Powerbase:Libel

Template:SpinProfiles:Help It would be catastrophic if Spinwatch were sued as a result of having libelous statements in its articles.

If you repeat something libelous you can be held responsible for it. It is no excuse in law to argue that it was published, for example, in The Guardian first. Also, the main libel defence in the UK – that of Reynolds Privilege – states that people must take any accusations to the person concerned before publication. The nature of a Wiki like Spinprofiles is that we cannot do this. So we need to be extra careful in tone, as well as in the substance of any allegations.

Even without lawsuits, our opponents can cause serious problems for us. Often, web hosts or Internet Service Providers (ISPs) will simply remove a site from the internet if someone contacts them saying it contains libelous material. Silencing critical websites in this way is often the real goal of the accusers. In such cases, it is up to the accused organization (Spinwatch) to prove to the web host or ISP that their material is not libelous. This can take months or years and tie up valuable time and resources.

We aim to prevent legal problems arising by having all writers adhere to the following guidelines.

Don’t make statements you can’t back up with evidence

Any contentious or unflattering statement must be backed by evidence. Provide references to sources and ensure that you are using sources correctly, i.e. accurately representing what they say. Also if the person / organisation / company etc. has denied the accusation in material you are quoting from (or later in a letter of clarification or a correction note), this should be reflected in the article you write.

Quote accurately

Take care to quote people or printed material accurately, and to represent their views correctly. Misquotations can be used as an excuse to sue, or even (in the case of world leaders) an excuse to threaten war.

A notorious example of misquotation, helped along by the language barrier, arose from a statement by Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who became the president of Iran in 2005. He was widely quoted in the Western press and by Western political leaders as making a statement that was translated as, “Israel must be wiped off the face of the map.”

But Juan Cole, a professor of modern Middle East and South Asian history at the University of Michigan, said, “Ahmadinejad did not say that ‘Israel must be wiped off the map’ with the implication that phrase has of Nazi-style extermination of a people. He said that the occupation regime over Jerusalem must be erased from the page of time.”

In other words, according to Cole, Ahmadinejad was talking about the end of the Zionist regime, which could occur of its own accord, rather than destroying the state of Israel.

Don’t quote out of context

Take care not to quote people or printed material out of context, thereby changing their/its meaning. Spinprofiles authors will be very familiar with this practice, as engaged in by the people and organizations that they work to expose. That’s all the more reason why Spinprofiles authors must not be caught doing the same.

An example of quoting out of context is US President George W. Bush’s attempt to justify his failure to take action on global warming by quoting a National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report of 2001. Bush's press secretary Ari Fleischer claimed the report, which mentioned “natural variability” in climate, was “inconclusive” about whether humans or natural causes were responsible for global warming.

But in fact, the NAS report did blame human activities for the major part of global warming, as is clear from the full context of the quote:

“Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth's atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise. Temperatures are, in fact, rising. The changes observed over the last several decades are likely mostly due to human activities, but we cannot rule out that some significant part of these changes are also a reflection of natural variability. Human-induced warming and associated sea level rises are expected to continue through the 21st century…The committee generally agrees with the assessment of human-caused climate change presented in the IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] … report."

The IPCC report with which the NAS is agreeing concluded, in a statement completely at odds with Bush’s claim, “The Earth’s climate system has demonstrably changed on both global and regional scales since the pre-industrial era, with some of these changes attributable to human activities.”

Be specific about sources

Backing up your statements with evidence does not mean just inserting a weblink to an entire website, book, or article in the hope that your reader will trawl through it in a search for the relevant evidence. This is equivalent to reporting a murder to the police and telling them that the body is somewhere in London. Please extract the relevant quote or section and present it clearly. Give specific references to page numbers, etc.

Choose sources with care

Not all sources carry equal credibility. Please read the detailed guidelines on choosing sources for Spinprofiles articles at http://www.spinprofiles.org/index.php/Help:Contents#What_is_reputable.3F

If in doubt, ask me (claire.robinson@spinprofiles.org) or your portal editor.

IF YOU SEE A STATEMENT ON ANY SPINPROFILES PAGE THAT YOU THINK MAY BE LIBELOUS OR GET US INTO TROUBLE, PLEASE CONTACT ME IMMEDIATELY, IN CONFIDENCE. BETTER SAFE THAN SORRY!

Referencing

Please read the comprehensive guide to referencing Spinprofiles articles here

A_Guide_to_Referencing