Eliza Manningham-Buller

Eliza Manningham-Buller
© Crown Copyright 2007

Dame Eliza Manningham-Buller was Director General of the Security Service from 2002 to 2007.

Background

Manningham-Buller's father was Sir Reginald Manningham-Buller, later Viscount Dilhorne, who served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor under Harold Macmillan. Her mother was Lady Mary Lilian Lindsay, fourth daughter of the 27th Earl of Crawford, who herself trained carrier-pigeons for use by the resistance in Europe during the Second World War.

Manningham-Buller was educated at Benenden School and Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, where she read English and reportedly rebuffed an initial attempt at recruitment by MI5.

She subsequently spent three years as an English teacher at the private Queen's Gate School in South Kensington, London.

MI5 career

Manningham-Buller was recruited into MI5 at cocktail party in Chelsea in 1974, a time when women were still marginalised in the service and confined to transcribing telephone intercepts.

Soviet section

In the early 1980s, Manningham-Buller worked in counter-espionage, monitoring the Soviet spy network in Britain.

She was a key player in running the Soviet double-agent Oleg Gordievsky:

During the early 1980s, only five people knew that Oleg Gordievsky, the deputy head of the KGB at the Soviet embassy in London, was actually a double agent. One of this exclusive group was MI5's senior officer dealing with Soviet affairs, Eliza Manningham-Buller.

As Gordievsky recently acknowledged, Manningham-Buller's ability to keep a secret saved his life.

Despite the fact that two of her assistants shared an office with Michael Bettany, a traitor working for the KGB, Gordievsky's crucial role was never mentioned.

Middle East section

In 1988, she became head of MI5's Middle East section, in which role she was involved in the Lockerbie investigation.

US liason

Manningham-Buller was next posed to Washington DC as liason officer, exchanging intelligence with the FBI and the CIA. While there she met her husband, university lecturer David Mallock. According to the Independent Mallock was "a lecturer in moral philosophy and an Irish Catholic who once held strong left-wing views. He did not find out until they married what her job was."

IRA in Britain

Between 1992 and 1993 Manningham-Buller headed T2 Section which had taken over responsibility for countering IRA operations in Great Britain from the Metropolitan Police Special Branch.

Operations Director

Manningham-Buller became Operations Director in 1994. In this post, she had responsibility for mail interception, telephone tapping and covert searches.

When Stella Rimington announced her retirement as head of MI5 in 1995, Manningham Buller formed an alliance with Stephen Lander. The pair blocked the succession of Rimington's deputy Julian Hansen by threatening to resign. The Cabinet Office was told only that Hansen had withdrawn his application.

Deputy Director-General

A year after Lander became director-general, Manningham-Buller succeeded Hansen as his deputy.

In the 1999 edition of Defending The Realm, Mark Hollingsworth and Nick Fielding suggested she was not well-liked within MI5:

Nicknamed 'Bullying Manner', the fifty-one-year-old deputy director-general is regarded as a formidable administrator who does not suffer fools gladly. She is unpopular with staff, and lacks Rimington's foresight and insight.

However, a later edition cited supporters who "say she is determined, unpretentious and hates the paper-shuffling management culture of MI5."ref>Mark Hollingsworth and Nick Fielding, Defending the Realm: Inside MI5 and The War On Terrorism, Andre Deutsch, 2003, p.290.</ref>

Director General

Prior to becoming Director General, Manningham-Buller underwent a three hour psychological examination during which she reportedly lost her temper with the examiner.

According to Mark Hollingsworth and Nick Fielding, Manningham-Buller gave a background briefing to a prominent Sunday newspaper, soon after her appointment.

World Trade Center Attacks

Manningham-Buller flew to Washington to liase with US authorities the day after the World Trade Center attacks. She also participated in a subsequent security review which led to a ring of concrete around Parliament.

Iraq War Buildup

Manningham-Buller reportedly had doubts about threat from Iraq at the time of the Government's September 2002 dossier on the Iraqi weapons programme.

Wood Green raid

It was reported in January 2003 that Manningham-Buller had told ministers "that she cannot be sure that she knows the identities of more than 50 per cent of the people in the UK who might carry out a terrorist attack" linked to Al-Qaeda.

July 7 2007 bombings

According to The Guardian Manningham-Buller "told senior MPs there was no imminent terrorist threat to London or the rest of the country less than 24 hours before the July 7 suicide bombings."

Dame Eliza Manningham-Buller gave the assurance at a private meeting of Labour whips at the Commons on the morning of July 6 2005, the Guardian has learned from a number of those present.

The whips are said to have been confident, on leaving the meeting, that they could brief fellow MPs that the security situation was under control, and are said to have been deeply alarmed by the following day's events.