* [[Positively Women]]
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* [[Rethink]]
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* [[SANE]]
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* [[Shield Support Group]]
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* [[Stroke Association]]
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* [[Terrence Higgins Trust]] (THT)
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* [[UK Coalition of People Living with HIV and AIDS]] (UKC)
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* [[Waverley Care]]
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 +
<b>2007</b>
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* [[Hepatitis B Foundation UK]]
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* [[Circulation Foundation]]
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* [[CML Working Group]]
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* [[CML Support]]
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* [[CURE Leukaemia]]
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* The [[Royal Marsden Cancer Campaign]]
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* [[Target PAD]]
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* [[Teeside Positive Action]] (TPA)
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* [[Youth Cancer Trust]]
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 +
==PR, Lobbying and Business Intelligence firms==
 +
*[[JMC Partners LLP]]<ref> [http://www.appc.org.uk/members/register/register-profile/?company=JMC%20Partners%20LLP Register 1st September 2014 - 30th November 2014] ''APPC'', accessed 29 January 2015 </ref>
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 +
*[[Insight Public Affairs]]<ref> [http://www.appc.org.uk/members/register/register-profile/?company=Insight%20Public%20Affairs Register 1st September 2014 - 30th November 2014] ''APPC'', accessed 29 January 2015 </ref>
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*BMS are listed as a client of [[Blue Rubicon]].<ref> [http://www.appc.org.uk/members/register/register-profile/?company=Open%20Road/Blue%20Rubicon Register 1st September 2014 - 30th November 2014] ''APPC'', accessed 28 January 2015 </ref>
 +
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*The [[Gorlin Group]]<ref> [http://www.gorlingroup.com/ Clients], ''The Gorlin Group'', accessed 29 January 2015</ref>
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*Member of the [[American Benefits Council]]<ref> [http://www.americanbenefitscouncil.org/about/member_list.cfm Memberships], ''American Benefits Council'', accessed 29 January 2015</ref>
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 +
===Former PR, Lobbying and Business Intelligence firms===
 +
*In 2008 Bristol-Myers Squibb were listed as a client for [[Business Insights]]<ref> Business Insights [http://globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbhc0019m.pdf Patient Power: The shift towards more informed, more powerful consumers of drugs] Accessed 5th February 2008</ref>
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 +
*In 2008, Bristol-Myers Squibb were listed as a client for 'direct response television agency' [[A Eicoff and Company]]<ref> Eicoff [http://www.eicoff.com/ Clients] Accessed 12th February 2008</ref>, a division of [[Ogilvy and Mather]]<ref> Doherty, P.H. (1981) [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9501EFDB1738F931A35751C1A967948260  Advertising; Ogilvy & Mather Acquires A. Eicoff] <i>New York Times</i>.  2nd December 1981. Accessed 12th February 2008</ref>
 +
 +
*In 2008 Bristol-Myers Squibb are also listed as a client of [[Innovex]]<ref> Innovex [http://www.innovexcareers.com/content_static/c_ourcustomers.asp?session_id={212F403D-EE9F-433B-A03A-E66AB35FB45E} Our Customers] Accessed 12th February 2008</ref>
 +
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
  
 
[[Category:Pharmaceutical Industry]]
 
[[Category:Pharmaceutical Industry]]
 +
[[Category:Big Pharma]]

Latest revision as of 14:40, 29 January 2015

Illegal Drug Marketing and Pricing

In September 2007 the United States Department of Justice announced that Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (BMS) and its wholly owned subsidiary, Apothecon, Inc., have agreed to pay over $515 million to resolve a broad array of civil allegations involving their drug marketing and pricing practices [1]

BMS is accused of fraudulently inflating the cost of their drugs, illegally providing renumeration to physicians and other health care providers to induce them to purchase BMS drugs, and pushing for the use of their drugs for 'off label' purposes. As part of the settlement, Bristol-Myers Squibb entered into a Corporate Integrity Agreement with the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services.

The Department of Justice reports how BMS stands accused of a wide assortment of illegal marketing and pricing practices under the False Claims Act (see Bristol-Myers Squibb Illegal Activities)

The investigation was conducted by a variety of agencies including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) who’s former Director (Louis J Freeh ) now sits on the Board of Directors for BMS.

Management

Management Council

  • James M Cornelius has been a member of the Bristol-Myers Board since January 2005. In April 2007 he was elected chief executive officer for the company’s Board of Directors. [2] His biography reports that 'Cornelius was a member of the Board of Directors of Lilly (Eli Lilly), a member of its Executive Committee and chief financial officer from 1983 to 1995. From 1980-1982, he served as president and CEO of IVAC Corporation, previously a Lilly subsidiary. Cornelius continues to serve on the Boards of Given Imaging Ltd and the DIRECTV Group'.
'responsible for all of Bristol-Myers Squibb’s pharmaceutical operations worldwide, as well as Technical Operations and Global Marketing. Andreotti joined Bristol-Myers Squibb in 1998 as vice president and general manager, Italy and European Oncology. In 2000, he was named president, Europe. In November 2002, Andreotti became senior vice president and president, International. He was appointed to his current position in September 2005. Prior to joining Bristol-Myers Squibb, Andreotti held various senior roles at KABI Pharmacia and then at Pharmacia and Upjohn'.[3]
  • Stephen E Bear - Senior Vice President, Human Resources. Bear's biography for BMS describes how...
'Bear worked for the company from 1985 through May 1999 and held a variety of senior leadership positions in marketing strategy and general management. Notably Bear served as president, Worldwide Consumer Medicines, and executive vice president of Strategy for the Consumer Group. His prior assignments included roles based both in the U.S. and internationally'.[4]
  • Andrew R J Bonfield - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Bonfield joined Bristol-Myers Squibb in September 2002. He previously served as director of Finance at the BG Group PLC, an international energy company. Prior to that, he was chief financial officer at SmithKline Beecham (now GlaxoSmithKline) with responsiblity for all aspects of the company’s finances.[5]
  • John E Celentano - President, Health Care Group. Celentano was appointed as president in December 2005. He has responsibility for all of the company’s non- pharmaceutical businesses, including Mead Johnson Nutritionals, ConvaTec and Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging. Celentano joined the company in 1982 as a sales representative. His biography reports how
'he has risen rapidly through the ranks in sales, market research, product management and general management. In 1994, as a result of the divestiture of Squibb Diagnostics, Celentano left Bristol-Myers Squibb for two years. He rejoined the company as senior director, Anti-Infectives. He was subsequently promoted to general manager, Puerto Rico and the Caribbean. In 1999, Celentano was appointed vice president and general manager, Northern Europe, and in 2002 he was promoted to president, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean. Celentano’s most recent position was president, Canada and Latin America'.[6]
  • Anthony C Hooper - President, U.S. Pharmaceuticals since January 2004. Hooper's biography states that
'Hooper joined Bristol-Myers Squibb in 1996 as general manager, Bristol-Myers Squibb Australia/New Zealand. He was then promoted to managing director, United Kingdom and Ireland, followed by his role of vice president and general manager for Northern Europe. In 2000 Hooper became President, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Southern Africa, International Medicines. From 2001 to 2002, he was President, Intercontinental, International Medicines. In 2002 to 2004, Hooper was President, Europe, Middle East and Africa, Worldwide Medicines Group. Prior to joining Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hooper was assistant vice president of Marketing for Wyeth Laboratories International. He also worked for Lederle International in New Jersey, Lederle Laboratories in South Africa and South African' Cyanamid Pty. Ltd.[7]
  • Elliott Sigal - Executive Vice President, Chief Scientific Officer and President (Research and Development)

Sigal joined Bristol-Myers Squibb in November 1997 and been a member of the company's Executive Committee since 2001. Prior to this he worked with pharmaceutical company Syntex and the genomics firm Mercator Genetics [9]

  • Robert T Zito - Senior Vice President, Corporate and Business Communications and Chief Communications Officer.

Zito joined Bristol-Myers Squibb in June 2004. His role at BMS includes corporate brand management, advertising, media relations, employee communications, policy communications, executive communications, creative services and community affairs. He previously worked for the New York Stock Exchange and prior to this he was vice president of Corporate Communications for SONY Corporation of America. Other previous affiliations include CN Communications (as vice president) and Hill and Knowlton (as account executive). In October 2007, his BMS biography reports that he serves on the boards of the Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation, St. Peter’s Prep, FDNY Foundation and Cento Amici. [10]

Board of Directors

In 2007, the Board of Directors for BMS is comprised of [11]...

Affiliations

In 2007 Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) announced collaboration with Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc. in the development of cardiovascular disease treatment[16].

2007 also saw BMS enter in partnership with Pfizer for a worldwide collaboration to develop and commercialize apixaban (an anticoagulant for the prevention and treatment of a broad range of venous and arterial thrombotic conditions). BMS also reports that 'in a separate agreement, the companies will also collaborate on the research, development and commercialization of a Pfizer discovery program which includes advanced pre-clinical compounds with potential applications for the treatment of metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes'.[17]

In February 2007, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (NYSE: BMY) and Adnexus Therapeutics announced a worldwide strategic alliance to discover, develop and commercialize Adnectin-based therapeutics for oncology-related targets[18].

'Under the terms of the agreement, Bristol-Myers Squibb will provide committed funds of approximately $30 million over the next three years to Adnexus... Adnexus also is eligible to receive regulatory milestone payments of up to $210 million per product, as well as royalties on product sales and sales-based milestone payments'.

BMS also entered into partnership with AstraZeneca in 2007 to 'develop and commercialize' compounds for the treatment of type 2 diabetes[19].

In 2007, Bristol-Myers Squibb also announced an alliance with Gilead Sciences, Inc to commercialize ATRIPLA(R) (for the treatment of HIV-1)[20]. BMS report that, if approved, 'ATRIPLA would represent the first and only once-daily single tablet regimen for HIV-1 infection in the European Union'. In order to commercialize ATRIPLA, Bristol-Myers Squibb reached an agreement with Merck and Co. Inc. who previously had the exclusive right to market any product containing efavirenz (a component of ATRIPLA) in all European countries other than the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the Republic of Ireland.

In 2006, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company announced that Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. had been granted exclusive rights in Japan to develop and commercialize the investigational compound saxagliptin (a treatment discovered by BMS for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes).[21]

In 1999, BMS entered into a 5 year partnership agreement with Millennium Predictive Medicine, Inc. (MPMx) (a majority-owned subsidiary of Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) in the field of cancer pharmacogenomics. [22] [23]

In 2008, BMS is listed as a member of the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations[24]

Subsidiaries

Patient Groups

For the period 2005 to 2007, BMS list 'financial relationships' with the following patient groups[26]...

2007

PR, Lobbying and Business Intelligence firms

Former PR, Lobbying and Business Intelligence firms

  • In 2008 Bristol-Myers Squibb are also listed as a client of Innovex[35]

References

  1. ↑ The United States Attorney's Office - District of Massachusetts BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB TO PAY MORE THAN $515 MILLION TO RESOLVE ALLEGATIONS OF ILLEGAL DRUG MARKETING AND PRICING Accessed 20th December 2007
  2. ↑ BMS Corporate Governance - Cornelius Accessed 16th December 2007
  3. ↑ BMS Corporate Governance - Andreotti Accessed 16th December 2007
  4. ↑ Corporate Governance - Bear Accessed 16th December 2007
  5. ↑ BMS Corporate Governance - Bonfield Accessed 16th December 2007
  6. ↑ BMS Corporate Governance - Celentano Accessed 16th December 2007
  7. ↑ BMS Corporate Governance - Hooper Accessed 16th December 2007
  8. ↑ BMS Corporate Governance Accessed 20th December 2007
  9. ↑ BMS Corporate Governance - Sigal Accessed 20th December 2007
  10. ↑ BMS Corporate Governance - Zito Accessed 20th December 2007
  11. ↑ BMS Board of Directors Accessed 20th December 2007
  12. ↑ Coca Cola Company James D Robinson Accessed 21st January 2008
  13. ↑ Textron Inc. Lewis B Campbell Accessed 20th December 2007
  14. ↑ BMS Bristol-Myers Squibb Names Louis J. Freeh to Board of Directors Accessed 20th December 2007
  15. ↑ BMS Bristol-Myers Squibb Names Alan J. Lacy to Board of Directors Accessed 20th December 2007
  16. ↑ BMS Bristol-Myers Squibb Enters Cardiovascular Disease Collaboration With Isis Pharmaceuticals Accessed 16th December 2007
  17. ↑ BMS Bristol-Myers Squibb and Pfizer Announce Worldwide Collaboration to Develop and Commercialize Anticoagulant and Metabolic Compounds Accessed 16th December 2007
  18. ↑ BMS Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and Adnexus Therapeutics Announce Collaboration to Develop and Commercialize Innovative Oncology Compounds Accessed 16th December 2007
  19. ↑ BMS Bristol-Myers Squibb and AstraZeneca Announce Worldwide Collaboration to Develop and Commercialize Diabetes Compounds Accessed 16th December 2007
  20. ↑ BMS Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences Expand Their Alliance to Include Commercialization of ATRIPLA(R) (efavirenz 600 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg) in Europe Accessed 16th December 2007
  21. ↑ BMS Bristol-Myers Squibb and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Announce Exclusive Licensing Agreement for Diabetes Compound Saxagliptin in Japan Accessed 16th December 2007
  22. ↑ PR NewswireBristol-Myers Squibb and Millennium Predictive Medicine Establish Unique Pharmacogenomics Alliance in Cancer Treatment Accessed 20th December 2007
  23. ↑ Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Alliances Accessed 20th December 2007
  24. ↑ International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations Members Accessed 11th March 2008
  25. ↑ The United States Attorney's Office - District of Massachusetts BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB TO PAY MORE THAN $515 MILLION TO RESOLVE ALLEGATIONS OF ILLEGAL DRUG MARKETING AND PRICING Accessed 20th December 2007
  26. ↑ Bristol-Myers Squibb Bristol-Myers Squibb and its financial relationship with patient groups and charitable organisations Accessed 12th February 2008
  27. ↑ Register 1st September 2014 - 30th November 2014 APPC, accessed 29 January 2015
  28. ↑ Register 1st September 2014 - 30th November 2014 APPC, accessed 29 January 2015
  29. ↑ Register 1st September 2014 - 30th November 2014 APPC, accessed 28 January 2015
  30. ↑ Clients, The Gorlin Group, accessed 29 January 2015
  31. ↑ Memberships, American Benefits Council, accessed 29 January 2015
  32. ↑ Business Insights Patient Power: The shift towards more informed, more powerful consumers of drugs Accessed 5th February 2008
  33. ↑ Eicoff Clients Accessed 12th February 2008
  34. ↑ Doherty, P.H. (1981) Advertising; Ogilvy & Mather Acquires A. Eicoff New York Times. 2nd December 1981. Accessed 12th February 2008
  35. ↑ Innovex Our Customers Accessed 12th February 2008
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