Difference between revisions of "Aims of Industry"
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| − | '''Aims of Industry''' was founded in 1942 as an independent free enterprise corporate lobby group by business leaders in industry. It came into existence to combat nationalisation of key British industries such as sugar, iron and steel. It campaigned against the creation of the National Health Service in 1945. It was known as Aims for Freedom and Enterprise from 1975-78 and Aims from 1978-80. | + | '''Aims of Industry''' was founded in 1942 as an independent free enterprise corporate lobby group by business leaders in industry. It came into existence to combat nationalisation of key British industries such as sugar, iron and steel. It campaigned against the creation of the National Health Service in 1945. It was known as [[Aims for Freedom and Enterprise]] from 1975-78 and [[Aims]] from 1978-80. |
| − | [[File:The End of Freedom in Britain.jpg|thumb|right| | + | [[File:The End of Freedom in Britain.jpg|thumb|right|200px|'The End of Freedom in Britain', 1973 press advert from [[Aims of Industry]] in [[The Times]], 28 December 1973; p. 4; Issue 58974; col A. ]] |
Although not directly involved in party politics, Aims of Industry is closely linked to the [[Conservative Party]] and the [[Freedom Association]]. | Although not directly involved in party politics, Aims of Industry is closely linked to the [[Conservative Party]] and the [[Freedom Association]]. | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
* To oppose, and wherever possible reduce, unnecessary government intervention by state ownership, control or excessive bureaucracy.<ref>Hubert Starley ''40 Years Fighting for Free Enterprise: A Personal History of Aims of Industry'', Aims of Industry.</ref> | * To oppose, and wherever possible reduce, unnecessary government intervention by state ownership, control or excessive bureaucracy.<ref>Hubert Starley ''40 Years Fighting for Free Enterprise: A Personal History of Aims of Industry'', Aims of Industry.</ref> | ||
| − | [[File:The Moment of Truth.jpg|thumb|right| | + | [[File:The Moment of Truth.jpg|thumb|right|200px|'The moment of truth', press advert from [[Aims of Industry]] in The [[Daily Mirror]], 2 October 1974; p. 25.]] |
| − | [[File:One out All Out.jpg|thumb|right| | + | [[File:One out All Out.jpg|thumb|right|200px|'One out, All out!', press advert from [[Aims of Industry]] in ''[[The Daily Mirror]]'', 26 February 1974; p. 22.]] |
In its early years Aims was at the forefront of corporate campaigning against democratic decision making in Britain. When the Conservative Party split over Europe in the 1980s and 90s, some of Aims key leaders took the 'Eurosceptic' side, rendering them marginal in transnational business circles - so much so that the 'pro-european' lobby group [[Britain in Europe]] backed by Transnational business carried a profile of them: | In its early years Aims was at the forefront of corporate campaigning against democratic decision making in Britain. When the Conservative Party split over Europe in the 1980s and 90s, some of Aims key leaders took the 'Eurosceptic' side, rendering them marginal in transnational business circles - so much so that the 'pro-european' lobby group [[Britain in Europe]] backed by Transnational business carried a profile of them: | ||
| − | :In March 1998 Aims of Industry launched a Campaign against the European Single Currency. Two Council members of Aims of Industry, Sir Nigel Mobbs and [[Jamie Borwick]] (Sponsor/Patron, [[Bruges Group]], since 1989) were National Council members of [[Business for Sterling]].<ref>[http://www.britainineurope.org.uk/new/sh_antieu.phtml?fid=60 Aims of Industry profile], ''Britain in Europe'' website, accessed January 2004. No longer online, but available via the [http://web.archive.org/web/20030503232748/http://www.britainineurope.org.uk/new/sh_antieu.phtml?fid=60 Internet Archive]</ref> | + | :In March 1998 Aims of Industry launched a Campaign against the European Single Currency. Two Council members of Aims of Industry, Sir Nigel Mobbs and [[Jamie Borwick]] (Sponsor/Patron, [[Bruges Group]], since 1989) were National Council members of [[Business for Sterling]].<ref name="BiE">[http://www.britainineurope.org.uk/new/sh_antieu.phtml?fid=60 Aims of Industry profile], ''Britain in Europe'' website, accessed January 2004. No longer online, but available via the [http://web.archive.org/web/20030503232748/http://www.britainineurope.org.uk/new/sh_antieu.phtml?fid=60 Internet Archive]</ref> |
==Personnel== | ==Personnel== | ||
| + | ===1942 - Founding members=== | ||
| + | [[Lord Perry of Stock Harvard]], Chair of the [[Ford Motor Co.]] | [[S B Askew]] | [[A N Mobbs]] | Sir [[Felix Pole]] | [[J Arthur Rank]] | [[J V Rank]] | [[H G Starley]] | Sir [[George Usher]] | [[Garfield Weston]]<ref name="Thirty">Aims of Industry ''[http://www.scribd.com/doc/41992779/Aims-of-Industry 30 years of Aims of Industry]'' London: Aims of Industry 1972.</ref> | ||
| + | ===1950s=== | ||
| + | *[[Bertie Bridges Webb]] Director from 1957-1970 | ||
| + | ===1972=== | ||
| + | ====Council==== | ||
| + | Sir [[Ian Lyle]], President of the council | Sir [[John Reiss]], chairman of the council Col. [[B C Lockhart-Jervis]], Deputy chairman of the Council | [[R W Dean]] | [[P L Fleming]] | [[W R B Foster]] | [[L S Hargreaves]] | Sir [[George Harriman]] | [[J P Hourston]] | [[W E Luke]] | [[T Steward Mackie]] | [[G A Mobbs]] | [[Michael A Sinclair Scott]] | [[L W Stevenson]] | [[F taylor]] | [[Nigel Vinson]] | Col. [[W H Whitbread]] | [[H A Whitson]] | [[R H Wilkins]] | Director [[Michael Ivens]]<ref name="Thirty"/> | ||
| + | ===1974=== | ||
| + | President of the council Sir [[Ian Lyle]] | Chairman of the council Sir [[John Reiss]] | | ||
| + | Vice-Presidents Col. [[B C Lockhart-Jervis]] | [[Hubert Starley]] | ||
| + | Council: [[R W Dean]] | ||
| + | Director [[Michael Ivens]]<ref>''Reds under the Bed'', Aims of Industry (January 1974)</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===2003=== | ||
*Lord [[Michael Forsyth]] of Drumlean, president (former Conservative Secretary of State for Scotland, 1995-97) | *Lord [[Michael Forsyth]] of Drumlean, president (former Conservative Secretary of State for Scotland, 1995-97) | ||
| − | *Sir [[Nigel Mobbs]], Chairman | + | *Sir [[Nigel Mobbs]], Chairman<ref name="BiE"/> |
| + | ===Other people=== | ||
*[[Mike Fisher]], Trustee | *[[Mike Fisher]], Trustee | ||
| − | + | *[[John Lyle]] Chairman in 1982, of the Sugar corporation [[Tate and Lyle]] | |
| − | *[[John Lyle]] Chairman in 1982, | + | *Its former Director and Consultant was [[Michael Ivens]] (Joint Founder and Vice-President, [[Freedom Association]], 1975-2001). <ref>Obituary: 'Michael Ivens: Champion of the libertarian right and business freedom', Roger Cowe, Wednesday November 21, 2001 The ''Guardian'' [http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/business/story/0,9844,603039,00.html]</ref> |
| − | Its former Director and Consultant was [[Michael Ivens]] (Joint Founder and Vice-President, [[Freedom Association]], 1975-2001). | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | == | + | ==Membership and funding== |
| + | In 2004 Aims of Industry claimed 800 members, with six full-time members of staff.<ref name="BiE"/> | ||
| − | Past funders are thought to have included [[Balfour Beatty]] [http://www.corporatewatch.org.uk/magazine/issue1/cw1f4.html] and [[Slough Estates]] [http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/press_releases/20010604000146.html]. [[British American Tobacco]] supported Aims from 1949 until 1991 [http://bat.library.ucsf.edu/tid/yqa40a99], [http://bat.library.ucsf.edu/tid/oxc40a99]. | + | Past funders are thought to have included [[Balfour Beatty]] <ref>[http://www.corporatewatch.org.uk/magazine/issue1/cw1f4.html]</ref> and [[Slough Estates]] <ref>[http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/press_releases/20010604000146.html Tories' business backers: are they ethical?], ''[[Friends of the Earth]]'' press release, 4 June 2001.</ref> [[British American Tobacco]] supported Aims from 1949 until 1991.<ref> [http://bat.library.ucsf.edu/tid/yqa40a99], [http://bat.library.ucsf.edu/tid/oxc40a99].</ref> |
==Campaigns== | ==Campaigns== | ||
| Line 39: | Line 52: | ||
:History’s most famous sugar lump was ‘Mr Cube’, an animated cartoon character born in July 1949 in a climate of grey austerity, rationing and contentious nationalisation proposals. Mr Cube became sugar’s brand image, the company logo of Tate & Lyle and a symbol of political embarrassment and electoral setback for the Labour government in the February 1950 General Election. | :History’s most famous sugar lump was ‘Mr Cube’, an animated cartoon character born in July 1949 in a climate of grey austerity, rationing and contentious nationalisation proposals. Mr Cube became sugar’s brand image, the company logo of Tate & Lyle and a symbol of political embarrassment and electoral setback for the Labour government in the February 1950 General Election. | ||
| − | :[[Peter Runge]], the company’s campaign strategist, has recalled how ‘we were strongly advised to have a cartoon character who, if he caught the public’s imagination, could say the most outrageous things and get away with it, and who could act as a buffer between the public and [[Tate & Lyle]]’. Brandishing his sword of free enterprise and protected by his T&L shield, Mr Cube would ‘say sensible, cogent or outrageous things’ with appropriate grimaces and gesticulations, allowing Tates to ‘concentrate on attacking the Socialist policy in a somewhat more dignified manner’. | + | :[[Peter Runge]], the company’s campaign strategist, has recalled how ‘we were strongly advised to have a cartoon character who, if he caught the public’s imagination, could say the most outrageous things and get away with it, and who could act as a buffer between the public and [[Tate & Lyle]]’. Brandishing his sword of free enterprise and protected by his T&L shield, Mr Cube would ‘say sensible, cogent or outrageous things’ with appropriate grimaces and gesticulations, allowing Tates to ‘concentrate on attacking the Socialist policy in a somewhat more dignified manner’. <ref>Ron Noon, '[http://www.historytoday.com/dt_main_allatonce.asp?gid=17285&g17285=x&g17272=x&g30026=x&g20991=x&g21010=x&g19965=x&g19963=x&amid=17285 Goodbye Mr Cube]', History Today, October 2001 | Volume: 51 Issue: 10 | Page 40 - 22</ref> |
| − | ==Publications, Related, | + | ==Publications, Related, Resources and References== |
===Aims of Industry publications=== | ===Aims of Industry publications=== | ||
| Line 63: | Line 76: | ||
*Import Deposits: A Survey of Effects on Industry and Business, Aims of Industry (January 1969) | *Import Deposits: A Survey of Effects on Industry and Business, Aims of Industry (January 1969) | ||
*Industry and Political Contributions , Aims of Industry (January 1969) | *Industry and Political Contributions , Aims of Industry (January 1969) | ||
| + | [[File:Aims_of_Industry_-_Reds_under_the_bed?_-_1974.jpg|right|thumb|200px|''Reds under the Bed'', Aims of Industry (January 1974)]] | ||
====1970s==== | ====1970s==== | ||
*The Winter of Our Discontents, Aims of Industry (January 1970) | *The Winter of Our Discontents, Aims of Industry (January 1970) | ||
| Line 72: | Line 86: | ||
* Aims of Industry, ''[http://www.spinprofiles.org/images/9/94/OPP.pdf Organised Political Pressure on Companies]'' Anti-Anti-Report (Counter Counter Information Services), January 1973 | * Aims of Industry, ''[http://www.spinprofiles.org/images/9/94/OPP.pdf Organised Political Pressure on Companies]'' Anti-Anti-Report (Counter Counter Information Services), January 1973 | ||
*To Fight Together or Hang Separately against the Most Corporatist Document, Aims of Industry (January 1973) | *To Fight Together or Hang Separately against the Most Corporatist Document, Aims of Industry (January 1973) | ||
| − | * Alan Walters ''[http://www.spinprofiles.org/images/6/6a/Money_and_Inflation.pdf Money and Inflation]'' Aims of Industry, undated, but around 1974.*Organisation and Financing of the French Communist Party, Aims of Industry (January 1974) | + | * [[Alan Arthur Walters|Alan Walters]] ''[http://www.spinprofiles.org/images/6/6a/Money_and_Inflation.pdf Money and Inflation]'' Aims of Industry, undated, but around 1974. |
| + | *Organisation and Financing of the French Communist Party, Aims of Industry (January 1974) | ||
*Shipbuilding, Ship Repairing & Marine Engineering:Suppliers' Attitudes to Nationalization: Suppliers' Attitudes to Nationalization , Aims of Industry (January 1974) | *Shipbuilding, Ship Repairing & Marine Engineering:Suppliers' Attitudes to Nationalization: Suppliers' Attitudes to Nationalization , Aims of Industry (January 1974) | ||
*Mass Unemployment, Can It Be Halted, Aims of Industry (January 1974) | *Mass Unemployment, Can It Be Halted, Aims of Industry (January 1974) | ||
| Line 109: | Line 124: | ||
====Resources==== | ====Resources==== | ||
| + | *Michael Ivens [http://archive.tribunemagazine.co.uk/article/6th-march-1964/3/aims-of-industry Aims of Industry], 6 March 1964 | ||
*Labour Research Department [http://www.spinprofiles.org/images/7/71/Economic_League_1953.pdf Who is Behind Them?], May 1953. | *Labour Research Department [http://www.spinprofiles.org/images/7/71/Economic_League_1953.pdf Who is Behind Them?], May 1953. | ||
*[http://jcgi.pathfinder.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,855015,00.html Sugar Slogans] Time, Aug. 29, 1949 | *[http://jcgi.pathfinder.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,855015,00.html Sugar Slogans] Time, Aug. 29, 1949 | ||
| + | *LSE Library collection of publications by [https://catalogue.lse.ac.uk/Author/Home?author=Aims%20of%20Industry. Aims of Industry] | ||
| + | *National Archives Register of Archives [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?ID=O34343 Aims of Industry] | ||
| + | *Chris Marsden, "[http://www.wsws.org/articles/1999/aug1999/ocal-a24.shtml British mercenaries planned assassination of Kurdish leader Abdullah Ocalan]", ''Sunday Times'', 24 August 1999. | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
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Latest revision as of 13:07, 16 October 2011
Aims of Industry was founded in 1942 as an independent free enterprise corporate lobby group by business leaders in industry. It came into existence to combat nationalisation of key British industries such as sugar, iron and steel. It campaigned against the creation of the National Health Service in 1945. It was known as Aims for Freedom and Enterprise from 1975-78 and Aims from 1978-80.
'The End of Freedom in Britain', 1973 press advert from Aims of Industry in The Times, 28 December 1973; p. 4; Issue 58974; col A.
Although not directly involved in party politics, Aims of Industry is closely linked to the Conservative Party and the Freedom Association.
It makes an annual "National Free Enterprise Award", recipients of which have included F.A. Hayek, Margaret Thatcher and John Blundell.
Contents
Aims' Objectives
According to the history of Aims published by the organisation in 1982 their objectives were:
- To defend free enterprise and freedom
- To create a public belief in free enterprise so that the government can take the right decisions and companies can achieve their objectives.
- To oppose, and wherever possible reduce, unnecessary government intervention by state ownership, control or excessive bureaucracy.[1]
'The moment of truth', press advert from Aims of Industry in The Daily Mirror, 2 October 1974; p. 25.
'One out, All out!', press advert from Aims of Industry in The Daily Mirror, 26 February 1974; p. 22.
In its early years Aims was at the forefront of corporate campaigning against democratic decision making in Britain. When the Conservative Party split over Europe in the 1980s and 90s, some of Aims key leaders took the 'Eurosceptic' side, rendering them marginal in transnational business circles - so much so that the 'pro-european' lobby group Britain in Europe backed by Transnational business carried a profile of them:
- In March 1998 Aims of Industry launched a Campaign against the European Single Currency. Two Council members of Aims of Industry, Sir Nigel Mobbs and Jamie Borwick (Sponsor/Patron, Bruges Group, since 1989) were National Council members of Business for Sterling.[2]
Personnel
1942 - Founding members
Lord Perry of Stock Harvard, Chair of the Ford Motor Co. | S B Askew | A N Mobbs | Sir Felix Pole | J Arthur Rank | J V Rank | H G Starley | Sir George Usher | Garfield Weston[3]
1950s
- Bertie Bridges Webb Director from 1957-1970
1972
Council
Sir Ian Lyle, President of the council | Sir John Reiss, chairman of the council Col. B C Lockhart-Jervis, Deputy chairman of the Council | R W Dean | P L Fleming | W R B Foster | L S Hargreaves | Sir George Harriman | J P Hourston | W E Luke | T Steward Mackie | G A Mobbs | Michael A Sinclair Scott | L W Stevenson | F taylor | Nigel Vinson | Col. W H Whitbread | H A Whitson | R H Wilkins | Director Michael Ivens[3]
1974
President of the council Sir Ian Lyle | Chairman of the council Sir John Reiss | Vice-Presidents Col. B C Lockhart-Jervis | Hubert Starley Council: R W Dean Director Michael Ivens[4]
2003
- Lord Michael Forsyth of Drumlean, president (former Conservative Secretary of State for Scotland, 1995-97)
- Sir Nigel Mobbs, Chairman[2]
Other people
- Mike Fisher, Trustee
- John Lyle Chairman in 1982, of the Sugar corporation Tate and Lyle
- Its former Director and Consultant was Michael Ivens (Joint Founder and Vice-President, Freedom Association, 1975-2001). [5]
Membership and funding
In 2004 Aims of Industry claimed 800 members, with six full-time members of staff.[2]
Past funders are thought to have included Balfour Beatty [6] and Slough Estates [7] British American Tobacco supported Aims from 1949 until 1991.[8]
Campaigns
Tate not state
- History’s most famous sugar lump was ‘Mr Cube’, an animated cartoon character born in July 1949 in a climate of grey austerity, rationing and contentious nationalisation proposals. Mr Cube became sugar’s brand image, the company logo of Tate & Lyle and a symbol of political embarrassment and electoral setback for the Labour government in the February 1950 General Election.
- Peter Runge, the company’s campaign strategist, has recalled how ‘we were strongly advised to have a cartoon character who, if he caught the public’s imagination, could say the most outrageous things and get away with it, and who could act as a buffer between the public and Tate & Lyle’. Brandishing his sword of free enterprise and protected by his T&L shield, Mr Cube would ‘say sensible, cogent or outrageous things’ with appropriate grimaces and gesticulations, allowing Tates to ‘concentrate on attacking the Socialist policy in a somewhat more dignified manner’. [9]
Publications, Related, Resources and References
Aims of Industry publications
1940s
Aims published a series titled 'The Voice of Industry', in the 1940s and 1950s. vol.1 no.5 - Vol.1 no.13 were published between 1946-1953[10]
- Lord Perry, Industry in Reconstruction, Aims of Industry, 1943.
- Sir Roland Evans Industry: The Key to National Security Aims of Industry, March 1944.
- 'Tell them in Simple Terms', The Voice of Industry[10]
- G. L. Schwartz, 'Bulk Purchases - the case against state trading' The Voice of Industry[10]
- John Robert Clynes Stop the Class War in Industry, The Voice of Industry Aims of Industry, 1946[11]
- 'The Case for the Liverpool Cotton Exchange', The Voice of Industry[10]
- 'Greater Production or a Lower Level of Life' The Voice of Industry[10]
1950s
1960s
- A Case for a Tax Refund to Industry, Aims of Industry (January 1968)
- Import Deposits: A Survey of Effects on Industry and Business, Aims of Industry (January 1969)
- Industry and Political Contributions , Aims of Industry (January 1969)
1970s
- The Winter of Our Discontents, Aims of Industry (January 1970)
- Posts and Telephones: a Survey of Users' Reports on Service, Aims of Industry (January 1970)
- Dead Ducks and Lame Ducks - Must the Public Always Pay, Aims of Industry (January 1972)
- Aims of Industry 30 years of Aims of Industry London: Aims of Industry 1972. ISBN: 090003565X
- Edition Programme, Aims of Industry (January 1973)
- Industrial Concentration and Public Policy, Aims of Industry (January 1973)
- Aims of Industry, Organised Political Pressure on Companies Anti-Anti-Report (Counter Counter Information Services), January 1973
- To Fight Together or Hang Separately against the Most Corporatist Document, Aims of Industry (January 1973)
- Alan Walters Money and Inflation Aims of Industry, undated, but around 1974.
- Organisation and Financing of the French Communist Party, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- Shipbuilding, Ship Repairing & Marine Engineering:Suppliers' Attitudes to Nationalization: Suppliers' Attitudes to Nationalization , Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- Mass Unemployment, Can It Be Halted, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- Guide to Industrial Participation: Essential Steps, Essential Research, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- Halfway to 1984 - 1979, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- The Industries That Labour Wants to Nationalize:Ship Building: Ship Repairing & Marine Engineering, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- The Industries That Labour Wants to Nationalize:Insurance: Insurance, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- Socialists on the Board: The Case against the National Enterprise Board, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- Local Government Corruption: Cancer and Cure, Aims of Industry (January 1973) *Evidence for the Royal Commission on the Press, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- Always to Be Shielded: Must We Move towards Unionocracy, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- The Industry Act: Should Industry Help the Executioner, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- The Industries That Labour Wants to Nationalize: the 100 Top Companies, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- Mr. Shelepin Smiles: Radical Revolutionary Transformations and the Tactics of Confrontation, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- The Industries That Labour Wants to Nationalize:Construction, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- The Industries That Labour Wants to Nationalize: Pharmaceuticals, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- The Industries That Labour Wants to Nationalize: Land, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- Reds under the Bed, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- The Trade Union and Labour Relations (Amendment) Bill: The Right to Work-the Right to Write, Aims of Industry (January 1975)
- Trouble at Britain's Docks, Aims of Industry (January 1975)
- Let's Back the Workers on Nationalization, and the Labour Voter, Too, Aims for Freedom and Enterprise (January 1975)
- Evidence to the Committee on Aid to Political Parties, Aims for Freedom and Enterprise (January 1975)
- Electors' Opinions on the Communist Danger to Britain and British Industry: A Survey Carried Out for Aims of Industry by NOP Market Research, Aims of Industry (January 1975)
- The Image of Britain Abroad: An Investigation of Attitudes by Foreign Correspondents to British Industry, Aims for Freedom and Enterprise (January 1975)
- Progress Report from KGB Station Chief, London, England to Comrade Yuri Andropov, KGB Supreme Chief, Moscow, Date, Eve of 25th Communist Party Congress, 1976 (Special Report as Requested), Aims for Freedom and Enterprise (January 1976)
- Attitudes of Students to Politics, Economics and Society: Survey, Aims for Freedom and Enterprise (January 1976)
- Trade Union Political Funds , Michael William Ivens Aims for Freedom and Enterprise (January 1978)
- International Papers on the Revival of Freedom & Enterprise by Michael William Ivens, Aims for Freedom and Enterprise (January 1978)
1980s
- Michael Forsyth MP Barriers to Privatisation, Aims of Industry, 1984.
- Hubert Starley 40 Years Fighting for Free Enterprise: A Personal History of Aims of Industry, Aims of Industry.
Related
- Economic League
- Scottish Free Enterprise Award Award given by Aims
Resources
- Michael Ivens Aims of Industry, 6 March 1964
- Labour Research Department Who is Behind Them?, May 1953.
- Sugar Slogans Time, Aug. 29, 1949
- LSE Library collection of publications by Aims of Industry
- National Archives Register of Archives Aims of Industry
- Chris Marsden, "British mercenaries planned assassination of Kurdish leader Abdullah Ocalan", Sunday Times, 24 August 1999.
References
- ↑ Hubert Starley 40 Years Fighting for Free Enterprise: A Personal History of Aims of Industry, Aims of Industry.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Aims of Industry profile, Britain in Europe website, accessed January 2004. No longer online, but available via the Internet Archive
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Aims of Industry 30 years of Aims of Industry London: Aims of Industry 1972.
- ↑ Reds under the Bed, Aims of Industry (January 1974)
- ↑ Obituary: 'Michael Ivens: Champion of the libertarian right and business freedom', Roger Cowe, Wednesday November 21, 2001 The Guardian [1]
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ Tories' business backers: are they ethical?, Friends of the Earth press release, 4 June 2001.
- ↑ [3], [4].
- ↑ Ron Noon, 'Goodbye Mr Cube', History Today, October 2001 | Volume: 51 Issue: 10 | Page 40 - 22
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Warwick University Federation of British Industries collection 1916 - 1965
- ↑ Amazon.co..uk John Robert Clynes
