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{{Template:Brexit badge}}[[File:Arron Banks.png|right|thumb|360px|Arron Banks at a press conference with the [[BBC]] announcing his donation to [[UKIP]], 1 October 2014]]
 
{{Template:Brexit badge}}[[File:Arron Banks.png|right|thumb|360px|Arron Banks at a press conference with the [[BBC]] announcing his donation to [[UKIP]], 1 October 2014]]
  
'''Arron Banks''' is a multimillionaire Brexit donor and businessman. To a great extent, he bankrolled the campaign for the UK to leave the European Union, spending Banks a total of £9.6 million of his personal money funding pro-Brexit organisations.
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'''Arron Banks''' is a multimillionaire Brexit donor and businessman.  
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 +
Banks was the single biggest donor to the Brexit campaign.
  
 
==Mr Brexit==
 
==Mr Brexit==
===Post-referendum===
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===Post-EU referendum===
Bank’s post-referendum plans are reportedly to turn Leave.EU’s legions of supporters into an online “people’s movement”. According to the New Statesman, he intends to launch this latest quixotic venture early next year, and his goal is to ensure not only that Brexit – hard Brexit – is implemented in full, but to bring about deep reform of the system he so detests. “We can’t carry on with politics as normal,” he says. “It’s a disastrous state of affairs.
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Bank’s post-referendum plans are reportedly to turn [[Leave.EU]]’s supporters into an online “people’s movement', akin to “a rightwing Momentum”, according to Banks in reference to the leftwing grassroots movement group.  
  
Banks also announced he is looking to forge a new party made up of UKIP, Labour and Conservative MPs. Banks felt he could harness the momentum of Brexit support in a new party outfit. When asked if Nigel Farage would be leader, he replied he 'may have had enough.'
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Following the EU referendum, Banks also announced that he is looking to forge a new political party which would take in Brexit-voting members of Ukip, Labour and the Conservatives, adding that 'Ukip needs to be reformed root and branch'. 'Ukip grew so rapidly it had problems with personnel and all sorts of issues and I believe that could be better tackled with a new party, he said.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/29/leave-donor-plans-new-party-to-replace-ukip-without-farage?CMP=twt_gu Leave donor plans new party to replace Ukip – possibly without Farage in charge] Guardian, 29 June 2016</ref>
  
 
===Leave campaign===
 
===Leave campaign===
He was the single biggest donor to the Brexit campaign.  
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Banks was the single biggest donor to the Brexit campaign. He reportedly spent  £9.6 million of his personal fortune funding the organisations which arguably clinched Brexit.
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Banks was the largest donor to the pro-Brexit group [[Leave.EU]], which he co-founded and chaired. Banks gave three loans totalling £6 million on non-commercial terms to [[Leave.EU]].
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According to the Guardian, Banks also 'deployed senior executives and staff from his insurance companies and hired the Washington DC political campaign strategy firm [[Goddard Gunster]] on a multimillion-pound fee to sharpen [the campaign's] message'. Banks said, "What [Goddard Gunster] said early on was 'facts don’t work' and that's it. The remain campaign featured fact, fact, fact, fact, fact. It just doesn’t work. You have got to connect with people emotionally. It’s the Trump success.'<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/29/leave-donor-plans-new-party-to-replace-ukip-without-farage?CMP=twt_gu Leave donor plans new party to replace Ukip – possibly without Farage in charge] Guardian, 29 June 2016</ref>
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Banks also contributed to a number of other groups campaigning for the UK to leave the EU through [[Better for the Country]] Ltd.
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[[Better for the Country]] Ltd is company founded in 2015, of which Banks is a director, that made donations totalling £2.3 million to five separate registered campaigners during the referendum campaign. Its board includes, as well as Banks: [[Andrew Wigmore]], [[Elizabeth Bilney]], [[Alison Marshall]]. All four directors were also trustees of Banks’ charity, the [[Love Saves the Day Foundation]] (since wound up in the midst of an investigation by the Charity Commission).<ref>[https://theferret.scot/arron-banks-winds-charity-regulator-investigates/ Arron Banks winds up charity as regulator investigates], The Ferret, 30 Oct 2017</ref>.
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[[Better for the Country]] made donations to:
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*[[Grassroots Out]], the umbrella campaign group of which [[Leave.EU]] was a part. The £1.9m donated to [[Grassroots Out]] by [[Better for the Country]] Ltd was as ‘non-cash’. As the website openDemocracy notes, ‘non-cash’ is a designation usually reserved for the provision of office space or in-kind services to political parties. In a letter to openDemocracy, however, Banks’ lawyers say Better for the Country bought “merchandise, leaflets, billboards, pens, badges and other paraphernalia,” before donating all of this to Grassroots Out.
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*[[UKIP]]
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*[[Veterans for Britain]]
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*[[Trade Unionists Against The European Union]]
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*[[WAGTV]]; its managing director is [[Martin Durkin]], a climate change sceptic and producer of “Brexit: The Movie”, ‘a controversial online documentary produced to support the campaign.<ref>Alastair Sloan and Iain Campbell, [https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/brexitinc/adam-ramsay/how-did-arron-banks-afford-brexit How did Arron Banks afford Brexit?], openDemocracy, 19 Oct 2017</ref>
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====Investigation into donations====
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In 2017 the Electoral Commission announced it was investigating claims that Banks and/or [[Better for the Country]] Ltd breached campaign finance rules during the EU referendum.<ref>[https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/i-am-a/journalist/electoral-commission-media-centre/news-releases-donations/electoral-commission-statement-regarding-better-for-the-country-limited-and-mr-arron-banks Electoral Commission statement regarding Better for the Country Limited and Mr Arron Banks], Electoral Commission press release, 1 Nov 2017</ref>
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As the ''Times'' reported in Nov 2017 ’Better for the Country Limited, a company of which Mr Banks was a director, is at the centre of the investigation. [The Electoral Commission] will examine whether the company... was the true source of donations made in its name or whether it acted as an agent.’<ref>[https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/arron-banks-investigated-over-brexit-vote-donations-s79v2sfdr Arron Banks investigated over Brexit vote donations], Times, 1 Nov 2017</ref>
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Or, as openDemocracy's Adam Ramsay puts it: 'The Commission is asking, in other words, if this cash really all came from Arron Banks, or if that’s a cover for some other, secret source.'<ref>[https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/brexitinc/adam-ramsay/what-is-it-electoral-commission-is-investigating-banks-for What (precisely) is the Electoral Commission investigating Banks for?], openDemocracy, 1 Nov 2017</ref>
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Banks has called the Electoral Commission a 'swamp creature' that is packed with pro-Remain figures.<ref>[https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/brexit-donor-blasts-watchdog-as-swamp-creature-grw69n7sv Brexit donor Arron Banks calls Electoral Commission a ‘swamp creature’], Times, 9 Nov 2017</ref>
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===UKIP===
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Banks was a prominent donor to [[UKIP]].
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He switched his allegiance from the [[Conservative Party]] to [[UKIP]] in 2014. Banks said he defected to [[UKIP]] because he agreed with its policies and its view that 'Europe is holding the UK back' as it's a 'closed shop for bankrupt countries'.<ref name="bp"> Bristol Post, [http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/Bristol-businessman-ups-UKIP-donation-1-million/story-23027035-detail/story.html Bristol businessman ups UKIP donation to £1 million after Tory calls him a "nobody"], 1 October 2014, accessed 17 February 2015 </ref><ref name="bbc"> BBC News, [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-29438653 Ex-Tory donor Arron Banks gives £1m to UKIP], 1 October 2014, accessed 17 February 2015 </ref>
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In 2014 it was reported that Banks was funding a website called LibLabCon, dedicated to attacking the three major parties. The domain of the website was reportedly registered to Banks at the address of his firm, [[GoSkippy]] in Bristol. [[UKIP]] told the ''Daily Mail'' the website is not linked to them but is funded by one of their main backers.<ref> Tamara Cohen [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2885693/1m-Ukip-donor-funding-online-attacks-rivals-Entrepreneur-said-registered-website-attacks-three-main-parties.html £1m Ukip donor 'funding online attacks on rivals': Entrepreneur said to have registered website which attacks three main parties] ''Daily Mail'', 24 December 2014, accessed 17 February 2015 </ref>
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===Conservative Party===
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Until 2014 Banks was a member of the [[Conservative Party]] and a modest donor.
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A spokesman for UKIP’s [[Nigel Farage]] said that Banks had funded the Chipping Sodbury office for the [[South Gloucestershire Conservatives]] 'to the tune of £250,000'. However, a Conservative spokesperson said the support was 'nothing like the order of magnitude' of sums claimed by UKIP and estimated that the donations were about £22,000.<ref name="bbc"/> A Ukip source said that he had also loaned £75,417 to Thornbury and Yate Conservative party via his former company [[Panacea Finance]] in September 2007, to be paid back by 2022. However, Companies House records show that Banks resigned from the company in September 2005, 'raising questions over whether he was controlling the firm at the time, or whether he was using the firm as a “proxy donor"'.<ref name="RS"/>
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Upon Bank's defection to UKIP, [[Conservative]] MP [[William Hague]] called him 'somebody we haven't heard of'. In response, Banks said he was going to up his donation from £100,000 to £1million, claiming he did not like being called Mr Nobody.<ref name="bp"/>
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==Business interests==
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Banks is a shareholder in at least 20 UK registered companies. According to the ''FT'', almost all of their parent companies are offshore in the Isle of Man, Gibraltar and the British Virgin Islands. His interests worldwide include insurance, banking, diamond mining and political consultancy.
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In June 2017, the ''FT'' conducted an investigation into Banks’ overlapping business interests. <ref>[https://www.ft.com/content/8cddfeea-5c02-11e7-b553-e2df1b0c3220 How the businesses of Brexit campaigner ‘King’ Arron Banks overlap], FT, 30 June 2017</ref>
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They have included:
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*[[Brightside Group]], a Bristol-based insurance broker co-founded by Banks. He floated the firm in 2011 and was shortly after sacked as chief executive. It was sold two years later to a private equity group, and became heavily lossmaking.<ref>[https://www.ft.com/content/8cddfeea-5c02-11e7-b553-e2df1b0c3220 How the businesses of Brexit campaigner ‘King’ Arron Banks overlap], FT, 30 June 2017</ref>
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*[[Southern Rock Insurance]]; Gibraltar-based underwriter in which Banks is a major shareholder. He resigned as a director in 2014.
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*[[Eldon Insurance]], Banks was a director until 2013. Eldon operates the motor insurance brand [[GoSkippy]].
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*[[Rock Services]], another company of which Mr Banks is a director.
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The ''FT'' also notes that ‘over the years [Banks] has built stakes in an offshore bank, a provider of trustees to high net worth individuals, and — through Southern Rock Insurance — even uranium mining in Niger. More recently, he has taken shares in a sports consultancy.<ref>[https://www.ft.com/content/8cddfeea-5c02-11e7-b553-e2df1b0c3220 How the businesses of Brexit campaigner ‘King’ Arron Banks overlap], FT, 30 June 2017</ref>
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The bank is the Isle of Man-based [[Conister Bank]], which Banks co-owns with his friend and fellow Brexiteer, the Isle of Man resident [[Jim Mellon]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/nov/09/brexiters-put-money-offshore-tax-haven The Brexiters who put their money offshore], Guardian, 10 Nov 2017</ref>
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===Financial worth===
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In 2015, Banks told the ''FT'' that he was worth around £100m. In 2017, the ''Sunday Times'' Rich List estimated his net worth at £250m.
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However, a lengthy investigation for the website openDemocracy questions Banks' financial worth. The report's authors, Alastair Sloan and Iain Campbell, for example, highlight that in 2013, regulators in Gibraltar discovered that Banks’s insurance business had reserves far below what it needed. Yet a year later the apparently embattled Banks was still able to pour money into the propaganda campaigns that took us out of the EU. How did he afford it?<ref>Alastair Sloan and Iain Campbell, [https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/brexitinc/adam-ramsay/how-did-arron-banks-afford-brexit How did Arron Banks afford Brexit?], openDemocracy, 19 Oct 2017</ref>
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The editor of the ''Financial Times'', Lionel Barber, raised the same question after the paper investigated Banks’s real worth. Barber asked on Twitter: “How rich is he really?” Banks' reply: “I founded and sold a listed insurance business for £145m! Not even mentioned – no FT, fake news.”<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/oct/21/russia-free-pass-undermine-british-democracy-vladimir-putin Russia’s free pass to undermine British democracy], Guardian, 21 Oct 2017</ref>
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===Tax avoidance===
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After his defection and donation to [[UKIP]], Banks faced criticism for basing his business interests in tax havens, such as Gibraltar, and thereby avoiding UK tax laws. To counter these accusations, he released evidence that he paid £1.86million in British tax in 2013-2014.
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One of the businesses in question was [[Rock Services]] Ltd, of which Banks is a director. It had a turnover of £19.7m in 2013 and paid corporation tax of £12,000. The company deducted £19.6m in 'administrative expenses'.
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When asked if his companies pay full corporation tax, he said: 'I paid over £2.5m of income tax last year [2013] so I’m not going to get knocked on that one, thank you very much. I really resented that, by the way. My insurance business, like a lot of them, is based in Gibraltar but I’ve got UK businesses as well that deal with customers and pay tax like everyone else.'
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[[Charlie Elphicke]], a [[Conservative]] MP and former tax lawyer, replied by saying: ‘Everyone knows that companies in tax havens like Gibraltar and Bermuda are often used to help minimise tax. This evidence raises serious questions about Mr Banks’s conduct and consistency of identity.'<ref name="RS"> Rajeev Syal [http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/oct/04/ukip-donor-arron-banks-shows-tax-cheque-sent-hmrc Ukip donor Arron Banks shows tax cheque sent to HMRC for £1.86m] ''The Guardian'', 4 October 2014, accessed 17 February 2015 </ref>
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===Early career===
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Banks started out selling vacuum cleaner appliances door to door in Basingstoke in the late 1980s. “I was quite good at persuading people to buy things they didn’t want to buy,” he told the ''New Statesman'' in October 2016. <ref>Alastair Sloan and Iain Campbell, [https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/brexitinc/adam-ramsay/how-did-arron-banks-afford-brexit How did Arron Banks afford Brexit?], openDemocracy, 19 Oct 2017</ref>
  
Banks was the largest donor to the pro-Brexit group [[Leave.EU]], one of the two groups that led the pro-Brexit campaign, which he chaired.
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Banks eventually moved into a junior position in the Lloyds' insurance market, where he gained his first exposure to the industry. Banks spent seven years at Lloyds', working his way into a junior underwriting position before he moved to Bristol, following a split from his first wife.
  
He also contributed to a number of other groups campaigning for the UK to leave the EU.
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openDemocracy found a number of ‘cracks in Banks’ biography’ from this point on. Banks claimed he led his own sales team at Norwich Union – now part of Aviva, but Aviva said they have no record of Banks ever having worked for Norwich Union. Banks also claimed to have worked for [[Warren Buffett]], but checks made by Buffett’s office drew a blank.
  
====Leave campaign donations====
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===Business associates===
Banks spent a total of £9.6 million of his personal fortune funding the organisations which arguably clinched Brexit: [[Leave.EU]], to which Banked loaned £6 million; [[UKIP]] and [[Better for the Country]] Ltd.
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The Australian solicitor [[Jim Gannon]] and the accountant [[Paul Chase-Gardener]] are both described as long-term business partners of Banks.<ref>Alastair Sloan and Iain Campbell, [https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/brexitinc/adam-ramsay/how-did-arron-banks-afford-brexit How did Arron Banks afford Brexit?], openDemocracy, 19 Oct 2017</ref>
  
[[Better for the Country]] Ltd is company founded in 2015 of which Banks is a director that made donations totalling £2.3 million to five separate registered campaigners during the referendum campaign. Its board includes, as well as Banks: [[Andy Wigmore]], [[Elizabeth Bilney]], [[Alison Marshall]]. All four directors were also trustees of Banks’ charity, the [[Love Saves the Day Foundation]] (since wound up in the midst of an investigation by the Charity Commission).<ref>[https://theferret.scot/arron-banks-winds-charity-regulator-investigates/ Arron Banks winds up charity as regulator investigates], The Ferret, 30 Oct 2017</ref>.
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==Political donations==
  
[[Better for the Country]] Ltd made these donation to the following pro-Brexit campaign groups (recorded by the Electoral Commission):
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Banks' loans to [[Leave.EU]]:
 
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1" float="left" align="left" width="100%">
 
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1" float="left" align="left" width="100%">
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
<th bgcolor="DodgerBlue1" width="20%">Date</th>
+
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Date</th>
<th bgcolor="DodgerBlue1" width="20%">Name of donor</th>
+
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Name of donor</th>
<th bgcolor="DodgerBlue1" width="20%">Amount</th>
+
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Amount</th>
<th bgcolor="DodgerBlue1" width="20%">Donated to</th>
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<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Donated to</th>
<th bgcolor="DodgerBlue1" width="20%">Subsidiary (parties only)</th>
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<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Subsidiary (parties only)</th>
 +
</tr>
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 +
<tr>
 +
<td align="center">April 16</td>
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<td align="center">Arron Fraser Banks</td>
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<td align="center">£1m loan</td>
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<td align="center">[[Leave.EU]]</td>
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<td align="center">n/a</td>
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</tr>
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 +
<tr>
 +
<td align="center">March 16</td>
 +
<td align="center">Arron Fraser Banks</td>
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<td align="center">£3m loan</td>
 +
<td align="center">[[Leave.EU]]</td>
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<td align="center">n/a</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
<tr>
 +
<td align="center">March 16</td>
 +
<td align="center">Arron Fraser Banks</td>
 +
<td align="center">£2m loan</td>
 +
<td align="center">[[Leave.EU]]</td>
 +
<td align="center">n/a</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
 
 +
</table>
 +
 
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[[Better for the Country]] Ltd donations to pro-Brexit campaign groups:
 +
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1" float="left" align="left" width="100%">
 +
<tr>
 +
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Date</th>
 +
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Name of donor</th>
 +
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Amount</th>
 +
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Donated to</th>
 +
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Subsidiary (parties only)</th>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
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<td align="center">£110,000</td>
 
<td align="center">£110,000</td>
 
<td align="center">[[UKIP]]</td>
 
<td align="center">[[UKIP]]</td>
<td align="center">n/a</td>
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<td align="center">Central Party</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
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</tr>
 
</tr>
  
</table> Electoral Commission, [https://pefonline.electoralcommission.org.uk/Search/CommonReturnsSearch.aspx?type=basicDonationSearch Donation Search], accessed Nov 2017</ref>
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</table>  
 
 
*[[Grassroots Out]] is an umbrella campaign group of which [[Leave.EU]] was part. The £1.9m donated by [[Better for the Country]] Ltd was as ‘non-cash’. As openDemocracy notes, ‘non-cash’ is a designation usually reserved for the provision of office space or in-kind services to political parties. In a letter to openDemocracy, however, Banks’ lawyers say Better for the Country bought “merchandise, leaflets, billboards, pens, badges and other paraphernalia,” before donating all of this to Grassroots Out.
 
 
 
*The managing director of [[WAGTV]] is [[Martin Durkin]], a climate change sceptic and producer of “Brexit: The Movie”, ‘a controversial online documentary produced to support the campaign.<ref>Alastair Sloan and Iain Campbell, [https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/brexitinc/adam-ramsay/how-did-arron-banks-afford-brexit How did Arron Banks afford Brexit?], openDemocracy, 19 Oct 2017</ref>
 
  
Banks also gave three loans totalling £6 million on non-commercial terms to the [[Leave.EU]] group, which he chaired.
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Banks' [[UKIP]] donations:
 
 
[[Better for the Country]] Ltd made donations to the following pro-Brexit campaign groups (recorded by the Electoral Commission):
 
 
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1" float="left" align="left" width="100%">
 
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1" float="left" align="left" width="100%">
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
<th bgcolor="DodgerBlue1" width="20%">Date</th>
+
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Date</th>
<th bgcolor="DodgerBlue1" width="20%">Name of donor</th>
+
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Name of donor</th>
<th bgcolor="DodgerBlue1" width="20%">Amount</th>
+
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Amount</th>
<th bgcolor="DodgerBlue1" width="20%">Donated to</th>
+
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Donated to</th>
<th bgcolor="DodgerBlue1" width="20%">Subsidiary (parties only)</th>
+
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Subsidiary (parties only)</th>
</tr>
 
 
 
<tr>
 
<td align="center">April 16</td>
 
<td align="center">Arron Fraser Banks</td>
 
<td align="center">£1m loan</td>
 
<td align="center">[[Leave.EU]]</td>
 
<td align="center">n/a</td>
 
</tr>
 
 
 
<tr>
 
<td align="center">March 16</td>
 
<td align="center">Arron Fraser Banks</td>
 
<td align="center">£3m loan</td>
 
<td align="center">[[Leave.EU]]</td>
 
<td align="center">n/a</td>
 
</tr>
 
 
 
<tr>
 
<td align="center">March 16</td>
 
<td align="center">Arron Fraser Banks</td>
 
<td align="center">£2m loan</td>
 
<td align="center">[[Leave.EU]]</td>
 
<td align="center">n/a</td>
 
</tr>
 
 
 
</table><ref> Electoral Commission, [https://pefonline.electoralcommission.org.uk/Search/CommonReturnsSearch.aspx?type=basicDonationSearch Donation Search], accessed Nov 2017</ref>
 
 
 
====Investigation into donations===
 
In 2017 the Electoral Commission announced it was investigating claims that Banks breached campaign finance rules during the EU referendum. As the ‘‘Times’’ reported in Nov 2017:
 
:’Better for the Country Limited, a company of which Mr Banks was a director, is at the centre of the investigation. [The Electoral Commission] will examine whether the company... was the true source of donations made in its name or whether it acted as an agent, or whether recipients of the money took the requisite legal steps to verify the identity of the firm.’
 
 
 
===UKIP===
 
Banks switched his allegiance from the [[Conservative Party]] to [[UKIP]] in 2014.
 
 
 
Banks said he switched to [[UKIP]] because he agrees with its policies and its view that 'Europe is holding the UK back' as it's a 'closed shop for bankrupt countries'.<ref name="bp"> Bristol Post, [http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/Bristol-businessman-ups-UKIP-donation-1-million/story-23027035-detail/story.html Bristol businessman ups UKIP donation to £1 million after Tory calls him a "nobody"], 1 October 2014, accessed 17 February 2015 </ref><ref name="bbc"> BBC News, [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-29438653 Ex-Tory donor Arron Banks gives £1m to UKIP], 1 October 2014, accessed 17 February 2015 </ref>
 
 
 
[[File:Screen Shot 2015-03-09 at 10.50.22.png|right|thumb|250px|Domain registration of LibLabCon.com, March 2015]]
 
In 2014 it was alleged that Banks was funding a website called LibLabCon, dedicated to attacking the three major parties. The domain of the website was reportedly registered to Banks at the address of his firm, [[GoSkippy]] in Bristol. [[UKIP]] told the ''Daily Mail'' the website is not linked to them but is funded by one of their main backers.<ref> Tamara Cohen [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2885693/1m-Ukip-donor-funding-online-attacks-rivals-Entrepreneur-said-registered-website-attacks-three-main-parties.html £1m Ukip donor 'funding online attacks on rivals': Entrepreneur said to have registered website which attacks three main parties] ''Daily Mail'', 24 December 2014, accessed 17 February 2015 </ref>
 
 
 
====UKIP donations====
 
Recorded by the Electoral Commission:
 
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1" float="left" align="left" width="100%">
 
<tr>
 
<th bgcolor="DodgerBlue1" width="20%">Date</th>
 
<th bgcolor="DodgerBlue1" width="20%">Name of donor</th>
 
<th bgcolor="DodgerBlue1" width="20%">Amount</th>
 
<th bgcolor="DodgerBlue1" width="20%">Donated to</th>
 
<th bgcolor="DodgerBlue1" width="20%">Subsidiary (parties only)</th>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
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<td align="center">Clacton</td>
 
<td align="center">Clacton</td>
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
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<tr>
 
<tr>
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<td align="center">[[UKIP]]</td>
 
<td align="center">[[UKIP]]</td>
 
<td align="center">South Wales East</td>
 
<td align="center">South Wales East</td>
</tr>
 
 
 
<tr>
 
<td align="center">Mar 15-Aug 15</td>
 
<td align="center">Arron F Banks</td>
 
<td align="center">£17,000</td>
 
<td align="center">[[UKIP]]</td>
 
<td align="center">Central Party</td>
 
 
</tr>
 
</tr>
  
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</tr>
 
</tr>
  
</table><ref> Electoral Commission, [https://pefonline.electoralcommission.org.uk/Search/CommonReturnsSearch.aspx?type=basicDonationSearch Donation Search], accessed Nov 2017</ref>
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</table>
  
===Conservative Party===
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Donations to the [[Conservative Party]]:
Until 2014 Banks was a member of the [[Conservative Party]] and a modest donor.
+
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1" float="left" align="left" width="100%">
 
+
<tr>
A spokesman for UKIP’s [[Nigel Farage]] said that Banks had funded the Chipping Sodbury office for the [[South Gloucestershire Conservatives]] 'to the tune of £250,000'. However, a Conservative spokesperson said the support was 'nothing like the order of magnitude' of sums claimed by UKIP and estimated that the donations were about £22,000.<ref name="bbc"/> A Ukip source said that he had also loaned £75,417 to Thornbury and Yate Conservative party via his former company [[Panacea Finance]] in September 2007, to be paid back by 2022. However, Companies House records show that Banks resigned from the company in September 2005, 'raising questions over whether he was controlling the firm at the time, or whether he was using the firm as a “proxy donor"'.<ref name="RS"/>
+
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Date</th>
 
+
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Name of donor</th>
Upon Bank's defection to UKIP, [[Conservative]] MP [[William Hague]] called him 'somebody we haven't heard of'. In response, Banks said he was going to up his donation from £100,000 to £1million, claiming he did not like being called Mr Nobody.<ref name="bp"/>
+
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Amount</th>
 +
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Donated to</th>
 +
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="20%">Subsidiary (parties only)</th>
 +
</tr>
  
====Conservative Party donations====
 
Recorded by the Electoral Commission:
 
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1" float="left" align="left" width="100%">
 
 
<tr>
 
<tr>
 
<td align="center">May 2009</td>
 
<td align="center">May 2009</td>
Line 225: Line 272:
  
 
</table><ref> Electoral Commission, [https://pefonline.electoralcommission.org.uk/Search/CommonReturnsSearch.aspx?type=basicDonationSearch Donation Search], accessed Nov 2017</ref>
 
</table><ref> Electoral Commission, [https://pefonline.electoralcommission.org.uk/Search/CommonReturnsSearch.aspx?type=basicDonationSearch Donation Search], accessed Nov 2017</ref>
 
 
==Business interests==
 
Banks is a shareholder in at least 20 UK registered companies. Almost all of their parent companies are offshore in the Isle of Man, Gibraltar and the British Virgin Islands. His interests worldwide include insurance, banking, diamond mining and political consultancy.
 
 
In June 2017, the ‘’FT’’  conducted an investigation into Banks’ overlapping business interests. <ref>[https://www.ft.com/content/8cddfeea-5c02-11e7-b553-e2df1b0c3220 How the businesses of Brexit campaigner ‘King’ Arron Banks overlap], FT, 30 June 2017</ref> They have included:
 
*[[Brightside Group]], a Bristol-based insurance broker co-founded by Banks. He floated the firm in 2011 and was shortly after sacked as chief executive. It was sold two years later to a private equity group, and became heavily lossmaking.<ref>[https://www.ft.com/content/8cddfeea-5c02-11e7-b553-e2df1b0c3220 How the businesses of Brexit campaigner ‘King’ Arron Banks overlap], FT, 30 June 2017</ref>
 
*[[Southern Rock Insurance]]; Gibraltar-based underwriter in which Banks is a major shareholder. He resigned as a director in 2014.
 
*[[Eldon Insurance]], Banks was a director until 2013. Eldon operates the motor insurance brand [[GoSkippy]].
 
*[[Rock Services]], another company, of which Mr Banks is a director.
 
 
The ‘’FT’’ also notes that ‘over the years [Banks] has built stakes in an offshore bank, a provider of trustees to high net worth individuals, and — through Southern Rock Insurance — even uranium mining in Niger. More recently, he has taken shares in a sports consultancy.<ref>[https://www.ft.com/content/8cddfeea-5c02-11e7-b553-e2df1b0c3220 How the businesses of Brexit campaigner ‘King’ Arron Banks overlap], FT, 30 June 2017</ref>
 
 
===Financial worth===
 
In 2015, Banks told the ‘’FT’’ that he was worth around £100m. In 2017, the ‘’Sunday Times’’ Rich List estimated his net worth at £250m.
 
 
Banks’ financial status, however, is somewhat unclear, says website openDemocracy. It conducted a lengthy investigation into Banks’ businesses and found that his claimed worth of £100 million ‘is hard to justify’. Banks, however, in response, claims his worth could be even higher than £100 million, saying that he would “broadly agree” with an analysis made by the ‘’Sunday Times’’ Rich Times list that his net worth could instead be some £250 million. <ref>Alastair Sloan and Iain Campbell, [https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/brexitinc/adam-ramsay/how-did-arron-banks-afford-brexit How did Arron Banks afford Brexit?], openDemocracy, 19 Oct 2017</ref>
 
 
openDemocracy concludes that the ‘value of his businesses are materially lower than Banks’ own inflated boasts and, while still a wealthy man, was he wealthy enough to give so much to the Brexit campaign, without some other undisclosed source of income?’ <ref>Alastair Sloan and Iain Campbell, [https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/brexitinc/adam-ramsay/how-did-arron-banks-afford-brexit How did Arron Banks afford Brexit?], openDemocracy, 19 Oct 2017</ref>
 
 
===Tax avoidance===
 
After his defection and donation to [[UKIP]], Banks faced criticism for basing his business interests in tax havens, such as Gibraltar, and thereby avoiding UK tax laws. To counter these accusations, he released evidence that he paid £1.86million in British tax in 2013-2014.
 
 
One of the businesses in question was [[Rock Services]] Ltd, of which Banks is a director. It had a turnover of £19.7m in 2013 and paid corporation tax of £12,000. The company deducted £19.6m in 'administrative expenses.
 
 
When asked if his companies pay full corporation tax, he said: 'I paid over £2.5m of income tax last year [2013] so I’m not going to get knocked on that one, thank you very much. I really resented that, by the way. My insurance business, like a lot of them, is based in Gibraltar but I’ve got UK businesses as well that deal with customers and pay tax like everyone else.'
 
 
[[Charlie Elphicke]], a [[Conservative]] MP and former tax lawyer, replied by saying: ‘Everyone knows that companies in tax havens like Gibraltar and Bermuda are often used to help minimise tax. This evidence raises serious questions about Mr Banks’s conduct and consistency of identity.'<ref name="RS"> Rajeev Syal [http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/oct/04/ukip-donor-arron-banks-shows-tax-cheque-sent-hmrc Ukip donor Arron Banks shows tax cheque sent to HMRC for £1.86m] ''The Guardian'', 4 October 2014, accessed 17 February 2015 </ref>
 
 
===Early career===
 
Banks had started out selling vacuum cleaner appliances door to door in Basingstoke in the late 1980s. “I was quite good at persuading people to buy things they didn’t want to buy,” he told the New Statesman in October 2016. <ref>Alastair Sloan and Iain Campbell, [https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/brexitinc/adam-ramsay/how-did-arron-banks-afford-brexit How did Arron Banks afford Brexit?], openDemocracy, 19 Oct 2017</ref>
 
 
Banks eventually moved into a junior position in the Lloyds' insurance market, where he gained his first exposure to the industry. Banks spent seven years at Lloyds', working his way into a junior underwriting position before he moved to Bristol, following a split from his first wife.
 
 
openDemocracy found a number of ‘cracks in Banks’ biography’ from this point on. Banks claimed he led his own sales team at Norwich Union – now part of Aviva, but Aviva say they have no record of Banks ever having worked for Norwich Union. Banks claimed to have worked for [[Warren Buffett]], but checks made by Buffett’s office drew a blank.
 
 
===Business associates===
 
The Australian solicitor [[Jim Gannon]] and the accountant [[Paul Chase-Gardener]] are both described as long term business partners of Banks.<ref>Alastair Sloan and Iain Campbell, [https://www.opendemocracy.net/uk/brexitinc/adam-ramsay/how-did-arron-banks-afford-brexit How did Arron Banks afford Brexit?], openDemocracy, 19 Oct 2017</ref>
 
 
==Banks’ Russian connections==
 
Banks’ second wife was a Portsmouth-based Russian called Ekaterina Paderina. According to the Sunday Times, Paderina’s former husband had been interviewed twice by Special Branch because they suspected her of working for the Russian government.<ref>[https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/from-urals-to-ukip-racy-tale-of-arron-bankss-russian-wife-wwz2wd92x From Urals to Ukip: racy tale of Arron Banks’s Russian wife], Sunday Times, 10 Sept 2017</ref>
 
  
 
==Notes==
 
==Notes==

Latest revision as of 02:04, 14 November 2017

Brexit badge.png Part of the Powerbase Brexit Portal.
Arron Banks at a press conference with the BBC announcing his donation to UKIP, 1 October 2014

Arron Banks is a multimillionaire Brexit donor and businessman.

Banks was the single biggest donor to the Brexit campaign.

Mr Brexit

Post-EU referendum

Bank’s post-referendum plans are reportedly to turn Leave.EU’s supporters into an online “people’s movement', akin to “a rightwing Momentum”, according to Banks in reference to the leftwing grassroots movement group.

Following the EU referendum, Banks also announced that he is looking to forge a new political party which would take in Brexit-voting members of Ukip, Labour and the Conservatives, adding that 'Ukip needs to be reformed root and branch'. 'Ukip grew so rapidly it had problems with personnel and all sorts of issues and I believe that could be better tackled with a new party, he said.[1]

Leave campaign

Banks was the single biggest donor to the Brexit campaign. He reportedly spent £9.6 million of his personal fortune funding the organisations which arguably clinched Brexit.

Banks was the largest donor to the pro-Brexit group Leave.EU, which he co-founded and chaired. Banks gave three loans totalling £6 million on non-commercial terms to Leave.EU.

According to the Guardian, Banks also 'deployed senior executives and staff from his insurance companies and hired the Washington DC political campaign strategy firm Goddard Gunster on a multimillion-pound fee to sharpen [the campaign's] message'. Banks said, "What [Goddard Gunster] said early on was 'facts don’t work' and that's it. The remain campaign featured fact, fact, fact, fact, fact. It just doesn’t work. You have got to connect with people emotionally. It’s the Trump success.'[2]

Banks also contributed to a number of other groups campaigning for the UK to leave the EU through Better for the Country Ltd.

Better for the Country Ltd is company founded in 2015, of which Banks is a director, that made donations totalling £2.3 million to five separate registered campaigners during the referendum campaign. Its board includes, as well as Banks: Andrew Wigmore, Elizabeth Bilney, Alison Marshall. All four directors were also trustees of Banks’ charity, the Love Saves the Day Foundation (since wound up in the midst of an investigation by the Charity Commission).[3].

Better for the Country made donations to:

  • Grassroots Out, the umbrella campaign group of which Leave.EU was a part. The £1.9m donated to Grassroots Out by Better for the Country Ltd was as ‘non-cash’. As the website openDemocracy notes, ‘non-cash’ is a designation usually reserved for the provision of office space or in-kind services to political parties. In a letter to openDemocracy, however, Banks’ lawyers say Better for the Country bought “merchandise, leaflets, billboards, pens, badges and other paraphernalia,” before donating all of this to Grassroots Out.
  • UKIP
  • Veterans for Britain
  • Trade Unionists Against The European Union
  • WAGTV; its managing director is Martin Durkin, a climate change sceptic and producer of “Brexit: The Movie”, ‘a controversial online documentary produced to support the campaign.[4]

Investigation into donations

In 2017 the Electoral Commission announced it was investigating claims that Banks and/or Better for the Country Ltd breached campaign finance rules during the EU referendum.[5]

As the Times reported in Nov 2017 ’Better for the Country Limited, a company of which Mr Banks was a director, is at the centre of the investigation. [The Electoral Commission] will examine whether the company... was the true source of donations made in its name or whether it acted as an agent.’[6]

Or, as openDemocracy's Adam Ramsay puts it: 'The Commission is asking, in other words, if this cash really all came from Arron Banks, or if that’s a cover for some other, secret source.'[7]

Banks has called the Electoral Commission a 'swamp creature' that is packed with pro-Remain figures.[8]

UKIP

Banks was a prominent donor to UKIP.

He switched his allegiance from the Conservative Party to UKIP in 2014. Banks said he defected to UKIP because he agreed with its policies and its view that 'Europe is holding the UK back' as it's a 'closed shop for bankrupt countries'.[9][10]

In 2014 it was reported that Banks was funding a website called LibLabCon, dedicated to attacking the three major parties. The domain of the website was reportedly registered to Banks at the address of his firm, GoSkippy in Bristol. UKIP told the Daily Mail the website is not linked to them but is funded by one of their main backers.[11]

Conservative Party

Until 2014 Banks was a member of the Conservative Party and a modest donor.

A spokesman for UKIP’s Nigel Farage said that Banks had funded the Chipping Sodbury office for the South Gloucestershire Conservatives 'to the tune of £250,000'. However, a Conservative spokesperson said the support was 'nothing like the order of magnitude' of sums claimed by UKIP and estimated that the donations were about £22,000.[10] A Ukip source said that he had also loaned £75,417 to Thornbury and Yate Conservative party via his former company Panacea Finance in September 2007, to be paid back by 2022. However, Companies House records show that Banks resigned from the company in September 2005, 'raising questions over whether he was controlling the firm at the time, or whether he was using the firm as a “proxy donor"'.[12]

Upon Bank's defection to UKIP, Conservative MP William Hague called him 'somebody we haven't heard of'. In response, Banks said he was going to up his donation from £100,000 to £1million, claiming he did not like being called Mr Nobody.[9]

Business interests

Banks is a shareholder in at least 20 UK registered companies. According to the FT, almost all of their parent companies are offshore in the Isle of Man, Gibraltar and the British Virgin Islands. His interests worldwide include insurance, banking, diamond mining and political consultancy.

In June 2017, the FT conducted an investigation into Banks’ overlapping business interests. [13]

They have included:

  • Brightside Group, a Bristol-based insurance broker co-founded by Banks. He floated the firm in 2011 and was shortly after sacked as chief executive. It was sold two years later to a private equity group, and became heavily lossmaking.[14]
  • Southern Rock Insurance; Gibraltar-based underwriter in which Banks is a major shareholder. He resigned as a director in 2014.
  • Eldon Insurance, Banks was a director until 2013. Eldon operates the motor insurance brand GoSkippy.
  • Rock Services, another company of which Mr Banks is a director.

The FT also notes that ‘over the years [Banks] has built stakes in an offshore bank, a provider of trustees to high net worth individuals, and — through Southern Rock Insurance — even uranium mining in Niger. More recently, he has taken shares in a sports consultancy.[15]

The bank is the Isle of Man-based Conister Bank, which Banks co-owns with his friend and fellow Brexiteer, the Isle of Man resident Jim Mellon.[16]

Financial worth

In 2015, Banks told the FT that he was worth around £100m. In 2017, the Sunday Times Rich List estimated his net worth at £250m.

However, a lengthy investigation for the website openDemocracy questions Banks' financial worth. The report's authors, Alastair Sloan and Iain Campbell, for example, highlight that in 2013, regulators in Gibraltar discovered that Banks’s insurance business had reserves far below what it needed. Yet a year later the apparently embattled Banks was still able to pour money into the propaganda campaigns that took us out of the EU. How did he afford it?[17]

The editor of the Financial Times, Lionel Barber, raised the same question after the paper investigated Banks’s real worth. Barber asked on Twitter: “How rich is he really?” Banks' reply: “I founded and sold a listed insurance business for £145m! Not even mentioned – no FT, fake news.”[18]

Tax avoidance

After his defection and donation to UKIP, Banks faced criticism for basing his business interests in tax havens, such as Gibraltar, and thereby avoiding UK tax laws. To counter these accusations, he released evidence that he paid £1.86million in British tax in 2013-2014.

One of the businesses in question was Rock Services Ltd, of which Banks is a director. It had a turnover of £19.7m in 2013 and paid corporation tax of £12,000. The company deducted £19.6m in 'administrative expenses'.

When asked if his companies pay full corporation tax, he said: 'I paid over £2.5m of income tax last year [2013] so I’m not going to get knocked on that one, thank you very much. I really resented that, by the way. My insurance business, like a lot of them, is based in Gibraltar but I’ve got UK businesses as well that deal with customers and pay tax like everyone else.'

Charlie Elphicke, a Conservative MP and former tax lawyer, replied by saying: ‘Everyone knows that companies in tax havens like Gibraltar and Bermuda are often used to help minimise tax. This evidence raises serious questions about Mr Banks’s conduct and consistency of identity.'[12]

Early career

Banks started out selling vacuum cleaner appliances door to door in Basingstoke in the late 1980s. “I was quite good at persuading people to buy things they didn’t want to buy,” he told the New Statesman in October 2016. [19]

Banks eventually moved into a junior position in the Lloyds' insurance market, where he gained his first exposure to the industry. Banks spent seven years at Lloyds', working his way into a junior underwriting position before he moved to Bristol, following a split from his first wife.

openDemocracy found a number of ‘cracks in Banks’ biography’ from this point on. Banks claimed he led his own sales team at Norwich Union – now part of Aviva, but Aviva said they have no record of Banks ever having worked for Norwich Union. Banks also claimed to have worked for Warren Buffett, but checks made by Buffett’s office drew a blank.

Business associates

The Australian solicitor Jim Gannon and the accountant Paul Chase-Gardener are both described as long-term business partners of Banks.[20]

Political donations

Banks' loans to Leave.EU:

Date Name of donor Amount Donated to Subsidiary (parties only)
April 16 Arron Fraser Banks £1m loan Leave.EU n/a
March 16 Arron Fraser Banks £3m loan Leave.EU n/a
March 16 Arron Fraser Banks £2m loan Leave.EU n/a

Better for the Country Ltd donations to pro-Brexit campaign groups:

Date Name of donor Amount Donated to Subsidiary (parties only)
March 16 Better for the Country Ltd £1.9m Grassroots Out n/a
Jun 16-Feb 17 Better for the Country Ltd £110,000 UKIP Central Party
Jun 2016 Better for the Country Ltd £50,000 Veterans for Britain n/a
Mar-May 2016 Better for the Country Ltd £54,000 Trade Unionists Against The European Union n/a
Mar 2016 Better for the Country Ltd £50,000 WAGTV n/a

Banks' UKIP donations:

Date Name of donor Amount Donated to Subsidiary (parties only)
April 17 Arron F Banks £2,000 UKIP Clacton
June 16 Arron F Banks £10,000 UKIP South East
April 16 Arron F Banks £25,000 UKIP South Wales East
Mar 15-Aug 15 Arron F Banks £17,000 UKIP Central Party
Dec 14-Feb 15 Arron F Banks £25,000 UKIP Young Independence
Nov 2014 Arron F Banks £100,000 UKIP Central Party

Donations to the Conservative Party:

Date Name of donor Amount Donated to Subsidiary (parties only)
May 2009 Arron F Banks £5,000 Conservative Party Thornbury and Yate
Jan 2007 Arron F Banks £20,000.00 Conservative Party Northavon

[21]

Notes

  1. Leave donor plans new party to replace Ukip – possibly without Farage in charge Guardian, 29 June 2016
  2. Leave donor plans new party to replace Ukip – possibly without Farage in charge Guardian, 29 June 2016
  3. Arron Banks winds up charity as regulator investigates, The Ferret, 30 Oct 2017
  4. Alastair Sloan and Iain Campbell, How did Arron Banks afford Brexit?, openDemocracy, 19 Oct 2017
  5. Electoral Commission statement regarding Better for the Country Limited and Mr Arron Banks, Electoral Commission press release, 1 Nov 2017
  6. Arron Banks investigated over Brexit vote donations, Times, 1 Nov 2017
  7. What (precisely) is the Electoral Commission investigating Banks for?, openDemocracy, 1 Nov 2017
  8. Brexit donor Arron Banks calls Electoral Commission a ‘swamp creature’, Times, 9 Nov 2017
  9. 9.0 9.1 Bristol Post, Bristol businessman ups UKIP donation to £1 million after Tory calls him a "nobody", 1 October 2014, accessed 17 February 2015
  10. 10.0 10.1 BBC News, Ex-Tory donor Arron Banks gives £1m to UKIP, 1 October 2014, accessed 17 February 2015
  11. Tamara Cohen £1m Ukip donor 'funding online attacks on rivals': Entrepreneur said to have registered website which attacks three main parties Daily Mail, 24 December 2014, accessed 17 February 2015
  12. 12.0 12.1 Rajeev Syal Ukip donor Arron Banks shows tax cheque sent to HMRC for £1.86m The Guardian, 4 October 2014, accessed 17 February 2015
  13. How the businesses of Brexit campaigner ‘King’ Arron Banks overlap, FT, 30 June 2017
  14. How the businesses of Brexit campaigner ‘King’ Arron Banks overlap, FT, 30 June 2017
  15. How the businesses of Brexit campaigner ‘King’ Arron Banks overlap, FT, 30 June 2017
  16. The Brexiters who put their money offshore, Guardian, 10 Nov 2017
  17. Alastair Sloan and Iain Campbell, How did Arron Banks afford Brexit?, openDemocracy, 19 Oct 2017
  18. Russia’s free pass to undermine British democracy, Guardian, 21 Oct 2017
  19. Alastair Sloan and Iain Campbell, How did Arron Banks afford Brexit?, openDemocracy, 19 Oct 2017
  20. Alastair Sloan and Iain Campbell, How did Arron Banks afford Brexit?, openDemocracy, 19 Oct 2017
  21. Electoral Commission, Donation Search, accessed Nov 2017