Difference between revisions of "Central Intelligence Agency"
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The [[Central Intelligence Agency]] is the US government overseas intelligence agency. | The [[Central Intelligence Agency]] is the US government overseas intelligence agency. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==History== | ||
| + | ===War on Terror=== | ||
| + | ====Detention and rendition==== | ||
| + | Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the CIA began a secret detention program under which suspected | ||
| + | terrorists were held in prisons or “black sites,” outside the United States, where they were subjected to “enhanced interrogation techniques” involving torture and other abuse. The CIA also began a secret programme of “extraordinary rendition,” transferring detainees to to other governments, without legal process, for detention and interrogation.<ref>[http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/globalizing-torture-20120205.pdf Globalizing Torture: CIA Secret Detention and Extraordinary Rendition], Open Society Justice Initiative, February 2013, p5.</ref> | ||
==People== | ==People== | ||
| Line 6: | Line 12: | ||
*[[Sidney Souers]] - 1946 | *[[Sidney Souers]] - 1946 | ||
| − | *[[Hoyt Sanford Vandenberg]] - 1946-7 | + | *[[Hoyt Vandenberg|Hoyt Sanford Vandenberg]] - 1946-7 |
| − | *[[Roscoe Henry Hillenkoetter]] - 1947-50 | + | *[[Roscoe Hillenkoeter|Roscoe Henry Hillenkoetter]] - 1947-50 |
*[[Walter Bedell Smith]] - 1950-53 | *[[Walter Bedell Smith]] - 1950-53 | ||
*[[Allen Dulles]] - 1953-61 | *[[Allen Dulles]] - 1953-61 | ||
*[[John McCone]] - 1961-65 | *[[John McCone]] - 1961-65 | ||
| − | *[[William Francis Raborn, Jr.]] - 1965-66 | + | *[[William Raborn|William Francis Raborn, Jr.]] - 1965-66 |
*[[Richard Helms]] - 1966-73 | *[[Richard Helms]] - 1966-73 | ||
*[[James Schlesinger]] - 1973 | *[[James Schlesinger]] - 1973 | ||
| Line 30: | Line 36: | ||
*[[Porter Goss]] - 2005-6 | *[[Porter Goss]] - 2005-6 | ||
*[[Michael Hayden]] - 2006<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership/index.html Leadership - Central Intelligence Agency], accessed 27 February 2008.</ref>-2009 | *[[Michael Hayden]] - 2006<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership/index.html Leadership - Central Intelligence Agency], accessed 27 February 2008.</ref>-2009 | ||
| − | *[[Leon E. Panetta]] 2009- | + | *[[Leon E. Panetta]] 2009-2011 |
| + | *[[David Petraeus]] 2011<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership/david-h.-petraeus.html David H. Petraeus], Central Intelligence Agency, accessed 18 April 2012.</ref>-2012 | ||
| + | *[[John O. Brennan]] 2013-<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership/john-o-brennan.html John O. Brennan], Central Intelligence Agency, accessed 27 March 2013.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Deputy Directors==== | ||
| + | *[[Kingman Douglass]] | ||
| + | *[[Edwin Kennedy Wright]] | ||
| + | *[[William Harding Jackson]] | ||
| + | *[[Allen Dulles]] | ||
| + | *[[Charles P. Cabell]] | ||
| + | *[[Marshall Carter]] | ||
| + | *[[Richard Helms]] | ||
| + | *[[Rufus Taylor]] | ||
| + | *[[Robert E. Cushman, Jr.]] | ||
| + | *[[Vernon A. Walters]] | ||
| + | *[[E. Henry Knoche]] | ||
| + | *[[John F. Blke]] | ||
| + | *[[Frank Carlucci]] 1978-81. | ||
| + | *[[Bobby Ray Inman]] 1981-82 | ||
| + | *[[John N. McMahon]] 1982-1986. | ||
| + | *[[Robert Gates]] 1986-89. | ||
| + | *[[Richard J. Kerr]] 1991-92. | ||
| + | *[[William O. Studeman]] 1992-1995. | ||
| + | *[[George Tenet]] 1995-97. | ||
| + | *[[John A. Gordon]] 1997-2000. | ||
| + | *[[John E. McLaughlin]] 2000-04. | ||
| + | *[[Albert Calland]] 2005-06. | ||
| + | *[[Stephen Kappes]] 2006-10. | ||
| + | *[[Michael J. Morell]] 2010<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership/michael-j.-morell.html Michael J. Morell], Central Intelligence Agency, accessed 27 March 2013.</ref>-2013. | ||
===Whistleblowers and former agents=== | ===Whistleblowers and former agents=== | ||
| Line 45: | Line 79: | ||
*[[Frank Snepp]] | *[[Frank Snepp]] | ||
*[[John Stockwell]] | *[[John Stockwell]] | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | == | + | ==Structure== |
| + | The CIA has four main components: | ||
| + | *The [[CIA Directorate of Intelligence|Directorate of Intelligence]] | ||
| + | *The [[National Clandestine Service]] | ||
| + | *The [[CIA Directorate of Science & Technology|Directorate of Science & Technology]] | ||
| + | *The [[CIA Directorate of Support|Directorate of Support]]<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/index.html Offices of CIA], CIA, accessed 15 March 2010.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===National Clandestine Service=== | ||
| + | The National Clandestine Service, like its predecessors the [[CIA Directorate of Plans|Directorate of Plans]] 1952-1973, and the [[CIA Directorate of Operations|Directorate of Operations]] 1973-2005, is organised into a number of geographic divisions.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2007-featured-story-archive/cia-celebrates-60-years.html CIA Celebrates 60 Years], CIA, 15 March 2010.</ref> | ||
| + | *[[CIA Western Hemisphere Division|Western Hemisphere Division]] later the Latin American Division. | ||
| + | *Western Europe Division later the [[CIA European Division|European Division]]. | ||
| + | *Soviet-East Europe Division later the [[CIA Central Eurasia Division|Central Eurasia Division]] | ||
| + | *[[CIA Near East and South Asia Division|Near East and South Asia Division]] | ||
| + | *[[CIA Africa Division|Africa Division]] | ||
| + | *Originally the [[CIA Far East Division|Far East Division]], later the [[CIA East Asia Division|East Asia Division]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Powerbase Resources== | ||
*[[CIA Media Operations in Chile, Jamaica, and Nicaragua]] | *[[CIA Media Operations in Chile, Jamaica, and Nicaragua]] | ||
*[[CIA operations in Angola]] | *[[CIA operations in Angola]] | ||
| Line 57: | Line 105: | ||
*[[Operation Mockingbird]] | *[[Operation Mockingbird]] | ||
| − | == | + | ==External Resources== |
| − | + | *[http://cia-spotters.blogspot.co.uk/ Central Intell Agency] - Blog on CIA personnel. | |
| − | * | + | *[https://archive.org/details/CIA-Covert-Activities-Doolittle-Report Report on the Covert Activities of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (September 1954)], archived at the Internet Archive. |
| − | * | + | *[http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/1991_hr/s910911-cia.htm Chronology of CIA's Senior Management Structure], 1991, Federation of American Scientists. |
| − | * | + | *C.J. Chivers and Eric Schmitt, [http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/25/world/middleeast/arms-airlift-to-syrian-rebels-expands-with-cia-aid.html?pagewanted=1&_r=2&hp Arms Airlift to Syria Rebels Expands, With Aid From C.I.A.], ''New York Times'', 24 March 2013. |
| − | * | + | *Mark Mazetti, [http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/07/world/asia/origins-of-cias-not-so-secret-drone-war-in-pakistan.html?_r=0 A Secret Deal on Drones, Sealed in Blood], ''New York Times'', 6 April 2013. |
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 14:44, 5 February 2014
The Central Intelligence Agency is the US government overseas intelligence agency.
History
War on Terror
Detention and rendition
Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the CIA began a secret detention program under which suspected terrorists were held in prisons or “black sites,” outside the United States, where they were subjected to “enhanced interrogation techniques” involving torture and other abuse. The CIA also began a secret programme of “extraordinary rendition,” transferring detainees to to other governments, without legal process, for detention and interrogation.[1]
People
Directors
Directors of Central Intelligence
- Sidney Souers - 1946
- Hoyt Sanford Vandenberg - 1946-7
- Roscoe Henry Hillenkoetter - 1947-50
- Walter Bedell Smith - 1950-53
- Allen Dulles - 1953-61
- John McCone - 1961-65
- William Francis Raborn, Jr. - 1965-66
- Richard Helms - 1966-73
- James Schlesinger - 1973
- William Colby - 1973-6
- George Herbert Walker Bush - 1976-7
- Stansfield Turner - 1977-81
- William Casey - 1981-87
- William H. Webster - 1987-91
- Robert Gates - 1991-3
- James Woolsey - 1993-5
- John M. Deutch - 1995-6
- George Tenet - 1997-2004
- Porter Goss - 2004-5 [2]
Following passage of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorist Prevention Act of 2004 the Director of Central Intelligence was replaced as head of the US Intelligence community by a Director of National Intelligence outside the CIA. [3]
Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency
- Porter Goss - 2005-6
- Michael Hayden - 2006[4]-2009
- Leon E. Panetta 2009-2011
- David Petraeus 2011[5]-2012
- John O. Brennan 2013-[6]
Deputy Directors
- Kingman Douglass
- Edwin Kennedy Wright
- William Harding Jackson
- Allen Dulles
- Charles P. Cabell
- Marshall Carter
- Richard Helms
- Rufus Taylor
- Robert E. Cushman, Jr.
- Vernon A. Walters
- E. Henry Knoche
- John F. Blke
- Frank Carlucci 1978-81.
- Bobby Ray Inman 1981-82
- John N. McMahon 1982-1986.
- Robert Gates 1986-89.
- Richard J. Kerr 1991-92.
- William O. Studeman 1992-1995.
- George Tenet 1995-97.
- John A. Gordon 1997-2000.
- John E. McLaughlin 2000-04.
- Albert Calland 2005-06.
- Stephen Kappes 2006-10.
- Michael J. Morell 2010[7]-2013.
Whistleblowers and former agents
- Philip Agee—Former CIA employee (1957-1968), CIA critic, and author of Inside the Company: CIA Diary (1975).
- Robert Baer
- A.B. "Buzzy" Krongard
- Mary O. McCarthy
- Ralph McGehee
- Victor Marchetti
- Lindsay Moran
- David MacMichael—ten-year US Marine Corpt vet and former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) analyst. Resigned from CIA in protest.
- Ray McGovern—Retired CIA analyst who had been in charge of preparing daily security briefs for President Ronald Reagan, later a political activist and CIA critic.
- L. Fletcher Prouty
- Frank Snepp
- John Stockwell
Structure
The CIA has four main components:
- The Directorate of Intelligence
- The National Clandestine Service
- The Directorate of Science & Technology
- The Directorate of Support[8]
National Clandestine Service
The National Clandestine Service, like its predecessors the Directorate of Plans 1952-1973, and the Directorate of Operations 1973-2005, is organised into a number of geographic divisions.[9]
- Western Hemisphere Division later the Latin American Division.
- Western Europe Division later the European Division.
- Soviet-East Europe Division later the Central Eurasia Division
- Near East and South Asia Division
- Africa Division
- Originally the Far East Division, later the East Asia Division
Powerbase Resources
- CIA Media Operations in Chile, Jamaica, and Nicaragua
- CIA operations in Angola
- Congress for Cultural Freedom
- Forum World Features
- Forum News Service
- Kern House Enterprises
- Operation Mockingbird
External Resources
- Central Intell Agency - Blog on CIA personnel.
- Report on the Covert Activities of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (September 1954), archived at the Internet Archive.
- Chronology of CIA's Senior Management Structure, 1991, Federation of American Scientists.
- C.J. Chivers and Eric Schmitt, Arms Airlift to Syria Rebels Expands, With Aid From C.I.A., New York Times, 24 March 2013.
- Mark Mazetti, A Secret Deal on Drones, Sealed in Blood, New York Times, 6 April 2013.
Notes
- ↑ Globalizing Torture: CIA Secret Detention and Extraordinary Rendition, Open Society Justice Initiative, February 2013, p5.
- ↑ Directors of Central Intelligence - Central Intelligence Agency, accessed 27 February 2008.
- ↑ From Director of Central Intelligence to Director of National Intelligence, National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 144, edited by Jeffrey T. Richelson, December 17, 2004, accessed 27 February 2008.
- ↑ Leadership - Central Intelligence Agency, accessed 27 February 2008.
- ↑ David H. Petraeus, Central Intelligence Agency, accessed 18 April 2012.
- ↑ John O. Brennan, Central Intelligence Agency, accessed 27 March 2013.
- ↑ Michael J. Morell, Central Intelligence Agency, accessed 27 March 2013.
- ↑ Offices of CIA, CIA, accessed 15 March 2010.
- ↑ CIA Celebrates 60 Years, CIA, 15 March 2010.
