Population Matters

This article is part of the Climate project of Spinwatch.

The Optimum Population Trust is a high flying think tank and charity promoting population control (and ultimately population decrease) as an environmental measure, but also as beneficial for the economy, development and for other social reasons. Sir David Attenborough became a patron of the organisation in April 2009 and has been effective in promoting it's work since then.

According to its website as of December 2009 the main aims of the OPT are:

1. To advance the education of the public in issues relating to human population worldwide and its impact on environmental sustainability;
2. To advance, promote and encourage research to determine optimum and ecologically sustainable human population levels in all or any part or parts of the world and to publicise the results of such research;
3. To advance environmental protection by promoting policies in the United Kingdom or any other part or parts of the world which will lead or contribute to the achievement of stable human population levels which allow environmental sustainability.

History

The trust was set up in 1991 by David Willey (now deceased) to monitor and discuss population and human carrying capacity. Their website states:

'The need for this function was seen in the failure of UK governments to act on the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Population in 1949, the Parliamentary Select Committee on Science and Technology in 1971 and the Government Population Panel in 1973 to set up a mechanism for monitoring and policy guidance on issues affected by population changes - such as welfare, education, labour supply, population ageing, immigration and impact on the environment.

The need was also seen in a general neglect of the role of population pressure by bodies concerned with the relief of poverty and protection of the environment, and the consequent tendency of those bodies to promote ineffective or counterproductive policies.'

Population and environment

The OPT's chair Roger Martin has appeared at such high-powered events as the Global Humanitarian Forum in June 2009 as well as in numerous newsrooms and papers pushing the OPT's points. In particular he re-uses the buzz line:

'there is not a single environmental problem that would not be easier to solve with fewer people, or harder and ultimately impossible to solve, with more'.

He claims that there is a 'disillusioned' taboo on discussing the impact of population on the environment, and advocates an end to this taboo, an open discussion on how to reduce population growth worldwide, and promotes non-coercive policies which will support this (through contraception and education).

The OPT's central tenet is the assumption that all environmental impacts can be divided into the impact of each person multiplied by the number of people. Therefore reducing population immediately reduces impact.. This assumption does not account for the role of government policy, mega-corporations and other organisations who create the demand for goods through advertising and major deals which are out of the public sphere, such as weapons/defense contracts (the arms and war industry is the biggest polluter and carbon emitter worldwide).

Further, the emphasis on population reduction as a climate change solution assumes a steady increase in carbon consumption per person, and plays into the hands of industry lobbies who are unwilling to limit their carbon emissions, similarly blaming supply and demand. At the Global Humanitarian Forum Roger Martin contradicts his earlier point that population reduction means carbon reduction when he says 'every person not born in the future means there's more carbon for the rest of us', implying more concern over the prolonged consumption based wealth of the West, than the damaging planetary effects of increasing carbon use and emissions.

UK population reduction policy

The OPT advocates stabilising and then reducing the UK population to an 'environmentally sustainable level' by:

• Zero net migration (balanced by allowing the same number of people into the country as the number who leave each year);

• A reduction in unplanned pregnancies, particularly among teenagers, where they are still among the highest in Europe;

• Encouragement to parents to voluntarily "Stop at Two" children to reduce the impact of family size on population growth and the environment.

OPT argue that the UK has outstretched its carrying capacity and cannot sustainably support its current population with is limited resources. Others argue that it is the current unsustainable level of resource consumption which is the problem, and we need to cut down our consumption and wealthy and wasteful lifestyles not our population per say.

A number of upper class environmentalists (much of the demographic of the PTO) have been associated with anti-immigration policies which have been criticised as 'protectionist' or even 'eco-fascist', sentiments potentially related to the territorial nature of their landowning roots.

Others have argued vehemently against strong migration controls which can be seen as a denial of the human rights of refugees and economic migrants, who's own countries have often suffered from British wars, or exploitative companies.

Contraception as carbon offsetting

In December 2009 OPT made headlines by suggesting that reducing population growth in the global South (particularly Africa) will have a large impact on carbon emissions, with the least economic cost. Their report 'Fewer Emitters, Lower Emissions, Less Cost' suggests that 'every £4 spent on family planning saves one tonne of CO2. A similar reduction would require an £8 investment in tree planting, £15 in wind power, £31 in solar energy and £56 in hybrid vehicle technology.'

The calculations (carried out by London School of Economics MSc student Thomas Wire) claim that 'the 10 tonnes emitted by a return flight from London to Sydney would be offset by enabling the avoidance of one unwanted birth in a country such as Kenya'.

In response, Friends of the Earth's Head of Climate Change Mike Childs said:

The idea of paying for birth control in developing countries to offset carbon-intensive lifestyles in rich countries is repugnant. Rich countries caused climate change and their reluctance to cut their own emissions is pushing the planet to the brink of climate chaos.

G8 countries make up 13 per cent of the world's population yet account for 45 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions. The problem lies with high consumer lifestyles in the rich world - not with growing populations in poorer countries.

The critical challenge is reducing the massive over-consumption of resources by people in rich nations. Rich countries have a legal and moral responsibility to lead on tackling climate change by making huge and swift cuts in their own emissions.

Carbon offsetting is a neo-liberal market based solution to climate change, which advocates the continuation of carbon intense, and polluting industry and lifestyles in the West, offset by projects which aim to prevent or reduce carbon emissions, usually in the global South. A Horizon special hosted by David Attenborough on 9th Dec 09 further explored the idea of population control for carbon reduction.

Affiliations

The OPT is a partner in the Global Footprint Network.

Patrons

According to their website as of December 2009;

• Sir David Attenborough OM CH CVO CBE, Naturalist, broadcaster and trustee of the British Museum and Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew; and a former controller of BBC Two.
• Professor Sir Partha Dasgupta, Frank Ramsey Professor of Economics, University of Cambridge
• Professor Paul Ehrlich, Professor of Population Studies, Stanford University
• Dr Jane Goodall DBE, Founder, Jane Goodall Institute, and UN Messenger of Peace.
• Susan Hampshire OBE, Actress and population campaigner
• Professor John Guillebaud Former Co-chair of OPT, Emeritus Professor of Family Planning and Reproductive Health, University College, London. Former Medical Director, Margaret Pyke Centre for Family Planning.
• Dr James Lovelock CBE Scientist and environmentalist known for proposing the Gaia theory that Earth functions as an organism, and author of 'The Revenge of Gaia'.
• Professor Aubrey Manning OBE, President of the Wildlife Trusts and Emeritus Professor of Natural History, University of Edinburgh
• Professor Norman Myers CMG, Visiting Fellow, Green College, Oxford University, and at Universities of Harvard, Cornell, Stanford, California, Michigan and Texas
• Sara Parkin OBE, Founder Director and Trustee of Forum for the Future and Director of the Natural Environment Research Council and the Leadership Foundation for Higher Education and Head Teachers into Industry.
• Jonathon Porritt CBE, Founder Director of Forum for the Future and former Chair of the UK Sustainable Development Commission.
• Sir Crispin Tickell GCMG KCVO, Chancellor of Kent University, Director of the Policy Foresight Programme at the James Martin Institute, and former UK Permanent Representative on the United Nations Security Council

Board of Trustees

• Roger Martin, CHAIR OF TRUSTEES, was a senior diplomat, resigning 20 years ago; becoming a leading environmentalist in the South-West and serving on many green NGOs and quangos.
• Professor Stephen Bown Professor of Laser Medicine at University College London
• Harry Cripps MA MSc DMS CEng CEnv FIChemE MEI, chemical engineer, energy efficiency consultant and chartered environmentalist
• Dr Pippa Hayes is a full-time general practitioner in Devon and mother of two teenage boys.
• Rosemary Horsey is married to a doctor with two children and four grandchildren, two of them adopted. She has worked as a volunteer in environmental NGOs for almost all her adult life.
• Garry Jones BA MA (Cantab) works for a major eNGO, encouraging a greater connection between people and environment. He is also actively involved in the local voluntary sector in Staffordshire.
• Simon Ross is an established management consultant providing organisational strategy and performance improvement to the public and private sectors.
• Alan Stedall is an IT Director and has led a number of large-scale systems projects for several UK businesses.
• Yvette Willey, Company Secretary, Treasurer and Membership Secretary. Yvette Willey has been with OPT since its foundation and is a businesswoman with treasury and accounts experience.

Advisory Council

• Catherine Budgett-Meakin,Senior Advisor, Population & Sustainability Network (supported by the Margaret Pyke Memorial Trust)
• Martin Chilcott, Chairman & CEO, Meltwater Ventures & 2degrees.
• Patrick Curry PhD lives in London and lectures in Religious Studies at the University of Kent. He is the author of 'Ecological Ethics: An Introduction', Polity, 2006.
• Martin Desvaux PhD CPhys is a physicist experienced in life assessment techniques for power generation, petrochemical and plant, and formerly a director of ERA Technology and a Trustee of OPT. He now researches ecological issues.
• Rosamund McDougall, Former Co-chair and Policy Director of OPT, writer and speaker on population issues, publisher, international financial journalist (The Banker, Financial Times) and campaigner (Family Planning Association).
• Rajamani Nagarajah, Health and development consultant to the European Commission and former Director of Population Concern.
• Nick Reeves, Executive Director of the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM) and writer on environmental affairs.
• John Rowley, Founder/Editor of www.peopleandplanet.net and former Editor, People magazine (International Planned Parenthood Federation)
• William Ryerson (USA), Founder and president of Population Media Center, William Ryerson has worked to promote population stabilisation for four decades, with an emphasis on social change communications.
• Alastair Service CBE, former Chairman of the Family Planning Association
• Valerie Stevens former Co-chair and Chair of OPT, Valerie Stevens also worked in Friends of the Earth for 20 years, five of them spent as an elected member of the board of directors, and has long experience of political campaigning.

Others

• David Nicholson-Lord Policy Director, Former Environment Editor, Independent on Sunday, Deputy Chair of the New Economics Foundation and Chair of the Urban Wildlife Network.

• David Burton an environmental strategist and member of the Optimum Population Trust. Wrote guardian article advocating carbon offsetting through contraception measures.

Funding

OPT states that it is financed by its members, that it receives funding neither from the government nor from any political or business interests, and that it is not affiliated to any other organisation (except as a partner in the Global Footprint Network).

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