Difference between revisions of "Special Reconnaissance Unit"

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(SAS involvement)
(4 Field Survey Troop/SAS/People)
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Most accounts refer to what is clearly the same unit by a variety of cover names. The clearest account of these is perhaps in [[Mark Urban]]'s ''Big Boys' Rules''. According to Urban, the NITAT name was replaced in 1978 or 1979 by [[Intelligence and Security Group (NI)]] or [[Int and Sy Group]]. As with NITAT, there were genuine Int and Sy Groups in England and Germany. In the early 1980s, this name was replaced in turn by [[14 Intelligence and Security Company]]:
 
Most accounts refer to what is clearly the same unit by a variety of cover names. The clearest account of these is perhaps in [[Mark Urban]]'s ''Big Boys' Rules''. According to Urban, the NITAT name was replaced in 1978 or 1979 by [[Intelligence and Security Group (NI)]] or [[Int and Sy Group]]. As with NITAT, there were genuine Int and Sy Groups in England and Germany. In the early 1980s, this name was replaced in turn by [[14 Intelligence and Security Company]]:
 
::The name, usually contracted in speech to [[14 Intelligence Company]], 14 Company of simply 14 Int, became widely used within the Army. Indeed most people who have worked with the Army in Northern Ireland know it as such and that is why I will use this name, even to describe activities in the mid 1970s before the Army adopted it. This cover name suggested an analogy with [[12 Intelligence and Security Company]], a unit of report writers, index keepers and computer programmers rather than an organized force of undercover surveillance specialists.<ref>Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.39.</ref>
 
::The name, usually contracted in speech to [[14 Intelligence Company]], 14 Company of simply 14 Int, became widely used within the Army. Indeed most people who have worked with the Army in Northern Ireland know it as such and that is why I will use this name, even to describe activities in the mid 1970s before the Army adopted it. This cover name suggested an analogy with [[12 Intelligence and Security Company]], a unit of report writers, index keepers and computer programmers rather than an organized force of undercover surveillance specialists.<ref>Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.39.</ref>
 +
 +
Urban also states that [[4 Field Survey Troop]] was a cover name for the [[3 Brigade (Northern Ireland)|3 Brigade]] detachment of the unit during 1974.<ref>Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.40.</ref>
  
 
==SAS involvement==
 
==SAS involvement==
 
The SRU has had a close relationship with the [[SAS]] which has been the subject of some confusion. The first evidence came to light on 19 March 1974 when [[Robert Fisk]] reported in ''The Times'' that SAS members had been sent secretly to Northern Ireland "to serve as military undercover intelligence agents in Belfast and Londonderry:
 
The SRU has had a close relationship with the [[SAS]] which has been the subject of some confusion. The first evidence came to light on 19 March 1974 when [[Robert Fisk]] reported in ''The Times'' that SAS members had been sent secretly to Northern Ireland "to serve as military undercover intelligence agents in Belfast and Londonderry:
 
::Between 40 and 50 SAS men are serving in Northern Ireland. Attched to various regular army battalions on the province, they are operating mostly in plain clothes,carrying out patrols in civilian cars, keeping watch on the homes of suspected IRA men and Protestant extremists and, on some occasions, assuming false identities in order to  gather information in republican and loyalist districts.<ref>Robert Fisk, SAS men serve in Ulster as undercover agents, The Times, 19 March 1974.</ref>  
 
::Between 40 and 50 SAS men are serving in Northern Ireland. Attched to various regular army battalions on the province, they are operating mostly in plain clothes,carrying out patrols in civilian cars, keeping watch on the homes of suspected IRA men and Protestant extremists and, on some occasions, assuming false identities in order to  gather information in republican and loyalist districts.<ref>Robert Fisk, SAS men serve in Ulster as undercover agents, The Times, 19 March 1974.</ref>  
 +
 +
The April 1974 briefing states:
 +
::Men who have served with the SAS are serving in the SRU but no SAS units are operating in Northern Ireland. One officer and 30 soldiers serving with the SRU since early January are due to resume service with [[22 SAS]]by 7 April. Their presence with the SRU went undetected until the Robert Fisk article in "The Times" on 19 March.<ref>[[Image:PREM16slash154.pdf]] National Archives PREM 16/154 Defensive Brief D Meeting between the Prime Minister and the Taoiseach 5 April 1974 Army Plain Clothes Patrols in Northern Ireland.</ref>
 +
 +
Attached to the briefing was a statement, which had been passed to the Irish [[Department of Foreign Affairs]]. It stated: “The facts are as follows. No SAS unit has been or is stationed in Northern Ireland.” The statement added that the policy had been not to use former SAS personnel on plain-clothes duties until two or three years after their service with the regiment had ended, but that in the past three months “use has been made of a number of volunteers, whose experience has been acquired only just beforehand.” There was mention of the fact that the soldiers involved would also be returning to the SAS immediately after serving in Northern Ireland.
 +
 +
Former senior [[SAS]] NCO [[Ken Connor]] has described the regiment's role in creating the unit he referred to as 14 Int:
 +
::The SAS developed a selection procedure, ran the induction course and training and staffed the upper echelons of the company with [[SAS]] officers.
 +
::That gave the Regiment a means of maintaining its influence over an area that should technically have been controlled by the [[Intelligence Corps]]. The SAS could have its cake and eat it too, maintaining an involvement in Northern Ireland without using manpower that was needed in the Middle East.<ref>Ken Connor, Ghost Force: The Secret History of the SAS, Cassell, 1998, p.269.</ref>
  
 
==Role==
 
==Role==
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::The prime task of the SRU is to conduct covert surveillance of terrorists as a preliminary to an arrest carried out by security forces in uniform. The SRU may also be used to contact and handle agents or informers and for the surveillance and for the surveillance and protection of persons or property under terrorist threat. The SRU works to a great extent on [[RUC Special Branch|Special Branch]] information and the Special Branch have a high regard for it.<ref>[[Image:PREM16slash154.pdf]] National Archives PREM 16/154 Defensive Brief D Meeting between the Prime Minister and the Taoiseach 5 April 1974 Army Plain Clothes Patrols in Northern Ireland.</ref>
 
::The prime task of the SRU is to conduct covert surveillance of terrorists as a preliminary to an arrest carried out by security forces in uniform. The SRU may also be used to contact and handle agents or informers and for the surveillance and for the surveillance and protection of persons or property under terrorist threat. The SRU works to a great extent on [[RUC Special Branch|Special Branch]] information and the Special Branch have a high regard for it.<ref>[[Image:PREM16slash154.pdf]] National Archives PREM 16/154 Defensive Brief D Meeting between the Prime Minister and the Taoiseach 5 April 1974 Army Plain Clothes Patrols in Northern Ireland.</ref>
  
 +
==People==
 +
*[[Julian Ball]] - commanded [[3 Brigade (Northern Ireland)|3 Brigade]] detachment in 1974.<ref>Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.40.</ref>
 +
*[[Robert Nairac]] - Ball's number two, or liason officer.<ref>Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.40.</ref>
 +
*[[William Hatton]]<ref>Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.41.</ref>
 +
*Captain [[Anthony Pollen]]<ref>Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.42.</ref>
 +
*Corporal [[Paul Harman]]<ref>Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.43.</ref>
 +
*Lance Corporal Alan Swift[[Alan Swift]]<ref>Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.44.</ref>
 +
*Sergeant [[Paul Oram]]<ref>Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.253.</ref>
  
  
−
The SRU was a secretive British Army unit operating in Northern Ireland in the 1970s.  It had close links to the [[Special Air Service]].
 
  
−
::SAS troops were operating in the North two years before their presence was acknowledged by the British government, according to a document uncovered by [[Justice for the Forgotten]] and the [[Pat Finucane Centre]].
 
−
::The 1974 file from the prime minister’s office – found at the [[National Archives]] in London in January – sheds new light on the early history of British covert operations during the Troubles...
 
−
::The newly-discovered files show that the [[Northern Ireland Office]] (NIO) and the [[Ministry of Defence]] were tasked to produce a briefing on the SAS ahead of Wilson’s meeting with Taoiseach [[Liam Cosgrave]] on April 5, 1974.
 
−
::They produced a document entitled Army Plain Clothes Patrols in Northern Ireland, together with a copy of a statement that had been delivered to the Irish government.
 
−
::The statement to the Irish said: “The facts are as follows. No SAS unit has been or is stationed in Northern Ireland.”
 
−
::It added that the policy had been not to use former SAS personnel on plain-clothes duties until two or three years after their service with the regiment had ended, but that in the past three months “use has been made of a number of volunteers, whose experience has been acquired only just beforehand.”
 
−
::The full extent of the SAS role is only revealed in the briefing itself which states:
 
−
:::“Men who have served with the SAS are serving in the SRU [[Special Reconnaissance Unit]] but no SAS units are operating in Northern Ireland.
 
−
:::“One officer and 30 soldiers serving with the SRU since early January are due to resume service with 22 SAS by April 7. Their presence with the SRU went undetected until the Robert Fisk article in The Times on 19 March.”...
 
−
::The SRU is almost certainly the unit generally known by the cover name [[14 Intelligence Company]], and the precursor of the new [[Special Reconnaissance Regiment]], which was involved in the London shooting of [[Jean Charles De Menezes]], as well as a controversial incident in Basra, only months after becoming operational last year.
 
−
::The SRU replaced Brigadier [[Frank Kitson]]’s MRF, an acronym which stood for [[Military Reaction Forces]], according to the briefing.
 
−
::It states:
 
−
:::“Plain-clothes teams, initially joint RUC/army patrols, have operated in Northern Ireland since the IRA bombing campaign in Easter 1971.
 
−
:::“Later in 1971 the teams were reformed and expanded as Military Reaction Forces (MRFs) without RUC participation.
 
−
:::“In 1972 the operations of the MRF were brought under more centralised control and a higher standard of training achieved by establishing a [[Special Reconnaissance Unit]] (SRU) of 130 with all ranks under direct command of HQNI.
 
−
:::“The term ‘Special Reconnaissance Unit’ and the details of its organisation and mode of operations have been kept secret.
 
−
:::“The SRU operates in Northern Ireland at present under the cover name “[[Northern Ireland Training and Advisory Teams (Northern Ireland)]]” – NITAT(NI) – ostensibly the equivalent of genuine NITAT teams in UKLF [United Kingdom Land Forces] and BAOR [British Army of the Rhine].”
 
−
:::“The prime task of the SRU is to conduct covert surveillance of terrorists as a preliminary to an arrest carried out by security forces in uniform.
 
−
:::“The SRU may also be used to contact and handle agents or informers and for the surveillance and protection of persons or property under terrorist threat.
 
−
:::“The SRU works to a great extent on [[RUC Special Branch|Special Branch]] information and the Special Branch have a high regard for it.”
 
−
::Although the briefing survives in the files from the British prime minister’s office, a copy was also originally held by the NIO.
 
−
::According to a note left by officials this was destroyed “on the need to know principle” in 1976, some months after the official deployment of the SAS to the North.
 
−
::The picture revealed by the briefing closely parallels allegations made in the 1980s by former British army major, [[Fred Holroyd]], who has accused the army of murder, kidnapping, collusion with loyalist paramilitaries, and infiltration of the Republic’s security forces during the mid-1970s.
 
−
::In his report on the Dublin-Monaghan bombings Mr Justice Barron said that, while not all Holroyd’s claims were true, they had contributed to his inquiry’s view on the possibility of collusion between loyalists and the security forces.
 
 
::Holroyd claimed that an SAS troop led by Captain [[Julian Ball]] and Captain [[Robert Nairac]] was operating at Castledillon in Co Armagh under two cover names, [[4 Field Survey Troop, Royal Engineers]] and NITAT.
 
::Holroyd claimed that an SAS troop led by Captain [[Julian Ball]] and Captain [[Robert Nairac]] was operating at Castledillon in Co Armagh under two cover names, [[4 Field Survey Troop, Royal Engineers]] and NITAT.
 
::In response to a question from [[Ken Livingstone]] in 1988, ministers denied that the NITAT unit existed, and claimed that records relating to 4 Field Survey Troop were no longer available.
 
::In response to a question from [[Ken Livingstone]] in 1988, ministers denied that the NITAT unit existed, and claimed that records relating to 4 Field Survey Troop were no longer available.

Revision as of 21:30, 4 January 2010

The Special Reconnaissance Unit (SRU) was an undercover British Army unit which operated in Northern Ireland from 1972.[1] It is better known even within the Army, by a variety of cover names, most commonly 14 Intelligence Company.[2]

Formation

According to a top Secret briefing prepared for Prime Minister Harold Wilson in April 1974, the Special Reconnaissance Unit replaced the Military Reaction Force units created in 1971:

In 1972 the operations of the MRF were brought under more centralised control and a higher standard of training achieved by establishing a Special Reconnaissance Unit (SRU) of 130 all ranks under direct command of HQNI.[3]

Secrecy and cover names

The April 1974 briefing states:

The term "Special Reconnaissance Unit" and the details of its organisation and mode of operations have been kept secret. The SRU operates in Northern Ireland at present under the cover name "Northern Ireland Training and Advisory Teams (Northern Ireland)" - NITAT(NI) - ostensibly the equivalent of genuine NITAT teams in UKLF and BAOR.[4]

The secrecy about the unit's name appears to have been maintained until this briefing was released to the National Archives three decades later. One apparent reference comes in Martin Dillon's 1990 book The Dirty War, which reports that according to Special Branch inspector Jimmy Blair, Special Branch Sergeant Charlie McCormick and informer Anthony O'Doherty both "worked for a special unit of the Army. His use of the words 'special unit' is 'in itself' significant."[5]

Most accounts refer to what is clearly the same unit by a variety of cover names. The clearest account of these is perhaps in Mark Urban's Big Boys' Rules. According to Urban, the NITAT name was replaced in 1978 or 1979 by Intelligence and Security Group (NI) or Int and Sy Group. As with NITAT, there were genuine Int and Sy Groups in England and Germany. In the early 1980s, this name was replaced in turn by 14 Intelligence and Security Company:

The name, usually contracted in speech to 14 Intelligence Company, 14 Company of simply 14 Int, became widely used within the Army. Indeed most people who have worked with the Army in Northern Ireland know it as such and that is why I will use this name, even to describe activities in the mid 1970s before the Army adopted it. This cover name suggested an analogy with 12 Intelligence and Security Company, a unit of report writers, index keepers and computer programmers rather than an organized force of undercover surveillance specialists.[6]

Urban also states that 4 Field Survey Troop was a cover name for the 3 Brigade detachment of the unit during 1974.[7]

SAS involvement

The SRU has had a close relationship with the SAS which has been the subject of some confusion. The first evidence came to light on 19 March 1974 when Robert Fisk reported in The Times that SAS members had been sent secretly to Northern Ireland "to serve as military undercover intelligence agents in Belfast and Londonderry:

Between 40 and 50 SAS men are serving in Northern Ireland. Attched to various regular army battalions on the province, they are operating mostly in plain clothes,carrying out patrols in civilian cars, keeping watch on the homes of suspected IRA men and Protestant extremists and, on some occasions, assuming false identities in order to gather information in republican and loyalist districts.[8]

The April 1974 briefing states:

Men who have served with the SAS are serving in the SRU but no SAS units are operating in Northern Ireland. One officer and 30 soldiers serving with the SRU since early January are due to resume service with 22 SASby 7 April. Their presence with the SRU went undetected until the Robert Fisk article in "The Times" on 19 March.[9]

Attached to the briefing was a statement, which had been passed to the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs. It stated: “The facts are as follows. No SAS unit has been or is stationed in Northern Ireland.” The statement added that the policy had been not to use former SAS personnel on plain-clothes duties until two or three years after their service with the regiment had ended, but that in the past three months “use has been made of a number of volunteers, whose experience has been acquired only just beforehand.” There was mention of the fact that the soldiers involved would also be returning to the SAS immediately after serving in Northern Ireland.

Former senior SAS NCO Ken Connor has described the regiment's role in creating the unit he referred to as 14 Int:

The SAS developed a selection procedure, ran the induction course and training and staffed the upper echelons of the company with SAS officers.
That gave the Regiment a means of maintaining its influence over an area that should technically have been controlled by the Intelligence Corps. The SAS could have its cake and eat it too, maintaining an involvement in Northern Ireland without using manpower that was needed in the Middle East.[10]

Role

The April 1974 briefing described the SRU's role as follows:

The prime task of the SRU is to conduct covert surveillance of terrorists as a preliminary to an arrest carried out by security forces in uniform. The SRU may also be used to contact and handle agents or informers and for the surveillance and for the surveillance and protection of persons or property under terrorist threat. The SRU works to a great extent on Special Branch information and the Special Branch have a high regard for it.[11]

People


Holroyd claimed that an SAS troop led by Captain Julian Ball and Captain Robert Nairac was operating at Castledillon in Co Armagh under two cover names, 4 Field Survey Troop, Royal Engineers and NITAT.
In response to a question from Ken Livingstone in 1988, ministers denied that the NITAT unit existed, and claimed that records relating to 4 Field Survey Troop were no longer available.
The emergence, two decades later, of records confirming the existence of a unit corresponding closely to the one described by Holroyd raises two questions: was the British Parliament misled? And if Holroyd was right about this unit’s existence, was he also right about its involvement in collusion?[19]

Notes

  1. ↑ File:PREM16slash154.pdf National Archives PREM 16/154 Defensive Brief D Meeting between the Prime Minister and the Taoiseach 5 April 1974 Army Plain Clothes Patrols in Northern Ireland.
  2. ↑ Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.39.
  3. ↑ File:PREM16slash154.pdf National Archives PREM 16/154 Defensive Brief D Meeting between the Prime Minister and the Taoiseach 5 April 1974 Army Plain Clothes Patrols in Northern Ireland.
  4. ↑ File:PREM16slash154.pdf National Archives PREM 16/154 Defensive Brief D Meeting between the Prime Minister and the Taoiseach 5 April 1974 Army Plain Clothes Patrols in Northern Ireland.
  5. ↑ Martin Dillon, The Dirty War, Arrow, 1991, p.356.
  6. ↑ Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.39.
  7. ↑ Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.40.
  8. ↑ Robert Fisk, SAS men serve in Ulster as undercover agents, The Times, 19 March 1974.
  9. ↑ File:PREM16slash154.pdf National Archives PREM 16/154 Defensive Brief D Meeting between the Prime Minister and the Taoiseach 5 April 1974 Army Plain Clothes Patrols in Northern Ireland.
  10. ↑ Ken Connor, Ghost Force: The Secret History of the SAS, Cassell, 1998, p.269.
  11. ↑ File:PREM16slash154.pdf National Archives PREM 16/154 Defensive Brief D Meeting between the Prime Minister and the Taoiseach 5 April 1974 Army Plain Clothes Patrols in Northern Ireland.
  12. ↑ Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.40.
  13. ↑ Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.40.
  14. ↑ Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.41.
  15. ↑ Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.42.
  16. ↑ Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.43.
  17. ↑ Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.44.
  18. ↑ Mark Urban, Big Boys' Rules, Faber and Faber, 1993, p.253.
  19. ↑ Irish were lied to about SAS, by Tom Griffin, Daily Ireland, 5 June 2006.
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