Difference between revisions of "Samuel Finer"

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Professor '''Samuel Edward Finer''' (1915–1993) was a political scientist and historian who was instrumental in advancing political studies as an academic subject in the United Kingdom, pioneering the study of UK political institutions. His most notable work is ''The History of Government from the Earliest Times'' – a three-volume comparative analysis of all significant government systems.   
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Professor '''Samuel Edward Finer''' (1915–1993) was a political scientist and historian who was instrumental in advancing political studies as an academic subject in the United Kingdom, pioneering the study of UK political institutions. His most notable work is ''The History of Government from the Earliest Times'' – a three-volume comparative analysis of all significant government systems. He wrote one of the first studies of lobbying in the UK (Anonymous Empire).   
  
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Finer was also active in right wing politics, being an early member of the Council of the intelligence connected [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]] in 1970. (Richard Cockett, Thinking the Unthinkable, p. 224)
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Finer was also active in right wing politics, being an early member of the Council of the intelligence connected [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]] in 1970. <ref>Richard Cockett, Thinking the Unthinkable, p. 224</ref>
  
 
== Life==
 
== Life==
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Born [[22 September]] [[1915]], Finer was the third son of poor [[Romania|Romanian]] [[Jew|Jewish]] parents who had emigrated to the [[United Kingdom]], and who ran a greengrocer's stall at Chapel Street market, [[Islington]]. One of his brothers, [[Herman Finer|Herman]], was also a distinguished political scientist. Although Herman emigrated to the [[United States|USA]], his achievement was, according to Finer, an early source of inspiration.{{ref|1}}
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Born 22 September 1915, Finer was the third son of poor Romanian Jewish parents who had emigrated to the United Kingdom, and who ran a greengrocer's stall at Chapel Street market, Islington. One of his brothers, [[Herman Finer|Herman]], was also a distinguished political scientist. Although Herman emigrated to the USA, his achievement was, according to Finer, an early source of inspiration.<ref>[http://rylibweb.man.ac.uk/data2/archivehub/finhub.sgm University of Manchester, The John Rylands University Library, SGML document on Finer papers with biographical details]</ref>
  
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Finer went to [[Holloway School]], where he won a scholarship to [[Trinity College, Oxford]]. He obtained a double first in modern history and modern [[Literae Humaniores|Greats]]. After this, he began researching Sir [[Edwin Chadwick]], a [[Benthamite]] civil servant. During [[World War II]] he served in the [[Royal Corps of Signals|Royal Signals]], where he attained the rank of captain. From [[1946]] to [[1950]], he taught politics at [[Balliol College, Oxford]], acquiring an impressive reputation as a teacher and lecturer. From 1950 to [[1966]] he served as [[Professor]] of Political Institutions at the new University College of North Staffordshire (now [[Keele University]]). In 1966 he became head of the Department of Government at the [[University of Manchester]], successfully contributing to the revival of its reputation. In [[1974]], he was made Gladstone Professor of Government and Administration at the [[University of Oxford]]. He retired from this post in [[1982]], but continued writing – see ''History of Government'' below.  
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Finer went to Holloway School, where he won a scholarship to [[Trinity College, Oxford]]. He obtained a double first in modern history and modern Greats. After this, he began researching Sir [[Edwin Chadwick]], a Benthamite civil servant. During World War II he served in the [[Royal Corps of Signals|Royal Signals]], where he attained the rank of captain. From 1946 to 1950, he taught politics at Balliol College, Oxford, acquiring an impressive reputation as a teacher and lecturer. From 1950 to 1966 he served as Professor of Political Institutions at the new University College of North Staffordshire (now Keele University). In 1966 he became head of the Department of Government at the University of Manchester, successfully contributing to the revival of its reputation. In 1974, he was made Gladstone Professor of Government and Administration at the University of Oxford. He retired from this post in 1982, but continued writing – see ''History of Government'' below.  
  
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He has been described as a charismatic lecturer and a very effective administrator. He believed that the academic study of politics required a firm grounding in history, and was sceptical of attempts to convert the subject into a science based on such deterministic frameworks as [[Marxism]] and [[behavioralism]].  
+
He has been described as a charismatic lecturer and a very effective administrator. He believed that the academic study of politics required a firm grounding in history, and was sceptical of attempts to convert the subject into a science based on such deterministic frameworks as Marxism and behavioralism.  
  
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He was chairman of the [[Political Studies Association]] of the UK from [[1965]] to [[1969]] and was a vice-president of the [[International Political Science Association]].  
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He was chairman of the [[Political Studies Association]] of the UK from 1965 to 1969 and was a vice-president of the [[International Political Science Association]].  
  
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Sammy Finer was a passionate [[liberal democracy|liberal democrat]] and supporter of the causes of [[electoral reform]] and [[Zionism]]. He was twice married and had two sons. He died on [[9 June]] [[1993]], aged 77, leaving a widow, Catherine.
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Sammy Finer was a supporter of the causes of electoral reform and Zionism. He was twice married and had two sons. He died on 9 June 1993, aged 77, leaving a widow, Catherine.
  
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== Masterwork ==
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== Writings ==
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Finer's magnum opus, ''The History of Government from the Earliest Times'', is a comparative analysis of all significant civilised government systems, past and present. Polities covered include the [[Sumer|Sumerian]] city states, the kingdom of [[Ancient Egypt]], the [[Assyria|Assyrian Empire]], the kingdoms of [[History of ancient Israel and Judah|Israel and Judah]], the [[Achaemenid dynasty|Persian Empire]], the [[Ancient Greece|Classical Greek]] city republics, the republic and empire of [[Ancient Rome|Rome]], the Chinese Empire under the [[Han Dynasty|Han]], the [[Tang Dynasty|Tang]], the [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] and the [[Qing Dynasty|Qing]], the [[Byzantine Empire]], the Arab [[Caliphate]], [[Mamluk#Mamluks in Egypt|Mamluk]] Egypt, the [[Europe|European]] [[feudalism|feudal]] kingdoms (including the emergence of [[representative assembly|representative assemblies]]), the Italian Mediaeval/Renaissance city republics (e.g. [[History of Florence|Florence]] and [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]), [[Edo Period|Tokugawa Japan]], the [[Ottoman Empire]], the [[Mughal Empire]], and the modern state as it emerged in Europe, including themes of [[political absolutism|absolute]] versus [[parliament|parliamentary]] monarchy, the transplantation of European state models overseas, the [[Age of Enlightenment]], the [[American Revolution|American]] and [[French Revolution|French]] revolutions, the [[constitutional monarchy|constitutionalisation]] of the European monarchies, and [[industrialisation]].  
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Finer's magnum opus, ''The History of Government from the Earliest Times'', is a comparative analysis of all significant civilised government systems, past and present.  
  
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The conceptual prologue includes a classification of government systems in terms of combinations of four elements: Palace (monarchy), Forum (democracy), Church (organised religion) and Nobility. Government is not analysed in isolation but explained in the context of economics, technology, agriculture, geography, religion, law, warfare, etc. – giving a complete picture of how a state works as a mechanism, explained in language designed to be highly accessible to a sufficiently determined general reader.  
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''History of Government'' was many years in the making. It is approximately 1,700 pages long. The herculean programme of research, consultation and writing consumed Finer's retirement years 1982-93. Slowed down by heart disease including a serious heart attack in 1987, he was only able to complete 34 out of the projected 36 chapters, but the result is nevertheless a 'block-buster'.
  
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''History of Government'' was many years in the making. It is approximately 1,700 pages long. The herculean programme of research, consultation and writing consumed Finer's retirement years 1982-93. Slowed down by heart disease including a serious heart attack in 1987, he was only able to complete 34 out of the projected 36 chapters, but the result is nevertheless a 'block-buster'. (The missing two chapters would have been on the exportation of the modern state model outside the 'West', and on the variations on the theme of modern [[totalitarianism]].) Finer had hoped that it would be a single volume, but it was found to be impossible to reduce the material to less than the three volumes in which it was finally published. The preface to the work gives an idea of what efforts went into the project, and how it was rescued and published after the author's death.
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== Publications ==
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== Works ==
 
 
* ''A Primer of Public Administration'', 1950 (ISBN 0-8371-9492-X, 1977)
 
* ''A Primer of Public Administration'', 1950 (ISBN 0-8371-9492-X, 1977)
 
* ''The Life and Times of Sir Edwin Chadwick'', 1952 (ISBN 0-416-17350-0, 1970) – the outcome of Finer's postgraduate research
 
* ''The Life and Times of Sir Edwin Chadwick'', 1952 (ISBN 0-416-17350-0, 1970) – the outcome of Finer's postgraduate research
 
* ''Local Government in England and Wales'' (joint author), 1953 (ISBN 0-19-889159-8)
 
* ''Local Government in England and Wales'' (joint author), 1953 (ISBN 0-19-889159-8)
 
* ''Anonymous Empire: A Study of the Lobby in Great Britain'', 1958 – a ground-breaking study of political lobbying in the UK
 
* ''Anonymous Empire: A Study of the Lobby in Great Britain'', 1958 – a ground-breaking study of political lobbying in the UK
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* ''Private Industry and Political Power'', 1958
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* ''[http://www.spinprofiles.org/images/f/f4/Finer.pdf Private Industry and Political Power]'', 1958, The Ramsay Muir Memorial Lecture
 
* ''Backbench Opinion in the House of Commons, 1955-59'', 1961
 
* ''Backbench Opinion in the House of Commons, 1955-59'', 1961
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* ''The Man on Horseback: The Role of the Military in Politics'', 1962 (ISBN 0-86187-967-8, 1988) – short but very original
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* ''The Man on Horseback: The Role of the Military in Politics'', 1962 (ISBN 0-86187-967-8, 1988) , London: Pall Mall Press.
 
* ''Vilfredo Pareto: Sociological Writings'' (selector), 1966 – the writings of an Italian sociologist
 
* ''Vilfredo Pareto: Sociological Writings'' (selector), 1966 – the writings of an Italian sociologist
 
* ''Comparative Government: An Introduction to the Study of Politics'', 1970 (ISBN 0-14-021170-5, 1974) – a successful textbook
 
* ''Comparative Government: An Introduction to the Study of Politics'', 1970 (ISBN 0-14-021170-5, 1974) – a successful textbook
 
* ''Adversary Politics and Electoral Reform'' (editor), 1975 (ISBN 0-9504469-0-4)
 
* ''Adversary Politics and Electoral Reform'' (editor), 1975 (ISBN 0-9504469-0-4)
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* ''On Terrorism'', New Society, 22 January 1976.
 
* ''Five Constitutions: Contrasts and Comparisons'' (editor), 1979 (ISBN 0-14-022203-0)
 
* ''Five Constitutions: Contrasts and Comparisons'' (editor), 1979 (ISBN 0-14-022203-0)
 
* ''The Changing British Party System, 1945-1979'', 1980 (ISBN 0-8447-3368-7)
 
* ''The Changing British Party System, 1945-1979'', 1980 (ISBN 0-8447-3368-7)
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* ''Electoral System'' (audio cassette, joint author), 1982 (ISBN 1-86013-296-0)
 
* ''Electoral System'' (audio cassette, joint author), 1982 (ISBN 1-86013-296-0)
 
* ''Comparing Constitutions'' (editor), 1995 (ISBN 0-19-876344-1)
 
* ''Comparing Constitutions'' (editor), 1995 (ISBN 0-19-876344-1)
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* ''The History of Government from the Earliest Times'', 1997 (ISBN 0-19-822904-6 three-volume set, hardback) – Finer's retirement project and magnum opus, unfinished and published posthumously
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* ''The History of Government from the Earliest Times'', 1997 (ISBN 0-19-822904-6 three-volume set, hardback) – Finer's retirement project, unfinished and published posthumously
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== References, links and notes==
  
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== References ==
 
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#{{note|1}} [http://rylibweb.man.ac.uk/data2/archivehub/finhub.sgm University of Manchester, The John Rylands University Library, SGML document on Finer papers with biographical details]
 
  
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== External links ==
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=== External links ===
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* Dennis Kavanagh [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-professor-samuel-finer-1490939.html Obituary: Professor Samuel Finer] ''The Independent''  Friday 11 June 1993.
 
* [http://rylibweb.man.ac.uk/data2/spcoll/finer/ University of Manchester, The John Rylands University Library, notes on Finer papers]
 
* [http://rylibweb.man.ac.uk/data2/spcoll/finer/ University of Manchester, The John Rylands University Library, notes on Finer papers]
 
* [http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/spire/Finer/The_Finer_Memorial_Lecture.htm University of Keele, School of Politics, International Relations and Philosophy, The Finer Memorial Lecture]
 
* [http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/spire/Finer/The_Finer_Memorial_Lecture.htm University of Keele, School of Politics, International Relations and Philosophy, The Finer Memorial Lecture]
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===Notes===
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<references/>
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[[category:Terrorologist|Finer, Samuel]]
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[[category:Israel Lobby|Finer, Samuel]]
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[[category:Academics|Finer, Samuel]]
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[[Category:Terrorism Spin|Finer, Samuel]]

Latest revision as of 10:19, 26 April 2015

Professor Samuel Edward Finer (1915–1993) was a political scientist and historian who was instrumental in advancing political studies as an academic subject in the United Kingdom, pioneering the study of UK political institutions. His most notable work is The History of Government from the Earliest Times – a three-volume comparative analysis of all significant government systems. He wrote one of the first studies of lobbying in the UK (Anonymous Empire).

Finer was also active in right wing politics, being an early member of the Council of the intelligence connected Institute for the Study of Conflict in 1970. [1]

Life

Born 22 September 1915, Finer was the third son of poor Romanian Jewish parents who had emigrated to the United Kingdom, and who ran a greengrocer's stall at Chapel Street market, Islington. One of his brothers, Herman, was also a distinguished political scientist. Although Herman emigrated to the USA, his achievement was, according to Finer, an early source of inspiration.[2]

Finer went to Holloway School, where he won a scholarship to Trinity College, Oxford. He obtained a double first in modern history and modern Greats. After this, he began researching Sir Edwin Chadwick, a Benthamite civil servant. During World War II he served in the Royal Signals, where he attained the rank of captain. From 1946 to 1950, he taught politics at Balliol College, Oxford, acquiring an impressive reputation as a teacher and lecturer. From 1950 to 1966 he served as Professor of Political Institutions at the new University College of North Staffordshire (now Keele University). In 1966 he became head of the Department of Government at the University of Manchester, successfully contributing to the revival of its reputation. In 1974, he was made Gladstone Professor of Government and Administration at the University of Oxford. He retired from this post in 1982, but continued writing – see History of Government below.

He has been described as a charismatic lecturer and a very effective administrator. He believed that the academic study of politics required a firm grounding in history, and was sceptical of attempts to convert the subject into a science based on such deterministic frameworks as Marxism and behavioralism.

He was chairman of the Political Studies Association of the UK from 1965 to 1969 and was a vice-president of the International Political Science Association.

Sammy Finer was a supporter of the causes of electoral reform and Zionism. He was twice married and had two sons. He died on 9 June 1993, aged 77, leaving a widow, Catherine.

Writings

Finer's magnum opus, The History of Government from the Earliest Times, is a comparative analysis of all significant civilised government systems, past and present.

History of Government was many years in the making. It is approximately 1,700 pages long. The herculean programme of research, consultation and writing consumed Finer's retirement years 1982-93. Slowed down by heart disease including a serious heart attack in 1987, he was only able to complete 34 out of the projected 36 chapters, but the result is nevertheless a 'block-buster'.

Publications

  • A Primer of Public Administration, 1950 (ISBN 0-8371-9492-X, 1977)
  • The Life and Times of Sir Edwin Chadwick, 1952 (ISBN 0-416-17350-0, 1970) – the outcome of Finer's postgraduate research
  • Local Government in England and Wales (joint author), 1953 (ISBN 0-19-889159-8)
  • Anonymous Empire: A Study of the Lobby in Great Britain, 1958 – a ground-breaking study of political lobbying in the UK
  • Private Industry and Political Power, 1958, The Ramsay Muir Memorial Lecture
  • Backbench Opinion in the House of Commons, 1955-59, 1961
  • The Man on Horseback: The Role of the Military in Politics, 1962 (ISBN 0-86187-967-8, 1988) , London: Pall Mall Press.
  • Vilfredo Pareto: Sociological Writings (selector), 1966 – the writings of an Italian sociologist
  • Comparative Government: An Introduction to the Study of Politics, 1970 (ISBN 0-14-021170-5, 1974) – a successful textbook
  • Adversary Politics and Electoral Reform (editor), 1975 (ISBN 0-9504469-0-4)
  • On Terrorism, New Society, 22 January 1976.
  • Five Constitutions: Contrasts and Comparisons (editor), 1979 (ISBN 0-14-022203-0)
  • The Changing British Party System, 1945-1979, 1980 (ISBN 0-8447-3368-7)
  • Parties and Interest Groups (audio cassette, joint author), 1982 (ISBN 1-86013-297-9)
  • Electoral System (audio cassette, joint author), 1982 (ISBN 1-86013-296-0)
  • Comparing Constitutions (editor), 1995 (ISBN 0-19-876344-1)
  • The History of Government from the Earliest Times, 1997 (ISBN 0-19-822904-6 three-volume set, hardback) – Finer's retirement project, unfinished and published posthumously

References, links and notes

External links

Notes

  1. ↑ Richard Cockett, Thinking the Unthinkable, p. 224
  2. ↑ University of Manchester, The John Rylands University Library, SGML document on Finer papers with biographical details
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