Freeman family (Glasgow)

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Glasgow-area Jewish Freeman families of Camphill Avenue and of Ayr, and the Fremerman family of the JNF organiser Jack Freeman

The Freeman family (Glasgow) page covers two Glasgow-area Jewish families of that name, and a third family, the Fremermans, of whom only Jack Freeman, the JNF organiser, is shown in the Scottish statutory index as having adopted the surname Freeman. The Camphill family, of 47 Camphill Avenue, Langside, is descended from Max Freeman and Fanny Freeman of 42 Sinclair Drive; among their descendants is the Zionist author and settler colonist Ben M Freeman (also Ben Freeman). The Ayr family is that of Harris Freeman and Rachel Freeman (née Livingston), including Jack Freeman and Cecil Freeman. The Camphill and Ayr families were involved in the Zionist movement: on the Camphill side, Clarice Freeman was honorary secretary of the Glasgow Women's Zionist Organisation and, through her, the family is linked to the Teitelbaum family; on the Ayr side, Harris Freeman was president of the Ayr Zionist Society in 1904, and Cecil Freeman held office in the Ayr Hebrew Congregation. A different Jack Freeman was organising secretary of the Jewish National Fund in Scotland; he was born Jack Fremerman in 1917, in the Shoreditch registration district of London, a son of Morris Fremerman and Rose Fremerman (née Hyman), and is not the Ayr son of Harris and Rachel. Of Morris and Rose's children, only he is shown in the Scottish statutory index as having adopted the surname Freeman. No family relationship between the Camphill or Ayr Freemans and the Fremermans has been established.

Camphill family (Max and Fanny Freeman)

Louis and Clarice Freeman

Louis Freeman married Clarice Teitelbaum on 9 March 1926 at the Synagogue, Garnethill, Glasgow, after publication according to the forms of the Jews; the marriage was registered on 11 March in the District of Milton, Burgh of Glasgow. Louis was then 32, a bachelor and a musical director, living at 42 Sinclair Drive, Glasgow. Clarice was a spinster of 49 Camphill Avenue, Glasgow, her age given as 21 (the reading is not certain). His parents were Max Freeman, jeweller, and Fanny Freeman, maiden surname most likely Ersler. Hers were Emanuel Teitelbaum, commercial traveller, and Rebecca Teitelbaum, maiden surname Sakolski. Neither set of parents is marked deceased. The officiant was E. I. Phillips, minister of Garnethill Synagogue (the middle initial is not a secure reading). The witnesses were Harry Scott of 32 Exeter Road, London N.W., and a man whose name appears to be Nathan L. Gerber, of 8 Balmoral Crescent, Glasgow (the surname is not a secure reading). The entry has no Register of Corrected Entries note.[1] This makes Louis's parentage definite: he is a son of Max and Fanny Freeman, and is not a son of Harris Freeman and Rachel Freeman of Ayr. A 1938 subscription list had separate lines for “Louis Freeman, 47 Camphill Avenue” and “Messrs. H. Freeman & Sons, Ayr”.[2]

Valuation rolls record Louis Freeman as tenant of 47 Camphill Avenue, Cathcart, in 1930, 1935 and 1940, next door to Clarice's parents at number 49, and in 1940 also as tenant of an office at 55 West Regent Street.[3][4] The Jewish Echo announced the birth of a son on 8 March 1932 “to Mr. and Mrs. L. Freeman (nee Clarice Teitelbaum), 47 Camphill Avenue, Langside”.[5]

This Louis was a well-known Glasgow orchestra leader and musical director, still living at 47 Camphill Avenue, Langside, in 1957.[6] Ben Braber describes him as a well-known Glasgow Jewish musician and as conductor, from the spring of 1945, of the Glasgow Hebrew Male Voice Choir, which had its centre at Queen's Park and also performed at other synagogues. Braber also records that he had been involved in the public performance of music from about 1908 and was a well-known musician in Glasgow by 1930, citing the Daily Record and Mail of 4 February 1930.[7][8] Kenneth Collins records a Louis Freeman as a piano virtuoso from about 1908, who received a Gold Medal in 1912 and was thereafter “in continual demand for concerts”, citing an interview with Louis Freeman in August 1989.[9] Collins also names “the young Louis Freeman” as the musician at a Glasgow B'nei Zion Purim concert in 1906, “who was still giving concerts more than 80 years later.”[10] In October 1916 he appeared at an entertainment for about 150 Jewish soldiers at the Windsor Hotel, arranged by the South Portland Street Congregation: the Jewish Chronicle names Louis Freeman as accompanist for the musical portion and as one of the committee, with E. Isaacs, A. Naftalin, S. Markson, A. Barnett and Ben Cohen; the Lord Provost’s letter of apology for absence was addressed to Mr. L. Freeman.[11] Collins describes him as leading the musical entertainment at that reception.[12] Identification of this musician with the 1926 bridegroom remains probable, resting on the occupation of musical director and on an age that fits a man already performing in 1906, still giving concerts in the late 1980s, and interviewed in 1989. Collins treats as a different man the artist Scottie Wilson, born Louis Freeman in 1888.[13] Kirk Hansen, drawing on a Scottish Jewish Archives Centre oral-history interview conducted by Braber, records a Louis Freeman whose musical interests took him to America at the start of the First World War, and that the war prevented his return. A report in the Wishaw Press of 3 December 1937 says that he had intended to become a concert pianist and went to America after the war, which differs on the timing. The identification of Hansen's interviewee with the Camphill band leader is probable.[14][15] A 1938 memoriam “to our dear mother, Fanny Freeman” was inserted from 47 Camphill Avenue. Max Freeman of 42 Sinclair Drive, Langside, died suddenly on 30 June 1929, aged 71, “deeply mourned by his sons, daughters, son-in-law, daughters-in-law and grandchildren”; an obituary in the same issue of the Jewish Echo called him a “Glasgow Veteran”. His death is indexed in Cathcart, mother's maiden name Price. Fanny Freeman, his widow, died on 11 August 1936, aged 74, also in Cathcart. No Scottish marriage of Max and Fanny has been found.[16][17][18][19][20]

He is probably the Louis Freeman who died in Glasgow (Martha Street) in 1994, aged 101, mother's maiden name Ersler. The age matches a birth around 1893–94, as implied by his being 32 in March 1926, and Ersler matches the maiden name on the marriage entry. A Clarice Freeman death is indexed in Eastwood and Mearns in 1988, aged 86, mother's maiden name Sakolski, which fits Clarice's mother, Rebecca Teitelbaum (née Sakolski); that identification is probable.[21][22]

Zionist activity

During the Second World War Clarice Freeman was honorary secretary of the Glasgow Women's Zionist Organisation. The Jewish Echo named “Hon. Secretary, Mrs. Clarice Freeman” in April 1943 and “CLARICE FREEMAN, Hon. Secretary” in August 1944.[23][24] In October 1945 the organisation asked readers to “address parcels to the Hon. Secy., MRS. L. FREEMAN, 47 Camphill Avenue, S.1”.[25] In 1943 she also spoke for the Glasgow Jewish Women's Appeal Committee, which raised £6,340 for Save the Children.[26]

On 26 March 1948 the Glasgow Commission of the Jewish National Fund listed under “Golden Weddings” in its Golden Book: “Mr and Mrs E. Teitelbaum Inscribed by Mr and Mrs Louis Freeman and Sons”.[27] The following month Emanuel Teitelbaum replied on behalf of the recipients at the JNF's presentation of Golden Book certificates.[28]

Gerald and Malcolm Freeman

Louis and Clarice had two sons. Gerald, “eldest son of Mr. and Mrs. Louis Freeman, 47 Camphill Avenue, Langside”, was barmitzvah at Queen's Park Synagogue on 13 January 1940.[29] He is probably the Gerald Isaac Freeman whose birth was registered in Cathcart in 1927; that entry is returned under the mother's maiden name spelled Titelbaum rather than Teitelbaum, so the identification is probable rather than definite. A Gerald Isaac Freeman death is indexed in Eastwood and Mearns in 2008, aged 81, mother's maiden name spelled Teitlebaum; that is probably the same man.[30]

Malcolm Harold Freeman, “younger son of Mr. and Mrs. Louis Freeman”, was barmitzvah at Queen's Park Synagogue on 17 March 1945.[31] His birth was registered in Cathcart in 1932, under the mother's maiden name Teitelbaum, matching the 1932 birth notice; he died in 2017 aged 84 in Eastwood and Mearns.[32]

Malcolm Freeman's family and Ben M Freeman

The marriage index records the marriage in 1979, in Eastwood and Mearns, of Malcolm Harold Freeman and Sarah Lena Samuels.[33] Three Freeman births are returned under the mother's maiden name Samuels: Mark Jack Freeman (1981), Diane Rebecca Freeman (1983) and Ben Maxwell Freeman (1987).[34] Electoral registers place Malcolm, Sarah, Ben, Diane and Mark Freeman in one Newton Mearns household in the 2000s and 2010s.[35] These relationships are probable: the indexes do not name parents. Malcolm would have been about 47 at the 1979 marriage. Ben M Freeman has said his father died in February 2017, which fits Malcolm's death that year.[36]

The Jewish Chronicle report of the UJIA Scotland annual dinner of March 2011, a fundraiser for UJIA programmes “in the UK and northern Israel”, carried photographs captioned “Malcolm and Sarah Freeman” and “Ben Freeman and UJIA Scotland youth worker Jared Ross” in the same row; the captions do not state a relationship.[37] Jared Ross is named there with Ben. Ben M Freeman, a UJIA youth worker in Glasgow and later a Zionist author, moved to 'Tel Aviv' in June 2026 and has since been a settler colonist in occupied Palestine; he describes this as a return to what he calls the Jews' indigenous land.[38] See Ben M Freeman.

Teitelbaum and Gerber relatives

Clarice's parents, Emanuel Teitelbaum and Rebecca Teitelbaum (née Sakolski), married at Garnethill Synagogue on 8 December 1897 and marked their golden wedding in 1947.[39][40] They lived at 36 Abbotsford Place, Govan, in 1915–20 and at 49 Camphill Avenue from 1925.[3] Both died in 1958 in Pollok, Emanuel aged 90 and Rebecca aged 78.[41] A fuller account belongs on the Teitelbaum family page.

Jessie Gerber died on 6 August 1940. A notice that month listed “Mr & Mrs E. Teitelbaum. Mr & Mrs Louis Freeman and Sons” as sister and brother-in-law, niece and nephew.[42] Memoriam notices for her in 1942–44 were inserted by “her heartbroken sister and brother-in-law, Mr and Mrs Emanuel Teitelbaum, niece and nephew, Mr and Mrs L. Freeman”, from 49 Camphill Avenue.[43] The wording makes her most probably Rebecca's sister. Her death is indexed twice under one reference, as Jessie Sakolski and as Jessie Gerbert, a misspelling of Gerber, aged 59.[44] Jessie Sakolski married Barnet Gerber in Gorbals in 1902, and four Gerber children were registered under the mother's maiden name Sakolski: Clara (1903), Polly (1905), Samuel Joseph (1908) and Isidor (1913).[45] A Mrs B. Gerber of 16 Queen's Drive, Crosshill, joined Mrs E. Teitelbaum in a 1931 memoriam for a Sakolski relative.[46] When Barnett Gerber died on 11 October 1947 at 160 Queen’s Drive, leaving his wife Nellie, his mourners included his “brother-in-law, sister-in-law, nephew and niece. Mr and Mrs E. Teitelbaum, 49 Camphill Avenue. Mr and Mrs L. Freeman and sons, 47 Camphill Avenue.”[47] He was probably the Barnet Gerber whose death was registered in Pollok in 1947, aged 67, and who had married Jessie Sakolski in 1902: the name, year and age fit, but the death index gives neither the exact date, address nor wife.[48] His age implies a birth about 1879–80. The identification with the 1902 bridegroom remains probable. Samuel Joseph's residence at 16 Queen's Drive in June 1932 matches the address of Mrs B. Gerber in the 1931 memoriam.[49][46] No Scottish marriage of Nellie to a Gerber or Gerbert has been found under Nellie, Nell, Nelly, Nella, Nechi, Nechie, Necha, Nechama, Nechemaya, Nehemiah, Helen, Ellen, Eleanor or Lena; her status as a legal wife remains unproved.[50]

Eva Gerber, who died in 1942, was mourned by “her heart-broken Uncle and Auntie Teitelbaum and cousins Louis and Clarice Freeman”.[51] She married Samuel Joseph Gerber on 14 June 1932 at Queen's Park Synagogue, Glasgow, after banns according to the forms of the Jewish Church. David Jacobs, minister of the South Portland Street Synagogue, officiated. The groom signed Samuel Joseph Gerber, although the marriage is indexed as Samuel Joseph Gerbert and Eva Wolfson.[52] Samuel was a bachelor aged 23, a jewellery warehouseman living at 16 Queen's Drive, Glasgow, and the son of Barnett Gerber, wholesale jewellery warehouseman, and Jessie Gerber, maiden surname Sakolsky. Eva, who signed Eva Wolfson, was a spinster aged 25, living at 16 Camphill Avenue, Glasgow, and the daughter of Solomon Wolfson, furniture manufacturer, and Nechi Wolfson, maiden surname Williamovsky. None of their parents is marked deceased. The entry bears no Register of Corrected Entries note, divorce annotation or later correction.[49] These parents identify her husband as Samuel Joseph Gerber, born in Gorbals in 1908 under the mother's maiden name Sakolski; his age of 23 in June 1932 is consistent with that birth.[45] The Samuel Gerber who married Sarah Morron in Kelvingrove in 1935 was likely a different man: Eva was still living, and no Scottish divorce is noted on the 1932 marriage entry.[49][53]

Ayr family (Harris and Rachel Freeman)

Harris and Rachel Freeman

Harris Freeman, honorary life president of the Ayr Hebrew Congregation, and Rachel Livingston were married on 3 January 1894 at the Synagogue, Glasgow, after banns according to the forms of the Jews; the marriage was registered on 6 January 1894 in Kelvin.[54] Harris was 26, a bachelor and drapery traveller, of 16 Major Street, Gorbals; his father appears as Joseph Freeman, furniture, and his mother as Ettie Freeman (her maiden surname is not securely read). Rachel, a spinster of 16 Ninian Street, Gorbals, appears to have been 22 (possibly 20). Her father was Eli Livingston, a horse dealer, deceased, and her mother Ester Livingston (née Goodman). That is not the parentage of the Levinson–Livingston family, nor of Lewis Isaac Livingstone and Sarah Links, who married in 1908. According to Abrams, Harris arrived from Russia in 1893 and was naturalised in 1897; Abrams gives no footnote for that statement, so it is probable rather than proved.[55] He was president of the Ayr Zionist Society when it was set up in 1904.[56] In 1926 he donated premises at 40 High Street, Ayr, for a synagogue and classroom.[57] At the consecration of the new synagogue in 1941, a sefer Torah he had bought in 1894 was placed in the ark.[58] Harris died on Wednesday 13 July 1949 (Tammuz 16, 5709). A death notice in the Jewish Echo of 22 July, inserted from 2B Arrol Drive, Ayr, described him as the “beloved husband of Rachael Freeman” (the marriage register spells her name Rachel) and as deeply mourned by his wife, sons, daughter, son-in-law, daughters-in-law and grandchildren. The Ayr Hebrew Congregation extended condolence to their honorary life president. The mourners are listed in the following section.[59] A Harris Freeman death is indexed in Ayr in 1949, aged 81, matching the notice and his age at marriage.[60] No Rachel Freeman death is indexed under maiden name Livingston or Livingstone; a possible later identification is a Rachel Freeman who died in Ayr in 1960, aged 86 (mother's maiden name blank).[61] No Scottish Rachel Livingston or Livingstone birth in 1855–1880 has the mother's maiden name Goodman. No death is indexed in Scotland between 1855 and 1893 under the names Eli, Elias, Elie or Ely Livingston or Livingstone.[62] The England and Wales birth indexes for 1868–1878, which do not show the mother's maiden name, have two Rachel Livingstone entries (December 1872, Sunderland, and June 1876, Stoke upon Trent) and none under Livingston or Rachael; neither can be tested for Goodman from that index.[63] No corresponding notice was found in the Jewish Chronicle for 1894.

The Ayr Louis, and other children of Harris and Rachel

The 1949 death notice named these mourners: Mr and Mrs Albert Freeman and daughter, 12 Montgomery Terrace, Ayr; Mr and Mrs Aaron Freeman, 60 Gramercy Park, New York, U.S.A.; Mr Jack Freeman, 23 Arrol Drive, Ayr; Mr and Mrs Louis Freeman and son, 12 Bellevue Crescent, Ayr; Mr and Mrs Cecil Freeman, son and daughter, 15 Robsland Avenue, Ayr; and Dr and Mrs S. Osborne and daughters, 94 Coast Road, Newcastle-on-Tyne. It thus names five sons — Albert, Aaron, Jack, Louis and Cecil — and one daughter, Mrs S. Osborne, whose given name is not stated.[59] The Louis of Bellevue Crescent is probably the Louis Freeman born in Ayr in 1903, who died in Eastwood and Mearns in 1988, aged 85, mother's maiden name Livingstone, a son of Harris and Rachel and so a brother of Jack and Cecil. The 1940 valuation rolls listing a Louis Freeman as tenant of the house at 1 Ballantine Drive, Ayr, proprietor of shops and stores at 67–73 Green Street (west side), and tenant of the house at 195 High Street (south side), are probably his.[64][65][4] Ayr births under the maternal surname Livingston or Livingstone include Jacob Freeman (1900), David Freeman (1902), Aaron Freeman (1897), Israel Freeman (1905) and Hetty Freeman (1908); these are possible siblings only, and no Cecil Freeman birth is among them. A Jacob Freeman born in Ayr in 1900, mother's maiden name Livingstone, may be a brother of the Ayr Louis.[66][67]

The 1949 notice already identifies Dr and Mrs S. Osborne of Newcastle as the daughter's household. A death notice in the Jewish Chronicle of 10 January 1975 for Dr Samuel Osborne of Newcastle, who had died on 27 December 1974, was inserted by “his sorrowing brothers-in-law and their families: Steve and Lucille, Jack and Irene, Louis and Freda, Cecil and Estelle (Freeman).” That is consistent with the 1949 mourner list, and names Louis's wife as Freda and Jack's later wife as Irene. The sister's given name is still not stated and is not invented here. The 1975 notice also names Steve and Lucille. Steve does not appear in the 1949 list, and he has not been identified with Albert or with any of the Ayr birth-index entries listed above. That name is left unexplained; Steve is not assumed to be Albert.[68]

Jack Freeman

Jack Freeman married Freeda Marks on 14 August 1935 at Marlborough House, Glasgow, after banns according to the forms of the Jews; the minister was Isadore Goodman of Queen's Park Synagogue. Jack was then 33, a bachelor and furniture merchant of 49 Bellevue Crescent, Ayr, and his parents were Harris Freeman, furniture merchant, and Rachel Freeman, maiden surname Livingston. Freeda, 25, of 39 Garturk Street, Glasgow, was the daughter of Hyman Marks, jeweller, and Ettie Marks (née Bell). One witness was Joseph Mellick of 124 Nithsdale Road, Glasgow.[69] A notice of thanks from “Mr. and Mrs. Jack Freeman (Freeda Marlks)” followed the wedding.[70] They were divorced on 13 August 1943, by decree of Lord Russell in the Court of Session, in an action by Jack, still described as a furniture merchant of 49 Bellevue Crescent, Ayr, against Freeda Marks or Freeman, then living care of Salinsky, 18 Sandmoor Drive, Allwoodley, Leeds. The note was added to the marriage entry on 16 August 1943.[71]

In July 1949 this Jack was named, without a wife, as a mourner at 23 Arrol Drive, Ayr.[59] He is not the Jack Freeman who was organising secretary of the Jewish National Fund in Scotland from about 1946 until 1949, when he left for 'Israel'. That organiser's wife was Edna Freeman (née Goldinger), and in 1948 he was a secretary living at 30 Ruthven Avenue, Giffnock.[72] Joseph Mellick was a witness at the 1935 wedding and a fellow Glasgow delegate of the organiser in 1947, a link which earlier suggested one man, but the wife's name and the Giffnock address show that they are different men. The 1949 notices point the same way: in April 1949 the Jewish Chronicle reported that the organiser's parents, and a brother and sister-in-law, had recently left Glasgow for 'Israel', and in May “Mr and Mrs Jack Freeman” were at home in Giffnock prior to their departure; Harris, however, died in Ayr in July, and this Jack was then still in Ayr.[73][74] The organiser's career, including the loss of his triplet daughters in 1948, is set out on his own page. No later record of Freeda has been identified. The January 1975 Osborne notice names “Jack and Irene” among the Freeman brothers-in-law, which makes it probable that this Jack had a later wife named Irene, after the 1943 divorce. That announcement is not used here to identify Irene as the unnamed wife in the May 1949 Giffnock notice, which belongs to the organiser.[68] A further notice in the Jewish Chronicle of 20 June 1975 reads: “FREEMAN.—Jack. Our good friend has passed into eternal rest. Deepest sympathy with dear Irene and the Freeman family.—Mick and Tilly Lawrence.” It is probable that this is the same Ayr Jack, the husband of Irene named in the Osborne notice, and that he died about June 1975. No death of a Jack Freeman is indexed in Scotland.[75] No marriage of Jack to Irene has been identified. ScotlandsPeople searches of the statutory marriage register for 1943–1975, for a groom named Freeman with the forename Jack, John or Jacob, returned no Irene as spouse except the 1962 Newton Mearns marriage of John Freeman and Irene Ruth Cohen, which is not identified with this Jack.[76] FreeBMD indexes of England and Wales marriages for 1943–1975 list 58 Jack Freeman entries, none of them on the same page as an Irene.[77] No wedding notice was found in the Jewish Chronicle archive for 1943–1960. A marriage abroad cannot be excluded.[78] A Jack Freeman whose birth was registered in Govan in 1930 is not a son of Louis and Clarice, as his entry is not returned under the mother's maiden name Teitelbaum.[79]

Cecil and Estelle Freeman

Cecil Freeman was a son of the same parents, and so Jack's brother. On 18 October 1939 he married Estelle Rosenheim at the Synagogue, Garnethill, Glasgow, after banns according to the forms of the Jews; the marriage was registered the next day in the District of Milton. Cecil was then 31, a bachelor and an accountant, living at 49 Bellevue Crescent, Ayr, the same address Jack had given in 1935. His parents were Harris Freeman, house furnisher, and Rachel Freeman, maiden surname Livingstone. Estelle was 24, a spinster, of 9 Queens Terrace, Ayr (the street name is not a secure reading), and the daughter of John Rosenheim, a hardware merchant (the register may give his middle name as Israel), and Jessie Rosenheim (née Herbert). The entry has no Register of Corrected Entries note.[80] In August 1939 the Jewish Echo referred to “Mrs Freeman, of Ayr” and her “future daughter-in-law, Miss E. Rosenheim”; by 27 October it named “Mrs Freeman (formerly Miss E. Rosenheim)”.[81] Estelle's birth was registered in Hillhead in 1915 as Estella Rosenheim, mother's maiden name Herbert.[82] A son was born to Mr and Mrs Cecil Freeman of Ayr in 1940, and a daughter at 15 Robsland Avenue, Ayr, in 1944; the notices do not give the children's names.[83] In 1926 he passed the final examination of the Corporation of Accountants and was admitted to the FCRA, then joined the family furniture business started by his parents; that is compatible with his still being described as an accountant at his marriage in 1939.[84] By 1940 Cecil Freeman of 15 Robsland Avenue was honorary secretary of the Ayr congregation; in 1944 he was honorary auditor of the Ayr Jewish Hospitality Fund, and in December 1949 he chaired an evening honouring Mr Harris.[85] JCR-UK records Cecil Freeman as honorary secretary in 1945–46 and C. Freeman as chairman and warden from 1949 to 1956.[86] The Jewish Chronicle still had C. Freeman as chairman in October 1974, at 59 Auchendoon Crescent, Ayr.[87] In March 1975, as the congregation was closing, he wrote to the Jewish Echo of the “saddening thought that this might well be the last service to be held in the Ayr synagogue”; Abrams records that he took a leading part in the congregation's disbandment, and that by 1982 he had moved to Newton Mearns. Abrams gives no footnote for the move, so that last point is probable.[88]

An Estelle Freeman death is indexed in Eastwood and Mearns in 2003, aged 87, mother's maiden name Herbert, which fits the 1915 birth; the identification is probable. Mrs Estelle Freeman appears at 7 Treemain Road (“Kildonan”), Giffnock, in the Eastwood valuation roll for 1965–66, a link that rests on name and district only.[89][90] A Cecil Freeman death is indexed in the same district in 2004, aged 99, mother's maiden name Livingstone; that is probably this man, but his age at marriage (31 in 1939) would imply a birth about 1908, while age 99 in 2004 would imply about 1905. No Cecil Freeman birth with the mother's maiden name Livingston or Livingstone is indexed for 1894–1920, so his birth entry is unidentified.[91]

The Estelle of the 1939 marriage and of the 1975 Osborne notice is this woman, née Rosenheim. Other Jewish Chronicle items for an “Estelle Freeman”, including a head of the Yavneh nursery in Brighton, refer to a different person.

Fremerman family (Jack Freeman, JNF organiser)

Jack Freeman, organising secretary of the Jewish National Fund in Scotland from 1946 until 1949, was born Jack Fremerman, a son of Morris Fremerman (also Mores), a tailor, and Rose Fremerman (also Rosie), née Hyman. They married in 1911 in the Blythswood district of Glasgow (644/10/70).[92] Jack's birth was registered in England. The England and Wales birth index records Jack Fremerman, mother's maiden name Hyman, in the September quarter of 1917, in the Shoreditch registration district (volume 1c, page 13).[93] That is this man's birth: the entry is the only Jack Fremerman birth in that index for 1905–1925, the mother's maiden name matches, and it accounts for his absence from the Scottish statutory birth index. The identification is definite.

The other children of Morris and Rose, all registered in Glasgow with mother's maiden name Hyman, were Mela (1911, Blythswood, 644/10/629), probably the Milly of later notices; Meyer Wolfe (1912, Gorbals, 644/17/639), who died in Townhead in 1941, aged 29 (644/6/1520); Annie (1914, Gorbals, 644/17/1070), who died in Eastwood and Mearns in 2009, aged 95, still indexed as Fremerman (650/829); and Percy (1925, Calton, 644/3/85), who married Celia Bertha Altman in Pollok in 1947 (644/18/236), indexed only as Fremerman. The identifications of Annie and Percy are definite; that of Mela with Milly is probable.[94][95][96][97]

Esther, named in a 1995 account of the family as having married Barney Morron and as then living in Glasgow, is Stella Fremerman (also Stella Morron). The identification is definite. Stella Fremerman married Barnet Morron in the Gorbals in 1940 (644/15/653), the marriage being indexed under both surnames; her death, as Stella, aged 86, mother's maiden name Hyman, was registered in Glasgow in 2006 (605/650), and is indexed under both Fremerman and Morron.[98][95][99]

In the Scottish statutory index, only Jack is also recorded under the surname Freeman. He married Edna Goldinger in Pollok in 1941 (644/18/532); the index gives the groom's surname both as Fremerman and as Freeman.[100] No other Fremerman in this family has been found switching to Freeman in that index. The 1995 reunion article, however, captions Percy as Percy Freeman.

Before the war Jack was honorary secretary of the Glasgow Poale Zion branch. At its annual meeting in January 1940 he presented his report as honorary secretary, and M. Fremerman was elected vice-chairman.[101][102] On 16 August 1946 the Jewish Chronicle reported that “His successor as J.N.F. Organiser for Scotland will be Mr. J. Fremerman.”[103] A fortnight later it named “Mr. J. Fremerman, of Glasgow, who has been appointed J.N.F. Organiser for Scotland (in succession to Mr. Montague W. Jacobs)”, described him as “an active member of the Glasgow branch of the Poale Zion”, and recorded that “During the war he served with the Royal Corps of Signals in the Middle East.”[104] He resigned in 1949 and left to settle in 'Israel', becoming a settler colonist in occupied Palestine, as did his parents, Annie, Milly, and Percy and his family. His career, including the loss of his triplet daughters in 1948, is set out on his own page.[73][72][98]

A separately indexed Glasgow family spelled Freemerman, with mother's maiden name Gliking, is not this family.

Zionist movement links

The Camphill and Ayr families were involved in the Zionist movement. In the Camphill family, Clarice Freeman was honorary secretary of the Glasgow Women's Zionist Organisation during the Second World War,[23][24] and in 1948 Louis and their sons inscribed her parents in the Jewish National Fund Golden Book.[27] Ben M Freeman later worked as a UJIA youth worker in Glasgow and is a Zionist author; in June 2026 he settled in 'Tel Aviv', becoming a settler colonist in occupied Palestine.[38] In the Ayr family, Harris Freeman was president of the Ayr Zionist Society in 1904.[56] From the Fremerman family, a different Jack Freeman was honorary secretary of Glasgow Poale Zion before the war and organising secretary of the Jewish National Fund in Scotland from 1946 until 1949, when he left for 'Israel'; he is not the Ayr furniture merchant.[101][103][104][73][59][72]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of marriages, District of Milton, Burgh of Glasgow, 1926, ref. 644/9/101 (entry 101), registered 11 March 1926; image viewed 11 November 2026.
  2. ↑ Jewish Echo, 5 August 1938, p. 9.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 ScotlandsPeople, valuation rolls, index entries: FREEMAN, Louis, tenant, house, 47 Camphill Avenue, Cathcart, 1930, 1935, 1940 (VR010201468, VR010201567, VR010201670); TEITELBAUM, Emanuel, tenant, house, 36 Abbotsford Place, Govan, 1915 and 1920 (VR010201083, VR010201283), and 49 Camphill Avenue, Cathcart, 1925, 1930, 1935, 1940 (VR010201377, VR010201468, VR010201567, VR010201670), accessed 7 November 2026.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 ScotlandsPeople, valuation rolls, index entries, 1940, accessed 11 November 2026: FREEMAN, Louis, tenant, house, 1 Ballantine Drive, Ayr; proprietor, shops and stores, 67–73 Green Street (west side), Ayr; tenant, house, 195 High Street (south side), Ayr; FREEMAN, Louis, tenant, office, 55 West Regent Street, VR010201661, and tenant, house, 47 Camphill Avenue, Cathcart, VR010201670.
  5. ↑ Jewish Echo, 11 March 1932, p. 9; BNA page.
  6. ↑ “Band leader in car crash”, Aberdeen Evening Express, 25 May 1957, p. 11.
  7. ↑ Ben Braber, “Integration of Jewish immigrants in Glasgow, 1880–1939” (PhD thesis, University of Glasgow, 1992), p. 116, citing Scottish Jewish Archives Centre, Queen's Park Hebrew Congregation Jubilee Brochure (1956).
  8. ↑ Braber, “Integration of Jewish immigrants in Glasgow, 1880–1939”, p. 281, citing the Daily Record and Mail, 4 February 1930.
  9. ↑ Kenneth E. Collins, Second City Jewry: The Jews of Glasgow in the Age of Expansion, 1790–1919 (Glasgow: Scottish Jewish Archives Committee, 1990), p. 176, n. 60 (Louis Freeman, interview, August 1989).
  10. ↑ Collins, Second City Jewry, p. 114.
  11. ↑ Jewish Chronicle, 13 October 1916, p. 17, “Entertainment to Jewish Soldiers”, archive page.
  12. ↑ Collins, Second City Jewry, p. 191, n. 57.
  13. ↑ Collins, Second City Jewry, p. 178.
  14. ↑ Kirk Hansen, “Jewish Identity and Attitudes toward Militarism in Scotland c.1898 to the 1920s” (PhD thesis, University of Dundee, 2015), pp. 37, 40, 136–138, citing Scottish Jewish Archives Centre, Oral History Project, OHP2, Louis Freeman.
  15. ↑ Wishaw Press, 3 December 1937, p. 7.
  16. ↑ Jewish Echo, 14 August 1936, p. 8; BNA page: “Fanny Freeman, widow of the late Max Freeman, 42 Sinclair Drive, Langside, Glasgow. Deeply mourned by sons, daughters, daughters-in-law, and grandchildren.”
  17. ↑ Jewish Echo, 19 August 1938, p. 7; BNA page.
  18. ↑ Jewish Echo, 5 July 1929, p. 6 (death notice) and p. 4 (obituary, “Glasgow Veteran”).
  19. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of deaths, index entry: FREEMAN, Max, age 71, mother's maiden name Price, 1929, Cathcart, ref. 644/24/661; statutory register of marriages, index search for Max and Fanny Freeman, no Scottish entry found; accessed 11 November 2026.
  20. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of deaths, index entry: FREEMAN, Fanny, age 74, 1936, Cathcart, ref. 644/19/857, accessed 11 November 2026.
  21. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of deaths, index entry: FREEMAN, Louis, age 101, mother's maiden name Ersler, 1994, Glasgow, Martha Street, ref. 613/251, accessed 11 November 2026.
  22. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of deaths, index entry: FREEMAN, Clarice, age 86, mother's maiden name Sakolski, 1988, Eastwood and Mearns, ref. 650/294, accessed 11 November 2026.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Jewish Echo, 23 April 1943, p. 4; BNA page.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Jewish Echo, 4 August 1944, p. 4; BNA page; also 18 August 1944, p. 4, BNA page.
  25. ↑ Jewish Echo, 5 October 1945, p. 1; BNA page; repeated 12 October 1945, p. 1, BNA page.
  26. ↑ Jewish Echo, 21 May 1943, p. 2; BNA page.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Jewish Echo, 26 March 1948, p. 1; BNA page.
  28. ↑ Jewish Echo, 16 April 1948, p. 10; BNA page.
  29. ↑ Jewish Echo, 5 January 1940, p. 7, BNA page; 12 January 1940, p. 7, BNA page.
  30. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of births, index entry: FREEMAN, Gerald Isaac, male, 1927, Cathcart (Glasgow), ref. 644/24/71, returned under mother's maiden name Titelbaum, accessed 7 November 2026; statutory register of deaths, index entry: FREEMAN, Gerald Isaac, age 81, mother's maiden name Teitlebaum, 2008, Eastwood and Mearns, ref. 650/158, accessed 11 November 2026.
  31. ↑ Jewish Echo, 16 March 1945, p. 6; BNA page.
  32. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of births, index entry: FREEMAN, Malcolm Harold, male, 1932, Cathcart (Glasgow), ref. 644/24/176, returned under mother's maiden name Teitelbaum; statutory register of deaths, index entry: FREEMAN, Malcolm Harold, age 84, mother's maiden name Teitelbaum, 2017, Eastwood and Mearns, ref. 650/142; accessed 7 November 2026.
  33. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of marriages, index entry: FREEMAN, Malcolm Harold, and SAMUELS, Sarah Lena, 1979, Eastwood and Mearns, ref. 650/71, accessed 7 November 2026.
  34. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of births, index entries returned by surname Freeman with mother's maiden name filter Samuels: FREEMAN, Mark Jack, male, 1981, Glasgow, Park Circus, ref. 623/549; FREEMAN, Diane Rebecca, female, 1983, Glasgow, Martha Street, ref. 611/810; FREEMAN, Ben Maxwell, male, 1987, Glasgow, Martha Street, ref. 603/140; accessed 7 November 2026.
  35. ↑ Electoral registers, 2002–2016, Newton Mearns, Glasgow (Ben, Malcolm, Sarah, Diane and Mark Freeman).
  36. ↑ Ashley Rindsberg, Ben Freeman on Seeing Pride as a Creative Act, The Burning Castle, 7 July 2021.
  37. ↑ “A Glasgow crowd raises £81k for UJIA projects”, Jewish Chronicle, 11 March 2011, Community Life p. C11; archive page. Photos: Steven Winston.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Ben M Freeman, On the Day I Make Aliyah, Jerusalem Journal, 7 June 2026.
  39. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of marriages, index entry: TEITELBAUM, Emanuel, and SAKOLSKI, Rebecca, 1897, Kelvin, ref. 644/9/527, accessed 7 November 2026.
  40. ↑ Jewish Echo, 5 December 1947, p. 7; BNA page: “TEITELBAUM—SAKOLSKI.—At Garnethill Synagogue, on 8th December, 1897 … Emanuel Teitelbaum to Rebecca Sakolski.”
  41. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of deaths, index entries: TEITELBAUM, Emanuel, 90, 1958, Pollok, ref. 644/11/291; TEITELBAUM, Rebecca, 78, 1958, Pollok, ref. 644/11/292; accessed 7 November 2026.
  42. ↑ Jewish Echo, 9 August 1940, p. 6.
  43. ↑ Jewish Echo, 10 July 1942, p. 6; BNA page; also 30 July 1943, p. 6, BNA page, and 28 July 1944, p. 6, BNA page.
  44. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of deaths, index entries: SAKOLSKI, Jessie, 59, 1940, Cathcart (Glasgow), ref. 644/19/927; GERBERT, Jessie, 59, 1940, Cathcart (Glasgow), ref. 644/19/927; accessed 7 November 2026.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of marriages, index entry: SAKOLSKI, Jessie, and GERBER, Barnet, 1902, Gorbals, ref. 644/12/180; statutory register of births, index entries, mother's maiden name Sakolski: GERBER, Clara, 1903, ref. 644/12/152; GERBER, Polly, 1905, ref. 644/12/829; GERBER, Samuel Joseph, 1908, ref. 644/17/1391; GERBER, Isidor, 1913, ref. 644/17/1495, all Gorbals; accessed 7 November 2026.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Jewish Echo, 10 April 1931, p. 7; BNA page.
  47. ↑ Jewish Echo, 17 October 1947, p. 7; BNA page.
  48. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of deaths, index entry: GERBER, Barnet, male, 67, 1947, Pollok, ref. 644/18/835, accessed 7 November 2026.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 ScotlandsPeople, statutory marriage register entry, 1932 GERBERT, Samuel Joseph, 644/24/159, Cathcart, County of Lanark, p. 80, entry 159; image viewed 7 November 2026.
  50. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory marriage index, searches across all years for Gerber and Gerbert with spouse or own forenames Nell*, Nech*, Neh*, Helen*, Ellen*, Eleanor* and Lena*, with Nelly and Nella variants, accessed 7 November 2026.
  51. ↑ Jewish Echo, 18 December 1942, p. 6; BNA page.
  52. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of marriages, index entry: GERBERT, Samuel Joseph, and WOLFSON, Eva, 1932, Cathcart (Glasgow), ref. 644/24/159, accessed 7 November 2026.
  53. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of marriages, index entry: GERBER, Samuel, and MORRON, Sarah, 1935, Kelvingrove, ref. 644/9/191, accessed 7 November 2026.
  54. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of marriages, District of Kelvin, Burgh of Glasgow, 1894, ref. 644/9/35 (page 18, entry 35), registered 6 January 1894; image viewed 8 November 2026.
  55. ↑ Nathan Abrams, Caledonian Jews: A Study of Seven Small Communities in Scotland (McFarland, 2009), p. 41.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Abrams, Caledonian Jews, p. 44, citing Jewish Chronicle, 29 January 1904.
  57. ↑ Abrams, Caledonian Jews, p. 48, citing Jewish Chronicle, 22 January 1926.
  58. ↑ Abrams, Caledonian Jews, pp. 56–57, citing Jewish Echo, 15 August 1941, and Jewish Chronicle, 22 August 1941.
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 Jewish Echo, 22 July 1949, p. 7; BNA page.
  60. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of deaths, index entry: FREEMAN, Harris, age 81, 1949, Ayr, ref. 578/1/379; accessed 8 November 2026. Image not viewed.
  61. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of deaths, index searches accessed 8 November 2026: FREEMAN, Rachel, mother's maiden name Livingston or Livingstone, 0 results; FREEMAN, Rachel, age 86, 1960, Ayr, ref. 578/564. Image not viewed.
  62. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of deaths, index searches, 1855–1893, accessed 8 November 2026: LIVINGSTON and LIVINGSTONE, forenames Eli, Elias, Elie and Ely (exact names), 0 results. Image not viewed.
  63. ↑ FreeBMD, England and Wales birth indexes, March 1868–December 1878, accessed 8 November 2026: Rachel Livingston, 0; Rachel Livingstone, 2 (December 1872, Sunderland; June 1876, Stoke upon Trent); Rachael Livingston, 0; Rachael Livingstone, 0. Mother's maiden name not shown.
  64. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of deaths, index entry: FREEMAN, Louis, age 85, mother's maiden name Livingstone, 1988, Eastwood and Mearns, ref. 650/279, accessed 7 and 11 November 2026.
  65. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of births, index entry: FREEMAN, Louis, male, 1903, Ayr, ref. 578/1/289, mother's maiden name not shown, accessed 11 November 2026. Census index entries, Ayr 578/1, 1911 (as Louise, aged 8) and 1921 (aged 18), accessed 7 November 2026.
  66. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of births, index entries, mother's maiden name Livingston or Livingstone: FREEMAN, Aaron, 1897, Ayr, 578/1/753; FREEMAN, Jacob, 1900, Ayr, 578/1/169; FREEMAN, David, 1902, Ayr, 578/1/303; FREEMAN, Israel, 1905, Ayr, 578/1/319; FREEMAN, Hetty, 1908, Ayr, 578/1/103; accessed 7 November 2026.
  67. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of births, index entry: FREEMAN, Jacob, 1900, Ayr, ref. 578/1/169, mother's maiden name Livingstone, accessed 7 November 2026.
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 Jewish Chronicle, 10 January 1975, p. 29, Deaths (continued), notice headed “OSBORNE.—Dr. Samuel (Newcastle)”.
  69. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of marriages, District of Pollok, 1935, ref. 644/18/371 (page 186, entry 371), registered 19 August 1935; image viewed 7 November 2026.
  70. ↑ Jewish Echo, 23 August 1935, p. 7; BNA page.
  71. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, Register of Corrected Entries, District of Pollok, Burgh of Glasgow, vol. 3, p. 165, 1935 marriage entry 371; indexed as 1943 MARKS, FREEDA (Statutory registers Corrected Entries 644/18 003 165); image viewed 7 November 2026.
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 Statutory Registers of Deaths, 1948, Newton Mearns, 571/2/50 and 571/2/51, National Records of Scotland.
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 Jewish Chronicle, 15 April 1949, archive page.
  74. ↑ Jewish Echo, 20 May 1949, p. 7; BNA page.
  75. ↑ Jewish Chronicle, 20 June 1975, p. 24, archive page.
  76. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of marriages, index searches, 1943–1975, surname FREEMAN, forename Jack, John or Jacob, accessed 11 November 2026: no spouse Irene except FREEMAN, John, and COHEN, Irene Ruth, 1962, Newton Mearns, 571/2/177, not identified with this man.
  77. ↑ FreeBMD, England and Wales marriage indexes, 1943–1975, accessed 11 November 2026: 58 entries for Jack Freeman, none on the same page as an Irene.
  78. ↑ Jewish Chronicle archive search, 1943–1960, accessed 11 November 2026: no wedding notice found for a marriage of Jack Freeman and Irene.
  79. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of births, index entry: FREEMAN, Jack, male, 1930, Govan, ref. 644/21/279, accessed 7 November 2026.
  80. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of marriages, District of Milton, Burgh of Glasgow, 1939, ref. 644/10/337 (page 169, entry 337), registered 19 October 1939; image viewed 11 November 2026.
  81. ↑ Jewish Echo, 18 August 1939, p. 6; 27 October 1939, p. 6.
  82. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of births, index entry: ROSENHEIM, Estella, 1915, Hillhead, ref. 644/12/382, mother's maiden name Herbert, accessed 10 November 2026.
  83. ↑ Jewish Echo, 20 September 1940, p. 6; 28 April 1944, p. 6.
  84. ↑ Abrams, Caledonian Jews, p. 50, citing Jewish Chronicle, 12 February 1926.
  85. ↑ Jewish Echo, 23 August 1940, p. 8; 13 September 1940, p. 3; 10 March 1944, p. 8; 9 December 1949, p. 16.
  86. ↑ Ayr Hebrew Congregation, JCR-UK.
  87. ↑ Jewish Chronicle, 11 October 1974.
  88. ↑ Abrams, Caledonian Jews, pp. 63–64, citing Jewish Echo, 26 March 1975, for the letter.
  89. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of deaths, index entry: FREEMAN, Estelle, age 87, mother's maiden name Herbert, 2003, Eastwood and Mearns, ref. 650/182, accessed 10 November 2026.
  90. ↑ Renfrew County Council valuation roll, Eastwood, 1965–66, p. 257.
  91. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory register of deaths, index entry: FREEMAN, Cecil, age 99, mother's maiden name Livingstone, 2004, Eastwood and Mearns, ref. 650/196, accessed 10 November 2026.
  92. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory registers of marriages index, 1911, Blythswood, 644/10/70, National Records of Scotland.
  93. ↑ FreeBMD, England and Wales birth index, September quarter 1917, FREMERMAN, Jack, mother's maiden name Hyman, Shoreditch, vol. 1c, p. 13.
  94. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory registers of births, index entries, mother's maiden name Hyman: FREMERMAN, Mela, 1911, Blythswood, 644/10/629; FREMERMAN, Meyer Wolfe, 1912, Gorbals, 644/17/639; FREMERMAN, Annie, 1914, Gorbals, 644/17/1070; FREMERMAN, Percy, 1925, Calton, 644/3/85, National Records of Scotland.
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 ScotlandsPeople, statutory registers of marriages, index entries: FREMERMAN, Stella, and MORRON, Barnet, 1940, Gorbals, 644/15/653; FREMERMAN, Percy, and ALTMAN, Celia Bertha, 1947, Pollok, 644/18/236, National Records of Scotland.
  96. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory registers of deaths, index entry: FREMERMAN, Meyer Wolfe, age 29, 1941, Townhead, 644/6/1520, National Records of Scotland.
  97. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory registers of deaths, index entry: FREMERMAN, Annie, age 95, mother's maiden name Hyman, 2009, Eastwood and Mearns, 650/829, National Records of Scotland.
  98. ↑ 98.0 98.1 Arnold Markson, “Family reunited after 47 years”, Jewish Chronicle, 8 September 1995, p. 23, archive page.
  99. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory registers of deaths, index entries: FREMERMAN, Stella, age 86, mother's maiden name Hyman, 2006, Glasgow Martha St, 605/650; also indexed as MORRON, Stella, age 86, mother's maiden name Hyman, 2006, 605/650, National Records of Scotland.
  100. ↑ ScotlandsPeople, statutory registers of marriages index, 1941, Pollok, 644/18/532, National Records of Scotland.
  101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 Jewish Chronicle, 19 January 1940, pp. 18–19, archive page.
  102. ↑ Jewish Chronicle, 19 January 1940, pp. 20–21, archive page.
  103. ↑ 103.0 103.1 Jewish Chronicle, 16 August 1946, pp. 12–13, archive page.
  104. ↑ 104.0 104.1 Jewish Chronicle, 30 August 1946, pp. 12–13, archive page.
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