Difference between revisions of "Jonathan Sacerdoti"
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− | <youtube size="medium" align="right" caption="Sacerdoti on Sky News defending Israel's actions the day after its 2010 raid on the Gaza flotilla"> | + | <youtube size="medium" align="right" caption="Sacerdoti on Sky News defending Israel's actions the day after its 2010 raid on the Gaza flotilla">2zrJvumvsFQ</youtube> |
− | Jonathan Sacerdoti is a Director of the [[Institute for Middle Eastern Democracy]]<ref>[http://instmed.org/about_us/ About Us], IMED, accessed 16 July 2012</ref> based in the UK and is also registered as a director of a UK branch of the [[Simon Wiesenthal Centre]], alongside [[Marvin Hier]] - founder and dean of the orginal centre, based in the USA - and others.<ref>[http://companycheck.co.uk/company/03042000 SIMON WIESENTHAL CENTRE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM], Company Check, accessed 19 July 2012</ref> | + | '''Jonathan Sacerdoti''' is a Director of the [[Institute for Middle Eastern Democracy]]<ref>[http://instmed.org/about_us/ About Us], IMED, accessed 16 July 2012</ref> based in the UK and is also registered as a director of a UK branch of the [[Simon Wiesenthal Centre]], alongside [[Marvin Hier]] - founder and dean of the orginal centre, based in the USA - and others.<ref>[http://companycheck.co.uk/company/03042000 SIMON WIESENTHAL CENTRE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM], Company Check, accessed 19 July 2012</ref> He has also worked as Director of Public Affairs at the [[Zionist Federation]]<ref>[http://zionistfederation.blogspot.co.uk/2010/09/zionist-federation-condemns-tuc.html ZIONIST FEDERATION CONDEMNS TUC CONGRESS APPROVAL OF DISCRIMINATORY BOYCOTT OF ISRAELI GOODS], Zionist Federation News, accessed 19 July 2012</ref> and is currently a member of the International Division of the [[Board of Deputies of British Jews]]. Since August 2014, Sacerdoti has been the spokesperson for the [[Campaign Against Antisemitism UK]].<ref name="Who">'[http://www.campaignagainstantisemitism.com/who-we-are/ Who we are]', <i>CampaignAgainstAntisemitism.com</i>; accessed: 16 September, 2014.</ref> |
− | He | + | ==Education== |
+ | Sacerdoti studied English Language and Literature at Balliol College, Oxford University.<ref>[http://www.yatedo.com/p/Jonathan+Sacerdoti/normal/6984f42b8627a6e75f3e5055f70cc015 Jonathan Sacerdoti], Yatedo, accessed 16 November 2012</ref> | ||
+ | [[File:Jonathan Sacerdoti - United Kingdom - LinkedIn.png|thumb|right|300px|[[Jonathan Sacerdoti]], LinkedIn profile which fails to mention his roles at the [[Zionist Federation]] and the [[Board of Deputies of British Jews]]. It was removed just hours after [http://www.newleftproject.org/index.php/site/article_comments/who_is_jonathan_sacerdoti_the_bbcs_go_to_man_on_gaza an article] mentioning these oversights was published. Screengrab taken 16 November 2012]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Activities== | ||
+ | In 4 May 2010 Sacerdoti reportedly spoke publicly about ‘ways to use Facebook, Twitter and other online resources to advocate for Israel’ at a Zionist Federation Israel advocacy event called 'Talk for Israel'.<ref>[http://powerbase.info/index.php/File:How_to_advocate_for_israel.jpg How to advocate for Israel], Screengrab made 15 November 2012</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | On 1 June 2010, the day after nine activists on the Mavi Marmara were killed by the Israeli military, Sacerdoti appeared on Sky News and Al Jazeera defending Israel's actions.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RT8ZtjNheMk&list=UUV1sX9BjwRt0ZduDc1Umm2A&index=24&feature=plcp Jonathan Sacerdoti on Al Jazeera discussing the Gaza flotilla incident] Youtube via MrJonSac, 1 June 2010, accessed 16 November 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysbCX9NLeS8&list=UUV1sX9BjwRt0ZduDc1Umm2A&index=20&feature=plcp Jonathan Sacerdoti, live interview on Sky News regarding the flotilla incident], Youtube via MrJonSac, 1 June 2010, accessed 16 November 2012</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | On 6 July 2010 Sacerdoti met Israeli President [[Shimon Peres]]. He uploaded a picture of himself shaking hands with Peres, with the caption 'Jonathan Sacerdoti, of Her Majesty’s Secret Service’.<ref>[http://powerbase.info/index.php/File:Meeting_shimon_peres_flickr.jpg Sacerdoti meeting Peres], Flickr Screengrab made 15 November 2012</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | On 30 November 2012 Sacerdoti collaborated with [[Gili Brenner]] of [[StandWithUs]] to make a video for what they called 'Buy Israeli Goods Day', intended to counter the boycott divestment and sanctions campaign against Israel.<ref>[http://powerbase.info/index.php/File:Buy_israeli_goods_w_gili_brenner_swu.jpg Sacerdoti and Brenner video], Screengrab made 15 November 2012</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | On 24 February 2011 he met [[Ron Prosor]], former Israeli ambassador to the UK. A picture of him with Prosor, [[Gili Brenner]] of [[StandWithUs]] and pro-Israel blogger [[Chas Newkey-Burden]] was posted on the latter's website.<ref>[http://powerbase.info/index.php/File:Sacerdoti_prosor.jpg Sacerdoi with Prosor], Screengrab made 15 November 2012</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | On 28 August 2011 Sacerdoti attended and spoke at a pro-Israel rally in Trafalgar Square organised by the [[British Israel Coalition]] and supported by [[StandWithUs]].<ref>[http://powerbase.info/index.php/File:Rally_for_israel.jpg Sacerdoti at pro-Israel rally], Screengrab made 15 November 2012</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | In July 2012, Sacerdoti was elected to the [[Board of Deputies of British Jews]] International Division.<ref>[http://www.bod.org.uk/live/content.php?Item_ID=130&Blog_ID=425 Results of Board Divisional Elections], Board of Deputies of British Jews, accessed 31 July 2012</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Defending Israel in the media== | ||
+ | ===Appearances on the BBC during Operation 'Pillar of Cloud'=== | ||
+ | [[File:Aje w zf caption.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Jonathan Sacerdoti on Al Jazeera on 1 June 2010 defending Israel's attack on the flotilla for the [[Zionist Federation]]. He was opposed by another guest, Palestinian Ghada Karmi. Screengrab taken 15 November 2012]] | ||
+ | [[File:Jonathan Sacerdoti on discussing killing of Ahmed Jabri.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Jonathan Sacerdoti]] on BBC News on 14 November 2012 where as director of the [[Institute for Middle Eastern Democracy]] he was given an unchallenged platform to defend Israel's 'Operation Pillar of Cloud'. Screengrab taken 15 November 2012]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sacerdoti appeared on BBC news programmes four times in two days between 14-15 November 2012 and was described as being from the [[Institute for Middle Eastern Democracy]] giving the impression that he was a neutral expert on the region. Each time he defended Israel's attacks on Gaza and each time no alternative perspective was given by the BBC.<ref>[http://www.newleftproject.org/index.php/site/article_comments/who_is_jonathan_sacerdoti_the_bbcs_go_to_man_on_gaza/ Who is Jonathan Sacerdoti, the BBC’s Go-To Man on Gaza?], New Left Project, 16 November 2012, accessed 17 November 2012</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | He subsequently tried to remove evidence of his pro-Israel advocacy from the internet<ref>[http://www.newleftproject.org/index.php/site/article_comments/former_zionist_federation_official_on_the_run Former Zionist Federation Official on the Run], New Left Project, 17 November 2012</ref>. The BBC eventually ruled that it had breached its own impartiality rules by presenting Sacerdoti as neutral<ref>[http://electronicintifada.net/blogs/hilary-aked/bbc-finally-admits-bias-over-pro-israel-commentator BBC finally admits bias over pro-Israel commentator], Electronic Intifada, 14 January 2015.</ref>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Campaign Against Antisemitism== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The [[Campaign Against Antisemitism]] was established in early August 2014 'by half-a-dozen activists and funded by private donations', presenting itself as a response to the higher levels of anti-Israel and allegedly anti-Jewish sentiment triggered by Israel's 'Operation Protective Edge' operation in Gaza.<ref name="Peled">Daniella Peled, '[http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/.premium-1.615871 Shaken by post-Gaza war hostility, U.K. Jews push back]', <i>Ha'aretz</i> (15 September, 2014).</ref> Jonathan Sacerdoti is its spokesperson<ref name="Who" /> and 'Director of Communications'.<ref>CAA, <i>[http://antisemitism.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Annual-Antisemitism-Barometer-Report.pdf Annual Antisemitism Barometer: 2015 Full Report]</i>.</ref> On 31 August 2014 the group reportedly organised a march against antisemitism of 4,000 people in Central London, backed by the [[United Synagogue]] and the [[Office of the Chief Rabbi]]. Said Jonathan Sacerdoti of this backing: 'The establishment was very supportive; some might say they didn’t want to get left behind'.<ref name="Peled" /> On the day of the protest, he told a reporter, | ||
+ | |||
+ | <blockquote>It is great that the communal organisations who have been criticised for not doing enough have come on board and have supported us in organising an important day.<ref>Rosa Doherty, '[http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/122055/thousands-turn-out-london-rally-against-antisemitism Thousands turn out for London rally against antisemitism]', <i>Jewish Chronicle</i> (31 August, 2014).</ref></blockquote> | ||
+ | |||
+ | As Sacerdoti's comment suggests, and as <i>Ha'aretz</i> reports, the Campaign Against Antisemitism is an intervention in Anglo-Jewish politics.<ref name="Peled" /> Its context appears to be one of increasing grassroots discontent among Jewish and pro-Israel activists with the performance of communal bodies on Israel and antisemitism. As one newspaper reported: | ||
+ | |||
+ | <blockquote>At the rally, there was audible booing when the representatives of the [[Board of Deputies]] – President [[Vivian Wineman]] and Senior Vice President [[Laura Marks]] – ascended the podium to speak. The [[Jewish Chronicle]]’s [[Marcus Dysch]] tweeted that people were shouting things like 'you need to do more', 'resign', and 'shame'.<ref>Liam Hoare, '[http://www.timesofisrael.com/thousands-rally-in-london-against-rising-anti-semitism/ Thousands rally in London against rising anti-Semitism]', <i>Times of Israel</i> (1 September, 2014).</ref></blockquote> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sacerdoti was widely quoted in the media speaking about the 31 August rally. He urged a 'zero tolerance' approach to 'turn the tide' of antisemitism, and claimed British Jews 'feel overlooked and not protected enough'.<ref>Anil Dawar, '[http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/504090/Rallying-call-to-halt-anti-Semitic-attacks Police must do more to tackle the rise of anti-Semitism, campaigners say]', <i>Daily Express</i> (28 August, 2014).</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Sacerdoti made several media appearances in the wake of the 9 January, 2015 killing by a lone gunman of four Jews in Paris kosher supermarket. BBC News introduced him as 'from the Campaign Against Antisemitism'; he presented the Paris killings in the context of a rising threat to freedom posed by 'extremist Islam' and urged a 'zero tolerance policy' to antisemitism.<ref>CAA, '[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVqp4XxQu_4 CAA on BBC News: Terror attack on Jewish shop in Paris and antisemitism in UK]', <i>YouTube</i> (uploaded 9 January, 2015), accessed: 14 January 2015, at 10.26am.</ref> To Sky News, which introduced him as 'Director of Communications at the Campaign Against Antisemitism', he opined, 'Jews in Europe don't feel safe', and urged 'leaders of the free world' to more assertively confront the threat posed by 'extremist Islam'.<ref>CAA, '[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTQTIcjg-qE CAA on Sky News: Terror attack on Jewish shop in Paris and antisemitism in UK]', <i>YouTube</i> (uploaded on 11 January, 2015), accessed: 14 January 2015, at 10.31am.</ref> To BBC Radio 5 Live, which introduced Sacerdoti as being 'from the Campaign Against Antisemitism',<ref>CAA, '[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gK9cYwu4Yuw Jonathan Sacerdoti on BBC Radio 5 Live, discussing the Paris terror attacks and antisemitism]', <i>YouTube</i> (uploaded on ); accessed: 14 January 2015, at 10.35am</ref> he suggested that 'extremist Islam... stands against everything we in the West believe in', the latter of which, he added, is 'completely non-negotiable'. In no case was Sacerdoti's background as a pro-Israel lobbyist mentioned; yet, it might thought relevant given that in the wake of the French killings, the CAA met with Home Secretary Theresa May to advocate, among other things, 'Formally adopting a definition of antisemitism which includes antisemitism disguised as anti-Israel political discourse'.<ref>CAA, '[https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/posts/1539862692959334 CAMPAIGN AGAINST ANTISEMITISM MEETS WITH HOME SECRETARY, POLICE AND CPS CHIEFS TO ADDRESS ANTISEMITISM]', <i>Facebook</i> (10 January, 2015); accessed: 14 January 2015, 11.12am.</ref> Sacerdoti mentioned this meeting in both his BBC News and Sky News interviews. | ||
==Affiliations== | ==Affiliations== | ||
+ | *[[Board of Deputies of British Jews]] | ||
*[[Institute for Middle Eastern Democracy]] | *[[Institute for Middle Eastern Democracy]] | ||
− | *[[Simon Wiesenthal | + | *[[Simon Wiesenthal Centre]] |
*[[Zionist Federation]] | *[[Zionist Federation]] | ||
+ | * [[Campaign Against Antisemitism]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Resources== | ||
+ | *[http://www.newleftproject.org/index.php/site/article_comments/who_is_jonathan_sacerdoti_the_bbcs_go_to_man_on_gaza Who is Jonathan Sacerdoti, the BBC’s Go-To Man on Gaza?], New Left Project, 16 November 2012 | ||
+ | *[http://www.newleftproject.org/index.php/site/article_comments/former_zionist_federation_official_on_the_run Former Zionist Federation Official on the Run], New Left Project, 17 November 2012. | ||
+ | *Ben White, [http://electronicintifada.net/blogs/ben-white/numbers-speak-themselves The Numbers Speak for Themselves], Electronic Intifada, 1 January 2012 | ||
+ | *[http://electronicintifada.net/blogs/hilary-aked/bbc-finally-admits-bias-over-pro-israel-commentator BBC finally admits bias over pro-Israel commentator], Electronic Intifada, 14 January 2015. | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[category:Israel Lobby]] | [[category:Israel Lobby]] |
Latest revision as of 11:52, 14 January 2015
<youtube size="medium" align="right" caption="Sacerdoti on Sky News defending Israel's actions the day after its 2010 raid on the Gaza flotilla">2zrJvumvsFQ</youtube>
Jonathan Sacerdoti is a Director of the Institute for Middle Eastern Democracy[1] based in the UK and is also registered as a director of a UK branch of the Simon Wiesenthal Centre, alongside Marvin Hier - founder and dean of the orginal centre, based in the USA - and others.[2] He has also worked as Director of Public Affairs at the Zionist Federation[3] and is currently a member of the International Division of the Board of Deputies of British Jews. Since August 2014, Sacerdoti has been the spokesperson for the Campaign Against Antisemitism UK.[4]
Contents
Education
Sacerdoti studied English Language and Literature at Balliol College, Oxford University.[5]
Activities
In 4 May 2010 Sacerdoti reportedly spoke publicly about ‘ways to use Facebook, Twitter and other online resources to advocate for Israel’ at a Zionist Federation Israel advocacy event called 'Talk for Israel'.[6]
On 1 June 2010, the day after nine activists on the Mavi Marmara were killed by the Israeli military, Sacerdoti appeared on Sky News and Al Jazeera defending Israel's actions.[7][8]
On 6 July 2010 Sacerdoti met Israeli President Shimon Peres. He uploaded a picture of himself shaking hands with Peres, with the caption 'Jonathan Sacerdoti, of Her Majesty’s Secret Service’.[9]
On 30 November 2012 Sacerdoti collaborated with Gili Brenner of StandWithUs to make a video for what they called 'Buy Israeli Goods Day', intended to counter the boycott divestment and sanctions campaign against Israel.[10]
On 24 February 2011 he met Ron Prosor, former Israeli ambassador to the UK. A picture of him with Prosor, Gili Brenner of StandWithUs and pro-Israel blogger Chas Newkey-Burden was posted on the latter's website.[11]
On 28 August 2011 Sacerdoti attended and spoke at a pro-Israel rally in Trafalgar Square organised by the British Israel Coalition and supported by StandWithUs.[12]
In July 2012, Sacerdoti was elected to the Board of Deputies of British Jews International Division.[13]
Defending Israel in the media
Appearances on the BBC during Operation 'Pillar of Cloud'
Sacerdoti appeared on BBC news programmes four times in two days between 14-15 November 2012 and was described as being from the Institute for Middle Eastern Democracy giving the impression that he was a neutral expert on the region. Each time he defended Israel's attacks on Gaza and each time no alternative perspective was given by the BBC.[14]
He subsequently tried to remove evidence of his pro-Israel advocacy from the internet[15]. The BBC eventually ruled that it had breached its own impartiality rules by presenting Sacerdoti as neutral[16].
Campaign Against Antisemitism
The Campaign Against Antisemitism was established in early August 2014 'by half-a-dozen activists and funded by private donations', presenting itself as a response to the higher levels of anti-Israel and allegedly anti-Jewish sentiment triggered by Israel's 'Operation Protective Edge' operation in Gaza.[17] Jonathan Sacerdoti is its spokesperson[4] and 'Director of Communications'.[18] On 31 August 2014 the group reportedly organised a march against antisemitism of 4,000 people in Central London, backed by the United Synagogue and the Office of the Chief Rabbi. Said Jonathan Sacerdoti of this backing: 'The establishment was very supportive; some might say they didn’t want to get left behind'.[17] On the day of the protest, he told a reporter,
It is great that the communal organisations who have been criticised for not doing enough have come on board and have supported us in organising an important day.[19]
As Sacerdoti's comment suggests, and as Ha'aretz reports, the Campaign Against Antisemitism is an intervention in Anglo-Jewish politics.[17] Its context appears to be one of increasing grassroots discontent among Jewish and pro-Israel activists with the performance of communal bodies on Israel and antisemitism. As one newspaper reported:
At the rally, there was audible booing when the representatives of the Board of Deputies – President Vivian Wineman and Senior Vice President Laura Marks – ascended the podium to speak. The Jewish Chronicle’s Marcus Dysch tweeted that people were shouting things like 'you need to do more', 'resign', and 'shame'.[20]
Sacerdoti was widely quoted in the media speaking about the 31 August rally. He urged a 'zero tolerance' approach to 'turn the tide' of antisemitism, and claimed British Jews 'feel overlooked and not protected enough'.[21]
Sacerdoti made several media appearances in the wake of the 9 January, 2015 killing by a lone gunman of four Jews in Paris kosher supermarket. BBC News introduced him as 'from the Campaign Against Antisemitism'; he presented the Paris killings in the context of a rising threat to freedom posed by 'extremist Islam' and urged a 'zero tolerance policy' to antisemitism.[22] To Sky News, which introduced him as 'Director of Communications at the Campaign Against Antisemitism', he opined, 'Jews in Europe don't feel safe', and urged 'leaders of the free world' to more assertively confront the threat posed by 'extremist Islam'.[23] To BBC Radio 5 Live, which introduced Sacerdoti as being 'from the Campaign Against Antisemitism',[24] he suggested that 'extremist Islam... stands against everything we in the West believe in', the latter of which, he added, is 'completely non-negotiable'. In no case was Sacerdoti's background as a pro-Israel lobbyist mentioned; yet, it might thought relevant given that in the wake of the French killings, the CAA met with Home Secretary Theresa May to advocate, among other things, 'Formally adopting a definition of antisemitism which includes antisemitism disguised as anti-Israel political discourse'.[25] Sacerdoti mentioned this meeting in both his BBC News and Sky News interviews.
Affiliations
- Board of Deputies of British Jews
- Institute for Middle Eastern Democracy
- Simon Wiesenthal Centre
- Zionist Federation
- Campaign Against Antisemitism
Resources
- Who is Jonathan Sacerdoti, the BBC’s Go-To Man on Gaza?, New Left Project, 16 November 2012
- Former Zionist Federation Official on the Run, New Left Project, 17 November 2012.
- Ben White, The Numbers Speak for Themselves, Electronic Intifada, 1 January 2012
- BBC finally admits bias over pro-Israel commentator, Electronic Intifada, 14 January 2015.
Notes
- ↑ About Us, IMED, accessed 16 July 2012
- ↑ SIMON WIESENTHAL CENTRE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, Company Check, accessed 19 July 2012
- ↑ ZIONIST FEDERATION CONDEMNS TUC CONGRESS APPROVAL OF DISCRIMINATORY BOYCOTT OF ISRAELI GOODS, Zionist Federation News, accessed 19 July 2012
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 'Who we are', CampaignAgainstAntisemitism.com; accessed: 16 September, 2014.
- ↑ Jonathan Sacerdoti, Yatedo, accessed 16 November 2012
- ↑ How to advocate for Israel, Screengrab made 15 November 2012
- ↑ Jonathan Sacerdoti on Al Jazeera discussing the Gaza flotilla incident Youtube via MrJonSac, 1 June 2010, accessed 16 November 2012
- ↑ Jonathan Sacerdoti, live interview on Sky News regarding the flotilla incident, Youtube via MrJonSac, 1 June 2010, accessed 16 November 2012
- ↑ Sacerdoti meeting Peres, Flickr Screengrab made 15 November 2012
- ↑ Sacerdoti and Brenner video, Screengrab made 15 November 2012
- ↑ Sacerdoi with Prosor, Screengrab made 15 November 2012
- ↑ Sacerdoti at pro-Israel rally, Screengrab made 15 November 2012
- ↑ Results of Board Divisional Elections, Board of Deputies of British Jews, accessed 31 July 2012
- ↑ Who is Jonathan Sacerdoti, the BBC’s Go-To Man on Gaza?, New Left Project, 16 November 2012, accessed 17 November 2012
- ↑ Former Zionist Federation Official on the Run, New Left Project, 17 November 2012
- ↑ BBC finally admits bias over pro-Israel commentator, Electronic Intifada, 14 January 2015.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Daniella Peled, 'Shaken by post-Gaza war hostility, U.K. Jews push back', Ha'aretz (15 September, 2014).
- ↑ CAA, Annual Antisemitism Barometer: 2015 Full Report.
- ↑ Rosa Doherty, 'Thousands turn out for London rally against antisemitism', Jewish Chronicle (31 August, 2014).
- ↑ Liam Hoare, 'Thousands rally in London against rising anti-Semitism', Times of Israel (1 September, 2014).
- ↑ Anil Dawar, 'Police must do more to tackle the rise of anti-Semitism, campaigners say', Daily Express (28 August, 2014).
- ↑ CAA, 'CAA on BBC News: Terror attack on Jewish shop in Paris and antisemitism in UK', YouTube (uploaded 9 January, 2015), accessed: 14 January 2015, at 10.26am.
- ↑ CAA, 'CAA on Sky News: Terror attack on Jewish shop in Paris and antisemitism in UK', YouTube (uploaded on 11 January, 2015), accessed: 14 January 2015, at 10.31am.
- ↑ CAA, 'Jonathan Sacerdoti on BBC Radio 5 Live, discussing the Paris terror attacks and antisemitism', YouTube (uploaded on ); accessed: 14 January 2015, at 10.35am
- ↑ CAA, 'CAMPAIGN AGAINST ANTISEMITISM MEETS WITH HOME SECRETARY, POLICE AND CPS CHIEFS TO ADDRESS ANTISEMITISM', Facebook (10 January, 2015); accessed: 14 January 2015, 11.12am.