Difference between revisions of "N officers 1"

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{{Undercover_Police_Officer_sidebar|Name=Unknown|Alias=Christine Green|Series=undercover police officers|Image=Female_silhouette.png|Unit=Special Demonstration Squad|DatesDeployed=1994-1999|Targets=Animal Liberation Front, London Animal Action, hunt saboteurs}}
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{{UCPI_sidebar|Name=N Officers list|Description=A list of N & HN cyphers used to designate individual officers in the Inquiry and by Operation Herne (Part 1)}}
  
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'''Christine Green''' is the cover name of an undercover police officer who served with the Metropolitan Police's [[Special Demonstration Squad]]. She infiltrated animal rights in south and west London from early 1995 to late 1999 / early 2000,<ref name="arspyc.whowere">[https://network23.org/arspycatcher/who-were-the-spies/ Who Were The Spies?], ''ARSpyCatcher (blog)'', 2017 (accessed 12 January 2018).</ref> where she had succeeded the previous undercover officer, ''[[Andy Coles|Andy "Van" Davey]]''. Christine was active in hunt sabbing, London Animal Action and national grassroots campaigns. She was arrested on least one occasion though charges were dropped. Her cover name was constructed rather than stolen from that of a dead child, being the first example of this being done by SDS undercovers.<ref name="herne.1">See: Mick Creedon, Operation Herne Report 1: Covert Identities, ''Metropolitan Police Service'', July 2013, where she is cited as N26 - see para. 5.4.</ref> She left the police after her deployment and started a long term relationship with an animal rights campaigner who had been active in one of the groups she had targeted, a relationship which appears to have continued to the present day (February 2018).
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Police officers cited in the [[Undercover Policing Inquiry]] (UCPI) are generally designated by a cypher / nominal starting with N or HN followed by a number. The practice of assigning these cyphers was begun in by the Metropolitan Police inquiry [[Operation Herne]] which investigated the activities of the [[Special Demonstration Squad]] undercovers. It was subsequently adopted by [[Mark Ellison]] for his [[Ellison Review|Review]] and the UCPI, both of which draw heavily on Operation Herne. The system appears to have changed in 2017, when the Inquiry began using the 'HN' label, though the associated numbers appear unchanged.<ref name="ucpi.pr.3Aug17">[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/20170803-press-notice-SDS-Minded-to.pdf Press Release: 'Minded to' note, ruling and directions in respect of anonymity applications relating to former officers of the Special Demonstration Squad], Undercover Policing Inquiry (UCPI.org.uk), 3 August 2017.</ref>  
  
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In October 2013, suspicions that Christine Green was an undercover were publicly circulated,<ref name="bookfair2013"/> only to be confirmed in late 2017, and publicly released by ''The Guardian''and the Undercover Research Group in February 2018:
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Due to the number of offices and associated details, the list has been split into several pages. This is page 1, covering N officers with cypher number up to 99.
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* For an introduction to the cypher system, see [[N_officers| N Officers (main page)]].
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* For N officers with numbers 100 - 299, see [[N_officers_2|N officers part 2]].
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* For N officers with numbers 300 to 399, see [[N_officers_3|N officers part 3]].
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* For N officers with numbers 400 and higher, see [[N_officers_4|N officers part 4]].
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* For a complete list SDS undercover officers see [[SDS undercover list]].
  
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Two days later, the Undercover Policing Inquiry confirmed Christine had been a SDS undercover police officer, noting she was the person they had been referred to by the cipher '[[N_officers_1|HN26]]', while the Metropolitan Police made an unusual and rare public apology to Hampshire Police over a 1998 raid by the Animal Liberation Front on a mink farm. In the apology it admitted Christine Green had been a police officer and despite the large investigation, Metropolitan Police Special Branch had withheld the crucial information. This in turn, caused Christine Green to come forward to ''The Guardian'' to make her own statement, highly critical of the Metropolitan Police's apology in the way it named her, among other things.
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* ''Updated 3 August 2018''; further details of restriction order applications, etc. can be found under individual officer pages where linked.
  
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''Note from Undercover Research Group: this article is a work in progress. If any reader recalls 'Christine Green' [mailto:contact@undercoverresearch.net ''please get in touch'']. These events took place two decades ago, so all information is welcome even if to just corroborate what we know.''
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<hr>
  
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* ''See also [[Christine Green: policing and the UCPI]]''.
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{| class="wikitable" style="vertical-align:top;"
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! Cypher
 +
! Name (italics for cover name only)
 +
! Position
 +
! Notes
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| HN1
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| ''[[Matt Rayner (alias)|Matt Rayner]]''
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| SDS undercover
 +
| Infiltrated animal rights groups in north London 1991-1996, including London Boots Action Group, London Animal Action, Animal Liberation Front and West London Hunt Saboteurs. Engaged in sexual relationships. Real name restricted.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN2]]
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| [[Andy Coles]] a.k.a. ''Andy Davey''
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| SDS undercover & cover officer
 +
| Infiltrated animal rights groups in south London 1991-1995; also targeted peace groups. Engaged in sexual relationships. Authored a version of the SDS Tradecraft manual.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN3
 +
| ''[[Jason Bishop (alias)|Jason Bishop]]''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| 1998-2006 infiltrated Reclaim the Streets, Earth First! and Disarm DSEi. Real name restricted.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN4]]
 +
| ''likely to be restricted''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| Deployed into two branches of one group in late 1980s/early 1990s. June 2018 - minded to restrict real name, cover name application to be considered at closed hearing.<ref name="ucpi.pr.21June2018">[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/20180621-PN-SDS-minded-to-11.pdf Press notice - 'Minded to' decisions relating to anonymity applications: Special Demonstration Squad], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 21 June 2018.</ref>
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| N5 / HN5
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| [[John Dines]] a.k.a. ''John Barker''
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| SDS undercover
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| 1987-1991 infiltrated London Greenpeace and Animal Liberation Front. Engaged in sexual relationships.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN6]]
 +
| ''restricted''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| Deployed against three groups in 1990s.  Details restricted due to risk of violence and mental health issues.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN7]]
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| ''restricted''
 +
| SDS undercover officer.
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| Real and cover name restricted on health grounds. Targets & dates unknown.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN8]]
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| ''restricted''
 +
| SDS undercover.
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| Deployed into one group in late 1980s / early 1990s. Mitting has ruled real and cover names shall be restricted on grounds of a physical risk.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| [[HN9|N9 / HN9]]
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| ''restricted''
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| SDS undercover & cover officer.
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| Deployed into one group in 1980s; later was a cover officer for officers of interest deployed in 2000s. Named in Ellison Review. Mitting has ruled real and cover names shall be restricted as HN9 at risk of suicide if details published.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| N10 / HN10
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| [[Bob Lambert|Robert "Bob" Lambert]] a.k.a. ''Bob Robinson''
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| SDS undercover and head of unit.
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| Targeted animal rights groups in north London 1984-1989. Engaged in sexual relationships, including fathering a child by one activist. Later head of the SDS and took part in the Walton-N81 meeting.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| HN11
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| [[Mike Chitty]], a.k.a. ''Mike Blake''
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| SDS Undercover
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| 1984-1987 deployed into animal rights groups in south London, including South London Animal Movement. Engaged in sexual relationships.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| [[HN12]]
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| ''Mike Hartley''
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| SDS Undercover
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| 1982-1985, deployed into Revolutionary Communist Group and Socialist Workers Party. Engaged in sexual relationships. Deceased. Real name restricted.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| [[HN13]]
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| ''Barry / Desmond Loader''
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| SDS undercover
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| Infiltrated the Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist) 1974/5-1978. Twice prosecuted for public order offences in his cover name and convicted once. Deceased. Real name restricted.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| N14 / HN14
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| [[Jim Boyling]] a.k.a. ''"Grumpy" Jim Sutton''
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| SDS Undercover.
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| 1995-2000 deployed into Essex Hunt Saboteurs, Reclaim the Streets and Earth First! Engaged in sexual relationships and fathered children by an activist.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| [[HN15]]
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| [[Mark Jenner]] a.k.a. ''Mark Cassidy''
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| SDS undercover
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| 1995-2000 targeted Colin Roach Centre, Anti-Fascist Action, Independent Working Class Association, Republican Forum. Mentioned by Lambert as an SDS UCO who 'would have involvement in Stephen Lawrence campaign issues' (Ellison page 214). Engaged in sexual relationships.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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|  [[HN16]]
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| ''cover name to come''
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| SDS undercover
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|
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| [[HN17]]
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| ''restricted''
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| SDS undercover
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| Targeted right wing groups in 1990s (last 15 years of SDS existance).
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| [[HN18]]
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| ''to come''
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| SDS undercover
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| Deployed in 'last period of existence' of SDS.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| HN19
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| ''[[Malcolm Shearing (alias)|Malcolm Shearing]]''
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| SDS undercover
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| 1981 to 1985 deployed into Revolutionary Communist Party &amp; Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist/Leninist). Arrested and cautioned for bill posting. Real name restricted.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| HN20
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| ''[[Tony Williams (alias)|Tony Williams]]''
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| SDS undercover
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| 1978 to 1982 deployed into the Revolutionary Communist Tendency and Direct Action Movement. Real name restricted.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| [[HN21]]
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| ''restricted''
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| SDS undercover
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| Deployed late 1970s / early 1980s against one group & reported on others.  Ruling real and cover name restricted on mental health grounds.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| HN22
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| ''unknown''
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| SDS management / back office
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| 20 Feb 2018: directed that restriction orders applications to be submitted by end of Feb 2018.<ref name="ucpi.dir.20Feb18">[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/20180220-Headed-direction-for-February-SDS-tranche-applications..pdf Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad - Directions], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 20 February 2018 (accessed 1 March 2018).</ref> No application made.<ref name="ucpi.mitting.HNRuling6.22Mar2018"/> No application made so real name will be published.<ref name="ucpi.explan.note.30July2018">Kate Wilkinson, [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/20180730_SDS_anonymity_updated_explanatory_note.pdf Counsel to the Inquiry's Explanatory Note to accompany the Chairman's 'Minded To' Note 12 in respect of applications for restrictions over the real and cover name of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad - Update as at 30 July 2018], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 30 July 2018.</ref>
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| [[HN23]]
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| ''restricted''
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| SDS undercover
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| Deployed in 1990s. Real and cover name to be restricted.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| [[HN24]]
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| ''to come''
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| SDS management
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| Prior to joining the [SDS] in 2001, HN24 handled and distributed intelligence gathered by deployed undercover officers at the time of the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry. Also served as a cover officer for undercovers, including [[Carlo Neri (alias)|Carlo Neri]].  Real name to be published.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| [[HN25]]
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| ''Kevin Douglas'
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| SDS undercover
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| 1987-1991 deployed into the Troops Out Movement
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| HN26
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| ''[[Christine Green (alias)|Christine Green]]''
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| SDS undercover
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| Deployed 1994-1999 into animal rights groups including Animal Liberation Front, London Animal Action and West London Hunt Saboteurs.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| [[HN27]]
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| ''restricted''
 +
| SDS undercover
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| Deployed into a number of left wing groups in the 1990s. In 60s. Ruling made that real and cover names will be restricted on grounds the officer is 'at risk to life and limb' given the nature of deployment and activities undertaken. Mentioned in Ellison.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| HN28
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| ''restricted''
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| SDS undercover
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| Deployed against two groups and reported on others in last 15 years of SDS. Minded to: restrict real and cover names as at risk of serious violence if identity discovered.<ref name="ucpi.pr.23May2018">[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/201805223-PN_SDS_MT_9.pdf 'Minded to' decisions relating to anonymity applications: Special Demonstration Squad Ruling on HN122], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 23 May 2018.</ref><ref name="mitting.mindedto9.23May2018">[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-conatent/uploads/2018/05/20180523-Minded_to_note_9_and_ruling_8.pdf Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad 'Minded to' note 9 and Ruling 8], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 23 May 2018.</ref> Had been directed to file anonymity application by 24/27 April 2018.<ref name="ucpi.dir.19Apr2018">Sir John Mitting, [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/20180419_direction_SDS_anonymity_applications.pdf Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad: Directions], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 19 April 2018.</ref> [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/20180426_HN28_application.pdf Open application over real and cover names (26 Apr 2018)]
  
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==Cover identity==
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9 July 2018: directed that any objections to Mitting's intention to restrict the real name to be made by 20 July 2018.<ref name="mitting.directions.9July2018">Sir John Mitting, [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/20180709-SDS_NPOIU_direction-for-NSCPs-to-respond-to-open-evidence-and-apps.pdf Applications for restriction orders in respect of real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad and of the National Public Order Intelligence Unit - Directions], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 9 July 2018.</ref>
  
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Christine Green is a false name, constructed by an officer otherwise given the cipher N26 / HN26 for the purposes of [[Operation Herne]] and the [[Undercover Policing Inquiry]] (see the [[N officers]] page for full explanation of this cipher system).<ref>The identification of Christine Green as HN26 was first postulated by Paul Gravett at [https://network23.org/arspycatcher/2017/12/17/mitting-to-reveal-cover-names-of-one-or-possibly-two-animal-rights-spycops/ Mitting to reveal cover names of one or possibly two animal rights spycops], ''ARSpyCatcher (blog)'', 17 December 2017 (accessed 23 Jan 2018), and subsequently confirmed on 20 February by the Undercover Policing Inquiry.</ref>
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30 July 2018: final ruling that real and cover name cannot be published.<ref name="mitting.ruling11.30July2018">Sir John Mitting, [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/20180730_SDS_anonymity_ruling_11.pdf Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad: Minded to note 12 and Ruling 10], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 30 July 2018.</ref>
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| HN29
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| ''to come''
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| SDS management / back office.
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| 11 May 2018: directed applications for anonymity to be made by end of month.<ref name="ucpi.directions.11May2018"/>  However, no application to restrict real name was made<ref name="ucpi.pr.21June2018"/><ref name="ucpi.minded-to11.21June2018">Sir John Mitting, [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/20180621-SDS_anonymity_Minded_to_11.pdf Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad - 'Minded To' Note 11], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 21 June 2018.</ref><ref name="cti.explan.note.21June2018">[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/20180621-update-counsels-explanatory-note-SDS-Minded-to-11.pdf Counsel to the Inqury's Explanatory Note to accompany the Chairman's 'Minded To' Note 9 and Ruling 8 in respect of applications for restrictions over the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and Special Demonstration Squad: Update as at 21 June 2018], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 21 June 2018.</ref> so it will be published in due course.<ref name="ucpi.explan.note.30July2018"/>
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| [[HN30]]
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| ''restricted''
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| SDS management / back office
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| Real name to be restricted.<ref name="ucpi.explan.note.30July2018"/>
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| HN32
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| ''to come''
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| SDS management / back office
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| Directions has been given to supply any application by end of April 2018.<ref name="ucpi.dir.19Apr2018"/> No application made, so real name to be published in due course.<ref name="ucpi.pr.23May2018"/><ref name="mitting.mindedto9.23May2018"/>.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| HN33/98
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| ''[[Lee Bonser (alias)|Kathryn Lesley 'Lee' Bonser]]''
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| SDS undercover
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| 1983-1987 infiltrated Greenham Common Women’s Peace Camp and Socialist Workers Party.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| HN34
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| ''to come''
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| SDS management / back office
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| Real name to be published; no restriction application made.<ref name="explan.note.cti.14Nov17">[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/20171114-updated-explanatory-note.pdf Counsel to the Inquiry's Explanatory note to accompany the 'Minded-To' Note (2) in respect for restrictions over the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 14 November 2017.</ref>
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| [[HN35]]
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| ''restricted''
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| SDS Det. Sergeant
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| SDS cover officer for six undercovers for 2 years during the last period of the existence of the SDS. Ruling (May 2018): real name cannot be published.<ref name="mitting.ruling.15May18">[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/20180515_ruling_SDS_anonymity.pdf In the matter of section 19 (3) of the Inquiries Act 2005 Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad: Ruling], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 15 May 2018.</ref>
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| HN36
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| ''to come''
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| SDS management / back office
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| Name to be published (June 2018).
  
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As N26, she is mentioned in the first Operation Herne report, where it cites the 1994 / 1995 Special Demonstration Squad annual review as saying that N26 was the first office to obtain a completely fictitious identity - as opposed to creating a cover legend based on an identity taken from a dead child, such practice being phased out, starting November 1994.<ref name="herne.1"/> Prior to being deployed she had been a Metropolitan Police Special Branch officer.<ref name="hn26.ra.Aug17">Graham Walker, [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/HN26-Open-risk-assessment-from-the-MPS.pdf HN26 - Open risk assessment], ''Metropolitan Police Service'', 24 July 2017 (accessed via UCPI.org.uk).</ref>
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11 May 2018: directed that any applications relating to HN36 to be filed by end of the month.<ref name="ucpi.directions.11May2018"/> No such application was made<ref name="ucpi.pr.21June2018"/><ref name="ucpi.minded-to11.21June2018"/> so real name will be published.<ref name="ucpi.explan.note.30July2018"/> Any cover name to be considered at document redaction stage.<ref name="cti.explan.note.21June2018"/>
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| HN39
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| ''to come''
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| SDS management / back office
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| Name to be published (June 2018).
  
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==Personal details==
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11 May 2018: directed that any applications relating to HN36 to be filed by end of the month.<ref name="ucpi.directions.11May2018"/> No such application was made<ref name="ucpi.pr.21June2018"/><ref name="ucpi.minded-to11.21June2018"/> so real name will be published.<ref name="ucpi.explan.note.30July2018"/> No cover name used.<ref name="cti.explan.note.21June2018"/>
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| [[HN40|N40]]
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| ''restricted''
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| SDS undercover
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| Undercover in last decade of the unit.<ref name="mitting.mindedto2.14Nov17">[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/20171114-SDS-anonymity-Minded-to-2.pdf In the matter of section 19 (3) of the Inquiries Act 2005 Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad ‘Minded to’ note 2], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 14 November 2017.</ref>Mentioned in relation to how information from the SDS, particularly on the identities of protestors, was passed on to the rest of the police (Herne II, 13.4, 24.1.3).<ref name="herne.2">Mick Creedon, [http://www.derbyshire.police.uk/Documents/About-Us/Herne/Operation-Herne---Report-2---Allegations-of-Peter-Francis.pdf Operation Herne: Report 2 - Allegations of Peter Francis], ''Metropolitan Police Service'', March 2014.</ref>
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN41]]
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| ''restricted''
 +
| SDS undercover
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| Deployed against two groups in the 1970s and 1980s, of which the principle target group no longer exists.
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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| N43
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| Peter Francis, a.k.a. ''Peter Daley / Johnson / Black''
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| SDS undercover
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| 1993-1997 infiltrated Youth against Racism in Europe and Militant & Socialist Party.
  
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Christine was of slim build, just under average height (approx. 5' 4"), wore glasses and had long, dark hair. When she was undercover she was in her late twenties or early thirties, apparently born in the early 1960s, so a little older than many in the animal rights scene in London.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/><ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018">Undercover Research Group: interview with Paul Gravett, 19 January 2018.</ref>
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Mentioned in Herne I (3.5, 3.6) though not by real name; his identity can be inferred as he was the only former undercover who provided a video interview to ''the Guardian''.<ref name="herne.1">Mick Creedon, [http://www.derbyshire.police.uk/Documents/About-Us/Herne/Operation-Herne---Report-1---Covert-Identities.pdf Operation Herne Report 1: Covert Identities], ''Metropolitan Police Service'', July 2013.</ref> Peter Francis confirmed this was his cypher in a tweet of 23 January 2018.<ref>Peter Francis, [https://twitter.com/realspycop/status/955788147090251776 I really do hope I actually was a #Spycops or all those years of counselling were a total waste of money! Wow just imagine if it turns out I wasn't!! My totally unwanted Police anonymity number was N43], ''Twitter.com'', 23 January 2018.</ref>
  
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She often wore patchwork dungarees, tie-dye t-shirts combat boots, and was described by one person as coming across as quite contrived, and not quite the norm for animal rights at that time.<ref name="s.p.15Jan2018"/> Someone else recalled she dressed a bit smarter than the average activist, with a well-kept appearance.<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/> If she had an accent, it was very slight, if at all.<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/><ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/>
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On 25 January 2018, the Inquiry revealed that Francis had used three cover identities, 'Peter Johnson', 'Peter Daley' and 'Peter Black'. This was the first public revealing of the alias 'Peter Johnson', a name taken from that of a dead child. The Inquiry noted that it 'has been in touch with Peter Johnson’s close relatives who have made it very clear that they want the media to respect their privacy and not to seek to contact them by any means'.<ref>[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/20180125-press-release-Francis.pdf Press notice: No restriction sought over cover identities of Peter Francis], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 25 January 2018.</ref>
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN44
 +
| ''Darren Prowse''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| Tasked to infiltrate the British National Party in 2007. <ref name="email.ucpi.5June2018">Email to core participants, '20180605_UCPI_to_all_CPs_publishing_HN44_HN155_HN303', ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 5 June 2018, referencing update of the webpage [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/cover-names/ UCPI.org.uk/cover-names].</ref>
  
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Her background story was that she had been married to a cop who had been a heavy drinker, and that she had been an alcoholic herself in the past, with the nickname 'Pisstine'. She gave this as the reason as to why she was mainly teetotal, though she did drink occasionally, and also why she had cut off people from her past. She was separated from her husband and they had no children; it was recalled she mentioned they had been apparently football fans together, either of Chelsea or Fulham. She did not mention her family other than to say she had a sister who she regularly went to visit. She also claimed that her parents had died when she was young and that she had been raised by an uncle in Cornwall. When mentioning her uncle had died (see below), she was not very emotional about it.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> Others noted that nobody knew her family or life outside of activism.<ref name="bmcn.16Oct15"/><ref name="wlhsa.18May17"/><ref name="rl.i.14Feb17"/>
+
20 Feb 2018, directions issued that applications for restriction orders to be submitted by end of Feb 2018.<ref name="ucpi.dir.20Feb18"/> [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/20180226-MPS-CL_HN44_application.pdf Application made to restrict real name] 26 Feb 2018 (published 9 July 2018<ref name="ucpi.doclist.9July2018">[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/website_MTN_9_10_11-Officers_document_list.pdf List of documents relating to SOS officers - published 09 July 2018], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 9 July 2018.</ref>) which Mitting is minded to grant.<ref name="ucpi.pr.9July2018">[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/20180709-NPOIU_SDS-press_notice-anonymity-docs-FINAL.pdf Publication of documents relating to anonymity applications: National Public Order Intelligence Unit & Special Demonstration Squad], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 9 July 2018.</ref>
  
−
It was noted that she carried a shoulder bag (also described as a case<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/>) with her at all times, that clearly carried something heavy; this became a bit of a joke as she would never leave it alone for a moment, even taking it with her when she went to the toilet,<ref name="rl.i.14Feb17"/> and for some it drew a bit of suspicion towards her.<ref name="bjj.22Feb2014">'ARSpycatcher', [https://www.burojansen.nl/observant/how-special-branch-spied-on-animal-rights-movement/ How Special Branch Spied on Animal Rights Movement], ''Buro Jansen &amp; Jansen'', 22 February 2014 (accessed 12 January 2018).</ref>
+
Mitting wrote (March 2018):<ref name="ucpi.mitting.HNRuling6.22Mar2018"/>
 +
:: HN44 is a serving Metropolitan Police officer. In the last period of existence of the Special Duties Squad he was deployed to build a legend to permit him to infiltrate violent elements of one group. The Special Duties Squad was closed and his deployment was ended before he had succeeded in doing so. His evidence about the closure of the Squad is likely to be of interest to the Inquiry. In the (very) unlikely event that any member of he target group can provide or wishes to provide any information about him, publication of his cover name, which ill occur, is all that is required to prompt them to do so. Publication of his real name would give rise to a eal risk of interference in the private and family life of HN44 and his family and a contingent risk to their safety. It is not necessary to permit the Inquiry to fulfil its terms of reference. It would be neither proportionate nor justified under Article 8(2) of the European Convention.
  
−
Her interests included cryptic crosswords, painting, and Jackson Brown. She had no animals while she was living in London,<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> though she did give the impression of caring for them.<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/> For some reason she avoided Sutton in south London.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> There is little recollection of her talking about politics in any form, including of other issues around at the time such as anti-capitalism or the Criminal Justice Bill.<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/>
+
9 July 2018: directed that any objections to Mitting's intention to restrict the real name to be made by 20 July 2018.<ref name="mitting.directions.9July2018"/> 30 July 2018: final ruling that name cannot be published.<ref name="mitting.ruling11.30July2018"/>
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN45
 +
| ''[[Dave Robertson (alias)|David Robertson]]''
 +
| SDS undercover & back office
 +
| 1970-1973 infiltrated Banner Books, Vietnam Solidarity Campaign and maoist groups in North London. Worked in back office in SDS in adminstrative role for 3 years in 1980s.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN48
 +
| ''unknown''
 +
| SDS
 +
| 11 Jan 2018: directed that restriction orders applications to be submitted by end of Jan 2018.<ref name="ucpi.directions.11Jan2018">[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/20180111-directions-SDS-anonymity.pdf Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad: Directions], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 11 January 2018.</ref> 30 July 2018: further information sought before a decision on the applications.<ref name="ucpi.explan.note.30July2018"/>
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN49
 +
| ''to come''
 +
| SDS management / back office
 +
| Name to be published (June 2018).
  
−
===Residences===
+
11 May 2018: directed that any applications relating to HN49 to be filed by end of the month.<ref name="ucpi.directions.11May2018"/> No such application was made<ref name="ucpi.pr.21June2018"/><ref name="ucpi.minded-to11.21June2018"/> so real name will be published.<ref name="ucpi.explan.note.30July2018"/> Any cover name to be considered at document redaction stage.<ref name="cti.explan.note.21June2018"/> Served as cover officer in SDS.<ref name="ucpi.explan.note.30July2018"/>
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN51
 +
| ''to come''
 +
| SDS head of unit & back office
 +
| Serve in back office 1981-83, and as Det. Ch. Insp. in operational charged of the SDS Nov 1988 - July 1991. Unlikely to give evidence having suffered 3 strokes which has left them seriously incapacitated.<ref name="ucpi.pr.21June2018"/> Mitting wrote:<ref name="ucpi.minded-to11.21June2018"/>
 +
:: The evidence which he provided  to Operation Herne, in particular about his time as Detective  Chief  Inspector, is of significant interest to the Inquiry... But for the matters referred to below, he wouldhave been required to provide and give evidence... When I  have seen his medical records, it is very likely that I  will decide that he cannot participate in the Inquiry, by providing a witness statement or by giving oral evidence.
  
−
She lived in a number of places in south London, initially in Crystal Palace before moving to Norbury / South Streatham.<ref name="rl.i.14Feb17">Undercover Research Group: interview with Robin Lane, 14 February 2017.</ref>
+
11 May 2018: directed that any applications relating to HN51 to be filed by end of the month.<ref name="ucpi.directions.11May2018"/> No such application was made<ref name="ucpi.pr.21June2018"/><ref name="ucpi.minded-to11.21June2018"/> so real name will be published.<ref name="ucpi.explan.note.30July2018"/> Any cover name to be considered at document redaction stage.<ref name="cti.explan.note.21June2018"/>
−
From there she then moved to an upstairs maisonette on Farm Avenue (Sunnyhill Road side), just off Streatham High Street. This house was described as 'minimalist' and more like a 'show home'. For instance, it had only one candle.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> One campaigner who stayed over at Farm Avenue several times, described it as a one bedroom, upstairs flat that was immaculate with nothing out of place; the only bit of personalisation was an arrangement of postcards she had been sent. He recalled it was joked at the time that she had nothing.<ref name="Frank.p.25Jan2018"/> In all cases it is recalled that she lived on her own.
+
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN52
 +
| ''to come''
 +
| SDS management / back office
 +
| SDS sergeant. In received the 1998 memo from Bob Lambert on the meeting between [[Richard Walton]] and [[N81]] (Ellison Review, p. 229).<ref name="ellison.1">Mark Ellison, [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/287031/stephen_lawrence_review_volume_1.pdf Possible corruption and the role of undercover policing in the Stephen Lawrence case], ''Stephen Lawrence Independent Review'', Vol. 1, Gov.UK, March 2014</ref>
  
−
===Personality===
+
11 May 2018: directed that any applications relating to HN52 to be filed by end of the month.<ref name="ucpi.directions.11May2018"/> No such application was made<ref name="ucpi.pr.21June2018"/><ref name="ucpi.minded-to11.21June2018"/> so real name will be published.<ref name="ucpi.explan.note.30July2018"/> Any cover name to be considered at document redaction stage.<ref name="cti.explan.note.21June2018"/>
−
She was described as being helpful and willing to make herself available. As such, she was always in the thick of things.<ref name="tanya.i.31Jan16"/> As with many other undercovers, she would use her vehicle to drive people a lot, including taking them to meetings or home after events.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/><ref name="rl.i.14Feb17"/> It was also noted that she did not exacerbate things when people were in conflict, but generally remained friends with both sides.<ref name="Frank.p.25Jan2018"/>
+
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN53|HN53/N53]]
 +
| ''restricted''
 +
| SDS undercover & manager
 +
| Deployed undercover in 1980s; Second in Operational Command of SDS 1998-2005 (Det. Insp.). Though evidence is of importance to Inquiry, there is a contingent physical risk which justifies restricting real and cover names. Mentioned in Herne I & II, and Ellison. Ruled that neither real or cover names can be released by the Inquiry.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN56
 +
| ''[[Alan 'Nick' Nicholson (alias)|Alan 'Nick' Nicholson]]''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| 1990-1991 targeted British National Party.<ref name = covernamesApril>Undercover Policing Inquiry, [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/cover-names/ Update of Cover names page], ucpi.org.uk, 17 April 2018.</ref>
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN58]]
 +
| ''restricted''
 +
| SDS undercover & manager
 +
| DCI in charge of SDS 1997 - 2001. Real and cover names to be restricted.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN59]]
 +
| ''unknown''
 +
| SDS back office staff.
 +
| Served in SDS in late 1980s / early 1990s. Real name to be given 'when evidence relating to them is published before hearings'.<ref name="ucpi.pr.25Jan18">[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/20180124-December-minded-to-press-note.pdf Press Notice: Decisions relating to anonymity applications: Special Demonstration Squad], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 25 January 2018.</ref> No cover name.<ref name="ucpi.explan.note.30July2018"/>
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN60
 +
| ''[[Dave Evans (alias)|Dave Evans]]''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| 1998-2005 deployed into Socialist Workers Party, London Animal Action & Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty. Real name restricted.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN61
 +
| ''to come''
 +
| SDS back office staff / manager.<ref name="ucpi.pr2.15Jan2018">[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/20180115-Nov-minded-to-press-note.pdf Press notice - ‘Minded-to’ anonymity: Special Demonstration Squad Officers (HN13, HN296, HN304, HN339, HN340, HN354, HN356/124, HN61, HN819, HN109, HN9, HN66)], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 15 January 2018.</ref> No restriction order application made so real name will be published.<ref name="ucpi.explan.note.30July2018"/>
 +
| No application for a restriction order was made.<ref name="mindedto3.mitting.15Jan18">Sir John Mitting, [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/200180115-Minded-To-Note-3-November-tranche-applications.pdf Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad: 'Minded to' note 3], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 15 January 2018.</ref>
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN64]]
 +
| ''restricted''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| Deployed against one group in 1990s and reported on others.<ref name="mitting.mindedto2.14Nov17"/>
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN65
 +
| ''John Kerry''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| 1980 - 1984 targeted Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.<ref name="email.ucpi.19June2018">Email to core participants, '20180619_UCPI_to_all_CPs_HN65_HN351_HN354', ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 19 June 2018, referencing update of the webpage [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/cover-names/ UCPI.org.uk/cover-names].</ref> [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/20180226-MPS_CL-HN65_application.pdf Application made to restrict real and cover names] (26 Feb 2018), published 9 July 2018<ref name="ucpi.doclist.9July2018"/>  which Mitting is minded to grant for the real name restriction.<ref name="ucpi.pr.9July2018"/> [https://cnduk.org/statement-on-police-infiltration-of-cnd/ CND statement]
  
−
Frank, who knew her in south London and worked with her closely on a sanctuary, described Christine as someone who he would have classed as a great mate who never let him down and kept her promises; she came across as a dedicated activist. He felt she was sincere when it came to animals and recalled that she was not only vegan but the food she had at her flat not only avoided all animal products, but also other products considered unethical at the time, such as Nestlé.<ref name="Frank.p.25Jan2018">Undercover Research Group: phone call with 'Frank', 25 January 2018.</ref>
+
20 Feb 2018, directions issued that applications for restriction orders to be submitted by end of Feb 2018.<ref name="ucpi.dir.20Feb18"/>
  
−
As a person Christine appears to have been quite was sociable and would go the pub with people after meetings and protests.<ref name="damien.p.23Nov15"/> She got close to leading activists in LAA and was part of various cliques within the scene,<ref name="tanya.i.31Jan16">Undercover Research Group: interview with 'Tanya', 31 Jan 2016.</ref> and attended at least two sets of weddings of London-based campaigners.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/><ref name="Frank.p.25Jan2018"/> Paul Gravett described her as:<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/>
+
9 July 2018: directed that any objections to Mitting's intention to restrict the real name to be made by 20 July 2018.<ref name="mitting.directions.9July2018"/>
−
:: She could be a little short-tempered and aloof, but once you got to know her, she was friendly. She didn't totally blend into the background but was willing to give opinions, sometimes forcibly. She was definitely willing to speak up and had stuff to say.
 
  
−
However, several people noted that she came across as a bit strange and not always easy to get on with, partly because she could be secretive or moody, albeit she was generally nice at the same time.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/><ref name="rl.i.14Feb17"/><ref name="s.p.15Jan2018"/><ref name="bjj.22Feb2014"/> One activist who met her in Streatham said Christine came across as a 'lurker'.<ref>Undercover Research Group: email from 'Tony', 14 January 2018.</ref> The pattern appears that she kept aloof from people in general, unless she wanted to get particularly close to certain individuals or small groups. It was noted more than once that she focused on people intensely, latching onto a person, but also that she was ready to drop them abruptly to move on to others.
+
In March 2018, Mitting wrote:
 +
:: N65 is a sexagenarian. HN65 was deployed against one group in the early 1980s. The deployment is of significant interest to the Inquiry. The group, which was well known, posed no serious threat to public order. Its embers posed,and pose, no risk to the safety of HN65. One of the issues which the Inquiry must investigate, publicly, is why HN65 was deployed against the group and what, if anything, was done with intelligence provided on it by HN65. HN65 is likely to be the principal, perhaps only, source of information about these issues. Publication of the cover name of HN65, together with the name of the group infiltrated, should prompt further information and evidence from members of the group, likely to be of value to the Inquiry.<ref name="ucpi.mitting.HNRuling6.22Mar2018"/>
  
−
One prominent activist, 'Shirley', who had previously been targeted by the SDS undercover [[Andy Coles]], recalled how whenever she encountered Christine, the undercover focused on her:<ref name="s.p.15Jan2018">Undercover Research Group: phone call with 'Shirley', an animal rights activist, 15 January 2018.</ref>
+
30 July 2018: final ruling that real and cover name cannot be published.<ref name="mitting.ruling11.30July2018"/>
−
:: She was super-friendly, really smiley and made a lot of eye-contact. She made a point of being really keen and interested in me, despite the fact I wasn't encouraging it. She would question me about what sort of demonstrations and other protests I'd been on or was planning to go to. Her beeline for me every time we met became so obvious, that jokes were made about it.
+
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN66
 +
| ''cover name to come''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| Deployed against a variety of groups in early / mid-2000s, none of which committed acts of serious violence. In 60s.
  
−
Christine is known to have pointed a finger of suspicion once at a well-known activist, saying she didn't trust them,<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> but this does not appear to have been something she did regularly.<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/>
+
HN66 concerned his real name will be discovered if his cover name is released. Mitting found the fears misplaced and overstated, and if real name discovered, principle impact would be media intrusion 'falling well short of harassment'. A closed note accompanies this reasoning. Mitting thus minded to that real name cannot be published, but the application over cover name refused 'to the extent that it would prohibit disclosure of the names by which HN66 was known to members of the groups targeted'.<ref name="mitting.mindedto5.7Mar2018">Sir John Mitting, [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/20180307-SDS-anonymity-Minded-to-5.pdf In the matter of section 19(3) of the Inquiries Act 2005. Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and Special Demonstration Squad - 'Minded To' Note 5], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 7 March 2018.</ref>
  
−
As with many other undercovers, she was quite camera shy in general,<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/><ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> and on protests she would cover her face with a placard if she thought she would appear in a shot.<ref name="pg.e.Jan2018"/>
+
15 Jan 2018, granted more time to provide the Inquiry with information in relation to their restriction order application.<ref name="ucpi.pr2.15Jan2018"/> Full application delayed so minded to decision not reached.<ref name="mindedto3.mitting.15Jan18"/> HN66 is the same as the NPOIU officer EN327.<ref>[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/20180502_press_notice_NPOIU_anonymity.pdf Press Notice: 'Minded to' note: applications for restriction orders in respect of real and cover names of officers of the National Public Order Intelligence Unit and its predecessor/successor units], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 2 May 2018.</ref>
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN67
 +
| ''[[Alan Bond (alias)|Alan Bond]]''
 +
| SDS undercover & manager
 +
| 1981 - 1986 infiltrated Socialist Workers Party.<ref name="email.ucpi.7June2018">Email to core participants, '20180607_UCPI_to_all_CPs_HN67_HN68_HAB_CP19', ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 7 June 2018, referencing update of the webpage [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/cover-names/ UCPI.org.uk/cover-names].</ref> Admits to having a 'fleeting sexual encounter in his cover name with one woman who was not a member of his target group'. Later second in command of SDS for three years in 1990s. Real name restricted.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN68
 +
| ''[[Sean Lynch (alias)|Sean Lynch]]''
 +
| SDS undercover & manager
 +
| 1968-74 infiltrated Vietnam Solidarity Campaign, Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association, Irish Civil Rights Solidarity Campaign and Sinn Féin (London). Held managerial position in SDS 1982-84. Deceased.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN69
 +
| ''to come''
 +
| SDS head of unit
 +
| Chief Inspector, heading up SDS 1986-1987.  In his statement to Op. Herne stated '…new recruits were instructed on how to go about obtaining false birth certificates. They would obtain details of a deceased person of a similar age from Somerset House and then use those details to go about creating their legend.' (Herne I, 3.1)<ref name="herne.1"/>
  
−
==Occupation and vehicle==
+
11 May 2018: directed that any applications relating to HN69 to be filed by end of the month.<ref name="ucpi.directions.11May2018">Sir John Mitting, [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/20180511-direction_SDS_anonymity_applications.pdf Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad: Directions], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 11 May 2018.</ref> No such application was made<ref name="ucpi.pr.21June2018"/><ref name="ucpi.minded-to11.21June2018"/> so real name will be published.<ref name="ucpi.explan.note.30July2018"/> No cover name used.<ref name="cti.explan.note.21June2018"/>
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN71]]
 +
| ''restricted''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| Deployed against two groups in 1990s and 2000s / last 15 years of the existence of the SDS.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN72]]
 +
| ''restricted''
 +
| SDS undercover and manager
 +
| Deployed for short period in 1980s into one group (inferred as 1986-1987). Held significant managerial position in SDS (approx 2005/6), after Macpherson; considered to have important evidence to give regarding spying on the Lawerence family. Real and cover name restricted on health grounds.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN76]]
 +
| ''restricted''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| Deployed in last years of the SDS into one group and reported on others. Mitting has ruled real and cover name will be restricted as HN76 is a serving police officer 'engaged in sensitive duties', so it would not be in the public interest to 'put performance of those duties at risk'.<ref name="ucpi.pr.23May2018"/><ref name="mitting.mindedto9.23May2018"/><ref name="mitting.ruling11.30July2018"/>
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN77
 +
| ''[[Jackie Anderson (alias)|Jaqueline "Jackie" Anderson]]''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| 2000-2005 infiltrated Reclaim the Streets, Earth First! and the WOMBLES.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN78
 +
| ''cover name to come''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| Summer 1991-1995 deployed into left wing groups, including some near the Lawrence campaign; joined Special Branch 1986, and SDS in 1991 - leaving that unit by 1996. (Herne II, 12.2; Ellison, 6.4). Aware of Peter Francis' role; said he heard nothing indicating material to smear the Lawrences was being sought (Herne II, 21.1.14; Ellison, 6.3(p), 6.4). Considerable material from him covered in section 6.4 of the Ellison Review (Vol.1).<ref name="herne.2"/><ref name="ellison.1"/>
  
−
Christine told a number of people that she was a courier delivering parcels, which was the reason she had a van<ref name="s.p.15Jan2018"/> and mobile phone. Her employer was apparently based on the south side of the Thames, near the National Film Theatre.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> However, when offered courier work by friends, she was reluctant to take their business.<ref name="wlhsa.18May17"/>
+
Minded to (March 2018):<ref name="ucpi.mitting.HNRuling6.22Mar2018"/>
 +
: HN78 is a sexagenarian. HN78 was deployed into two or three groups in the early 1990s. HN78 admits to a relationship with a member of the opposite sex during the deployment. The Inquiry must investigate deployments into these groups, including that of HN78... Further, members of the target groups must have the opportunity to give evidence about the deployment of HN78. To do that, they will need to know the cover name.  
  
−
She had two vehicles during her deployment, the first a small white panel, (two-seater<ref name="Frank.p.25Jan2018"/>) estate-car sized van, followed by a red one of similar size that was unmarked.<ref name="wlhsa.18May17">Undercover Research Group: phone call with a London hunt sab, 18 May 2017.</ref><ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/><ref name="s.p.15Jan2018"/> One person recalled that it used to have lots of boxes in the back that smelled of curry.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> She would use it regularly for going to demonstrations and meetings.<ref name="bmcn.16Oct15"/>
+
Decision to restrict real name but publish cover name reiterated on 6 June 2018, when Mitting wrote:<ref name="ucpi.minded-to10.6June2018">Sir John Mitting, [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/20180606-Minded_to_10_and_ruling_9.pdff Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad - 'Minded To' note 10 and Ruling 9], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 6 June 2018.</ref>
 +
: I repeat the reasons set out in the "minded to" note 6 dated 22 March 2018. Further, HN78 has now provided a detailed personal statement in support of the application for a restriction order in respect of the cover name. It provides information about the reasons for the deployments referred to in paragraph 20 of "minded to" note 6, which must be explored in public. It is also necessary that the cover name of HN78 is published, to permit members of the target groups to provide evidence about the deployments and their own activities.
 +
: The reasons for the ruling are those set out in the closed note referred to in paragraph 21 of "minded to" note 6 and in the closed note which accompanies this ruling.
  
−
She had no landline, but did have a mobile phone - then only just coming in as a thing people had - being one of the first people in the animal rights scene to have one.<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/><ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> She was generally quick to answer it and would also use it while driving.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> Her numbers are known to have been 0802 251 354, followed by 0966 144 331.<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/>
+
20 Feb 2018: directed that applications for restriction orders to be submitted by end of that month.<ref name="ucpi.dir.20Feb18"/>
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN79
 +
| ''Ross 'RossCo' MacInnes''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| 2007 tasked against the United British Alliance.
  
−
Like many other police undercovers, she was a very good driver. She would drive hunt sabs' vehicles when on those protests, but when at other demonstrations she preferred to take her own van, saying that she 'didn't want to rely on other people or to get stuck'.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> However, when LAA hired or borrowed a minibus to take people to a protest, she was one of the drivers they called on.<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/><ref>London Animal Action did not get its own minibus until late 1997. It is not recalled if she drove it, however. Source: interview with Paul Gravett, ''vide infra''.</ref>
+
22 Mar 2018: minded to: restrict real name, and noted:<ref name="ucpi.mitting.HNRuling6.22Mar2018">Sir John Mitting, [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/20180322_SDS_anonymity_Minded_to_6.pdf In the matter of section 19(3) of the Inquiries Act 2005 Application for restriction order in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad 'Minded To' Note 6 and Ruling 5], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry (UCPI.org.uk)'', 22 March 2018 (accessed 28 March 2018).</ref>
 +
:: HN79 was the last undercover officer to be recruited into the Special Duties Squad. He was not fully deployed: the Squad was disbanded before he could be. He found the experience a stressful and unhappy one. He is a serving police officer and is concerned about the impact of the disclosure, in connection with his would-be role as an undercover officer in the Squad, of his real name on his current police duties and on his family.  
  
−
She claimed her boss was ringing her on her phone constantly. Later, after he supposedly had died of a brain tumour, she passed on carpet tiles to fellow activists, saying they had come from his office.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/>
+
20 Feb 2018: directed that applications for restriction orders to be submitted by end of that month.<ref name="ucpi.dir.20Feb18"/> Cover name released April 2018. Ruling of May 2018: real name restricted; application over cover name rejected.<ref name="mitting.ruling.15May18">[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/20180515_ruling_SDS_anonymity.pdf In the matter of section 19 (3) of the Inquiries Act 2005 Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad: Ruling], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 15 May 2018.</ref>
  
−
==Targets &amp; activities==
+
26 Feb 2018: MPS submit [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/20180226-MPS-HN79_Application.pdf application to restrict real name only].
  
−
For the first part of her deployment she had a London focus,<ref name="bmcn.16Oct15">Undercover Research Group: interview with Brendan McNally, 16 October 2015.</ref> subsequently moving to interests further afield, particularly swapping her attention from fur campaigns to hunt sabbing (short for sabotaging) in 1997.<ref name="pg.e.Jan2018"/>
+
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN80
 +
| ''Colin Clark''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| 1977 - 1982 deployed into Socialist Workers Party & Anti-Nazi League.
  
−
===London Animal Action===
+
20 Feb 2018, directions issued that applications for restriction orders to be submitted by end of Feb 2018.<ref name="ucpi.dir.20Feb18"/> Cover name and groups released 26 June 2018.<ref name="email.ucpi.26June2018">Email to core participants, '20180626_UCPI_to_all_CPs_publishing_HN80_HN88_HN90_HN106_HN340', ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 26 June 2018, referencing update of the webpage [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/cover-names/ UCPI.org.uk/cover-names].</ref> [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/20180226-MPS_CL-HN80_application.pdf Application made to restrict cover and real name] (26 Feb 2018), published 9 July 2018<ref name="ucpi.doclist.9July2018"/>  which Mitting is minded to grant for the real name restriction.<ref name="ucpi.pr.9July2018"/>
  
−
[[Image:LAA_General_Meeting_Agenda_(13Oct1998).jpg|thumb|200px|Agenda for the General Meeting of London Animal Action, 13 October 1998. Via https://larmstuff.tumblr.com]]
+
Minded to (March 2018):<ref name="ucpi.mitting.HNRuling6.22Mar2018"/>
 +
: HN80 is a septuagenarian. HN80 was deployed as an undercover officer against one group in the late 1970s and early 1980s and encountered and reported on many others. The deployment is of significant interest to the Inquiry because of its length and range and because, according to HN80, it involved a good deal of self-tasking. Publication of the cover name of HN80 may prompt information or evidence from those who encountered HN80 during the deployment. Publication of the real name of HN80 is not necessary to permit the Inquiry to fulfil its terms of reference and would interfere with the right ofHN80 to respect for private and family life. HN80 has expressed fears,  which do not appear to be objectively justified, about the risk of violence posed by former targets and their associates. I am prepared to accept that the fears are genuinely held. On the basis of what is t present known, it would be neither proportionate nor justified under article 8(2) of the European Convention to override those fears by refusing to make a restriction order in respect of the real name.  
  
−
Christine appears to have turned up in late 1994<ref name="met.apology"/><ref name="ucpi.covernames"/>, at an anti-fur picket against Noble Furs, at 3 Burlington Place, just off Regent Street in central London. She said she was passing by when she saw the protest, and it having sparked her interest in the issue joined in.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> This campaign was active October 1994 and January 1995 (see below) so allows the start of her deployment to be placed between October-December 1994,<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/> most likely being in November (see note above on use of cover identity).
+
9 July 2018: directed that any objections to Mitting's intention to restrict the real name to be made by 20 July 2018.<ref name="mitting.directions.9July2018"/>
  
−
At this point the undercover [[Matt Rayner (alias)|Matt Rayner]] was still deployed into animal rights groups in north London. Early on, Christine focused on people he knew, going out for meals with prominent activists in the group.<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/>
+
30 July 2018: final ruling that real name cannot be published.<ref name="mitting.ruling11.30July2018"/>
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[N81|HN81 / N81]]
 +
| ''Dave Hagan''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| 1996-2001 targeted Socialist Workers Party, Class War, Movement Against the Monarchy and Movement for Justice. Referred to extensively in the [[Ellison Review]] in relation to the targeting of the family of Stephen Lawrence.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN82
 +
| ''Nicholas Green''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| Deployed 1982 to 1986 into Socialist Workers Party and Red Action.<ref>Email to core participants, '20180814-UCPI_to_all_CPs-HN82_cover_name', ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 14 August 2018, referencing update of the webpage [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/cover-names/ UCPI.org.uk/cover-names].</ref> (Previously described as being deployed against two groups in 1980s, one of which said to be violent.) Deceased. Risk assessor finds no risk to safety of his widow, but she has expressed concern all the same, and 'feels' the risk is real. Mitting in his Minded-To of March 2018 indicates the real name shall be restricted while opportunity given to widow of HN82 to make a personal representation at a closed hearing about publication of cover name. Mitting not prepared to act on something vague, but given chance HN82's real name could be discovered via his cover name, the Chair is giving her a chance to make a representation at a closed hearing in respect of the cover name. A closed note also accompanies the open reasons provided in the Minded To.<ref name="mitting.mindedto5.7Mar2018"/> Subsequent to this, the Inquiry website at unknown date listed the cover name as 'to be published'.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN83]]
 +
| ''restricted''
 +
| SDS undercover & back office
 +
| Deployed against one group in mid-1980s; name restricted due to risk to officer's personal safety. Later in career did welfare work with SDS.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| N85 / HN85
 +
| [[Roger Pearce]] a.k.a. ''Roger Thorley''
 +
| SDS undercover & manager
 +
| 1979-1984 infiltrated Freedom Press and anarchist groups. Later Head of Special Branch and Director of Intelligence for Metropolitan Police Service. Mentioned in the first Operation Herne report and the Ellison Review.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN86]]
 +
| ''restricted''
 +
| SDS undercover & manager
 +
| SDS undercover in late 1970s / early 1980s 'against groups whose principle activities during that time are outside the terms of reference of the Inquiry'. Later Det. Ch. Insp. in operational charge of the SDS for a period in 1990s, and temporary head of S Squad. Mentioned by Herne and Ellison, inlcuding in relation to spying on the Lawrence family. Mitting has ruled the real and cover names will be restricted.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN87]]
 +
| ''unknown''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| Deployed in 1980s/1990s. Real and cover names restricted for reasons which cannot be made public.<ref name="mitting.mindedto9.23May2018"/><ref name="mitting.ruling11.30July2018"/>
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN88
 +
| ''[[Timothy Spence (alias)|Timothy Spence]]''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| 1983-1987 infiltrated the Stoke Newington and Hackney Defence Campaign and the Hackney Campaign Against the Police Bill.  Real name restricted.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN89 / N89
 +
| ''cover name to come''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
|  Infiltrated far right in 1990s and 'involved in public order situations where left and right attended'; contemporary of Peter Francis who would confide in N89.<ref name="ellison.1"/> Deceased; real and cover name to be published as no application made to restrict details (Nov 2017 minded-to).<ref name="explan.note.cti.14Nov17"/>
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN90
 +
| ''Mark Kerry''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| 1988-1992 infiltrated Socialist Workers Party and City of London Anti-Apartheid Group.<ref name="email.ucpi.26June2018"/>
  
−
From then on she became active in the city-wide group, London Animal Action (LAA), an umbrella organisation for many of the animal rights-related campaigns in the city, and which helped provide transport for protests further afield. Christine attended many of the different types of protests organised through LAA,<ref name="bmcn.16Oct15">Undercover Research Group: interview with Brendan McNally, 16 October 2015.</ref> particularly those relating to fur.<ref name="rl.i.14Feb17"/> However, on demonstrations she tended to stay on the periphery of things, and it is believed she was not arrested on LAA related protests.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/>
+
20 Feb 2018, directions issued that applications for restriction orders to be submitted by end of Feb 2018.<ref name="ucpi.dir.20Feb18"/> [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/20180226-MPS_CL-HN90_application.pdf Application made to restrict real name] (26 Feb 2018), published 9 July 2018<ref name="ucpi.doclist.9July2018"/> which Mitting is minded to grant.<ref name="ucpi.pr.9July2018"/>
  
−
Several campaigners described her as being involved in everything to do with London Animal Action,<ref name="rl.i.14Feb17"/> steadily becoming prominent in it<ref name="bjj.22Feb2014"/> - right up until her exit in late 1999.<ref name="damien.p.23Nov15">Undercover Research Group: email from 'Damien Clark', 23 November 2015.</ref> This included attending pretty much all public meetings, then being held at the 1A Community Centre on Rosebury Avenue, EC1, and also the more private planning ones, making herself useful by taking on administrative tasks<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/><ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/>
+
March 2018: Mitting minded to publish cover name but restrict real name, writing:<ref name="ucpi.mitting.HNRuling6.22Mar2018"/>
 +
: HN90 is a sexagenarian. HN90 was deployed into one group, after a short deployment in another, in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The deployment appears to have been unremarkable. The risk to the safety of HN90 arising out of it is nil or negligible. The deployment is, nevertheless, of significant interest to the Inquiry, for at   least two reasons: it spanned the period during which the Cold War ended and the focus of undercover deployments may have changed; and it included reporting on Poll Tax demonstrations. Fulfilment of the terms of reference of the Inquiry requires that these issues are explored publicly and that those with whom HN90 may have interacted have the opportunity of providing information or evidence about the deployment... It does not require that the real name of HN90 is published.  
  
−
She became trusted enough to be provided a key to its office space at 5 Caledonian Road,<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> home to Housmans bookshop and PeaceNews - following in the footsteps of undercover Matt Rayner in this.<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/> As part of helping with administration, she was one of those who handled LAA's post, which needed to be picked up from its private BM mail box.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> Minutes of the London Animal Actions' planning meeting of 5 May 1997 note that Christine Green agreed to be a signatory for LAA's bank account, replacing Matt Rayner who had been treasurer of the group until he went abroad. As such she played an increasing role in the group's finances, likely being the ''de facto'' treasurer by the end of her time with them.<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/><ref name="pg.e.Jan2018">Undercover Research Group: emails from Paul Gravett, January 2018.</ref>
+
9 July 2018: directed that any objections to Mitting's intention to restrict the real name to be made by 20 July 2018.<ref name="mitting.directions.9July2018"/> 30 July 2018: final ruling that real and cover name cannot be published.<ref name="mitting.ruling11.30July2018"/>
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN91]]
 +
| ''restricted''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| Deployed against two groups in last period of SDS. Neither group poses a threat, but the officer is currently serving in a 'valuable and sensitve role' so real or cover name are to be restricted.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN95
 +
| ''cover name to come''<ref name="ucpi.explan.note.30July2018"/>
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| 1985-1988 deployed into Socialist Workers Party.<ref name="mitting.mindedto8.26Apr2018">Sir John Mitting, [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/20180426_SDS_anonymity-Minded_to_8.pdf In the matter of section 19(3) of the Inquiries Act 2005 Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad - 'Minded to' note 8], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 26 April 2018.</ref>
  
−
Christine was also one of those who helped edit the LAA newsletter, ''London Animal Rights News'' - a similar tactic to Andy Coles, who had edited its predecessor news-sheet for the London Animal Rights Coalition. Through this she had access to LAA's mailing lists.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> In late 1995 she suggested doing the mail-out for the London Animal Rights Newsletter from her house, picking them up in her van.<ref name="rl.i.14Feb17"/><ref name="bjj.22Feb2014"/><ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/>
+
Apr 2018: Mitting said he was minded-to refuse application to restrict real name, saying:<ref name="mitting.mindedto8.26Apr2018"/>
 +
:: His deployment was problematical and was terminated by his managers abruptly in 1988. He was medically retired soon after. Little or nothing is known about his current circumstances or concerns, save that it is believed he is aware of the attempts which have been made to contact him in connection with the Inquiry. If he is, he has not responded to them.
 +
:: The [MPS] has made an application for a restriction order in respect of his real name. The grounds of the application are generic. They do not identify the respects, if any, in which his right to respect for his private and family life would be infringed by publication of his real name, beyond referring to a paragraph in the risk assessment created on 27 February 2018 which is, itself, generic.... I am not willing to make a restriction order on Article 8 grounds without some good reason for believing that the right to respect for private and family life would be infringed if real or cover name were published. In the case of HN95, I have no such reason. Further, the real name of HN95 and the circumstances in which he came to join and leave the [SDS] are know to responsible journalists. The latter have been put into the public domain by them. I have no reason to believe that any attempt will be made to restrain publication of that which they know - the real name of HN95. In those circumstances, it would be futile to make a restriction order in respect of the real name.
  
−
The minutes from the planning meeting of the 5th May 1997 also show the extent to which she had become a key and trusted campaigner in the group and the numerous aspects of its work she involved herself in.<ref name="laa.plng.mtg.5May97">Minutes of Planning Meeting Tuesday 5th May 1997, ''London Animal Action''.</ref> In addition to agreeing to be a bank signatory, she took on to reach out to the following groups:
+
11 Jan 2018, directed restriction orders application to be submitted by end of Jan 2018.<ref name="ucpi.directions.11Jan2018"/> Minded To (March 2018): application delayed.<ref name="mitting.mindedto5.7Mar2018"/> Apr 2018: Mitting orders that HN95 'should provide notification that they his to be heard in closed hearing' by 7 May 2018, with skeleton argument setting out objections to his Minded To to reject application to restrict real name to be provided by 11 May 2018.<ref name="mitting.mindedto8directions.26Apr2018">Sir John Mitting, [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/20180426_SDS_anonymity-directions_to_accompany_Minded_to_8.pdf In the matter of section 19(3) of the Inquiries Act 2005 Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad Directions following publication of 'Minded to' note 8], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 26 April 2018.</ref>
−
* The McLibel campaign, supporting Helen Steel and Dave Morris being sued by McDonald's (a campaign also spied upon by Matt Rayner) - Christine and another prominent LAA campaigner volunteered to look into doing a joint march between LAA and McLibel. In the end, this never happened.
 
−
* The London Anti-Vivisection Action, a campaign within London Animal Action. Following a discussion at the meeting about so called 'home visits' to targets involved in vivisection and the heavy policing of recent events during World Day for Animals In Laboratories, 'Christine volunteered to contact Birnberg solicitors to try to ascertain more about the legal situation'.
 
−
* South London Animal Action. This campaigning group was being wound down, and its membership list and mail would be passed over to LAA. According to the minutes: 'Christine is meeting [the couple running SLAA] later this week to sort out how this will be done.'
 
−
 
 
−
Christine was present at a London Animal Action planning meeting in September 1999 meeting when it was agreed to write to a local north London campaign saying LAA no longer wanted to be associated with it due to incidents of racism among the protestors there. Christine was among those who said a stand should be taken against the racism. The next planning meeting, in October 1999 was attended by more people than usual because of the issue, Christine again present and being vocal against the racism.<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/>
 
−
 
 
−
===Anti-fur campaigns===
 
−
 
 
−
London had been the focus of various anti-fur campaigns over the years. In the early 1990s, this had been led by the London Anti-Fur Campaign, one of the groups that had merged to form London Animal Action in late 1994. In response to fur making a return in fashion, LAA launched the Fur Free London Campaign in autumn 1994 as their flagship campaign, aiming to make London free of fur shops. The first of its targets was Noble Furs, where pickets took place from October 1994 to January 1995,<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/> at one of which Christine first made contact (see above).
 
−
 
 
−
[[Image:Philip_Hockley_Furs_campaign_update.jpg|thumb|200px|Leaflet on the Philip Hockley Furs campaign run by London Animal Rights. Via https://larmstuff.tumblr.com]]
 
−
 
 
−
A series of short, successful campaigns by Fur Free London then followed, resulting in the closure of Jindo Furs of Knightsbridge and Montana Furs ceasing to sell real fur. Other targets included Selfridges. In June 1995, the group started its long campaign against Philip Hockley at 20 Conduit Street, Mayfair, the most prestigious of the fur shops still open.<ref name="arkangel.20">[http://www.animalliberationfront.com/ALFront/Arkangel/Ark20pt3.pdf Fur Wars... the Campaign Against Philip Hockley], ''Arkangel'', Issue 20, 1998.</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
Christine is known to have attended many of these anti-fur related protests, particularly at the Philip Hockley shop<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> including one all-night vigil there.<ref name="rl.i.14Feb17"/> These protests happened every Saturday and occasionally also on weekdays; they were met with a regular police and private security presence, the police in particular seeking to move protest well away from the shop front. In July 1997, an injunction under the Protection from Harassment Act was taken out against the protestors, and multiple arrests for 'breach of the peace' took place during subsequent protests.<ref name="arkangel.20"/>
 
−
 
 
−
Around this time, Christine moved away from doing anti-fur campaigning and switched to hunt sabbing, which was also mainly a weekend activity. By late 1997, she appears to have stopped doing fur protests altogether.<ref name="pg.e.Jan2018"/>
 
−
 
 
−
====March 1996 Fur Day of Action====
 
−
 
 
−
[[Image:London_Animal_Rights_News_April_199621012018.jpg|thumb|200px|Front page of the April 1996 edition of London Animal Rights News covering the March 1996 'Fur Day of Action' by London Animal Action. Courtesy of Paul Gravett.]]
 
−
 
 
−
Christine was a key part of a small group which tracked Michael Hockley from his shop to his home address.<ref>Undercover Research Group: accounts from people present and involved in the March 1996 protest.</ref> This knowledge was made use of on 16 March 1996, when London Animal Action held a 'Day of Action Against the Fur Trade'. A hundred people from across the UK turned up for the protest, which focused on fur shops in London. A contemporary report in ''London Animal Rights News'' noted that Special Branch / Animal Rights National Index had apparently informed police on the day to expect around 60 protestors. There were various shops targeted, during which one arrest took place.<ref name="larn.12"/>
 
−
 
 
−
After the shops closed for the day, a large part of the protestors then made their way to Hockley's house in north west London. Interestingly the LARN report noted that police were waiting for protestors when they arrived at St. John's tube station, and:<ref name="larn.12">Fur trader resigns due to pressure from animal liberationists, ''London Animal Rights News'', April 1996, Issue 12.</ref>
 
−
:: Within five minutes several riot vans had arrived with blue lights flashing and sirens sounding. One copper stood in Hockley's front garden brandishing a small round riot shield. After ten minutes there were about a dozen riot vans, dog handlers, police range rovers and undercover officers to deal with the 75 or so protestors.
 
−
:: This mighty force of the TSG (Tactical Support Group) obviously wasn't enough to handle us, because they were shortly followed by a low-flying police helicopter hovering above his house.
 
−
 
 
−
A line of police then pushed the protestors back from the house, and the group moved back to St. John's Station, reassembling to move on. There they were attacked by police, forcing them onto the tube trains. Six people were arrested during this protest and taken to Marylebone station, but all were later released without charge.<ref name="larn.12"/>
 
−
 
 
−
Another undercover officer, [[Matt Rayner]] was present at the protest at Hockley's house.<ref>Paul Gravett: email to Undercover Research Group, 5 February 2016.</ref> It is believed that Christine too was present at the house and also at a second 'Fur Day of Action' held in November 1996.<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/>
 
−
 
 
−
===Hunt Sabbing===
 
−
 
 
−
[[Image:1990s HSA leaflet(front).jpg|thumb|200px|Front of a 1990s leaflet produced by the Hunt Saboteurs Association. Via https://larmstuff.tumblr.com]]
 
−
 
 
−
Being based in Streatham meant that Christine was geographically close to the Brixton hunt saboteur group, which had been targeted for infiltration by her predecessor [[Andy Coles]]. She tried to make a connection, including helping out with food at a benefit gig for the group.<ref name="tanya.i.31Jan16"/> However, she was not trusted enough to be welcomed into the group; as far as currently known, she never went out sabbing with the Brixton group.<ref name="s.p.15Jan2018"/><ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/>
 
−
 
 
−
She then turned her attention to another prominent hunt sab group, the West London Hunt Sabs, which had previously been targeted by '[[Matt Rayner (alias)|Matt Rayner]]', and regularly have gone out with them, including when they joined up with other sab groups in the region such as Reading and Southampton.<ref name="m.p.4Feb17">Undercover Research Group: interview with 'M', a hunt saboteur, 14 February 2017.</ref> Christine went out with them regularly, both as a driver, but also actively taking part in the protests itself. She would be one of the protestors going into the field to actively prevent hunts from killing foxes using a variety of methods.<ref name="s.p.15Jan2018"/> Targets at the time would have hunts such as the Surrey Union.<ref name="s.p.15Jan2018"/>
 
−
 
 
−
She was said to be confrontational when out hunt sabbing.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> During one protest against the Isle of Wight fox hunt in early March 1998 near Arreton, Christine was arrested along with eight other sabs for aggravated trespass (section 69, Criminal Justice Act). Charges against her were dropped, but pursued against the rest; their initial court appearance in March 1998 giving their details (other than hers) was reported in local press.<ref>Undercover Research Group: conversation with 'V', January 2018.</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
===South London Animal Action===
 
−
 
 
−
Christine was also involved in South London Animal Action (also known as South London Animal Aid), a Clapham based group.<ref name="Frank.p.25Jan2018"/> (When it wound down and merged into London Animal Action in 1997, Christine volunteered to pick up its material including mailing lists - see above.)
 
−
 
 
−
At the time, SLAA was active on a number of local campaigns such as against Battersea Zoo and fishing at Clapham Lake. The group also took part in national protests including those around live exports (including at Coventry, Brightlingsea and Shoreham) and Glaxo Wellcome in Stevenage; and attending protests against McDonald's and shark fin soup in London's Chinatown (as part of the Shark Protection League campaign).<ref>[http://animalliberationfront.com/ALFront/Arkangel/Ark13pt1.pdf Local Group Reports], ''Arkangel'', No. 13, 1995.</ref><ref>[http://animalliberationfront.com/ALFront/Arkangel/Ark14pt1.pdf Local Group Reports], ''Arkangel'', No. 14, 1995.</ref><ref>[http://animalliberationfront.com/ALFront/Arkangel/Ark15pt1.pdf Local Group Reports], ''Arkangel'', No. 15, 1995.</ref> Furthermore, SLAA ran a vegan catering company, Green Marmoset, which provided food at events to raise money.<ref>[http://animalliberationfront.com/ALFront/Arkangel/Ark16pt1.pdf Local Group Reports], ''Arkangel'', No. 16, undated.</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
===Other activities===
 
−
 
 
−
Other known activities of Christine Green:
 
−
* Regularly drove people to the quarterly meetings of the Animal Rights Coalition, taking place in Coventry and elsewhere.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/>
 
−
* Often helped out at a well-known animal sanctuary in Kent.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16">Undercover Research Group: interview with 'YJ', 23 Feb 2016.</ref><ref name="Frank.p.25Jan2018"/>
 
−
* August 1999, took part in a protest at London Zoo held by London Animal Action.<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/> As protests were generally difficult due to local bye-laws and quickly moved on by the police, the protestors met up secretly elsewhere first. This time the protest, involving one person dressed up as a monkey in a cage, successfully went ahead and the police seemed content to let them carry on for as long as they wished.<ref name="pg.e.Jan2018"/>
 
−
* Attended a meeting in Brighton in support of animal rights hunger striker Barry Horne.<ref name="bmcn.16Oct15"/> This was likely during the period of Horne's third hunger strike which lasted from 6 October to 13 December 1998.<ref name="mann.dusk"/>
 
−
* Participated in demonstrations outside circuses over the use of performing animals, possibly including Circus King when it visited east/north London.<ref name="Frank.p.25Jan2018"/>
 
−
 
 
−
===Animal liberations===
 
−
 
 
−
Christine took part in animal rescues on several occasions. Once, following a demonstration at Hillgrove, a group of protestors stopped off at a notorious farm known for the cruelty towards animals. Christine had taken her van, and allowed it to be used to transport a number of hens taken from the farm. On another occasion, a horse being kept on a landfill site was rescued and transported in her van.<ref>Undercover Research Group: interview with James, January 2018.</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
She was also part of an Animal Liberation Front raid on the Crow Hill mink farm at Ringwood, Hampshire on 8 August 1998, in which up to 6,000 mink were released into the wild; the action was claimed in the name of the Animal Liberation Front.<ref name="met.apology">[http://news.met.police.uk/news/apology-to-hampshire-constabulary-re-actions-of-undercover-unit-295396 Apology to Hampshire Constabulary re actions of undercover unit], ''Metropolitan Police'', 20 February 2018 (accessed 20 February 2018).</ref> Though many were recaptured, a second raid a week later resulted in 1,000 being released once more.<ref>Guardian staff and agencies, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1998/aug/17/animalwelfare.world 1,000 Mink freed in second raid], ''The Guardian'', 17 August 1998 (accessed Feb 2018)</ref> However, it is not known if the same group was involved. The raids recieved considerable mainstream media coverage at the time, and was subject to a large investigation by Hampshire Police, but nobody was arrested at the time.
 
−
 
 
−
Christine Green's involvement in the first raid of 8 August, was withheld by the Metropolitan Police from Hampshire Police at the time. In February 2018, following the public confirmation of Christine's role as an undercover, the Metropolitan Police publicly apologised to Hampshire police over this, and named her as a participant (see below).<ref name="met.apology"/>
 
−
 
 
−
==National protests==
 
−
 
 
−
Throughout her deployment Christine was active outside London, whether through hunt sabbing or taking part in the national campaigns then taking place - which regularly saw large-scale protests, often met with intensive policing operations. Much of her involvement was through London Animal Action, or South London Animal Action. 
 
−
 
 
−
===Live exports===
 
−
 
 
−
From 1994 to 1996, much of animal rights activism on a national level was dominated by protests against the live export of animals, particularly of calves being sent to Europe for veal. Following major ferry lines dropping the trade including at Dover, farmers switched a number smaller sites to transport the animals from. These included Coventry Airport, and the ports of Brightingsea in Essex and Shoreham in Sussex. These subsequently became the focus of major campaigns, with regular pickets attracting significant numbers of people. After the European Union banned the export of British cattle in March 1996, campaigning on the issue died down.<ref name="walls.2002">[http://www.socresonline.org.uk/7/1/walls.html 'The Campaign Against 'Live Exports' in the UK: Animal Protectionism, the Stigmatisation of Place and the Language of Moral Outrage'], ''Sociological Research Online'', Vol. 7, No. 1, 31 May 2002 (accessed 29 January 2018).</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
On at least one occasion, Christine drove London campaigners to the protest at Coventry Airport.<ref name="Frank.p.25Jan2018"/> These protests had begun in December 1994<ref>John Mullin &amp; James Erlichman, Airline to go on with live exports, ''The Guardian'', 23 December 1994 (accessed via Nexis.com).</ref> and continued until the 4 May 1995. On 1 February 1995 protestor Jill Phipps was killed by a lorry at one of the demonstrations.<ref name="jp.org.uk">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070228122146/http://www.jillphipps.org.uk:80/history.htm JillPhipps.org.uk (memorial site)], 2007 (accessed via Archive.org).</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
Christine is known to have also attended the protests at Shoreham<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> and Brightlingsea,<ref name="s.p.15Jan2018"/> both of which saw very large protests throughout 1995. Those at Shoreham took place from October 1994 until live exports from there were abandoned in June 1995; while the Brightlingsea lasted from January to August 1995 when again they were victorious.<ref name="walls.2002"/><ref> See also [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Brightlingsea Battle of Brightlingsea], ''Wikipedia'', undated (accessed 29 January 2018).</ref> It was noted Brightingsea would have required her to go out of her way considerably, as it was not an easy place to get to from south-west London compared to other targets. She is thought to have been around for when campaigners there were actively snatched out of crowds by police.<ref name="s.p.15Jan2018"/>
 
−
 
 
−
===Vivisection breeders===
 
−
 
 
−
[[Image:Hillgrove_LAA_leaflet_WorldDay1998.jpg|thumb|200px|Leaflet produced by London Animal Action to advertise the 1998 World Day for Animals In Laboratories demonstration at Hillgrove Farm. Via https://larmstuff.tumblr.com]]
 
−
 
 
−
In 1996, the animal rights movement turned a significant part of its focus to anti-vivisection protests, targeting businesses breeding animals for experimentation in laboratories. A number of such campaigns were set up, particularly against Consort in Herefordshire - which bred beagles. On 19 April 1997, Christine drove protestors from London to a demonstration at Consort Beagles, held as part of the annual World Day for Laboratory Animals.<ref name="arspyc.whowere"/> Christine did not stay with the vehicle but joined the other protestors in the fields around the place.<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/> Despite a large police presence, the 500 protestors managed to breach fences and one pregnant beagle was briefly rescued.<ref name="mann.dusk">Keith Mann, From Dusk 'til Dawn: An insider's view of the growth of the Animal Liberation Movement. Puppy Pincher Press, 2007.</ref> 23 protestors were arrested following the clashes<ref>Roving Brief: 23 held in puppy demo, ''The Observer'', 20 April 1997 (accessed via Nexis.com).</ref> - including two who had come in the vehicle driven by Christine.<ref name="pg.e.Jan2018"/>
 
−
 
 
−
After Consort closed in September 1997, campaigners turned their attention to Hillgrove Cats, the last remaining breeder of cats for vivisection in the UK, situated just outside Whitney in Oxfordshire. Boosted by a number of significant successes against breeders of animals for vivisection, Hillgrove Cats saw regular, large-scale protests, and a commensurately large police presence. The campaign lasted until August 1999, when the farm announced it was closing its breeding business.<ref>Hillgrove was within the Thames Valley Police area. It is notable that the Assistant Chief Constable for TVP at the time was [[Sara Thornton]], while heading up Oxford, also regularly targeted for Hillgrove related protests were [[Cressida Dick]] and [[Phil Gormley]]. Also commanding divisions at the time are [[John Donlon]] and [[Anton Setchell]].</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
[[Image:Hillgrove World Day 1998 leaflet.jpg|thumb|200px|Leaflet from Save The Hillgrove Cats campaign, advertising a demonstration on 17 March 1999 to mark World Day for Animals In Laboratories. Via https://larmstuff.tumblr.com/]]
 
−
 
 
−
The campaign which regularly held small-scale night time vigils was also notable for large monthly protests which saw considerable disturbances at the farm and in nearby Oxford city. These protest would attract sufficient interest that coaches were hired to transport people to them, some of which were driven by Christine's partner.<ref name="bjj.22Feb2014"/> Christine is known to have been present at both.<ref name="Frank.p.25Jan2018"/>
 
−
 
 
−
In particular, she was at the large protest of 18 April 1998, to commemorate World Day for Animals In Laboratories,<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/> Considerable damage was done to the farm despite a large police operation which saw officers brought in from West Mercia and Gloucestershire police forces.<ref>Dave McGee, Assault and Cattery: thousands battle with police at breeding farm, ''Sunday Mirror'', 19 April 1998 (accessed via Nexis).</ref> Five of those who were at the clashes of 18 April were arrested at a subsequent protest on 31 May 1998.<ref>Ten held at cat-farm demo, ''The Independent'', 1 June 1998 (accessed via Nexis).</ref> At that point, the police operation at the farm, led by Assist. Chief Constable Tim Davidson, had cost £&#189; million.<ref>Jamie Wilson, Clashes feared in cat farm protest, ''The Guardian'', 18 April 1998 (accessed via Nexis.com).</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
Christine may also have attended protest at Shamrock Farm,<ref name="Frank.p.25Jan2018"/> based at Small Dole, near Brighton and which imported primates for vivisection. It was the target of a successful campaign by Save the Shamrock Monkeys from 1998 to 2000.<ref name="mann.dusk"/><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/mar/11/6 Monkey farm closes after demos], ''The Guardian'', 11 March 2000 (accessed 29 January 2018).</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
==Exit &amp; relationship==
 
−
 
 
−
A number of people have stated that around 1998, Christine began a relationship with a prominent sab and animal rights activist, Tom<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> though this has been questioned by others. In 1994, he had been sent to prison for several months for assaulting a hunt employee in Surrey, something he said was self-defense. He was active with Reading and West London hunt sabs, (the latter group targeted by Christine - see above). Christine is also recalled being seen with him at the 1998 World Day protest at Hillgrove, for which he had been a coach driver and at an LAA planning meetings in October 1999 (see above under the racism issue).<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/>
 
−
 
 
−
By this stage, Christine had been deployed into animal rights as an undercover for five years, and (in hindsight) the deployment was coming to an end. As with previous undercovers, she started mentioning that she was tired with activism<ref name="bjj.22Feb2014"/> and vanished from the animal rights scene in late 1999 with very little in the way of goodbye.<ref name="damien.p.23Nov15"/><ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/> The story she gave to some was her wealthy uncle in Cornwall had died and left her some money, which she was using for a six-month trip to Australia.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> Both the Metropolitan Police and Undercover Policing Inquiry noted her formal deployment ended in 1999.<ref name="ucpi.covernames"/><ref name="met.apology"/>
 
−
 
 
−
After her supposed time away, Christine returned and contacted a few activist friends. Apparently in France, Tom traveled to see her there.<ref name="wlhsa.18May17"/> Though it is not clear when the actual relationship started, not long after 2000 they moved to Cornwall as a couple.<ref name="Guardian.Feb2018"/> There she took a job with a rape crisis centre, while Tom continued doing animal rights campaigning.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/><ref name="m.p.4Feb17">Undercover Research Group: interview with 'M', a hunt saboteur, 14 February 2017.</ref> Several people had chance encounters with the couple while they were living there. This included one in a Cornwall veggie cafe by someone who knew Tom from earlier animal rights campaigning, though not Christine. The campaigner recalled how Tom effectively blanked her greeting.<ref>Undercover Research Group: phone call with 'L', 21 January 2018.</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
In 2011, around the time the undercover policing scandal was breaking, the couple left Cornwall for rural Scotland, though their subsequent whereabouts are unknown.
 
−
 
 
−
==Suspicions and exposure==
 
−
 
 
−
There was some suspicion of Christine at the time of her deployment, with a few people thinking she was 'a bit funny'. Others animal rights activists in Streatham were also wary of her and it was noted that Christine tried to avoid them in turn.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> Likewise, she struggled to get accepted by the Brixton Hunt sabs. She appears to be aware of some of the suspicion around her, having asked an activist if it was thought that she was an undercover cop.<ref name="yj.i.23Feb16"/> Others remember that she didn't quite fit in, but were not able to put a finger on why they felt that at the time.<ref name="pg.p.19Jan2018"/>
 
−
 
 
−
In 2013, Paul Gravett recognised that Christine fitted the pattern of several other SDS undercovers he had known - [[Bob Lambert]], ''[[Matt Rayner (alias)|Matt Rayner]]'' and [[Andy Coles]]. He began circulating his suspicions in October that year,<ref name="pg.e.Jan2018"/><ref name="bookfair2013">Reference to Christine Green and others was made by Paul Gravett in his talk at the October 2013 London Anarchist Bookfair, and in an email circulated by him a week beforehand, inviting people to attend. See [https://web.archive.org/web/20131204080638fw_/http://www.anarchistbookfair.org.uk/whatson.html 2013 Anarchist Bookfair Meetings], ''AnarchistBookfair.co.uk'', 2013 (accessed via Archive.org). Email of Paul Gravett enclosing original email of October 2013.</ref> and her cover name was subsequently published online in February 2014.<ref name="bjj.22Feb2014"/><ref name="arspyc.whowere"/>
 
−
 
 
−
Following the exposure of ''Andy "Van" Davey'' as an undercover in May 2017, attention turned to Christine. Concrete evidence was uncovered by both ''The Guardian'' and the Undercover Research Group, which confirmed she had been a serving police officer.<ref>Undercover Research Group: research conducted by various people, 2017.</ref> This was publicly revealed by ''The Guardian'' in February 2018.<ref name="Guardian.Feb2018">Rob Evans & Severin Carrell, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/feb/18/police-spy-christine-greening-long-term-relationship-activist-tom-frampton-after-quitting-covert-role Met police spy has long-term relationship with activist after quitting covert role], ''The Guardian'', 18 February 2018 (accessed February 2018).</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
This was subsequently confirmed by the Undercover Policing Inquiry who added her to the list of confirmed cover names on its website on 20 February 2018.<ref name="ucpi.covernames">[https://www.ucpi.org.uk/cover-names/ Cover names], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', updated 20 February 2018. See also their tweet of same day: [https://twitter.com/ucpinquiry/status/965919766924988416 Cover name confirmed: "Christine Green" - groups: Animal Liberation Front; London Animal Action, West London Hunt Saboteurs. 1994-1999], ''Twitter.com'', 20 February 2018 (accessed 20 February 2018)</ref>. The following day, the Metropolitan Police, as part of their apology to Hampshire Police over the Ringwood mink farm raid, also confirmed Christine Green had been one of their SDS officers.<ref name="met.apology"/>
 
−
 
 
−
==Metropolitan Police apology==
 
−
 
 
−
On Tuesday, 20 February 2018, two days after ''The Guardian'' story broke, Metropolitan Police issued a public statement:<ref name="met.apology"/>
 
−
 
 
−
:: <strong>Apology to Hampshire Constabulary re actions of undercover unit</strong>
 
−
:: The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) has formally apologised to Hampshire Constabulary for an incident regarding the actions of the former undercover unit - the Special Demonstration Squad (SDS).
 
−
:: During the investigation into the SDS carried out by Operation Herne the MPS found information about the deployment of an undercover officer known as 'Christine Green'. Christine Green infiltrated the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) and London Animal Action between 1994 and 1999.
 
−
:: It appears from the available evidence that Christine Green was authorised by her then line management, potentially up to the rank of Detective Chief Superintendent, to participate in a criminal act that took place on the night of 8 August 1998. This was when ALF activists released a large number of mink from a fur farm - Crow Hill Farm - in Ringwood, Hampshire.
 
−
:: A decision was made by the SDS not to share Christine Green's involvement or the knowledge the MPS had about the role of the ALF with Hampshire Constabulary, who carried out a criminal investigation at the time. In 2014, the MPS disclosed the former officer's role to Hampshire Constabulary. Neither the MPS nor Hampshire Constabulary could share this more widely at that time in view of the risk of identification of the former officer.
 
−
:: At this stage there is no evidence that the officer was involved in the second release of mink two weeks later. She resigned from the MPS in August 2000.
 
−
:: The MPS has informed the Public Inquiry into Undercover Policing of this matter. Following the Chairman Sir John Mitting's ruling regarding the release of the former officer's cover name, the MPS agreed that it was in the public interest that the role of the MPS in this incident be made public.
 
−
:: Assistant Commissioner Helen Ball, in charge of Professionalism in the MPS, said: ''"The MPS has apologised to Hampshire Constabulary for the impact these decisions had on their ability to bring those responsible to justice.''
 
−
:: ''"The precise circumstances of the decision to authorise an undercover officer to participate in this criminal act will be fully explored as part of the Public Inquiry process. I would like to be clear that the decision making surrounding this incident would simply not happen in today's Metropolitan Police Service.''
 
−
:: ''"It appears that the SDS allowed this incident to go ahead, as they saw it, in the interests of preventing more serious crime in the longer term. The scale of the release was unforeseen by the SDS at the time, but once the impact became clear they still did not inform Hampshire Constabulary of the officer's involvement.''
 
−
:: ''"It is not possible to say what direct impact the role of Christine Green's involvement had or if different policing decisions could have averted the damage.''
 
−
:: ''"I do understand that this decision making from 20 years ago will cause significant concern to the public, especially those people directly affected by the events in 1998. The MPS will be honest about our past and accept criticism where it is due.''
 
−
:: ''"Today, undercover policing is extensively supervised, including by the Investigatory Powers Commissioner and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire and Rescue Services. We work within this framework to use undercover policing tactics appropriately for the benefit of the public. We have a continuing responsibility to reassure the public about the ethics and integrity of modern policing."'
 
−
:: A referral was made to the then Independent Police Complaints Commission in April 2014 with regards to the role and conduct of Christine Green. The IPCC decided a local investigation should be carried out - this was conducted by Operation Herne under the supervision of then Derbyshire Chief Constable Mick Creedon. An investigation was carried out within the frameworks available at that time and a file was submitted to the CPS in December 2015. In February 2016 the CPS advised there was insufficient evidence to provide a realistic prospect of conviction.
 
−
:: The work of Operation Herne remains ongoing.
 
−
:: The Public Inquiry published the former officer's cover name on Tuesday, 20 February. A restriction order has been granted over her real name.
 
−
 
 
−
The same day the Undercover Policing Inquiry also named 'Christine Green' on their webpgage as the officer known under the cipher 'HN26'.<ref name="ucpi.covernames"/>
 
−
 
 
−
The above press release was unusual in that it broke with the Metropolitan Police's policy of not naming former undercovers who had not already self-identified, as part of their policy of '[[Neither Confirm Nor Deny]]' (NCND). Up until then, Christine's role in the Ringwood mink liberation was not public knowledge.
 
−
 
 
−
The press release also noted that the Ringwood release had been subject to a complaint and police investigation in 2014, but that the Crown Prosecution Service had said in 2016 that there was little prospect of conviction.
 
−
 
 
−
The Metropolitan press release was picked up by many media outlets with national newspapers and BBC radio carrying the story, including covering the issues that had been raised by the mink liberation back in 1998.<ref>Harley Tamplin, [http://metro.co.uk/2018/02/20/police-covered-undercover-officers-role-releasing-6000-mink-farm-7327833/ Police covered up undercover officer’s role in releasing 6,000 mink from farm], ''The Metro'', 20 February 2018 (accessed 20 February 2018).</ref><ref>Conrad Landin, [https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/police-admit-undercover-cop-broke-the-law-in-fur-farm-raid Police admit undercover cop broke the law in fur farm raid], ''Morning Star'', 21 February 2018 (accessed 21 February 2018).</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-43133682 Ringwood mink fur farm raid sanctioned by police], ''BBC Online'', 20 February 2018 (accessed 20 February 2018).</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
Hampshire police also put out their own response:<ref>[https://www.hampshire.police.uk/news/general/statement-hampshire-constabulary-following-apology-metropolitan-police/ Statement from Hampshire Constabulary following apology from Metropolitan Police], Hampshire Constabulary, 20 February 2018 (accessed 21 February 2018).</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
:: <strong>Statement from Hampshire Constabulary following apology from the Metropolitan Police</strong>
 
−
:: Hampshire Constabulary has today received an apology from the Metropolitan Police following the release of the cover name of former Special Demonstration Squad officer ‘Christine Green’ as part of the Undercover Policing Inquiry, as well as an acknowledgement that we were unaware of any of these practices taking place in our force area.
 
−
:: I wanted to share with you the statement issued by our force lead in this area, Chief Superintendent Darren O’Callaghan regarding an incident that happened in the New Forest area in 1998.
 
−
:: ''“In August 1998, Hampshire Constabulary investigated an incident of criminal damage at Crow Hill Farm near Ringwood. During this incident, 6,000 mink were released into the New Forest and the Animal Liberation Front claimed responsibility. Following an investigation by Hampshire Constabulary, and based on the information available at the time, no individuals were identified as being responsible and no charges were brought.''
 
−
:: ''“In 2014, Hampshire Constabulary was made aware of the involvement of an undercover Metropolitan Police Special Demonstration Squad officer using now discredited tactics during the incident at Crow Hill Farm. On the basis of this information, we conducted a full review of our original investigation. However, due to the length of time that had passed, the lack of tangible evidence and no suspects being identified, in consultation with the Crown Prosecution Service, it was agreed that there was no realistic chance of prosecution. Prior to this disclosure, Hampshire Constabulary was unaware of the presence of the officer during this crime, or the tactics being employed by the Metropolitan Police.''
 
−
:: ''“Once this new information became known and in the interests of openness and transparency, Hampshire Constabulary sought permission to inform the affected parties in this case, however we were notified that the crime and the tactics used were subject to the Undercover Policing Inquiry and therefore bound by the confidentiality of this legal process.''
 
−
:: ''“We continue to fully co-operate with the Inquiry.”''
 
−
 
 
−
The Friday that week (23 February), Christine had released a statement to ''The Guardian''.<ref>Rob Evans, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/feb/23/ex-police-spy-christine-green-berates-met-for-revealing-role-in-mink-release Ex-police spy berates Met for revealing her role in mink release], <em>The Guardian</em>, 23 February 2018 (accessed 23 February 2018).</ref> In this, she was highly critical of Metropolitan Police's senior officers, saying the should hang their heads in shame and that in revealing her participation in the Ringwood mink liberation their behaviour was 'scandalous', and that in releasing her name but not those officers who had authorised her to take part in the raid 'seems like doubled standards to me'.
 
−
 
 
−
:: That the current senior management team at the Metropolitan police has chosen to expose my role, knowing the vilification and furore that would follow in the ‘trial by media’ whilst being fully aware of my ill-health issues, is scandalous. It is the Metropolitan police, not I, who should be holding its head in shame.
 
−
 
 
−
The article also revealed that she had quit the Metropolitan Police in 2000, shortly after her deployment came to an end, and that she has had a 'great deal of therapy and counselling over the years' due to her time undercover, as her 'duplicity, whilst doing my job to the best of my ability, has had a long-term damaging effect on my physical and mental health'.
 
−
 
 
−
She also offered an apology:
 
−
:: In her statement, she offered her heartfelt apology to “those activists who I was closest to and who befriended me, opening their lives and homes to me”. She said she had “made some of the best friends anyone could ever want, people who without hesitation put their liberty and sometimes their life on the line for me. I am certain they know who they are.”
 
−
 
 
−
==Further reading and resources==
 
−
 
 
−
* Rob Evans and Severin Carrell, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/feb/18/police-spy-christine-greening-long-term-relationship-activist-tom-frampton-after-quitting-covert-role Met police spy has long-term relationship with activist after quitting covert role],''The Guardian'', 18 February 2018.
 
−
* Undercover Research Group, [http://undercoverresearch.net/2018/02/18/christine-green-yet-another-spycop-animal-rights/ Christine Green: yet another #spycop in animal rights], 18 February 2018.
 
−
* Metropolitan Police, [http://news.met.police.uk/news/apology-to-hampshire-constabulary-re-actions-of-undercover-unit-295396  Apology to Hampshire Constabulary re actions of undercover unit], 20 February 2018.
 
−
* Rob Evans, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/feb/20/police-admit-officers-role-in-mass-release-of-mink-by-protesters Met admits police spy’s role in mass release of mink by protesters], <em>The Guardian</em>, 20 February 2018.
 
−
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-43133682 Ringwood mink fur farm raid sanctioned by police], ''BBC Online'', 20 February 2018.
 
−
* Conrad Landin, [https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/police-admit-undercover-cop-broke-the-law-in-fur-farm-raid Police admit undercover cop broke the law in fur farm raid], ''Morning Star'', 21 February 2018.
 
−
* Rob Evans, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/feb/23/ex-police-spy-christine-green-berates-met-for-revealing-role-in-mink-release Ex-police spy berates Met for revealing her role in mink release], <em>The Guardian</em>, 23 February 2018.
 
  
 +
30 July 2018: Mitting refuses to make ruling restricting real name of HN95.<ref>Sir John Mitting, [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/20180730_SDS_anonymity_Minded-to_12_and_Ruling_10.pdf Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad: Minded to note 12 and Ruling 10], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 30 July 2018.</ref>
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN96
 +
| ''[[James Michael (alias)|James Michael]]''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| 1978-1983 infiltrated the Socialist Workers Party & Troop Out Movement.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN91]]
 +
| ''unknown''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| Deployed against two groups in last period of SDS.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| [[HN97]]
 +
| ''restricted''
 +
| SDS undercover
 +
| Deployed in 1980s into one group and reported on many others. Ruled that real and cover name will be restricted due to a risk to HN97 which cannot be made public.
 +
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
 +
| HN99
 +
| ''to come''
 +
| SDS management / back office
 +
| No application for restriction order made; real name to be published.<ref name="explan.note.cti.14Nov17"/> No cover name.<ref name="ucpi.explan.note.30July2018"/>
 +
|}
  
 
==Notes==
 
==Notes==
 
<references />
 
<references />

Revision as of 07:53, 12 September 2018


URG logo 1.png

This article is part of the Undercover Research Portal at Powerbase: investigating corporate and police spying on activists.

Part of a series on the
Undercover
Policing Inquiry
N Officers list
Description: A list of N & HN cyphers used to designate individual officers in the Inquiry and by Operation Herne (Part 1)

Police officers cited in the Undercover Policing Inquiry (UCPI) are generally designated by a cypher / nominal starting with N or HN followed by a number. The practice of assigning these cyphers was begun in by the Metropolitan Police inquiry Operation Herne which investigated the activities of the Special Demonstration Squad undercovers. It was subsequently adopted by Mark Ellison for his Review and the UCPI, both of which draw heavily on Operation Herne. The system appears to have changed in 2017, when the Inquiry began using the 'HN' label, though the associated numbers appear unchanged.[1]

Due to the number of offices and associated details, the list has been split into several pages. This is page 1, covering N officers with cypher number up to 99.

  • Updated 3 August 2018; further details of restriction order applications, etc. can be found under individual officer pages where linked.
Cypher Name (italics for cover name only) Position Notes
HN1 Matt Rayner SDS undercover Infiltrated animal rights groups in north London 1991-1996, including London Boots Action Group, London Animal Action, Animal Liberation Front and West London Hunt Saboteurs. Engaged in sexual relationships. Real name restricted.
HN2 Andy Coles a.k.a. Andy Davey SDS undercover & cover officer Infiltrated animal rights groups in south London 1991-1995; also targeted peace groups. Engaged in sexual relationships. Authored a version of the SDS Tradecraft manual.
HN3 Jason Bishop SDS undercover 1998-2006 infiltrated Reclaim the Streets, Earth First! and Disarm DSEi. Real name restricted.
HN4 likely to be restricted SDS undercover Deployed into two branches of one group in late 1980s/early 1990s. June 2018 - minded to restrict real name, cover name application to be considered at closed hearing.[2]
N5 / HN5 John Dines a.k.a. John Barker SDS undercover 1987-1991 infiltrated London Greenpeace and Animal Liberation Front. Engaged in sexual relationships.
HN6 restricted SDS undercover Deployed against three groups in 1990s. Details restricted due to risk of violence and mental health issues.
HN7 restricted SDS undercover officer. Real and cover name restricted on health grounds. Targets & dates unknown.
HN8 restricted SDS undercover. Deployed into one group in late 1980s / early 1990s. Mitting has ruled real and cover names shall be restricted on grounds of a physical risk.
N9 / HN9 restricted SDS undercover & cover officer. Deployed into one group in 1980s; later was a cover officer for officers of interest deployed in 2000s. Named in Ellison Review. Mitting has ruled real and cover names shall be restricted as HN9 at risk of suicide if details published.
N10 / HN10 Robert "Bob" Lambert a.k.a. Bob Robinson SDS undercover and head of unit. Targeted animal rights groups in north London 1984-1989. Engaged in sexual relationships, including fathering a child by one activist. Later head of the SDS and took part in the Walton-N81 meeting.
HN11 Mike Chitty, a.k.a. Mike Blake SDS Undercover 1984-1987 deployed into animal rights groups in south London, including South London Animal Movement. Engaged in sexual relationships.
HN12 Mike Hartley SDS Undercover 1982-1985, deployed into Revolutionary Communist Group and Socialist Workers Party. Engaged in sexual relationships. Deceased. Real name restricted.
HN13 Barry / Desmond Loader SDS undercover Infiltrated the Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist) 1974/5-1978. Twice prosecuted for public order offences in his cover name and convicted once. Deceased. Real name restricted.
N14 / HN14 Jim Boyling a.k.a. "Grumpy" Jim Sutton SDS Undercover. 1995-2000 deployed into Essex Hunt Saboteurs, Reclaim the Streets and Earth First! Engaged in sexual relationships and fathered children by an activist.
HN15 Mark Jenner a.k.a. Mark Cassidy SDS undercover 1995-2000 targeted Colin Roach Centre, Anti-Fascist Action, Independent Working Class Association, Republican Forum. Mentioned by Lambert as an SDS UCO who 'would have involvement in Stephen Lawrence campaign issues' (Ellison page 214). Engaged in sexual relationships.
HN16 cover name to come SDS undercover
HN17 restricted SDS undercover Targeted right wing groups in 1990s (last 15 years of SDS existance).
HN18 to come SDS undercover Deployed in 'last period of existence' of SDS.
HN19 Malcolm Shearing SDS undercover 1981 to 1985 deployed into Revolutionary Communist Party & Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist/Leninist). Arrested and cautioned for bill posting. Real name restricted.
HN20 Tony Williams SDS undercover 1978 to 1982 deployed into the Revolutionary Communist Tendency and Direct Action Movement. Real name restricted.
HN21 restricted SDS undercover Deployed late 1970s / early 1980s against one group & reported on others. Ruling real and cover name restricted on mental health grounds.
HN22 unknown SDS management / back office 20 Feb 2018: directed that restriction orders applications to be submitted by end of Feb 2018.[3] No application made.[4] No application made so real name will be published.[5]
HN23 restricted SDS undercover Deployed in 1990s. Real and cover name to be restricted.
HN24 to come SDS management Prior to joining the [SDS] in 2001, HN24 handled and distributed intelligence gathered by deployed undercover officers at the time of the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry. Also served as a cover officer for undercovers, including Carlo Neri. Real name to be published.
HN25 Kevin Douglas' SDS undercover 1987-1991 deployed into the Troops Out Movement
HN26 Christine Green SDS undercover Deployed 1994-1999 into animal rights groups including Animal Liberation Front, London Animal Action and West London Hunt Saboteurs.
HN27 restricted SDS undercover Deployed into a number of left wing groups in the 1990s. In 60s. Ruling made that real and cover names will be restricted on grounds the officer is 'at risk to life and limb' given the nature of deployment and activities undertaken. Mentioned in Ellison.
HN28 restricted SDS undercover Deployed against two groups and reported on others in last 15 years of SDS. Minded to: restrict real and cover names as at risk of serious violence if identity discovered.[6][7] Had been directed to file anonymity application by 24/27 April 2018.[8] Open application over real and cover names (26 Apr 2018)

9 July 2018: directed that any objections to Mitting's intention to restrict the real name to be made by 20 July 2018.[9]

30 July 2018: final ruling that real and cover name cannot be published.[10]

HN29 to come SDS management / back office. 11 May 2018: directed applications for anonymity to be made by end of month.[11] However, no application to restrict real name was made[2][12][13] so it will be published in due course.[5]
HN30 restricted SDS management / back office Real name to be restricted.[5]
HN32 to come SDS management / back office Directions has been given to supply any application by end of April 2018.[8] No application made, so real name to be published in due course.[6][7].
HN33/98 Kathryn Lesley 'Lee' Bonser SDS undercover 1983-1987 infiltrated Greenham Common Women’s Peace Camp and Socialist Workers Party.
HN34 to come SDS management / back office Real name to be published; no restriction application made.[14]
HN35 restricted SDS Det. Sergeant SDS cover officer for six undercovers for 2 years during the last period of the existence of the SDS. Ruling (May 2018): real name cannot be published.[15]
HN36 to come SDS management / back office Name to be published (June 2018).

11 May 2018: directed that any applications relating to HN36 to be filed by end of the month.[11] No such application was made[2][12] so real name will be published.[5] Any cover name to be considered at document redaction stage.[13]

HN39 to come SDS management / back office Name to be published (June 2018).

11 May 2018: directed that any applications relating to HN36 to be filed by end of the month.[11] No such application was made[2][12] so real name will be published.[5] No cover name used.[13]

N40 restricted SDS undercover Undercover in last decade of the unit.[16]Mentioned in relation to how information from the SDS, particularly on the identities of protestors, was passed on to the rest of the police (Herne II, 13.4, 24.1.3).[17]
HN41 restricted SDS undercover Deployed against two groups in the 1970s and 1980s, of which the principle target group no longer exists.
N43 Peter Francis, a.k.a. Peter Daley / Johnson / Black SDS undercover 1993-1997 infiltrated Youth against Racism in Europe and Militant & Socialist Party.

Mentioned in Herne I (3.5, 3.6) though not by real name; his identity can be inferred as he was the only former undercover who provided a video interview to the Guardian.[18] Peter Francis confirmed this was his cypher in a tweet of 23 January 2018.[19]

On 25 January 2018, the Inquiry revealed that Francis had used three cover identities, 'Peter Johnson', 'Peter Daley' and 'Peter Black'. This was the first public revealing of the alias 'Peter Johnson', a name taken from that of a dead child. The Inquiry noted that it 'has been in touch with Peter Johnson’s close relatives who have made it very clear that they want the media to respect their privacy and not to seek to contact them by any means'.[20]

HN44 Darren Prowse SDS undercover Tasked to infiltrate the British National Party in 2007. [21]

20 Feb 2018, directions issued that applications for restriction orders to be submitted by end of Feb 2018.[3] Application made to restrict real name 26 Feb 2018 (published 9 July 2018[22]) which Mitting is minded to grant.[23]

Mitting wrote (March 2018):[4]

HN44 is a serving Metropolitan Police officer. In the last period of existence of the Special Duties Squad he was deployed to build a legend to permit him to infiltrate violent elements of one group. The Special Duties Squad was closed and his deployment was ended before he had succeeded in doing so. His evidence about the closure of the Squad is likely to be of interest to the Inquiry. In the (very) unlikely event that any member of he target group can provide or wishes to provide any information about him, publication of his cover name, which ill occur, is all that is required to prompt them to do so. Publication of his real name would give rise to a eal risk of interference in the private and family life of HN44 and his family and a contingent risk to their safety. It is not necessary to permit the Inquiry to fulfil its terms of reference. It would be neither proportionate nor justified under Article 8(2) of the European Convention.

9 July 2018: directed that any objections to Mitting's intention to restrict the real name to be made by 20 July 2018.[9] 30 July 2018: final ruling that name cannot be published.[10]

HN45 David Robertson SDS undercover & back office 1970-1973 infiltrated Banner Books, Vietnam Solidarity Campaign and maoist groups in North London. Worked in back office in SDS in adminstrative role for 3 years in 1980s.
HN48 unknown SDS 11 Jan 2018: directed that restriction orders applications to be submitted by end of Jan 2018.[24] 30 July 2018: further information sought before a decision on the applications.[5]
HN49 to come SDS management / back office Name to be published (June 2018).

11 May 2018: directed that any applications relating to HN49 to be filed by end of the month.[11] No such application was made[2][12] so real name will be published.[5] Any cover name to be considered at document redaction stage.[13] Served as cover officer in SDS.[5]

HN51 to come SDS head of unit & back office Serve in back office 1981-83, and as Det. Ch. Insp. in operational charged of the SDS Nov 1988 - July 1991. Unlikely to give evidence having suffered 3 strokes which has left them seriously incapacitated.[2] Mitting wrote:[12]
The evidence which he provided to Operation Herne, in particular about his time as Detective Chief Inspector, is of significant interest to the Inquiry... But for the matters referred to below, he wouldhave been required to provide and give evidence... When I have seen his medical records, it is very likely that I will decide that he cannot participate in the Inquiry, by providing a witness statement or by giving oral evidence.

11 May 2018: directed that any applications relating to HN51 to be filed by end of the month.[11] No such application was made[2][12] so real name will be published.[5] Any cover name to be considered at document redaction stage.[13]

HN52 to come SDS management / back office SDS sergeant. In received the 1998 memo from Bob Lambert on the meeting between Richard Walton and N81 (Ellison Review, p. 229).[25]

11 May 2018: directed that any applications relating to HN52 to be filed by end of the month.[11] No such application was made[2][12] so real name will be published.[5] Any cover name to be considered at document redaction stage.[13]

HN53/N53 restricted SDS undercover & manager Deployed undercover in 1980s; Second in Operational Command of SDS 1998-2005 (Det. Insp.). Though evidence is of importance to Inquiry, there is a contingent physical risk which justifies restricting real and cover names. Mentioned in Herne I & II, and Ellison. Ruled that neither real or cover names can be released by the Inquiry.
HN56 Alan 'Nick' Nicholson SDS undercover 1990-1991 targeted British National Party.[26]
HN58 restricted SDS undercover & manager DCI in charge of SDS 1997 - 2001. Real and cover names to be restricted.
HN59 unknown SDS back office staff. Served in SDS in late 1980s / early 1990s. Real name to be given 'when evidence relating to them is published before hearings'.[27] No cover name.[5]
HN60 Dave Evans SDS undercover 1998-2005 deployed into Socialist Workers Party, London Animal Action & Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty. Real name restricted.
HN61 to come SDS back office staff / manager.[28] No restriction order application made so real name will be published.[5] No application for a restriction order was made.[29]
HN64 restricted SDS undercover Deployed against one group in 1990s and reported on others.[16]
HN65 John Kerry SDS undercover 1980 - 1984 targeted Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.[30] Application made to restrict real and cover names (26 Feb 2018), published 9 July 2018[22] which Mitting is minded to grant for the real name restriction.[23] CND statement

20 Feb 2018, directions issued that applications for restriction orders to be submitted by end of Feb 2018.[3]

9 July 2018: directed that any objections to Mitting's intention to restrict the real name to be made by 20 July 2018.[9]

In March 2018, Mitting wrote:

N65 is a sexagenarian. HN65 was deployed against one group in the early 1980s. The deployment is of significant interest to the Inquiry. The group, which was well known, posed no serious threat to public order. Its embers posed,and pose, no risk to the safety of HN65. One of the issues which the Inquiry must investigate, publicly, is why HN65 was deployed against the group and what, if anything, was done with intelligence provided on it by HN65. HN65 is likely to be the principal, perhaps only, source of information about these issues. Publication of the cover name of HN65, together with the name of the group infiltrated, should prompt further information and evidence from members of the group, likely to be of value to the Inquiry.[4]

30 July 2018: final ruling that real and cover name cannot be published.[10]

HN66 cover name to come SDS undercover Deployed against a variety of groups in early / mid-2000s, none of which committed acts of serious violence. In 60s.

HN66 concerned his real name will be discovered if his cover name is released. Mitting found the fears misplaced and overstated, and if real name discovered, principle impact would be media intrusion 'falling well short of harassment'. A closed note accompanies this reasoning. Mitting thus minded to that real name cannot be published, but the application over cover name refused 'to the extent that it would prohibit disclosure of the names by which HN66 was known to members of the groups targeted'.[31]

15 Jan 2018, granted more time to provide the Inquiry with information in relation to their restriction order application.[28] Full application delayed so minded to decision not reached.[29] HN66 is the same as the NPOIU officer EN327.[32]

HN67 Alan Bond SDS undercover & manager 1981 - 1986 infiltrated Socialist Workers Party.[33] Admits to having a 'fleeting sexual encounter in his cover name with one woman who was not a member of his target group'. Later second in command of SDS for three years in 1990s. Real name restricted.
HN68 Sean Lynch SDS undercover & manager 1968-74 infiltrated Vietnam Solidarity Campaign, Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association, Irish Civil Rights Solidarity Campaign and Sinn Féin (London). Held managerial position in SDS 1982-84. Deceased.
HN69 to come SDS head of unit Chief Inspector, heading up SDS 1986-1987. In his statement to Op. Herne stated '…new recruits were instructed on how to go about obtaining false birth certificates. They would obtain details of a deceased person of a similar age from Somerset House and then use those details to go about creating their legend.' (Herne I, 3.1)[18]

11 May 2018: directed that any applications relating to HN69 to be filed by end of the month.[11] No such application was made[2][12] so real name will be published.[5] No cover name used.[13]

HN71 restricted SDS undercover Deployed against two groups in 1990s and 2000s / last 15 years of the existence of the SDS.
HN72 restricted SDS undercover and manager Deployed for short period in 1980s into one group (inferred as 1986-1987). Held significant managerial position in SDS (approx 2005/6), after Macpherson; considered to have important evidence to give regarding spying on the Lawerence family. Real and cover name restricted on health grounds.
HN76 restricted SDS undercover Deployed in last years of the SDS into one group and reported on others. Mitting has ruled real and cover name will be restricted as HN76 is a serving police officer 'engaged in sensitive duties', so it would not be in the public interest to 'put performance of those duties at risk'.[6][7][10]
HN77 Jaqueline "Jackie" Anderson SDS undercover 2000-2005 infiltrated Reclaim the Streets, Earth First! and the WOMBLES.
HN78 cover name to come SDS undercover Summer 1991-1995 deployed into left wing groups, including some near the Lawrence campaign; joined Special Branch 1986, and SDS in 1991 - leaving that unit by 1996. (Herne II, 12.2; Ellison, 6.4). Aware of Peter Francis' role; said he heard nothing indicating material to smear the Lawrences was being sought (Herne II, 21.1.14; Ellison, 6.3(p), 6.4). Considerable material from him covered in section 6.4 of the Ellison Review (Vol.1).[17][25]

Minded to (March 2018):[4]

HN78 is a sexagenarian. HN78 was deployed into two or three groups in the early 1990s. HN78 admits to a relationship with a member of the opposite sex during the deployment. The Inquiry must investigate deployments into these groups, including that of HN78... Further, members of the target groups must have the opportunity to give evidence about the deployment of HN78. To do that, they will need to know the cover name.

Decision to restrict real name but publish cover name reiterated on 6 June 2018, when Mitting wrote:[34]

I repeat the reasons set out in the "minded to" note 6 dated 22 March 2018. Further, HN78 has now provided a detailed personal statement in support of the application for a restriction order in respect of the cover name. It provides information about the reasons for the deployments referred to in paragraph 20 of "minded to" note 6, which must be explored in public. It is also necessary that the cover name of HN78 is published, to permit members of the target groups to provide evidence about the deployments and their own activities.
The reasons for the ruling are those set out in the closed note referred to in paragraph 21 of "minded to" note 6 and in the closed note which accompanies this ruling.

20 Feb 2018: directed that applications for restriction orders to be submitted by end of that month.[3]

HN79 Ross 'RossCo' MacInnes SDS undercover 2007 tasked against the United British Alliance.

22 Mar 2018: minded to: restrict real name, and noted:[4]

HN79 was the last undercover officer to be recruited into the Special Duties Squad. He was not fully deployed: the Squad was disbanded before he could be. He found the experience a stressful and unhappy one. He is a serving police officer and is concerned about the impact of the disclosure, in connection with his would-be role as an undercover officer in the Squad, of his real name on his current police duties and on his family.

20 Feb 2018: directed that applications for restriction orders to be submitted by end of that month.[3] Cover name released April 2018. Ruling of May 2018: real name restricted; application over cover name rejected.[15]

26 Feb 2018: MPS submit application to restrict real name only.

HN80 Colin Clark SDS undercover 1977 - 1982 deployed into Socialist Workers Party & Anti-Nazi League.

20 Feb 2018, directions issued that applications for restriction orders to be submitted by end of Feb 2018.[3] Cover name and groups released 26 June 2018.[35] Application made to restrict cover and real name (26 Feb 2018), published 9 July 2018[22] which Mitting is minded to grant for the real name restriction.[23]

Minded to (March 2018):[4]

HN80 is a septuagenarian. HN80 was deployed as an undercover officer against one group in the late 1970s and early 1980s and encountered and reported on many others. The deployment is of significant interest to the Inquiry because of its length and range and because, according to HN80, it involved a good deal of self-tasking. Publication of the cover name of HN80 may prompt information or evidence from those who encountered HN80 during the deployment. Publication of the real name of HN80 is not necessary to permit the Inquiry to fulfil its terms of reference and would interfere with the right ofHN80 to respect for private and family life. HN80 has expressed fears, which do not appear to be objectively justified, about the risk of violence posed by former targets and their associates. I am prepared to accept that the fears are genuinely held. On the basis of what is t present known, it would be neither proportionate nor justified under article 8(2) of the European Convention to override those fears by refusing to make a restriction order in respect of the real name.

9 July 2018: directed that any objections to Mitting's intention to restrict the real name to be made by 20 July 2018.[9]

30 July 2018: final ruling that real name cannot be published.[10]

HN81 / N81 Dave Hagan SDS undercover 1996-2001 targeted Socialist Workers Party, Class War, Movement Against the Monarchy and Movement for Justice. Referred to extensively in the Ellison Review in relation to the targeting of the family of Stephen Lawrence.
HN82 Nicholas Green SDS undercover Deployed 1982 to 1986 into Socialist Workers Party and Red Action.[36] (Previously described as being deployed against two groups in 1980s, one of which said to be violent.) Deceased. Risk assessor finds no risk to safety of his widow, but she has expressed concern all the same, and 'feels' the risk is real. Mitting in his Minded-To of March 2018 indicates the real name shall be restricted while opportunity given to widow of HN82 to make a personal representation at a closed hearing about publication of cover name. Mitting not prepared to act on something vague, but given chance HN82's real name could be discovered via his cover name, the Chair is giving her a chance to make a representation at a closed hearing in respect of the cover name. A closed note also accompanies the open reasons provided in the Minded To.[31] Subsequent to this, the Inquiry website at unknown date listed the cover name as 'to be published'.
HN83 restricted SDS undercover & back office Deployed against one group in mid-1980s; name restricted due to risk to officer's personal safety. Later in career did welfare work with SDS.
N85 / HN85 Roger Pearce a.k.a. Roger Thorley SDS undercover & manager 1979-1984 infiltrated Freedom Press and anarchist groups. Later Head of Special Branch and Director of Intelligence for Metropolitan Police Service. Mentioned in the first Operation Herne report and the Ellison Review.
HN86 restricted SDS undercover & manager SDS undercover in late 1970s / early 1980s 'against groups whose principle activities during that time are outside the terms of reference of the Inquiry'. Later Det. Ch. Insp. in operational charge of the SDS for a period in 1990s, and temporary head of S Squad. Mentioned by Herne and Ellison, inlcuding in relation to spying on the Lawrence family. Mitting has ruled the real and cover names will be restricted.
HN87 unknown SDS undercover Deployed in 1980s/1990s. Real and cover names restricted for reasons which cannot be made public.[7][10]
HN88 Timothy Spence SDS undercover 1983-1987 infiltrated the Stoke Newington and Hackney Defence Campaign and the Hackney Campaign Against the Police Bill. Real name restricted.
HN89 / N89 cover name to come SDS undercover Infiltrated far right in 1990s and 'involved in public order situations where left and right attended'; contemporary of Peter Francis who would confide in N89.[25] Deceased; real and cover name to be published as no application made to restrict details (Nov 2017 minded-to).[14]
HN90 Mark Kerry SDS undercover 1988-1992 infiltrated Socialist Workers Party and City of London Anti-Apartheid Group.[35]

20 Feb 2018, directions issued that applications for restriction orders to be submitted by end of Feb 2018.[3] Application made to restrict real name (26 Feb 2018), published 9 July 2018[22] which Mitting is minded to grant.[23]

March 2018: Mitting minded to publish cover name but restrict real name, writing:[4]

HN90 is a sexagenarian. HN90 was deployed into one group, after a short deployment in another, in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The deployment appears to have been unremarkable. The risk to the safety of HN90 arising out of it is nil or negligible. The deployment is, nevertheless, of significant interest to the Inquiry, for at least two reasons: it spanned the period during which the Cold War ended and the focus of undercover deployments may have changed; and it included reporting on Poll Tax demonstrations. Fulfilment of the terms of reference of the Inquiry requires that these issues are explored publicly and that those with whom HN90 may have interacted have the opportunity of providing information or evidence about the deployment... It does not require that the real name of HN90 is published.

9 July 2018: directed that any objections to Mitting's intention to restrict the real name to be made by 20 July 2018.[9] 30 July 2018: final ruling that real and cover name cannot be published.[10]

HN91 restricted SDS undercover Deployed against two groups in last period of SDS. Neither group poses a threat, but the officer is currently serving in a 'valuable and sensitve role' so real or cover name are to be restricted.
HN95 cover name to come[5] SDS undercover 1985-1988 deployed into Socialist Workers Party.[37]

Apr 2018: Mitting said he was minded-to refuse application to restrict real name, saying:[37]

His deployment was problematical and was terminated by his managers abruptly in 1988. He was medically retired soon after. Little or nothing is known about his current circumstances or concerns, save that it is believed he is aware of the attempts which have been made to contact him in connection with the Inquiry. If he is, he has not responded to them.
The [MPS] has made an application for a restriction order in respect of his real name. The grounds of the application are generic. They do not identify the respects, if any, in which his right to respect for his private and family life would be infringed by publication of his real name, beyond referring to a paragraph in the risk assessment created on 27 February 2018 which is, itself, generic.... I am not willing to make a restriction order on Article 8 grounds without some good reason for believing that the right to respect for private and family life would be infringed if real or cover name were published. In the case of HN95, I have no such reason. Further, the real name of HN95 and the circumstances in which he came to join and leave the [SDS] are know to responsible journalists. The latter have been put into the public domain by them. I have no reason to believe that any attempt will be made to restrain publication of that which they know - the real name of HN95. In those circumstances, it would be futile to make a restriction order in respect of the real name.

11 Jan 2018, directed restriction orders application to be submitted by end of Jan 2018.[24] Minded To (March 2018): application delayed.[31] Apr 2018: Mitting orders that HN95 'should provide notification that they his to be heard in closed hearing' by 7 May 2018, with skeleton argument setting out objections to his Minded To to reject application to restrict real name to be provided by 11 May 2018.[38]

30 July 2018: Mitting refuses to make ruling restricting real name of HN95.[39]

HN96 James Michael SDS undercover 1978-1983 infiltrated the Socialist Workers Party & Troop Out Movement.
HN91 unknown SDS undercover Deployed against two groups in last period of SDS.
HN97 restricted SDS undercover Deployed in 1980s into one group and reported on many others. Ruled that real and cover name will be restricted due to a risk to HN97 which cannot be made public.
HN99 to come SDS management / back office No application for restriction order made; real name to be published.[14] No cover name.[5]

Notes

  1. ↑ Press Release: 'Minded to' note, ruling and directions in respect of anonymity applications relating to former officers of the Special Demonstration Squad, Undercover Policing Inquiry (UCPI.org.uk), 3 August 2017.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Press notice - 'Minded to' decisions relating to anonymity applications: Special Demonstration Squad, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 21 June 2018.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad - Directions, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 20 February 2018 (accessed 1 March 2018).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Sir John Mitting, In the matter of section 19(3) of the Inquiries Act 2005 Application for restriction order in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad 'Minded To' Note 6 and Ruling 5, Undercover Policing Inquiry (UCPI.org.uk), 22 March 2018 (accessed 28 March 2018).
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 Kate Wilkinson, Counsel to the Inquiry's Explanatory Note to accompany the Chairman's 'Minded To' Note 12 in respect of applications for restrictions over the real and cover name of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad - Update as at 30 July 2018, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 30 July 2018.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 'Minded to' decisions relating to anonymity applications: Special Demonstration Squad Ruling on HN122, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 23 May 2018.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad 'Minded to' note 9 and Ruling 8, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 23 May 2018.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Sir John Mitting, Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad: Directions, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 19 April 2018.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Sir John Mitting, Applications for restriction orders in respect of real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad and of the National Public Order Intelligence Unit - Directions, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 9 July 2018.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Sir John Mitting, Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad: Minded to note 12 and Ruling 10, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 30 July 2018.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 Sir John Mitting, Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad: Directions, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 11 May 2018.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 Sir John Mitting, Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad - 'Minded To' Note 11, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 21 June 2018.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 Counsel to the Inqury's Explanatory Note to accompany the Chairman's 'Minded To' Note 9 and Ruling 8 in respect of applications for restrictions over the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and Special Demonstration Squad: Update as at 21 June 2018, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 21 June 2018.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Counsel to the Inquiry's Explanatory note to accompany the 'Minded-To' Note (2) in respect for restrictions over the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 14 November 2017.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 In the matter of section 19 (3) of the Inquiries Act 2005 Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad: Ruling, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 15 May 2018.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 In the matter of section 19 (3) of the Inquiries Act 2005 Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad ‘Minded to’ note 2, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 14 November 2017.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Mick Creedon, Operation Herne: Report 2 - Allegations of Peter Francis, Metropolitan Police Service, March 2014.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Mick Creedon, Operation Herne Report 1: Covert Identities, Metropolitan Police Service, July 2013.
  19. ↑ Peter Francis, I really do hope I actually was a #Spycops or all those years of counselling were a total waste of money! Wow just imagine if it turns out I wasn't!! My totally unwanted Police anonymity number was N43, Twitter.com, 23 January 2018.
  20. ↑ Press notice: No restriction sought over cover identities of Peter Francis, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 25 January 2018.
  21. ↑ Email to core participants, '20180605_UCPI_to_all_CPs_publishing_HN44_HN155_HN303', Undercover Policing Inquiry, 5 June 2018, referencing update of the webpage UCPI.org.uk/cover-names.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 List of documents relating to SOS officers - published 09 July 2018, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 9 July 2018.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 Publication of documents relating to anonymity applications: National Public Order Intelligence Unit & Special Demonstration Squad, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 9 July 2018.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad: Directions, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 11 January 2018.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Mark Ellison, Possible corruption and the role of undercover policing in the Stephen Lawrence case, Stephen Lawrence Independent Review, Vol. 1, Gov.UK, March 2014
  26. ↑ Undercover Policing Inquiry, Update of Cover names page, ucpi.org.uk, 17 April 2018.
  27. ↑ Press Notice: Decisions relating to anonymity applications: Special Demonstration Squad, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 25 January 2018.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Press notice - ‘Minded-to’ anonymity: Special Demonstration Squad Officers (HN13, HN296, HN304, HN339, HN340, HN354, HN356/124, HN61, HN819, HN109, HN9, HN66), Undercover Policing Inquiry, 15 January 2018.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Sir John Mitting, Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad: 'Minded to' note 3, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 15 January 2018.
  30. ↑ Email to core participants, '20180619_UCPI_to_all_CPs_HN65_HN351_HN354', Undercover Policing Inquiry, 19 June 2018, referencing update of the webpage UCPI.org.uk/cover-names.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Sir John Mitting, In the matter of section 19(3) of the Inquiries Act 2005. Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and Special Demonstration Squad - 'Minded To' Note 5, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 7 March 2018.
  32. ↑ Press Notice: 'Minded to' note: applications for restriction orders in respect of real and cover names of officers of the National Public Order Intelligence Unit and its predecessor/successor units, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 2 May 2018.
  33. ↑ Email to core participants, '20180607_UCPI_to_all_CPs_HN67_HN68_HAB_CP19', Undercover Policing Inquiry, 7 June 2018, referencing update of the webpage UCPI.org.uk/cover-names.
  34. ↑ Sir John Mitting, Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad - 'Minded To' note 10 and Ruling 9, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 6 June 2018.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Email to core participants, '20180626_UCPI_to_all_CPs_publishing_HN80_HN88_HN90_HN106_HN340', Undercover Policing Inquiry, 26 June 2018, referencing update of the webpage UCPI.org.uk/cover-names.
  36. ↑ Email to core participants, '20180814-UCPI_to_all_CPs-HN82_cover_name', Undercover Policing Inquiry, 14 August 2018, referencing update of the webpage UCPI.org.uk/cover-names.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Sir John Mitting, In the matter of section 19(3) of the Inquiries Act 2005 Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad - 'Minded to' note 8, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 26 April 2018.
  38. ↑ Sir John Mitting, In the matter of section 19(3) of the Inquiries Act 2005 Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstrations Squad Directions following publication of 'Minded to' note 8, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 26 April 2018.
  39. ↑ Sir John Mitting, Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Operations Squad and the Special Demonstration Squad: Minded to note 12 and Ruling 10, Undercover Policing Inquiry, 30 July 2018.
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