Frederick Guest
Frederick Edward "Freddie" Guest DSO,(14 June 1875 – 28 April 1937) was a British politician best known for being Chief Whip of Prime Minister David Lloyd George's Coalition Liberal Party between 1917 and 1921. He was also Secretary of State for Air, 1921-22.
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Family
Frederick Guest was the third son of Ivor Guest, 1st Baron Wimborne (1835–1914) and Lady Cornelia Spencer-Churchill (1847–1927), daughter of the 7th Duke of Marlborough. The Wimbornes were Conservatives who had been friends of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield. Frederick was first cousin of Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965), son of Lady Cornelia's brother, the controversial Conservative politician Lord Randolph Churchill. In 1905, Guest married Amy Phipps (1873–1959), daughter of American industrialist Henry Phipps.
Guest's four brothers were also politically active, notably Ivor Churchill Guest (1st Viscount Wimborne), 2nd Baron and 1st Viscount Wimborne (1873–1939), a junior minister and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. In addition, Henry Guest (1874–1957) and Oscar Guest (1888–1958) were Members of Parliament, while Lionel Guest (1880–1935) was a member of the London County Council.
Education
Educated at Winchester School, Frederick Guest chose the military profession. After apprenticeship in the militia, Guest became (1897) an officer in the 1st Life Guards. He was sent to Egypt in 1900, was decorated for bravery in the South African War (served 1901–02), and rose to captain before retiring from active duty (1906) to become private secretary to his cousin and close friend, Winston Churchill, a junior minister in Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman's Liberal government.
Free trader
In 1904, during the controversy within the Conservative Party over adopting protectionism, Guest and other members of his family followed Churchill into the Liberal Party in support of free trade—and perhaps also to accelerate their political careers. Guest attempted three times to enter the House of Commons before winning the East Dorset seat in the January 1910 general election. Although unseated because of election irregularities by his constituency agent, he was reelected in December 1910. Known in the political world as "Freddie Guest," he was a popular backbencher, became a Liberal Party whip in 1911, the same year was elected a charter member of the cross-bench Other Club of political insiders, and was appointed a junior minister as Treasurer of the Household in 1912.
When World War I began in August 1914, Guest returned to active service as aide-de-camp to Field Marshal Sir John French, commander of the British Expeditionary Force in France. Guest performed confidential missions for French, liaising with the War Office and with political leaders. Later (1916) Guest served in the East African theater and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order. After being invalided out of the army following serious illness, Guest resumed his political career. In May 1917 he joined Lloyd George's Coalition government as joint patronage secretary of the treasury, or chief whip for the Coalition Liberals. In 1920 Guest became a Privy Counsellor and in 1921 was promoted to Secretary of State for Air, a post he held until the Coalition fell from power in October 1922.
In the general election of November 1922 Guest lost his seat but in 1923 was returned for Stroud, then in 1924 for Bristol North. After losing as a Liberal in the 1929 election, he rejoined the Conservative Party, and sat as a Conservative from 1931 until his death from cancer in 1937 for Plymouth Drake.
Supporter of corporate propaganda
According to the Glasgow online archives:
- At the outbreak of the first world war, Sir William Weir was chairman of Weir's of Cathcart, a large engineering works situated on the south side of Glasgow. As one of the major Glasgow engineering works involved in the production of munitions, Weir's experienced the growing influence of the Clyde Workers' Committee and the rise in industrial militancy linked to the introduction of 'dilution'.
- The rise in industrial and political militancy during the first world war inspired fear within many sections of the British political establishment with regard to a possible Bolshevik revolution on British soil. In order to combat these potential forces of revolution, many within the established political order began to organise anti-socialist and counter-propaganda groups. Weir, with his experience as a major employer and a government minister, was one of those proactive in preventing the growing influence of left-wing political ideology and trade union strength.
- According to the Lord Weir's private correspondence, between August and September of 1919 there was a flurry of activity aimed at attracting his membership of, and financial support for, right-wing anti-socialist propaganda groups. Weir's correspondence from this time details moves made by three groups to solicit his support, these being the Reconstruction Society, the Freedom of Britain Movement and an unnamed grouping headed by Conservative MPs Edmund Talbot and F E Guest. It is thought that Weir eventually lent his support to the Freedom of Britain Movement.[1]
Motor racing
Freddie Guest was an amateur motor racing driver and airplane pilot. In 1930 he became deputy master of the Guild of Air Pilots, and master in 1932. He also played polo, was a big-game hunter in East Africa, and was a celebrated man-about-town in London and New York City society. Guest's wife—who was prominent as a women's suffragist, philanthropist and aviation enthusiast—owned valuable property in Long Island. The couple were frequest visitors to the United States in the 1920s and 1930s. Their two sons, who became American citizens, were Winston F. Guest (1906–82), a polo great, and Raymond R. Guest (1907–91), United States ambassador to Ireland 1965–68.
See also
Notes
- ^ Letter written by Sir William Weir to Sir Robert Horne in relation to establishment of anti-Bolshevik organisation. Dated 14 August 1919, copied to Edmund Talbot.
