Michael Howard (UK Academic)

Sir Michael Eliot Howard, OM, CH, CBE, MC (born 29 November 1922) is a retired UK historian (not to be confused with the former Conservative leader Michael Howard) who founded the Department of War Studies at Kings College London and was instrumental in the founding of the establishment think tank the International Institute of Strategic Studies based in London.

He is formerly Chichele Professor of the History of War and Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford University, and Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University. Howard was educated at Wellington College and Christ Church, Oxford (with service in World War II in between).

During Second World War, Howard was commissioned in the Coldstream Guards and fought in the Italian Campaign. He was twice wounded and won a Military Cross at Salerno.

After Oxford, Howard began his teaching career at King's College, London, where he created the department of war studies. From his position at King's he was one of the Britons most influential in developing strategic studies as a discipline that brought together government, military, and academia to think about defence and national security more broadly and deeply than had been done before. He was one of the founders of the International Institute for Strategic Studies. From his family, education, and service in the Guards he had extensive connections amongst elite levels of British society. He had close connections in the Labour Party but was also used as an advisor by Margaret Thatcher.

Howard helped found the Department of War Studies and the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives at Kings College London. He is currently president emeritus of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, which he also helped to establish, and a fellow of the British Academy. Sir Michael was knighted in 1986 and was appointed to the Order of the Companions of Honour in 2002 and the Order of Merit in 2005.

Work

He is best known for expanding military history beyond the traditional campaigns and battles accounts to include wider discussions about the sociological significance of war. In his account of the Franco-German War of 1870-71, Howard looked at how the Prussian and French armies reflected the social structure of the two nations. He has also been the leading interpreter of the writings of Carl von Clausewitz in the late 20th century.

His first major work, THE FRANCO PRUSSIAN WAR (1961) was awarded the Duff Cooper prize. His second, Volume IV in the Grand Strategy series of THE OFFICIAL HISTORY OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR (1972) received the first Wolfson Award for History. Of his shorter works, WAR IN EUROPEAN HISTORY (1976) has been translated into sixteen languages and THE INVENTION OF PEACE (2000) received the Political Book Prize from the Freidrich Ebert Stiftung in Berlin. He was joint translator and editor (with Professor Peter Paret) of CLAUSEWITZ ON WAR (1976), for which he received the Samuel Eliot Morison Prize for Military History.

He has also received the Chesney Gold Medal from the Royal United Services Institute, the NAT Atlantic Award, and the Paul Kitze Award from the US Center for Naval Analysis. He is President Emeritus of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, of which he was a joint founder.

He has held Chairs at King's College London (where he established the Liddell Hart Center for Military Archives and is commemorated by a named Reading Room and a portrait by Anthony Palliser); Stanford; Yale; and Oxford University, where he held the Regius Chair of Modern History from 1980-1989. He now lives in West Berkshire where he continues to write, garden, travel and listen to music.

Affiliations

• David Higham Associates, client

Publications

• co-written with John Sparrow The Coldstream Guards, 1920-1946, 1951.
• Disengagement in Europe, 1958.
• The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France, 1870-1871, 1961.
• Lord Haldane and the Territorial Army, 1967.
• The Mediterranean Strategy in the Second World War, 1967.
• Studies in War and Peace, 1970.
• The Continental Commitment: The Dilemma of British Defence Policy in the Era of Two World Wars, 1972.
• War in European History, 1976.
• Carl von Clausewitz, On War, 1977, edited and translated by M.E. Howard and Peter Paret.
• Soldiers and Governments: Nine Studies in Civil Military Relations, 1978.
• War and the Liberal Conscience, 1978.
• Restraints on War: Studies in the Limitation of Armed Conflict, 1979 edited by M.E Howard.
• Clausewitz, 1983.
• Strategic Deception in World War II, 1990, (Volume 5 of British Intelligence in the Second World War; series edited by F.H.Hinsley; Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-52140-145-3
• The Lessons of History, 1991.
• The Laws of War: Constraints on Warfare in the Western World, edited by M.E Howard, George Anderepoulous and Mark Schulman.
• The Invention of Peace, 2000.
• The First World War, 2003.
• Captain Professor: A Life in War and Peace (autobiography), 2006
• Liberation or Catastrophe?: Reflections on the History of the 20th Century , 2007

Further Reading

• Freedman, Lawrence; Hayes, Paul & O'Neil, Robert War, Strategy and International Politics: Essays in Honour of Sir Michael Howard, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
• Skaggs, David Curtis "Michael Howard and the Dimensions Of Military History" pages 179-183 from Military Affairs, Volume 49, 1985.