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| − | < | + | The '''Force Research Unit''' was a top secret unit of the British Army which was engaged in running informers and has been alleged to be involved in a number of assassinations and murders in Ireland.<ref>Chris Thornton, D-DAY FORCOLLUSION; |
| − | + | Prosecutors close to decision on key cases, ''Belfast Telegraph'', 24 February 2007.</ref> | |
| − | + | It has reportedly now been renamed the [[Joint Support Group]].<ref>Michael Evans, Top secret intelligence unit will quit Belfast for new role in Iraq, ''The Times'', 18 April 2005.</ref> It appears to be associated with the [[Special Reconnaissance Regiment]] created in 2005.<ref>James Kirkup, [VAGUENESS OF ARMY ROLES GIVES RISE TO SUSPICIONS, ''The Scotsman'', 19 August 2005.</ref> | |
| + | |||
| + | ==History== | ||
| + | According to journalist Peter Taylor, the FRU was established in 1979.<ref>Peter Taylor, Brits: The War Against the IRA, Bloomsbury, 2002, p.287.</ref> However, according to the Pat Finucane Review by Sir [[Desmond de Silva]], the unit was formed in 1982, and responsibility for army agent-running in Northern Ireland had previously rested with Brigade Research Units.<ref name="DeSilvavol1Ch3">Sir Desmond de Silva, [http://www.patfinucanereview.org/report/volume01/chapter003/ Volume 1 - Chapter 3: Intelligence structures], Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | According to the De Silva Review: "In a 1988 Directive titled 'Perestroika', the FRU'S CO directed a reorganisation of the Unit in order to make it an "independent unit" within the Army intelligence structures.[5] The Directive outlined the systems for the reporting of intelligence within the FRU; job descriptions for different roles; and a series of moves necessary to establish the independence of the FRU. The changes included agent case files being moved from the offices of the [[Security Service]]'s Assistant Secretary Political (ASP) to the FRU HQ."<ref name="DeSilvavol1Ch3">Sir Desmond de Silva, [http://www.patfinucanereview.org/report/volume01/chapter003/ Volume 1 - Chapter 3: Intelligence structures], Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Structure and Personnel== | ||
| + | According to the De Silva Review: "The FRU's structure consisted of an HQ and four regional units: North Detachment, West Detachment, East Detachment and South Detachment. Brian Nelson was run from the East Detachment FRU, which covered the Greater Belfast area. Each Detachment employed agent-handlers and an Officer Commanding (OC), who normally held the rank of Captain. The OC of each Detachment reported to the FRU's Commanding Officer (CO). An Operations Officer deputised for the CO and had specific responsibilities for certain areas of operations.<ref name="DeSilvavol1Ch3">Sir Desmond de Silva, [http://www.patfinucanereview.org/report/volume01/chapter003/ Volume 1 - Chapter 3: Intelligence structures], Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===HQ=== | ||
| + | According to the De Silva Review, The CO of the FRU "in turn reported to the [[Commander Land Forces (Northern Ireland)|Commander Land Forces (CLF)]] and the [[General Officer Commanding Northern Ireland|GOC]]. The Chief of the G2 Intelligence Section was responsible for the [[Field Intelligence Fund]] which financed FRU operations."<ref name="DeSilvavol1Ch3">Sir Desmond de Silva, [http://www.patfinucanereview.org/report/volume01/chapter003/ Volume 1 - Chapter 3: Intelligence structures], Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Commanders (CO FRU)==== | ||
| + | *[[Gordon Kerr]]. Probably cipher A/05 in the report of Sir Desmond de Silva's Pat Finucane Review. | ||
| + | *[[Lt Col A/16]] c.1992.<ref name="DeSilvavol1Ch3">Sir Desmond de Silva, [http://www.patfinucanereview.org/report/volume01/chapter003/ Volume 1 - Chapter 3: Intelligence structures], Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.</ref> Given his activities and rank at this period, this may be Lt-Col [[George Williams]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Operations Officers==== | ||
| + | *A/08<ref name="DeSilvavol1Ch3">Sir Desmond de Silva, [http://www.patfinucanereview.org/report/volume01/chapter003/ Volume 1 - Chapter 3: Intelligence structures], Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===East Detachment=== | ||
| + | *A/03 - OC of East Det FRU c.1987<ref name="DeSilvavol1Ch6">Sir Desmond de Silva, [http://www.patfinucanereview.org/report/volume01/chapter006/ Volume 1 - Chapter 6: The recruitment of Brian Nelson], Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.</ref> | ||
| + | *A/01 - OC of East Det c.1989<ref name="DeSilvavol1Ch7">Sir Desmond de Silva, [http://www.patfinucanereview.org/report/volume01/chapter007/ Volume 1 - Chapter 7: The activities of Brian Nelson 1987- 89], Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.</ref> | ||
| + | *A/02, "Geoff"- [[Brian Nelson]]'s main handler during the period May 1987 to January 1988. Interviewed by Peter Taylor under the pseudonym "Geoff". <ref name="DeSilvavol1Ch7">Sir Desmond de Silva, [http://www.patfinucanereview.org/report/volume01/chapter007/ Volume 1 - Chapter 7: The activities of Brian Nelson 1987- 89], Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.</ref> | ||
| + | *A/11 - c.1986<ref name="DeSilvavol1Ch6">Sir Desmond de Silva, [http://www.patfinucanereview.org/report/volume01/chapter006/ Volume 1 - Chapter 6: The recruitment of Brian Nelson], Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.</ref> | ||
| + | *A/07 - c.1986<ref name="DeSilvavol1Ch6">Sir Desmond de Silva, [http://www.patfinucanereview.org/report/volume01/chapter006/ Volume 1 - Chapter 6: The recruitment of Brian Nelson], Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.</ref> | ||
| + | *Colour Sergeant A/10<ref name="DeSilvavol1Ch6">Sir Desmond de Silva, [http://www.patfinucanereview.org/report/volume01/chapter006/ Volume 1 - Chapter 6: The recruitment of Brian Nelson], Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.</ref> - Nelson's main handler from April 1989. | ||
| + | *A/12<ref name="DeSilvavol1Ch6">Sir Desmond de Silva, [http://www.patfinucanereview.org/report/volume01/chapter006/ Volume 1 - Chapter 6: The recruitment of Brian Nelson], Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.</ref> | ||
| + | *A/13<ref name="DeSilvavol1Ch7">Sir Desmond de Silva, [http://www.patfinucanereview.org/report/volume01/chapter007/ Volume 1 - Chapter 7: The activities of Brian Nelson 1987- 89], Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.</ref> | ||
| + | *A/15<ref name="DeSilvavol1Ch7">Sir Desmond de Silva, [http://www.patfinucanereview.org/report/volume01/chapter007/ Volume 1 - Chapter 7: The activities of Brian Nelson 1987- 89], Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.</ref> | ||
| + | *[[Margaret Walshaw]]<ref>David Lister and Ian Cobain, [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article1131660.ece Stakeknife is 'under guard at old Home Counties airbase'], The Times, 13 May 2003.</ref> | ||
| + | *[[Ronnie Anderson]]<ref>Liam Clarke, Soldier 'gagged' over RUC tribunal testimony, Sunday Times, 7 October 2007.</ref> | ||
| + | *[[David Moyles]]<ref>Alan Murray, Caught on the web ...; Pic of Stakeknife WITH his agent handler could go online, Sunday Life, 23 November 2003.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===West Detachment=== | ||
| + | *[[Ian Hurst]] | ||
| + | *[[Philip Campbell Smith]]<ref>Greg Harkin, EX-ARMY AGENT ON WITNESS 'NOBBLE' CHARGE; FINUCANE MURDER SQUAD COPS RAID AUTHOR'S HOME IN ENGLAND, 19 November 2000.</ref> | ||
| + | *[[Peter Jones (FRU)|Peter Jones]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Agents== | ||
| + | According to "[[Martin Ingram]]", FRU agents were each given a number of which the first two digits signified their location, with the second two providing a unique identifier. The prefix '30' signified the FRU's western detachment (West Det.), while Brian Nelson prefix '61' signified East Det.<ref>Martin Ingram, Greg Harkin, Stakeknife: Britain's Secret Agents in Ireland, O'Brien Press, 2004, p.55.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | *[[Freddie Scappaticci]]<ref>Rosie Cowan, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2003/may/12/northernireland.northernireland1 He did the IRA's dirty work for 25 years - and was paid £80,000 a year by the government], The Guardian, 12 May 2003.</ref> | ||
| + | *3007<ref>Martin Ingram, Greg Harkin, Stakeknife: Britain's Secret Agents in Ireland, O'Brien Press, 2004, p.55.</ref> - [[Willie Carlin]]<ref>David Sharrock, [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1309226/Army-concealing-information-says-former-agent.html Army concealing information, says former agent], telegraph.co.uk, 20 June 2001.</ref> | ||
| + | *[[Peter Keeley]]<ref>Henry McDonald, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2003/may/18/uk.northernireland1 Revealed: five British spies inside IRA], The Observer, 18 May 2003.</ref> | ||
| + | *[[Sam Rosenfeld]] - spied on republican dissidents, 1990-1993.<ref name="Mcdonald071203">Henry McDonald, [http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/dec/07/northernireland Army spy faces jail after appeal to Queen over 'murders'], Observer, 7 December 2003.</ref> | ||
| + | *6137<ref>Martin Ingram, Greg Harkin, Stakeknife: Britain's Secret Agents in Ireland, O'Brien Press, 2004, p.55.</ref> - [[Brian Nelson]]<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/2944007.stm Nelson's shadowy past], BBC, 13 April 2003.</ref> | ||
| + | *[[Ned Greer]]<ref>Henry McDonald, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2003/apr/20/northernireland The double agent who helped run terror cell], 20 April 2003.</ref> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Special Intelligence Wing]] | *[[Special Intelligence Wing]] | ||
| Line 11: | Line 57: | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
| − | + | *[http://www.serve.com/pfc/fru/fruindex.html Force Research Unit], Pat Finucane Centre | |
| − | *[http://www.serve.com/pfc/fru/fruindex.html | + | *[http://www.relativesforjustice.com/the-force-research-unit.htm The Force Research Unit], Relatives For Justice. |
| − | *[http://www.relativesforjustice.com/ | + | *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/2944007.stm Nelson's shadowy past], BBC News, 13 April 2003. |
| − | *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/2944007.stm | + | *[http://web.archive.org/web/20060618122256/http://www.sundayherald.com/fru.shtml Brigadier Gordon Kerr & the FRU: A Sunday Herald Special Report], archived at the Internet Archive. |
| − | *[http:// | ||
*[http://cryptome.org/fru-portrait.htm Kerr, Moyles and Walshaw portrait] | *[http://cryptome.org/fru-portrait.htm Kerr, Moyles and Walshaw portrait] | ||
| − | *[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/collusion/docs/panorama230602.htm Transcript of BBC Panorama programme titled 'Collusion', 23 June 2002] | + | *[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/collusion/docs/panorama230602.htm Transcript of BBC Panorama programme titled 'Collusion', 23 June 2002], Conflict Archive on the Internet. |
| − | + | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
| − | [[Category:Spooks]][[category:Counterinsurgency]][[Category:British Military Intelligence]] | + | [[Category:Spooks]][[category:Counterinsurgency]][[Category:British Military Intelligence]][[Category: State Violence and Collusion Project]] |
Latest revision as of 17:24, 18 August 2013
The Force Research Unit was a top secret unit of the British Army which was engaged in running informers and has been alleged to be involved in a number of assassinations and murders in Ireland.[1] It has reportedly now been renamed the Joint Support Group.[2] It appears to be associated with the Special Reconnaissance Regiment created in 2005.[3]
Contents
History
According to journalist Peter Taylor, the FRU was established in 1979.[4] However, according to the Pat Finucane Review by Sir Desmond de Silva, the unit was formed in 1982, and responsibility for army agent-running in Northern Ireland had previously rested with Brigade Research Units.[5]
According to the De Silva Review: "In a 1988 Directive titled 'Perestroika', the FRU'S CO directed a reorganisation of the Unit in order to make it an "independent unit" within the Army intelligence structures.[5] The Directive outlined the systems for the reporting of intelligence within the FRU; job descriptions for different roles; and a series of moves necessary to establish the independence of the FRU. The changes included agent case files being moved from the offices of the Security Service's Assistant Secretary Political (ASP) to the FRU HQ."[5]
Structure and Personnel
According to the De Silva Review: "The FRU's structure consisted of an HQ and four regional units: North Detachment, West Detachment, East Detachment and South Detachment. Brian Nelson was run from the East Detachment FRU, which covered the Greater Belfast area. Each Detachment employed agent-handlers and an Officer Commanding (OC), who normally held the rank of Captain. The OC of each Detachment reported to the FRU's Commanding Officer (CO). An Operations Officer deputised for the CO and had specific responsibilities for certain areas of operations.[5]
HQ
According to the De Silva Review, The CO of the FRU "in turn reported to the Commander Land Forces (CLF) and the GOC. The Chief of the G2 Intelligence Section was responsible for the Field Intelligence Fund which financed FRU operations."[5]
Commanders (CO FRU)
- Gordon Kerr. Probably cipher A/05 in the report of Sir Desmond de Silva's Pat Finucane Review.
- Lt Col A/16 c.1992.[5] Given his activities and rank at this period, this may be Lt-Col George Williams.
Operations Officers
- A/08[5]
East Detachment
- A/03 - OC of East Det FRU c.1987[6]
- A/01 - OC of East Det c.1989[7]
- A/02, "Geoff"- Brian Nelson's main handler during the period May 1987 to January 1988. Interviewed by Peter Taylor under the pseudonym "Geoff". [7]
- A/11 - c.1986[6]
- A/07 - c.1986[6]
- Colour Sergeant A/10[6] - Nelson's main handler from April 1989.
- A/12[6]
- A/13[7]
- A/15[7]
- Margaret Walshaw[8]
- Ronnie Anderson[9]
- David Moyles[10]
West Detachment
Agents
According to "Martin Ingram", FRU agents were each given a number of which the first two digits signified their location, with the second two providing a unique identifier. The prefix '30' signified the FRU's western detachment (West Det.), while Brian Nelson prefix '61' signified East Det.[12]
- Freddie Scappaticci[13]
- 3007[14] - Willie Carlin[15]
- Peter Keeley[16]
- Sam Rosenfeld - spied on republican dissidents, 1990-1993.[17]
- 6137[18] - Brian Nelson[19]
- Ned Greer[20]
See Also
Further reading
- Force Research Unit, Pat Finucane Centre
- The Force Research Unit, Relatives For Justice.
- Nelson's shadowy past, BBC News, 13 April 2003.
- Brigadier Gordon Kerr & the FRU: A Sunday Herald Special Report, archived at the Internet Archive.
- Kerr, Moyles and Walshaw portrait
- Transcript of BBC Panorama programme titled 'Collusion', 23 June 2002, Conflict Archive on the Internet.
Notes
- ↑ Chris Thornton, D-DAY FORCOLLUSION; Prosecutors close to decision on key cases, Belfast Telegraph, 24 February 2007.
- ↑ Michael Evans, Top secret intelligence unit will quit Belfast for new role in Iraq, The Times, 18 April 2005.
- ↑ James Kirkup, [VAGUENESS OF ARMY ROLES GIVES RISE TO SUSPICIONS, The Scotsman, 19 August 2005.
- ↑ Peter Taylor, Brits: The War Against the IRA, Bloomsbury, 2002, p.287.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Sir Desmond de Silva, Volume 1 - Chapter 3: Intelligence structures, Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Sir Desmond de Silva, Volume 1 - Chapter 6: The recruitment of Brian Nelson, Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Sir Desmond de Silva, Volume 1 - Chapter 7: The activities of Brian Nelson 1987- 89, Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.
- ↑ David Lister and Ian Cobain, Stakeknife is 'under guard at old Home Counties airbase', The Times, 13 May 2003.
- ↑ Liam Clarke, Soldier 'gagged' over RUC tribunal testimony, Sunday Times, 7 October 2007.
- ↑ Alan Murray, Caught on the web ...; Pic of Stakeknife WITH his agent handler could go online, Sunday Life, 23 November 2003.
- ↑ Greg Harkin, EX-ARMY AGENT ON WITNESS 'NOBBLE' CHARGE; FINUCANE MURDER SQUAD COPS RAID AUTHOR'S HOME IN ENGLAND, 19 November 2000.
- ↑ Martin Ingram, Greg Harkin, Stakeknife: Britain's Secret Agents in Ireland, O'Brien Press, 2004, p.55.
- ↑ Rosie Cowan, He did the IRA's dirty work for 25 years - and was paid £80,000 a year by the government, The Guardian, 12 May 2003.
- ↑ Martin Ingram, Greg Harkin, Stakeknife: Britain's Secret Agents in Ireland, O'Brien Press, 2004, p.55.
- ↑ David Sharrock, Army concealing information, says former agent, telegraph.co.uk, 20 June 2001.
- ↑ Henry McDonald, Revealed: five British spies inside IRA, The Observer, 18 May 2003.
- ↑ Henry McDonald, Army spy faces jail after appeal to Queen over 'murders', Observer, 7 December 2003.
- ↑ Martin Ingram, Greg Harkin, Stakeknife: Britain's Secret Agents in Ireland, O'Brien Press, 2004, p.55.
- ↑ Nelson's shadowy past, BBC, 13 April 2003.
- ↑ Henry McDonald, The double agent who helped run terror cell, 20 April 2003.
