Chabad-Lubavitch in West Asia
Comprehensive list of Chabad-Lubavitch institutions in West Asia and North Africa
List of Chabad-Lubavitch institutions in West Asia catalogues all known Chabad-Lubavitch groups, centres, yeshivot, nurseries, communal institutions, and related entities operating in the region, overwhelmingly concentrated in the Zionist entity known as "Israel".[1] As The Jerusalem Post reports, Chabad maintains a presence in select Muslim-majority countries following recent diplomatic shifts, emphasising outreach to Jewish visitors and residents.[2] Reports suggest over 800 institutions exist in the Zionist entity alone, with smaller networks in neighbouring states.[1] This list aims to enumerate all identifiable entities, drawing from official directories and contemporary accounts, organised by country with subsections for types where applicable.
Cyprus
Chabad maintains five institutions in Cyprus, serving the local Jewish community and tourists.[1]
| Name | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Chabad Lubavitch of Cyprus | Larnaca | Central organisation |
| Chabad House of Larnaca | Larnaca | Community centre and synagogue |
| Chabad House of Nicosia | Nicosia | Community centre and synagogue |
| Chabad House of Limassol | Limassol | Community centre and synagogue |
| Chabad House of Paphos | Paphos | Community centre and synagogue |
| Chabad House of Ayia Napa | Ayia Napa | Community centre and synagogue |
- Main article: Chabad Lubavitch of Cyprus
In March 2023 The Jerusalem Post described Rabbi Arie Zeev Raskin, who heads Chabad Lubavitch of Cyprus, as the "country's chief rabbi". It reported his estimate of "2,000 Jewish families in Cyprus – about 6,000 Jews", and listed Chabad houses in Larnaca, Ayia Napa, Paphos, Limassol and Nicosia, the same five towns as the table above.[3] A separate Chabad centre, Chabad Lubavitch of North Cyprus, operated in the Turkish Cypriot-administered north from at least 2008, run by Rabbi Chaim Hillel Azimov.[4][5] In November 2023, after a campaign by a deputy of the governing National Unity Party, local authorities covered the centre's sign and sealed its premises over missing permits, and on 27 November Azimov left Cyprus with his family, citing increasing hostility after the 7 October attack on Israel. No later status has been found.[6][7] The Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States lists him, as "Rabbi Chaim Hilel Azimow", "Rabbi of North Cyprus", with the status of observer; it lists no rabbi for the Republic of Cyprus.[8]
United Arab Emirates
Chabad established an official presence in the UAE in 2020, with centres in major cities to support growing Jewish activity.[9]
| Name | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Chabad of the United Arab Emirates | Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ras Al Khaimah | Central organisation |
| Jewish Community Center - Dubai | Dubai | Community centre |
| Chabad House Abu Dhabi | Abu Dhabi | Community centre and synagogue |
| Chabad House Dubai | Dubai | Community centre and synagogue |
| Chabad House Ras Al Khaimah | Ras Al Khaimah | Community centre and synagogue |
- Main article: Chabad of the United Arab Emirates
The 2020 date is that of the formal appointment. According to Chabad's own account, republished by JNS, Rabbi Levi Duchman first came to the UAE in the winter of 2015 and moved there later that year; Chabad rabbinical students had led holiday services in Dubai since 2010. In late October 2020 the movement announced his appointment "as the Chabad emissary to the UAE". The same article called him "vice president of ARIS", the Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States.[10] ARIS currently lists three rabbis for the UAE, all tied to Chabad of the UAE: Levi Duchman (Executive Board, "Rabbi of the UAE"), Mendel Duchman (Dubai) and Shimon Frenkel of the Emirates Agency for Kosher Certification, which Levi Duchman set up.[8][10]
Turkey
Chabad operates several centres in Turkey, primarily in Istanbul and resort areas, catering to tourists and local Jews.
- Main article: Chabad Lubavitch of Turkey
Chabad's work in Turkey is led by Rabbi Mendy Chitrik, who came to Istanbul in 2001 "per the request of the Turkish Jewish community" and is rabbi of its small Ashkenazi community. He works inside the established, mainly Sephardi community and its chief rabbinate rather than beside it.[11] In Antalya, CrownHeights.info reported in 2009 that "Chabad of Antalya, Turkey, headed by Shliach Rabbi Menachem and Shira Litzman" (Menachem Litzman) had organised Hanukkah parties in hotels for Israeli tourists.[12] Chitrik founded the Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States in 2019 and chairs it. Its other Turkish members are rabbis of the Turkish community rabbinate, including the late chief rabbi Isak Haleva, and not Chabad emissaries.[8][13]
| Name | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Chabad of Istanbul | Istanbul | Community centre and synagogue |
| Chabad House Antalya | Antalya | Community centre and synagogue |
| Chabad House Bodrum | Bodrum | Community centre and synagogue |
| Chabad House Marmaris | Marmaris | Community centre and synagogue |
| Chabad House Ankara | Ankara | Community centre and synagogue |
Morocco
Though in North Africa, Morocco is often associated with Middle Eastern Jewish networks; Chabad has a vibrant presence here, including educational institutions.[14]
| Name | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Chabad Lubavitch of Morocco | Casablanca | Central organisation[15][16] |
| Chabad of Casablanca | Casablanca | Community centre and synagogue[17] |
| Chabad of Marrakech | Marrakech | Chabad house (visitor centre and Shabbat meals)[18][19] |
| Chabad of Rabat | Rabat | Community centre and synagogue (not listed by Lubavitch.com)[15] |
| Chabad of Tangier | Tangier | Community centre and synagogue (not listed by Lubavitch.com)[15] |
| Chabad of Fez | Fez | Community centre and synagogue (not listed by Lubavitch.com; Fez hosted a 2023 Chabad conference)[15][20] |
| Chabad of Agadir | Agadir | Synagogue[15] |
| Beth 'Habad, Meknes | Meknes | Chabad house[15] |
| Beth Midrach LaRabanim VelaShochatin VelaSofrim | Casablanca | Advanced yeshiva for rabbis, scribes and ritual slaughterers[15][16] |
| Mikvah Tahara of Morocco | Casablanca | Mikvah[15][16] |
- Main article: Chabad Lubavitch of Morocco
In October 2026 the Lubavitch.com directory listed six Chabad institutions in Morocco: one in Agadir (a synagogue on Avenue Moulay Abdellah), three in Casablanca, one in Marrakesh and one in Meknes.[15] It listed none in Rabat, Tangier or Fez. Fez hosted a Chabad conference of emissaries from 40 countries in May 2023, an event rather than a centre.[20] "Chabad of Casablanca" is the Banons' Chabad house, which offers daily and Shabbat prayers. The directory lists it under the central organisation's Casablanca address.[17][15]
Chabad in Morocco dates from 7 February 1950, when Menachem Mendel Schneerson appointed Rabbi Michael Lipsker as emissary to Morocco.[21] Lipsker settled in Meknes, and Shlomo Matusof was sent to Casablanca in 1951. The "Oholei Yosef Yitzchak Lubavitch" network, funded largely by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, grew to 70 Torah schools.[22] Other emissaries followed: Sholom Eidelman in 1959, and Leibel Raskin in 1960, who served until his death in 2004. His widow Raizel Raskin "remains director of Chabad-Lubavitch of Morocco". Rabbi Levi Banon and Chana Banon have been in Casablanca since 2009, and Rabbi Chimon Lahiany runs the Marrakesh Chabad house.[16][19]
Tunisia
Similar to Morocco, Tunisia hosts Chabad centres, notably in Djerba, a historic Jewish site.
| Name | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Chabad of Djerba | Djerba | Community centre and synagogue[23][24] |
| Chabad of Tunis | Tunis | Community centre and synagogue[25][26] |
| Chabad Lubavitch of Tunisia | Tunis | Central organisation[25][23] |
| Yeshivah Oholei Yosef Yitzchak Lubavitch | Tunis | Yeshiva[27] |
- Main article: Chabad Lubavitch of Tunisia
Lubavitch.com lists a single Tunisian entry, "Chabad Lubavitch of Tunisia" at 73 Rue de Palestine, Tunis. The entry still names Rabbi Nissan and Rochel Pinson, both of whom have died.[25] The Yeshiva World described the "Chabad Lubavitch of Tunisia" house there in 2011.[26] Djerba has no directory entry. Chabad.org reported in 2023 that Chabad rabbis had been sent to Djerba, and Lubavitch.com mentioned a Chabad mikvah there in 2007.[23][24]
Chabad in Tunisia was founded by Rabbi Nissan Pinson and Rochel Pinson. They moved from Casablanca to Tunis in 1959 and opened schools, among them Bet Rivkah, Tunisia's first Jewish girls' school.[27][24] Rabbi Pinson died in 2007 and Rochel Pinson in February 2026. Rabbi Binyamin Hatab (Hattab) is "rabbi of the Grande Synagogue and director of Yeshivah Oholei Yosef Yitzchak Lubavitch in Tunis".[27] Chabad.org says Chabad Tunisia is "served by Rabbi Binyamin and Massuda Hattab", and that Chabad rabbis Samama, Hababou and Scholte were sent to Djerba by Rabbi Shmuel Pinson.[23] Djerba's Ghriba synagogue was bombed in 2002 and was the scene of a shooting in May 2023; see Chabad Lubavitch of Tunisia.
Zionist entity ("Israel")
- Main article: Chabad in occupied Palestine; directory: Chabad centres in Palestine (directory)
Most Chabad activity in the region is in the Zionist entity and the territories it occupies. In October 2026 the Lubavitch.com directory listed 820 Chabad institutions in 322 localities under "Israel", of which at least 91 are in the occupied West Bank, East Jerusalem and Golan Heights; the largest local listings were Jerusalem (91 entries), Tel Aviv (46), Kiryat Malachi (31), Haifa (26), Kfar Chabad (23) and Lod (21).[1][28] The Chabad.org directory of Jewish centres maps Chabad centres in the Zionist entity and the territories it occupies, concentrated along the coastal plain, especially around Tel Aviv, in and around Jerusalem and in the Galilee, with further centres in the occupied West Bank, in the Negev and as far south as Eilat.[29] The directory lists centres by locality, often with several institutions in one place: a search from Abirim in the Galilee, for example, returned centres in Ma'alot, Nahariya, Karmiel, Safed and Akko, among them the Beit Chana Schools, the Beit Chana Seminary, the Mikva Chana ritual bath and the Beit Hakneset Heichal Levi Yitzchak in Safed's Kiryat Chabad neighbourhood. Its list of localities includes places in the occupied West Bank.[29] The movement's Israeli headquarters, including Agudat Chasidei Chabad in the Holy Land and Tzeirei Agudat Chabad, are in Kfar Chabad.[30] Colel Chabad, the movement's charity in the Holy Land, runs the Larissa Blavatnik Network of Daycare Centers, which it says has 16 locations serving nearly 1,000 children from needy families, but it does not run the movement's other institutions.[31] The centres, yeshivot and nurseries formerly listed here are listed in full in Chabad in occupied Palestine.
Countries with no documented Chabad presence
The following West Asian/Middle Eastern countries show no evidence of official Chabad-Lubavitch centres, emissaries, or institutions in current directories.[32] Where Chabad people have visited or carried out one-off activities, these are listed separately under each country and do not amount to a resident presence. In October 2026 the Lubavitch.com regional indexes (Middle East, Asia, Africa, Europe) did not list Iraq, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Syria or Yemen.[32] The same indexes also omit the United Arab Emirates and Turkey, where Chabad has resident emissaries.
- Algeria — No centre; historical Jewish population fled in the 1960s, with no subsequent Chabad establishment.[33][34]
- Bahrain — No official centre; occasional past royal invitations noted but no ongoing Chabad operation.[35] For instance, in 2008, King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa extended a personal invitation to Chabad-Lubavitch Rabbi Levi Shemtov during a state visit to New York, emphasising welcome for all expatriate Bahrainis regardless of religion.[35] Reports suggest that while Bahrain hosts a small Jewish community and a renovated synagogue, no dedicated Chabad-Lubavitch emissary or institution has been established, with occasional assistance from regional rabbis such as those in the United Arab Emirates for events like funerals.[10] Current directories list no centres.[36] There is no resident Chabad emissary. The World Jewish Congress says of Bahrain's small Jewish community that "There is no rabbi in Bahrain" and that "Religious services are conducted privately".[37] The community's rabbinic support comes mainly from the Association of Gulf Jewish Communities (AGJC), founded in February 2021 "under the spiritual leadership of Rabbi Dr. Elie Abadie, based in Dubai" (Elie Abadie), who is not Chabad.[38] When Manama's renovated synagogue, the House of Ten Commandments, held public services in 2021, AFP quoted Abadie as "head of the association of Gulf Jewish communities".[39] The Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States lists no rabbi for Bahrain.[8] See Chabad Lubavitch of Bahrain.
- Iran — No presence; geopolitical hostility precludes activity. Chabad's links with Iranian Jews run from abroad, notably Operation Exodus (1978–81), which according to Chabad brought about 1,800 Iranian Jewish children to the United States.[40] The Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States lists two Iranian rabbis, Chief Rabbi Yehuda Gerami (as "Yehud Gerami") and Eliyahu Saidiyan, Chief Rabbi of Isfahan; no source found describes either as Chabad.[8] See Chabad Lubavitch of Iran.
- Iraq — No official centre; isolated past printing missions reported but no established institution.[32][41]
- Visits and one-off activity (no resident presence):
- In May 2023 two Lubavitch men, Yanky Rubin and Mendy Lieberman, printed copies of the Tanya in Baghdad and then in Kuwait City (according to Chabad).[41]
- The Chabad-affiliated Aleph Institute sent Passover supplies to Jewish US troops in Iraq. In 2008 they were flown into Baghdad's Green Zone by military helicopter for Seders "at army bases across Iraq".[42] In 2003 the Chabad rabbi Jacob Goldstein, a National Guard chaplain, took Torah scrolls and prayer books to Jewish soldiers in Iraq and the region.[43]
- See Chabad Lubavitch of Iraq and Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Iraq.
- Visits and one-off activity (no resident presence):
- Jordan — No documented Chabad centre. In March 2026 more than 60 Lubavitch yeshiva students and seminary girls leaving Israel were held in an Amman hotel for five days; help was organised from Israel by Colel Chabad and through contacts in the US government (according to Chabad).[44] See Chabad Lubavitch of Jordan.
- Kuwait — No presence. No resident emissary or centre has been found. The Chabad-affiliated Aleph Institute supports Jewish US troops at Camp Arifjan, and before his 2020 appointment Levi Duchman of the UAE "visited the small Jewish community in Kuwait".[45][10] See Chabad Lubavitch of Kuwait.
- Lebanon — No resident Chabad emissary or centre.[32]
- Visits and one-off activity (no resident presence):
- In 1982, during the Israeli invasion, Chabad hasidim from Safed led by Rabbi Levi Bistritzky restored the mikvah in Bhamdoun for local Jews, with the Rebbe's approval and funding. This account is from Beis Moshiach magazine (2012), and was first reported in Maariv.[46]
- In March 2021 the Chabad-led Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States (ARIS), chaired by Mendy Chitrik, said it had been "in touch with individuals from Afghanistan, Lebanon, Libya, Egypt" to supply matzah for Passover.[47] See also Chabad Lubavitch of Libya and Chabad Lubavitch of Egypt.
- See Chabad Lubavitch of Lebanon and Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Lebanon.
- Visits and one-off activity (no resident presence):
- Oman — No resident Chabad emissary or centre.[32]
- Visits and one-off activity (no resident presence): Before his appointment as Chabad emissary to the UAE in 2020, Rabbi Levi Duchman had "flown to Oman to help the tiny Jewish presence in Muscat", according to Chabad's own account.[10]
- See Chabad Lubavitch of Oman and Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Oman.
- Qatar — No resident Chabad emissary or centre.[32]
- Visits and one-off activity (no resident presence): During the 2022 FIFA World Cup, Rabbi Eliyahu Chitrik (aged 21), son of Mendy Chitrik of Istanbul, ran a temporary, free kosher food service from a hotel kitchen supplied by Qatar Airways. Mendy Chitrik supervised it, and Rabbi Marc Schneier arranged it with the Qatari authorities. According to Chabad.org it served "about 100 bagel sandwiches each day" and up to 400 challahs on Shabbat. Chabad.org also noted that Qatar "does not have a permanent Jewish population".[48]
- See Chabad Lubavitch of Qatar and Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Qatar.
- Saudi Arabia — No official emissary or centre; needs of any visiting Jews reportedly met externally.[49] In December 2021 a Chabad spokesman, Rabbi Motti Seligson, told The Times of Israel: "Chabad-Lubavitch does not currently have an emissary to Saudi Arabia. The needs of Jews in Saudi Arabia are largely being met by Chabad in the UAE — from where kosher food and other needs are provided for." The same report covered Rabbi Jacob Yisrael Herzog, a US-born rabbi from the Chabad community who then lived in Israel and had made five trips to Saudi Arabia since the summer of 2021; he said his efforts were not linked to the organised Chabad movement.[50] In 2023 i24NEWS, republished by Ynet, called him "a Chabad emissary" who had "appointed himself" the kingdom's rabbi and was running a centre from rented space in Riyadh.[51] See Chabad Lubavitch of Saudi Arabia.
- Syria — No resident Chabad emissary or centre.[32] RNS reported in 2025 that "only around half a dozen elderly Jews are believed to remain".[52]
- Visits and one-off activity (no resident presence):
- In September 2025 an international Jewish delegation visited Damascus. It held a minyan with a Torah reading in the Old City, prayed at the grave of Rabbi Chaim Vital and met Syrian officials. Accounts differ on who led it:
- Israel National News says that Rabbi Mendy Chitrik (Menachem Mendel Chitrik), ARIS chairman and a Chabad emissary in Turkey, "led an international delegation". It describes Rabbi Asher Lopatin of Michigan as the man "who organized the trip".[53]
- Religion News Service says Lopatin, of the Jewish Federation of Greater Ann Arbor, "led 13 people" and that Chitrik took part.[52] Lopatin is not described as Chabad in either source.
- In 2021 Israel Hayom reported that ARIS "helps the remaining five Jews in Syria". It added that before the civil war a kosher slaughterer from Istanbul used to fly to Damascus to provide them with meat.[54]
- In September 2025 an international Jewish delegation visited Damascus. It held a minyan with a Torah reading in the Old City, prayed at the grave of Rabbi Chaim Vital and met Syrian officials. Accounts differ on who led it:
- See Chabad Lubavitch of Syria and Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Syria.
- Visits and one-off activity (no resident presence):
- Yemen — No presence.[32]
See also
- Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States
- Chabad of the United Arab Emirates
- Chabad Lubavitch of Bahrain
- Chabad Lubavitch of Saudi Arabia
- Chabad Lubavitch of Turkey
- Chabad Lubavitch of Jordan
- Chabad Lubavitch of Kuwait
- Chabad Lubavitch of Iran
- Chabad Lubavitch of Cyprus
- Chabad Lubavitch of North Cyprus
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to the United Arab Emirates
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Bahrain
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Saudi Arabia
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Turkey
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Jordan
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Kuwait
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Iran
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Cyprus
- Chabad Lubavitch of Morocco
- Chabad Lubavitch of Tunisia
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Morocco
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Tunisia
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Algeria
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Iraq
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Lebanon
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Oman
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Qatar
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Syria
- Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Yemen
External links
Chabad Centers in Israel Chabad Global Locator Colel Chabad Childcare and Nurseries Chabad of the United Arab Emirates
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Lubavitch.com, Middle East Lubavitch.com, accessed 2 March 2026.
- ↑ The Jerusalem Post, Chabad to expand to more Muslim countries after UAE emmissary announcement The Jerusalem Post, 26 October 2020.
- ↑ James Martin, "Israeli Jews love Cyprus, but there is a religious equality battle", The Jerusalem Post, 3 March 2023. Independent press; the figures and quotations are Raskin's own.
- ↑ Tamar Runyan, "New Chabad House Brings Passover to Northern Cyprus", CrownHeights.info (from Chabad.org News), 23 April 2008.
- ↑ Chabad Lubavitch World Headquarters, "Chabad-Lubavitch of North Cyprus", Lubavitch.com centre directory, accessed 20 October 2026.
- ↑ US Department of State, Office of International Religious Freedom, "2023 Report on International Religious Freedom: Cyprus", section on the area administered by Turkish Cypriots.
- ↑ Esra Aygin, "Property-owning Jews in north increasingly targeted", Cyprus Mail, 17 December 2023.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States, "ARIS Rabbis", accessed 19 October 2026. Self-published; mainly Chabad-led.
- ↑ JNS.org, Chabad-Lubavitch announces emissary to United Arab Emirates JNS.org, 1 November 2020.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 JNS.org, Chabad-Lubavitch announces emissary to United Arab Emirates JNS.org, 1 November 2020.
- ↑ Meyer Harroch, "Getting to know the Jewish Community in Turkey: A Conversation with Rabbi Mendy Chitrik", New York Jewish Guide, 12 January 2023. Interview, Chitrik's own words; written on a press trip sponsored by the Turkish tourism agency.
- ↑ "Israelis Celebrate Chanukah with Chabad of Turkey", CrownHeights.info, 21 December 2009.
- ↑ David I. Klein, "Isak Haleva, Turkey's chief rabbi and face of Jewish minority, dies at 84", Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 15 January 2025.
- ↑ JNS.org, Chabad-Lubavitch announces emissary to United Arab Emirates JNS.org, 1 November 2020.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.9 Lubavitch.com, Centres directory: Morocco (six institutions, in Agadir, Casablanca (3), Marrakesh and Meknes), with Casablanca listings, accessed 21 October 2026.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Bruria Efune, "Chabad Brings Relief and Comfort to Victims of Morocco Earthquake", Chabad.org, 11 September 2023.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Chabad of Casablanca, "About Chabad House Casablanca" and "Chabad House Casablanca Morocco", accessed 21 October 2026. Founded by Rabbi Levi and Chana Banon; daily and Shabbat prayers.
- ↑ Lubavitch.com, Centres directory: Marrakesh, accessed 20 October 2026.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Chabad of Marrakech, "About and Contact", accessed 20 October 2026.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Mendel Super, "Historic Conference in Morocco Draws Rabbis From Africa, Middle East, Europe", Chabad.org, 17 May 2023.
- ↑ Chabad.org, "1950: Leadership", accessed 20 October 2026.
- ↑ Shmuel Butman, "Chabad's 70 Years in Morocco", Chabadinfo.com (from Jewish Press), 2020.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 Yaakov Ort, Report on the Djerba shooting, Chabad.org, 10 May 2023.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Rivka Chaya Berman, "While Tunisian Jewry Dwindles, Many Recall A Leader With Love and Awe", Lubavitch.com, 18 December 2007.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Lubavitch.com, Centres directory: Tunis, accessed 21 October 2026.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 The Yeshiva World, "Tunisia: Israel Rescues Jews; Chabad House Closed; How Many Jews Remain?", 16 January 2011.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Motti Wilhelm, Obituary of Rebbetzin Rochel Pinson, Chabad.org, 5 February 2026.
- ↑ Chabad-Lubavitch World Headquarters, Israel – Centers Lubavitch.com, accessed 23 October 2026.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Chabad.org, Jewish centres directory, Israel Chabad.org, map, locations list and search results supplied by David Miller, accessed 28 October 2026.
- ↑ Chabad-Lubavitch World Headquarters, Chabad centers: Kfar Chabad Lubavitch.com, accessed 23 October 2026.
- ↑ Colel Chabad, Colel Chabad Daycare Centers for Needy Children ColelChabad.org, accessed 2 March 2026.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.7 Lubavitch.com centres directory, regional indexes for the Middle East (Cyprus, Israel), Asia (14 countries), Africa (10 countries) and Europe (40 countries), accessed 21 October 2026. None lists Iraq, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Syria or Yemen.
- ↑ Jewish Virtual Library, "Algeria Virtual Jewish History Tour" (adapted from the Encyclopaedia Judaica), accessed 18 October 2026. It reports that by the end of July 1962, 70,000 Jews had left for France and another 5,000 for Israel, and that "By 1969 fewer than one thousand Jews remained in Algeria".
- ↑ Chabad-Lubavitch World Headquarters, "Africa – Centers" Lubavitch.com, accessed 18 October 2026. The directory lists 10 African countries with Chabad centres; Algeria is not among them.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 Chabad.org, King of Bahrain Extends Jewish Communal Welcome During State Visit Chabad.org, 10 November 2008.
- ↑ Chabad.org, Chabad Centers in Bahrain Chabad.org, accessed 2 March 2026.
- ↑ World Jewish Congress, "Community in Bahrain", accessed 19 October 2026. Jewish communal body (non-Chabad).
- ↑ Association of Gulf Jewish Communities, "Jews in 6 Gulf nations form first association to enhance regional Jewish life", 15 February 2021. Self-published (non-Chabad).
- ↑ AFP, "Bahrain's Jews worship in public for first time in decades", France 24, 14 September 2021.
- ↑ Chabad.org, Operation Exodus Chabad.org, 20 February 2019.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 CrownHeights.info, "Tanya Printed For the First Time In Iraq and Kuwait", 13 May 2023.
- ↑ Chabad.org, "Baghdad, Iraq: Special Provisions Distributed Across the Country", 17 April 2008.
- ↑ Baila Olidort, "Sukkot in Baghdad", Lubavitch.com, 10 October 2003.
- ↑ Rabbi Moshe Krasnanski, "Stranded in Jordan for Days, Bochurim and Seminary Girls Back in US", COLlive, 8 March 2026 (including reader comments).
- ↑ Nancy K. S. Hochman, "U.S. Troops in Kuwait Celebrate Chanukah", Chabad.org, 14 December 2023.
- ↑ Shneur Zalman Berger, "A Chabad Mikvah in Lebanon", Beis Moshiach, August 2012, republished as "A Chabad Mikvah In Lebanon – Levi A"H" on the Bistritzky family tribute site, 25 July 2013.
- ↑ David Ian Klein, "Matzah in Beirut or a Seder in Samarkand? These rabbis are making it happen.", The Forward, 22 March 2021.
- ↑ Bruria Efune, "Kosher Food and Shabbat Arrive at World Cup in Qatar", Chabad.org, 28 November 2022.
- ↑ The Times of Israel, In Saudi Arabia, a rabbi angles to lead a Jewish community that doesn't exist The Times of Israel, 27 December 2021.
- ↑ Carrie Keller-Lynn, "In Saudi Arabia, a rabbi angles to lead a Jewish community that doesn't exist", The Times of Israel, 27 December 2021. Critical press; includes a Chabad spokesman's statement.
- ↑ Emily Frances (i24NEWS), "1st rabbi of Riyadh says local Jews emerging from shadows in Saudi Arabia", Ynetnews, 2023. Press, mainly Herzog's own account.
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 David I. Klein, "Hopeful for a new beginning in the new year, American Jews make historic trip to Syria", Religion News Service, 29 September 2025.
- ↑ Israel National News, "Historic Jewish visit to Damascus: Chabad emissary from Turkey leads delegation to Syria", 18 September 2025.
- ↑ JNS and ILH Staff, "Rabbinical alliance bolsters Jewish community in Islamic states", Israel Hayom, 29 October 2021.