Difference between revisions of "Laurie Mylroie"

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[[Image:Laurie Mylroie.jpg|right|thumb|Laurie Mylroie]]
 
[[Image:Laurie Mylroie.jpg|right|thumb|Laurie Mylroie]]
Mylroie is a terrorologist and propagandist who argued that there was a link between Saddam Hussein and Al Qaeda. She was an associate professor at the U.S. Naval War College and an advisor on Iraq to Bill Clinton in his 1992 campaign for President. She is now an adjunct fellow at the [[American Enterprise Institute]].
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Laurie Mylroie is a neoconservative terrorologist and think tanker who argued that there was a link between Iraq and Al Qaeda. Prior to the 1991 Gulf War she was a leading apologist for Saddam Hussein's regime. She was an associate professor at the U.S. Naval War College and an advisor on Iraq to Bill Clinton in his 1992 campaign for President. She is now an adjunct fellow at the [[American Enterprise Institute]].
  
 
==Iraq-Al Qaeda claims==
 
==Iraq-Al Qaeda claims==
 
[[Image:A Study of Revenge.jpg|left|thumb|180px|Mylroie's 2000 book ''Study of Revenge: Saddam Hussein's Unfinished War Against America'']]Mylroie has claimed that 'The New York FBI office...strongly believed Iraq was behind the 1993 Trade Center attack,' but that, 'The Clinton White House did not want to hear that and FBI Headquarters accommodated.' <ref>Laurie Mylroie, [http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-mylroie052902.asp 'Letting Saddam Be: A pre-and post-September 11 danger'], ''National Review'', 29 May 2002</ref> Mylroie's claims concerning links between Iraq and the 1993 World Trade Center bombing were published in ''Study of Revenge: Saddam Hussein's Unfinished War Against America'' (2000).  
 
[[Image:A Study of Revenge.jpg|left|thumb|180px|Mylroie's 2000 book ''Study of Revenge: Saddam Hussein's Unfinished War Against America'']]Mylroie has claimed that 'The New York FBI office...strongly believed Iraq was behind the 1993 Trade Center attack,' but that, 'The Clinton White House did not want to hear that and FBI Headquarters accommodated.' <ref>Laurie Mylroie, [http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-mylroie052902.asp 'Letting Saddam Be: A pre-and post-September 11 danger'], ''National Review'', 29 May 2002</ref> Mylroie's claims concerning links between Iraq and the 1993 World Trade Center bombing were published in ''Study of Revenge: Saddam Hussein's Unfinished War Against America'' (2000).  
  
Her book is based on an examination of the trial documents related to the 1993 bombing. She notes that Abdul Rahman Yasin, an Iraqi-American who mixed chemicals for the explosive, escaped to Iraq soon afterward. The other major Iraqi connection she alleges is that Ramzi Ahmad Yousef, the commander of the operation, was not Pakistani but an Iraqi agent traveling under an assumed identity. Just a few months before the bombing, Yousef claimed he'd lost his passport and got a new Pakistani passport in the name of Abdul Basit. (Yousef had three passports when he was arrested.) Mylroie examined files related to Abdul Basit and his family at the Kuwaiti Interior Ministry and found that various documents are missing, including photos and passport photocopies. She concluded that the files were they were tampered with during the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait in 1990-91. There is a notation in Basit's file, dating from the occupation period. Mylroie argues that this implies the file was of special interest to the Iraqis. The fingerprint cards in Basit's file matched those for Yousef, and Mylroie contended that the cards were switched by the Iraqis. She concludes that, 'Abdul Basit and his family were in Kuwait when Iraq invaded in August 1990; that they probably died then; and that Iraqi intelligence then tampered with their files to create an alternative identity for Ramzi Yousef.' <ref>Laurie Mylroie, '[http://www.fas.org/irp/world/iraq/956-tni.htm THE WORLD TRADE CENTER BOMB:  Who is Ramzi Yousef? And Why It Matters]', ''National Interest'', Winter, 1995/96</ref>
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Her book is based on an examination of the trial documents related to the 1993 bombing. She notes that Abdul Rahman Yasin, an Iraqi-American who mixed chemicals for the explosive, escaped to Iraq soon afterward. The other major Iraqi connection she alleges is that Ramzi Ahmad Yousef, the commander of the operation, was not Pakistani but an Iraqi agent traveling under an assumed identity. Just a few months before the bombing, Yousef claimed he'd lost his passport and got a new Pakistani passport in the name of Abdul Basit. (Yousef had three passports when he was arrested.) Mylroie examined files related to Abdul Basit and his family at the Kuwaiti Interior Ministry and found that various documents are missing, including photos and passport photocopies. She concluded that the files were tampered with during the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait in 1990-91. There is a notation in Basit's file, dating from the occupation period. Mylroie argues that this implies the file was of special interest to the Iraqis. The fingerprint cards in Basit's file matched those for Yousef, and Mylroie contended that the cards were switched by the Iraqis. She concludes that, 'Abdul Basit and his family were in Kuwait when Iraq invaded in August 1990; that they probably died then; and that Iraqi intelligence then tampered with their files to create an alternative identity for Ramzi Yousef.' <ref>Laurie Mylroie, '[http://www.fas.org/irp/world/iraq/956-tni.htm THE WORLD TRADE CENTER BOMB:  Who is Ramzi Yousef? And Why It Matters]', ''National Interest'', Winter, 1995/96</ref>
  
[[Richard Perle]], a leading neoconservative and an advisor on national security to several U.S. presidents, described her book in a blurb on the back of it as "splendid and wholly convincing." <ref>Laurie Mylroie, ''The War Against America: Saddam Hussein and the World Trade Center Attacks: A Study of Revenge'' (Harper, 2001) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/006009771X?p=S09U Back Cover]</ref> However, her views with respect to the Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda connection are decidedly in the minority, and she has been criticized by many terrorism experts.  CNN reporter [[Peter Bergen]], for example, calls her a 'crackpot' who claimed that 'Saddam was not only behind the '93 Trade Center attack, but also every anti-American terrorist incident of the past decade, from the bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania to the leveling of the federal building in Oklahoma City to September 11 itself.' <ref>Peter Bergen, '[http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2003/0312.bergen.html Armchair Provocateur. Laurie Mylroie: The Neocons' favorite conspiracy theorist'], ''Washington Monthly'', December 2003</ref> [[Peter Bergen|Bergen]] notes that Mylroie's argument depends entirely on 'a deduction which she reached following an examination of Basit's passport records and her discovery that Yousef and Basit were four inches different in height. On this wafer-thin foundation she builds her case that Yousef must have therefore been an Iraqi agent given access to Basit's passport following the Iraq occupation. However, U.S. investigators say that 'Yousef' and Basit are in fact one and the same person, and that the man Mylroie describes as an Iraqi agent is in fact a Pakistani with ties to al Qaeda.' Bergen claims that 'an avalanche of evidence' refutes Mylroie's basic assumption.  <ref>Peter Bergen, '[http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2003/0312.bergen.html Armchair Provocateur. Laurie Mylroie: The Neocons' favorite conspiracy theorist'], ''Washington Monthly'', December 2003</ref>
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[[Richard Perle]], a leading neoconservative and an advisor on national security to several U.S. presidents, described her book in a blurb on the back of it as "splendid and wholly convincing." <ref>Laurie Mylroie, ''The War Against America: Saddam Hussein and the World Trade Center Attacks: A Study of Revenge'' (Harper, 2001) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/006009771X?p=S09U Back Cover]</ref> However, her views with respect to the Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda connection are decidedly in the minority, and she has been criticized by many terrorism experts.  CNN reporter [[Peter Bergen]], for example, calls her a 'crackpot' who claimed that 'Saddam was not only behind the '93 Trade Center attack, but also every anti-American terrorist incident of the past decade, from the bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania to the leveling of the federal building in Oklahoma City to September 11 itself.' <ref name="pb">Peter Bergen, '[http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2003/0312.bergen.html Armchair Provocateur. Laurie Mylroie: The Neocons' favorite conspiracy theorist'], ''Washington Monthly'', December 2003</ref> [[Peter Bergen|Bergen]] notes that Mylroie's argument depends entirely on 'a deduction which she reached following an examination of Basit's passport records and her discovery that Yousef and Basit were four inches different in height. On this wafer-thin foundation she builds her case that Yousef must have therefore been an Iraqi agent given access to Basit's passport following the Iraq occupation. However, U.S. investigators say that 'Yousef' and Basit are in fact one and the same person, and that the man Mylroie describes as an Iraqi agent is in fact a Pakistani with ties to al Qaeda.' Bergen claims that 'an avalanche of evidence' refutes Mylroie's basic assumption.  <ref name="pb">Peter Bergen, '[http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2003/0312.bergen.html Armchair Provocateur. Laurie Mylroie: The Neocons' favorite conspiracy theorist'], ''Washington Monthly'', December 2003</ref>
  
[[Daniel Benjamin]], a senior fellow at the [[Center for Strategic and International Studies]], writes that 'Mylroie's work has been carefully investigated by the CIA and the FBI...The most knowledgeable analysts and investigators at the CIA and at the FBI believe that their work conclusively disproves Mylroie's claims...Nonetheless, she has remained a star in the neoconservative firmament.' <ref>Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon, ''The Next Attack'' New York: Times Books, 2005, p. 145. [ISBN 0-8050-7941-6 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting              0-8050-7941-6      end_of_the_skype_highlighting begin_of_the_skype_highlighting              0-8050-7941-6      end_of_the_skype_highlighting begin_of_the_skype_highlighting              0-8050-7941-6      end_of_the_skype_highlighting]</ref>
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[[Daniel Benjamin]], a senior fellow at the [[Center for Strategic and International Studies]], writes that 'Mylroie's work has been carefully investigated by the CIA and the FBI...The most knowledgeable analysts and investigators at the CIA and at the FBI believe that their work conclusively disproves Mylroie's claims...Nonetheless, she has remained a star in the neoconservative firmament.' <ref>Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon, ''The Next Attack'' New York: Times Books, 2005, p. 145.</ref>
  
According to former Whit House Counterterrorism Coordinator Richard Clarke Paul Wolfowitz invoked Mylroie's book Study of Revenge to allege a link between Iraq and the 1993 WTC attack during the very first meeting of the deputies of the National Security Council. Immediately after 9/11, Mylroie published an article in the Wall Street Journal alleging that Iraq was behind the attacks.
+
==Before and After 9/11==
 +
===Before 9/11===
 +
According to former White House Counterterrorism Coordinator Richard Clarke, [[Paul Wolfowitz]] invokes Mylroie's book Study of Revenge to allege a link between Iraq and the 1993 WTC attack during the very first meeting of the deputies of the National Security Council on 30 April 2001.<ref>Richard Clarke, ''Against All Enemies: Inside America’s War on Terror'' (London: Simon and Schuster, 2004): 30, 95, 232</ref> Earlier in the year [[James Woolsey]] had travelled to London in an attempt to confirm Mylroie's thesis. After September 11 he would visit again with the blessing of [[Paul Wolfowitz]]. The trip caused much consternation at the State Department and the CIA who only found out about it after the Welsh police called the US Embassy to confirm if Woolsey was indeed on official business as he claimed.<ref>Clarke (2004)</ref>
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===September 12===
 +
Mylroie writes an article alleging that Iraq iss behind the attacks.<ref>Laurie Mylroie, ‘Who is to blame?’ The Globe and Mail, 12 September 2001</ref> Woolsey, [[Charles Krauthammer]], and [[Jim Hoagland]] also repeat the allegations, all referencing Mylroie.<ref>R. James Woolsey and Mansoor Ijaz, ‘Revenge is a dish best served cold,’ Los Angeles Times, 12 September 2001</ref><ref>Charles Krauthammer, ‘To War, Not to Court’, Washington Post, 12 September 2001. </ref><ref>Jim Hoagland, ‘Hidden hand of terror,’ Washington Post, 12 September 2001</ref>
 +
===September 13===
 +
Mylroie publishes an article in the Wall Street Journal alleging that Iraq was behind the attacks.<ref>Laurie Mylroie, [http://www.lauriemylroie.com/Publications/WSJ9-13-2001.html 'The Iraqi Connection:  Did Osama bin Laden act alone? Not likely,'] ''Wall Street Journal'', 13 September 2001</ref> The message is reinforced by [[James Woolsey]] and British neonconservative [[Michael Gove]].<ref>R. James Woolsey, [http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/blood-baath 'Blood Baath,’] ''The New Republic'', 24 September 2001</ref><ref>Michael Gove, ‘Be warned: drawing a single tooth will not stop a mad dog’, The Times, 13 September 2001</ref> Both reference Mylroie's work.
 +
===September 14===
 +
Mylroie joins [[Newt Gingrich]], [[Jeane Kirkpatrick]] and [[David Wurmser]] at an AEI panel to press the case against Iraq.  Later the same day Mylroie appears on Fox’s O’Reilly Factor to allege that Iraq carried out the ’93 WTC bombing. ‘It would be good to get rid of Bin Laden,’ she opines, but ‘It wouldn't be as meaningful as getting rid of Saddam Hussein's regime.’<ref>‘Special Report: America United,’ Fox The O’ Reilly Factor, 14 September 2001</ref>
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===September 16===
 +
Dick Cheney appears on NBC's Meet The Press for his infamous 'dark side' interivew. In the interview he emphatically rejects a connection between Iraq and the 9/11 attacks.
 +
===September 17===
 +
Mylroie once again presses the case against Iraq, and, once again, Woolsey echoes the charge referencing Mylroie’s work.<ref>Laurie Mylroie, ‘Familiar Rogue’, National Review, 17 September 2001</ref><ref>R. James Woolsey, ‘Saddam may be target Americans are looking for’, The Daily Telegraph, 17 September 2001</ref> 
 +
 
 +
As recently as 10 February 2008, in a letter to Washington Post, Mylroie was insisting that Iraq had a role in the 9/11 attacks.<ref>Laurie Mylroie, [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/07/AR2008020703036_pf.html Letter: Matters of Interpretation], ''Washington Post'', 10 February 2008</ref>
  
 
==Promoters==
 
==Promoters==
Despite the outlandishness of Mylroie's claims, her work enjoyed the patronage of key influenial figures. These include:
+
Despite the outlandishness of Mylroie's claims, her work enjoyed the patronage of key influential figures. These include:
 
*[[Paul Wolfowitz]]
 
*[[Paul Wolfowitz]]
 
*[[James Woolsey]]
 
*[[James Woolsey]]
 
*[[Irving Lewis Libby]]
 
*[[Irving Lewis Libby]]
 
*[[Richard Perle]]
 
*[[Richard Perle]]
 +
*[[Michael Gove]]
 +
*[[Jim Hoagland]]
 +
Though the book bears a glowing blurb from former CIA office Vince Cannistraro, when interviewed by Peter Bergen he said: 'My view is that Laurie has an obsession with Iraq and trying to link Saddam to global terrorism. Years of strenuous effort to prove the case have been unavailing.' Of Richard Perle's endorsement, Bergen notes: 'Having blurbed her first book as "wholly convincing," Richard Perle now says that "not everything she says is convincing"'.
 +
 +
The book also received an endorsement from journalist [[David Rose]] who was making similar claims at the time based on the claims of unnamed official sources and the false testimony of INC defectors.<ref>David Rose, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/jan/13/terrorism.iraq 'A blind spot called Iraq’], ''The Observer'', 13 January 2002</ref>
 +
 +
==Quotes==
 +
*'There is an actual hero, in the person of the president who could not be rolled, spun or otherwise diverted from his most solemn obligation' - ''Bush vs. The Beltway''<ref name="pb">Peter Bergen, '[http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2003/0312.bergen.html Armchair Provocateur. Laurie Mylroie: The Neocons' favorite conspiracy theorist'], ''Washington Monthly'', December 2003</ref>
 +
*'I take satisfaction that we went to war with Iraq and got rid of Saddam Hussein. The rest is details.'<ref name="pb">Peter Bergen, '[http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2003/0312.bergen.html Armchair Provocateur. Laurie Mylroie: The Neocons' favorite conspiracy theorist'], ''Washington Monthly'', December 2003</ref>
  
 
==Afflitiations==
 
==Afflitiations==
 
*[[Committee on the Present Danger]]
 
*[[Committee on the Present Danger]]
 
*[[American Enterprise Institute]]
 
*[[American Enterprise Institute]]
 +
*[[Washington Institute for Near East Policy]]
  
 
==Books==
 
==Books==
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[[Category:Terrorologist|Mylroie, Laurie]]
 
[[Category:Terrorologist|Mylroie, Laurie]]
 
[[Category:Neocons|Mylroie, Laurie]]
 
[[Category:Neocons|Mylroie, Laurie]]
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[[Category:Iraq War 2003|Mylroie, Laurie]]

Latest revision as of 11:36, 7 July 2010

Laurie Mylroie

Laurie Mylroie is a neoconservative terrorologist and think tanker who argued that there was a link between Iraq and Al Qaeda. Prior to the 1991 Gulf War she was a leading apologist for Saddam Hussein's regime. She was an associate professor at the U.S. Naval War College and an advisor on Iraq to Bill Clinton in his 1992 campaign for President. She is now an adjunct fellow at the American Enterprise Institute.

Iraq-Al Qaeda claims

Mylroie's 2000 book Study of Revenge: Saddam Hussein's Unfinished War Against America

Mylroie has claimed that 'The New York FBI office...strongly believed Iraq was behind the 1993 Trade Center attack,' but that, 'The Clinton White House did not want to hear that and FBI Headquarters accommodated.' [1] Mylroie's claims concerning links between Iraq and the 1993 World Trade Center bombing were published in Study of Revenge: Saddam Hussein's Unfinished War Against America (2000).

Her book is based on an examination of the trial documents related to the 1993 bombing. She notes that Abdul Rahman Yasin, an Iraqi-American who mixed chemicals for the explosive, escaped to Iraq soon afterward. The other major Iraqi connection she alleges is that Ramzi Ahmad Yousef, the commander of the operation, was not Pakistani but an Iraqi agent traveling under an assumed identity. Just a few months before the bombing, Yousef claimed he'd lost his passport and got a new Pakistani passport in the name of Abdul Basit. (Yousef had three passports when he was arrested.) Mylroie examined files related to Abdul Basit and his family at the Kuwaiti Interior Ministry and found that various documents are missing, including photos and passport photocopies. She concluded that the files were tampered with during the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait in 1990-91. There is a notation in Basit's file, dating from the occupation period. Mylroie argues that this implies the file was of special interest to the Iraqis. The fingerprint cards in Basit's file matched those for Yousef, and Mylroie contended that the cards were switched by the Iraqis. She concludes that, 'Abdul Basit and his family were in Kuwait when Iraq invaded in August 1990; that they probably died then; and that Iraqi intelligence then tampered with their files to create an alternative identity for Ramzi Yousef.' [2]

Richard Perle, a leading neoconservative and an advisor on national security to several U.S. presidents, described her book in a blurb on the back of it as "splendid and wholly convincing." [3] However, her views with respect to the Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda connection are decidedly in the minority, and she has been criticized by many terrorism experts. CNN reporter Peter Bergen, for example, calls her a 'crackpot' who claimed that 'Saddam was not only behind the '93 Trade Center attack, but also every anti-American terrorist incident of the past decade, from the bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania to the leveling of the federal building in Oklahoma City to September 11 itself.' [4] Bergen notes that Mylroie's argument depends entirely on 'a deduction which she reached following an examination of Basit's passport records and her discovery that Yousef and Basit were four inches different in height. On this wafer-thin foundation she builds her case that Yousef must have therefore been an Iraqi agent given access to Basit's passport following the Iraq occupation. However, U.S. investigators say that 'Yousef' and Basit are in fact one and the same person, and that the man Mylroie describes as an Iraqi agent is in fact a Pakistani with ties to al Qaeda.' Bergen claims that 'an avalanche of evidence' refutes Mylroie's basic assumption. [4]

Daniel Benjamin, a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, writes that 'Mylroie's work has been carefully investigated by the CIA and the FBI...The most knowledgeable analysts and investigators at the CIA and at the FBI believe that their work conclusively disproves Mylroie's claims...Nonetheless, she has remained a star in the neoconservative firmament.' [5]

Before and After 9/11

Before 9/11

According to former White House Counterterrorism Coordinator Richard Clarke, Paul Wolfowitz invokes Mylroie's book Study of Revenge to allege a link between Iraq and the 1993 WTC attack during the very first meeting of the deputies of the National Security Council on 30 April 2001.[6] Earlier in the year James Woolsey had travelled to London in an attempt to confirm Mylroie's thesis. After September 11 he would visit again with the blessing of Paul Wolfowitz. The trip caused much consternation at the State Department and the CIA who only found out about it after the Welsh police called the US Embassy to confirm if Woolsey was indeed on official business as he claimed.[7]

September 12

Mylroie writes an article alleging that Iraq iss behind the attacks.[8] Woolsey, Charles Krauthammer, and Jim Hoagland also repeat the allegations, all referencing Mylroie.[9][10][11]

September 13

Mylroie publishes an article in the Wall Street Journal alleging that Iraq was behind the attacks.[12] The message is reinforced by James Woolsey and British neonconservative Michael Gove.[13][14] Both reference Mylroie's work.

September 14

Mylroie joins Newt Gingrich, Jeane Kirkpatrick and David Wurmser at an AEI panel to press the case against Iraq. Later the same day Mylroie appears on Fox’s O’Reilly Factor to allege that Iraq carried out the ’93 WTC bombing. ‘It would be good to get rid of Bin Laden,’ she opines, but ‘It wouldn't be as meaningful as getting rid of Saddam Hussein's regime.’[15]

September 16

Dick Cheney appears on NBC's Meet The Press for his infamous 'dark side' interivew. In the interview he emphatically rejects a connection between Iraq and the 9/11 attacks.

September 17

Mylroie once again presses the case against Iraq, and, once again, Woolsey echoes the charge referencing Mylroie’s work.[16][17]

As recently as 10 February 2008, in a letter to Washington Post, Mylroie was insisting that Iraq had a role in the 9/11 attacks.[18]

Promoters

Despite the outlandishness of Mylroie's claims, her work enjoyed the patronage of key influential figures. These include:

Though the book bears a glowing blurb from former CIA office Vince Cannistraro, when interviewed by Peter Bergen he said: 'My view is that Laurie has an obsession with Iraq and trying to link Saddam to global terrorism. Years of strenuous effort to prove the case have been unavailing.' Of Richard Perle's endorsement, Bergen notes: 'Having blurbed her first book as "wholly convincing," Richard Perle now says that "not everything she says is convincing"'.

The book also received an endorsement from journalist David Rose who was making similar claims at the time based on the claims of unnamed official sources and the false testimony of INC defectors.[19]

Quotes

  • 'There is an actual hero, in the person of the president who could not be rolled, spun or otherwise diverted from his most solemn obligation' - Bush vs. The Beltway[4]
  • 'I take satisfaction that we went to war with Iraq and got rid of Saddam Hussein. The rest is details.'[4]

Afflitiations

Books

  • Saddam Hussein & the Crisis in the Gulf (with Judith Miller) Random House USA Inc (1990)
  • Study of Revenge: Saddam Hussein's Unfinished War Against America. The AEI Press (2000). ISBN 0-8447-4127-2
  • Bush Vs the Beltway: How the CIA & the State Department Tried to Stop the War on Terror ReganBooks (2003) ISBN 0-06-058012-7

External links

Resources

Notes

  1. Laurie Mylroie, 'Letting Saddam Be: A pre-and post-September 11 danger', National Review, 29 May 2002
  2. Laurie Mylroie, 'THE WORLD TRADE CENTER BOMB: Who is Ramzi Yousef? And Why It Matters', National Interest, Winter, 1995/96
  3. Laurie Mylroie, The War Against America: Saddam Hussein and the World Trade Center Attacks: A Study of Revenge (Harper, 2001) Back Cover
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Peter Bergen, 'Armchair Provocateur. Laurie Mylroie: The Neocons' favorite conspiracy theorist', Washington Monthly, December 2003
  5. Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon, The Next Attack New York: Times Books, 2005, p. 145.
  6. Richard Clarke, Against All Enemies: Inside America’s War on Terror (London: Simon and Schuster, 2004): 30, 95, 232
  7. Clarke (2004)
  8. Laurie Mylroie, ‘Who is to blame?’ The Globe and Mail, 12 September 2001
  9. R. James Woolsey and Mansoor Ijaz, ‘Revenge is a dish best served cold,’ Los Angeles Times, 12 September 2001
  10. Charles Krauthammer, ‘To War, Not to Court’, Washington Post, 12 September 2001.
  11. Jim Hoagland, ‘Hidden hand of terror,’ Washington Post, 12 September 2001
  12. Laurie Mylroie, 'The Iraqi Connection: Did Osama bin Laden act alone? Not likely,' Wall Street Journal, 13 September 2001
  13. R. James Woolsey, 'Blood Baath,’ The New Republic, 24 September 2001
  14. Michael Gove, ‘Be warned: drawing a single tooth will not stop a mad dog’, The Times, 13 September 2001
  15. ‘Special Report: America United,’ Fox The O’ Reilly Factor, 14 September 2001
  16. Laurie Mylroie, ‘Familiar Rogue’, National Review, 17 September 2001
  17. R. James Woolsey, ‘Saddam may be target Americans are looking for’, The Daily Telegraph, 17 September 2001
  18. Laurie Mylroie, Letter: Matters of Interpretation, Washington Post, 10 February 2008
  19. David Rose, 'A blind spot called Iraq’, The Observer, 13 January 2002