Xe Services LLC

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Introduction

<youtube size="medium" align="right" caption=" Video 1: Erik Prince is cagey about ambitions to build a fast-response peace keeping force - interview with Charlie Rose">-GULPEzJJ6c</youtube> Xe Services LLC (pronounced 'Zee') is a private military contractor (PMC) based in Moyock, North Carolina. The company is controlled by the Prince group, owned by Erik Prince. as well as providing 'mercenaries'[1] to governments and organisations around the globe The company boasts 'the most comprehensive, self-contained private tactical training facility in the United States' [2]. The company has seen many controversies but continually escapes relatively unscathed [3]. Xe is very well connected to the US Government through the Prince family's generous and continued support for the Republican Party [4]. There are also a number of high profile ex CIA and Pentagon officials on Xe's staff [5].

History

Xe Services LLC [6] (Xe)was formed in February 2009 as a re-branding of Blackwater Worldwide after the Blackwater brand came under scrutiny following reports that contractors of the company had orchestrated a bloody civillian cull in an Iraqi Square in 2007. Blackwater itself was founded in 1997 by former navy seal Erik Prince in Moyock, North Carolina. [7] There are now believed to be at least 30 front companies under the umbrella of mr Prince's Prince Group LLC [8].


People

Paul Behrends

Behrends has been lobbying on and off for Blackwater since 1998. In 1998 he was working with Rhoads Group where lobbied on behalf of Blackwater USA [9]. from 2006-2008 Behrends handled the Blackwater USA and Worldwide contract at lobbyists C&M Capitolink [10]. in 2009 he moved to Cromwell & Moring where he represented the Prince Group[11].

Cofer Black

Black is the ex head of Counter Terrorism at the CIA and is now the Vice Chairman of Blackwater and the head of Total Intelligence Solutions (another Prince Group subsidiary). He maintains strong links to the US Government, remaining counter-terrorism advisor to Republican politician Mitt Romney [12].

Stuart Eizenstat

According to federal lobbying records in the first quarter of 2010 Xe Services spent $530,000 to acquire the services of Stuart Eizenstat who is a well connected democrat lobbyist having served in both the Clinton and Carter administrations. [13]

Erik Prince
Erik Prince

Prince is founder and former CEO of Xe Services, comes from a wealthy industrial and deeply republican background [14].

joseph Schmitz

Schmitz is the Chief Operating officer and General Counsel of the Prince Group LLC. He took up this post in 2005 after resigning from the US Defence Department amid allegations that he had witheld information in an investigation into his then boss and president George Bush Senior [15].

Religious Affiliations

Theo-political Agendas and the “War On Terror”

Having found a strong relationship between Erik Prince and the fundamentalist Christian Right of America there are a few important questions we must ask. Firstly, if Prince and Blackwater/Xe’s involvement in the ‘war on terror’ is not purely about money - Prince claims he is ‘not a financially driven guy’ [16] - then what are the motives for running a private military company (PMC)? Secondly, is it really appropriate for a PMC like Blackwater to be donating thousands of pounds to congressional candidates and religious lobbying groups when their, supposedly competitive, contract is dependent on these peoples’ decisions? Finally, if all of the information on this page is readily available and a wealth of further reading regarding Blackwater’s misconduct and attitudes, why are they still receiving large US contracts [17]? Erik Prince has been witnessed by former employees as stating that he "views himself as a Christian crusader tasked with eliminating Muslims and the Islamic faith from the globe" [18], a statement which gives an illuminating insight into Prince's mindset. The mixing of theopolitical ideology and armed combat is a dangerous phenomenon, but is not confined to Erik Prince's operations or even to PMCs, there have been religious wars since the first religions were formed and these have often been centred around space and resources. The White House under George W Bush,for example, fell back on Christian doctrinaire rhetoric to rally America against its supposedly common enemy of terrorism, with the tacit implication that Islam was a dangerous faith. The real danger, when PMCs such as Blackwater become involved, is that they are, for all intents and purposes, unaccountable [19].In the witness testimony of John Doe #2, kept anonymous for fear of reprisals, Prince is accused of deploying men to Iraq “who shared his vision of Christian supremacy, knowing and wanting these men to take every available opportunity to murder Iraqis. Many of these men used call signs based on the Knights of the Templar, the warriors who fought the Crusades” [20]. Although Prince claims not to be a financially driven individual the company makes a large profit from pursuing Prince’s goals. The Sudanese controversy was a case in point with Blackwater attempting to negotiate a deal for almost half of Sudan’s plentiful resources in return for supplying weaponry and training to the, mostly Christian, South of the country [21]. This gives us an insight into the mixture of religious and neo-liberal agenda of Blackwater and, perhaps also, the war on terror.

Erik Prince

Erik Prince's Father Edgar Prince was a devout calvinist [22] who gave large amounts of start-up money to, amongst other things, right-wing christian organisation the Family Research Council (FRC) where Erik Prince, now a Catholic, later interned [23]. In a letter from Gary Bauer, founder and past president of the FRC, following Edgar Prince's death in 1995 Bauer proclaims 'without hesitation that without Ed and Elsa and their wonderful children, there simply would not be a Family Research Council' [24]. The organisation claims to promote 'faith, family and freedom' [25]. On closer inspection of some of the FRC's website content it is clear that the organisation only promotes the sanitised and normalised freedoms of the christian faith, openly denigrating homosexuality and abortion [26] [27]. Gary Bauer, close friend of Prince and the Prince family, is also an executive board member of Christians United for Israel(CUFI) an anti islamic Christian Zionist lobbying organisation headed up by televangelist John Hagee[28]. Erik Prince also has connections to a controversial fundamentalist Christian organisation called Christian Freedom International (CFI) where he served on the board [29]. CFI have been described by Robert Weitzel of MWC News as "a crusading missionary organization operating in the overwhelmingly Islamic countries of Sudan, Somalia, Afghanistan and Iraq" [30]. Erik Princes mother, Elsa, has so far donated $11,000 to the Campaign for Working Families [31]. (CWF), another of Bauer's right-wing Christian organisations. They purport to be against what they term 'Islamofascism' [32] and are therefore very vocal supporters of George W Bush's 'war on terror' [33]. This would seem to be of particular interest to the Prince family considering Erik Prince's vested interest in both the advancement of right-wing Christian values and the continued relevance and support for the war on terror from which he profits greatly.


Joseph Schmitz

Joseph Schmitz claims membership of the Sovereign Order of Malta[34], an ancient Catholic order which tasks itself with 'taking on the military defence of the sick, the pilgrims and the territories that the crusaders had conquered from the Moslems (emphasis added) [35]

Paul Behrends

Paul Behrends is on the board of directors for Christian Freedom International [36]

Donations to religious organisations from individuals linked to Blackwater/Xe

As mentioned above the Family Research Council received large sums of start up cash from the Prince family. According to the donation records available on Open Secrets The Prince's have continued to donate large sums of money to the FRC: Elsa Prince, Erik's mother, has given $10,000 dollars over the last two years ($5000 on 15-04-09 and $5000 on 03-05-10)[37]. Elsa's new husband Rev Rensselaer Broekhuizen donated $4,500 in 2009 spread across nine monthly payments of $500 from April [38].

Elsa Prince has also donated a large sum of money to the controversial 'unapologetically pro-life' [39] Christian organisation Campaign for Working Families which is headed up by none other than Gary Bauer. Mrs Prince has donated sporadically to this organisation since 1997 becoming more regular recently (donations of $1000 in 1998, 2001, 2007 and 2008. and donations of $2000 in 1997, 2009 & 2010) and to date has donated $11,000 [40].

Contracts

Blackwater received no-bid contracts in Iraq, Afghanistan, and post-Katrina New Orleans under the Bush administration, during which time they amassed a $500 million profit between 2004 and 2006. Although contracts are now won by bids, the profits amassed during the bush administration have allowed the now rebranded XE Services to bid considerably lower than its competitors,stifling the competition.[41]

The U.S. Department of State, on September 29th 2010, allocated a chunk of its $10billion Worldwide Protective Services (WPS) programme contract to International Development Solutions LLC [42] . This company has apparent links to Blackwater and would appear to be the most recent in a long list of 'shell' or 'front' companies set up by Blackwater to win contracts in the face of controversy surrounding Blackwater agents’ conduct. [43] [44]

Lobbying Activity

Lobbying for Xe services(Covington & Burling: 2010)

According to OpenSecrets.org in 2010 Xe Services have so far spent $700,000 on Lobbying Firm Covington & Burling [45], who according to The Vault [46] are the second most prestigeous law firm in Washington DC based on a survey carried out on 15,000 law associates in 2010.

Michael Barnes: A former congress member in the US House of Representatives between 1979 - 1987, and is also a former US Marine core Corporal. [47]
Stuart Eizenstat: Has worked within federal state government since 1977 [48], and is also a professor of Jewish history and culture. [49]
Martin Gold: A member for the united states commission for the preservation of Americas heritage abroad. Gold also Lobbys for American Task Force Argentina.[50]
Brian Smith: Worked in the white house office as assistant to the special council between 1993 - 2001 under the Clinton administration[51]
Bill Wichterman: Worked as a special assistant to president Bush in the Whitehouse between 2001 - 2008 [52]

Lobbying for Prince Group(Cromwell & Moring: 2008-2010)

More discreetly however is Xe Services continual association with Lobby firm Cromwell & Moring albeit lobbying for Xe,s parent company The Prince Group who according to opensecrets.org have spent $260,000 since 2009 to secure the firms services[53], whilst Cromwell & Morings sister firm C&M Capitolink also secured a $160,000 contract from Blackwater in 2008[54]. The firm is also home to Paul Behrends who is its senior policy advisor[55] and personal friend of Erik Prince who he has lobbied for at both firms.

Lobbying for Blackwater Lodge & Training Center(Henry J Steenstra: 2008/09)

Henry J Steenstra: According to Opensecrets.org Seenstra has recieved $430,000 for his services to Blackwater Lodge & Training centre between 2008 - 2009[56]

Threats to Transparency 2010

On August 12 2010, President Obama abolished the position of monitoring lobbying transparency by relocating his ethics czar “Norm Eisen” to the role of Czech Republic ambassador. Eisen was effective in his role and spearheaded many White House efforts to increase transparency such as the online publication of white House visitor logs and tightening of controls on the hiring of lobbyists and the contacting of former officials turned lobbyists[57]. The work which Eisen was previously responsible for has now been dissolved with most duties now delegated to Bob Bauer; a partisan ex-lobbyist who is openly antagonistic to the notion of disclosure by government and politicians[58]. This according to the sunlight foundation; a non profit, non partisan foundation which strives for government transparency is the “Biggest lobbying success of the year”.

Affiliations/ Donations

IPOA

IPOA (International Peace Operations Association) Until 2007 Blackwater worldwide were members of the IPOA (International Peace Operations Association) whose main function is to promote high operational and ethical standards for firms who are active in the peace and stability operations industry. Their conduct code denotes that “All member companies subscribe to the ISOA Code of Conduct, which represents a constructive effort towards better regulating private sector operations in conflict and post-conflict environments. It reflects our belief that high standards will both benefit the industry and serve the greater causes of peace, development, and human security”[59]. The Nisour square event in 2007 brought an end to any affiliation with the IPOA due to the bloody and unethical outcome of the event[60]. Fear of internal investigation by the trade association may have been the motive behind Blackwaters descision to withdraw from the IPOA[61]

Dana Rohrabacher

The republican representative of California and former member of congress Dana Rohrabacher[62] who Prince had worked with as in intern at the white house in 1990[63]. In October 2007 Rohrabacher continued to show public support for Prince’s Blackwater despite the bloodshed Blackwater had caused In Baghdad’s Nisour square two weeks earlier by stating ““Prince is on his way to being an American hero just like Ollie North was”[64] . Ollie North being the Military figurehead of the 1986 Iran-Contra affair who was involved in the sale of U.S weaponry to Iran, whilst overseeing that the payments were diverted to Nicaragua to fund the Anti-communist insurgent group ‘the Contras’ [65]. These insights to Rohrabacher’s language indicate his support for an American Hegemonic agenda and support for the spread of capitalism. Giving further credence to this claim was Rohrabacher’s appearance on MSNBC's The Ed Show on 23rd June 2009, where he accused President Obama of allowing violence in Iran to get out of hand because he does not speak forcefully enough against the country's leadership[66], confirming Rohrabacher’s attitude to American influence within the middle east. Prince’s ties with Rohrabacher are still clearly evident as Prince hosted a fundraiser event at his own private residence on May 9th 2010 for a campaign to re-elect Rohrabacher to Congress[67]

Controversies/Issues

Blackwater/Xe have been involved in, or are alleged to have been involved in, many controversies since their business flourished in the wake of 9/11 and George W Bushes 'War on Terror' [68]. They have been implicated in criminal activity ranging from the breaking of trade embargoes to more serious allegations of false flag terrorist attacks in Pakistan [69]. The company's religious connections, through members' affiliations and donations, have also been the subject of scrutiny. the fundamentalist Christian and Christian Zionist connection is particularly pertinent due to their overwhelming military involvement in Arab Muslim states. This, along with their relative unaccountability, gives rise to one of the most contraversial elements of the Blackwater story - their ability to continue recieveing state contracts in light of all this [70].


’Peace keeping’ force or religious crusade?

In June 2010 Blackwater narrowly escaped a crushing criminal charge of violating US export regulation in Sudan. In 2005 Blackwater Worldwide set in motion a series of business meetings with the Sudanese government. Sudan’s history of political and religious unrest was, it was decided by The board of Blackwater, a perfect example of a front in George W Bush’s ‘war on terror’ [71]. The predominantly Muslim North and Christian/Animist South presented a clear divide in the country which Blackwater claimed it could address by ‘boost[ing] African troops’ in the southern region [72]. This can be seen as a dangerous development in the growth of a PMC owned by a self proclaimed ‘Christian Crusader’ [73]. Along with their connections to high profile fundamentalist Christian and Christian Zionist organisations Blackwater’s ambition to provide a ‘small, nimble, brigade-size force’ [74] (see 'Video 1' above) available, at a price, for ‘peace keeping’ missions is worrying, particularly in countries such as Sudan with such clear religious tension.

Nisour Square Masacre

On Sept 16th 2007 Blackwater operatives working in Baghdad opened fire on a busy square after they aleged they had been shot at. They killed 16 unarmed civillians before they stopped firing [75]. This shows a worrying disregard for the lifes of Iraqi people, particularly in light of the accusations that Prince deploys men to Iraq who share "his vision of Christian supremacy, knowing and wanting these men to take every available opportunity to murder Iraqis" [76]. The apparently expendable nature of arab life to Blackwater employees seems to be a recuring theme in the coverage of their activity in Iraq. Other accusations include the wikileak evidence that Blackwater agents regularly open fire on vehicles which get close to their convoys without hesitation, even shooting dead an ambulance driver attending a bomb blast [77].

Prince's attitude towards the Arab states

In a rare audio recording which emerged in May 2010, Prince addresses a friendly audience, unaware that his speech is being recorded. In the speech when asked by a member of the audience

"Aren’t you concerned that your folks aren’t covered under the Geneva Convention in dealing in the likes of Iraq or Afghanistan or Pakistan?" Price replied, "Absolutely not," because these people, they crawled out of the sewer, and they have a 1200 A.D. mentality. They’re barbarians. They don’t know that there’s—they don’t even know where Geneva is, let alone that there was a convention there. [78] This infers that Prince shows little regard for the Geneva convention which stipulaties the humanitarian treatment of all war victims [79] and also gives insight to his attitudes towards race.

Illegal weapon smuggling

statements given to the District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia by two of Prince’s former employees states clearly that Prince is or was involved in illegal activity both abroad and on U.S. soil. One of the key accusations within the statement of John Doe #1 (JD1), so called for fear of reprisals, is outlined in point 21 where Prince is implicated in the illegal arms trade. The witness alleges that Prince has been involved in illegally supplying his operatives in Iraq with certain types of weaponry banned by the U.S. contracting authorities, perhaps somewhat ironically, on humanitarian grounds. These weapons were, it is alleged, flown into Iraq using one of Prince’s companies Presidential Airways Inc [80]. In a statement from another ex-operative of Blackwater the allegation of weapon smuggling re surfaces when the witness states that on opening bags of ‘dog food’ another Blackwater employee had pulled out a number of illegal weapons. According to both statements, the illegal weapons smuggled into Iraq have been used by Blackwater operatives in the exercise of ‘excessive and unnecessary force’[81] in many cases wounding or killing innocent civilians. John Doe #2 (JD2) also states that a number of these incidents, witnessed by JD2, went uncontested by Blackwater and were never reported to the State Department as stipulated in their contract. JD2 also states that there was no attempt to ascertain whether the civilians involved were in need of medical attention or, indeed, whether they were dead. [82]

Lawsuits

21st October 2009

On the 21st of October 2009, Xe Services (formerly known as Blackwater Worldwide), along with Erik Prince, stood accused of five counts of war crimes by the families of some of their Iraqi victims along with some of the wounded Iraqi civilians. The case presented by the victims, represented by lead attorney Susan Burke, was ordered by Judge Ellis to be re-filed in accordance to recent legal changes. Judge Ellis also dismissed the Blackwater defensive stance, stating that “so narrow is the scope of [Blackwater's] standard that it would exclude murders of civilians committed by soldiers where there was no legitimate 'military objective' for committing the murders”. As part of these lawsuits, Erik Prince was accused by the Iraqis of heading an organised crime syndicate and using this position to order the killings of Iraqi civilians. [83]

10th September 2010

In September 2010, an American businessman claimed that Blackwater paid him to provide them the company with weapons and drugs. Between 2003 and 2009, Howard Lowry was based in Iraq and made the allegations at a lawsuit brought against Blackwater by two former employees, Brad and Melan Davis. The lawsuit was filed to expose the actions of Blackwater in Afghanistan and contained allegations of fraud against Erik Prince. Lowry also spoke of his experiences of drug use and violence at parties among Blackwater employees. He claimed, “Drug use was rampant” and that Blackwater personnel would use their weapons to “spray the building next door, which housed Iraqi civilians”. Lowry also described these parties as “beyond out of control”. [84]

Notes

  1. ↑ Scahill, J. 2008. Blackwater: The Rise of the World's Most Powerful Mercenary Army. Serpent's Tail, London
  2. ↑ Xe Services Xe Training Last Updated 2010, Accessed 4th Nov 2010
  3. ↑ Peter Beaumont CIA terror link puts rebranded Blackwater under fire again The Guardian Online, 20th Aug 2009, Accessed 4th Nov 2010
  4. ↑ Right Web Erik Prince Accessed 4th Nov 2010
  5. ↑ Sourcewatch Xe 10th June 2010, Accessed 4th Nov 2010
  6. ↑ Xe Services LLC
  7. ↑ Associated Press, "US security firm mired in Iraq controversy changes its name", Guardian.co.uk, 13th Feb 2009, accessed 12th Oct 2010
  8. ↑ Public Intelligence Blackwater/Xe Front Companies Chart 6th Sept 2010, accessed 2nd Nov 2010
  9. ↑ Open Secrets Paul Behrends: Lobbyist profile, summary 1998 accessed 3rd Nov
  10. ↑ Open Secrets Paul Behrends: Lobbyist profile, summary 2008 accessed 3rd Nov 2010
  11. ↑ Open Secrets Paul Behrends: Lobbyist Profile, Summary 2009 accessed 3rd Nov 2010
  12. ↑ Scahill, J. What is Blackwater’s Role in the 2008 Presidential Race? Democracy Now!, 10th December 2007, Accessed 4th Nov 2010
  13. ↑ Jeremy Scahill Bipartisan Mercs?: Blackwater Hires Powerful Democratic Lobbyist The Nation Online, 14th May 2010, accessed 30th Oct 2010
  14. ↑ Right Web Erik Prince 2nd aug 2010, accessed 2nd Nov 2010
  15. ↑ Corpwatch US: Pentagon's Top Watchdog Resigned Amid Claims of Stonewalling Inquiries 3rd Sept 2005, accessed 2nd Nov 2010
  16. ↑ Prince, E Prince: Our Profit Margins Are Private 2nd Oct 2007, Accessed 15th Nov 2010
  17. ↑ Parvaz, D. Blackwater Gets New US Contract Al Jazeera online, 2nd Oct 2010, Accessed 15th Nov 2010
  18. ↑ Scahill, Jeremy "the blackwater plot deepens" Guardian.co.uk, nov 11th 2009, accessed October 16th 2010
  19. ↑ BBC Blackwater Boss Grilled Over Iraq 2nd Oct 2007, Accessed 15th Nov 2010
  20. ↑ Prince in Skahill Blackwater Founder Implicated In Murder 4th Aug 2009, Accessed 15th Nov 2010
  21. ↑ Mcclatchy Newspapers Blackwater’s Sudan Operations Ignored U.S. Sanctions 27th June 2010, Accessed 15th Nov 2010
  22. ↑ Pelton, 2007. Licenced to Kill: Hired Guns in the War on Terror. Three Rivers Press, New York
  23. ↑ Scahill, J. 2008. Blackwater: The Rise Of The Worlds Most Powerful Mercenary Army. Serpent's Tail London p72
  24. ↑ Bauer G Letter from Family Research Council President Gary Bauer 13th April 1995, accessed 3rd Nov 2010
  25. ↑ FRC About FRC accessed 2nd Nov 2010
  26. ↑ Sprigg, P. 2010 The Top Ten Myths About HomosexualityFRC, accessed 2nd Nov 2010
  27. ↑ FRC Human Life and Bioethics: Abortionaccessed 2010
  28. ↑ CUFI Executive board Accessed 5th Nov 2010
  29. ↑ Rightweb Erik Prince 2nd Aug 2010, accessed 3rd Nov 2010
  30. ↑ Weitzel, R U.S. Military's Middle East Crusade for Christ 14th June 2008, accessed 3rd Nov 2010
  31. ↑ Open Secrets Donor Lookup Accessed 10th Nov 2010
  32. ↑ CWF Barack Obama - The Candidate of Defeat Accessed 10th Nov 2010
  33. ↑ CWF Barack Obama - The Candidate of Defeat Accessed 10th Nov 2010
  34. ↑ Scahill, J. 2008. Blackwater: The Rise of the World's Most Powerful Mercenary Army. Serpent's Tail, London p361
  35. ↑ Order of Malta 960 years of history accessed 3rd Nov 2010
  36. ↑ CFI CFI Board of Directors Accessed 3rd Nov 2010
  37. ↑ Open Secrets Donor Lookup Accessed 10th Nov 2010
  38. ↑ Open Secrets Donor Lookup Accessed 10th Nov 2010
  39. ↑ Campaign for Working Families Gary Bauer Biography Accessed 10th Nov 2010
  40. ↑ Open Secrets Donor Lookup Accessed 10th Nov 2010
  41. ↑ Pervez, F Blackwater, Cant Stop, Wont Stop 6th August 2010, accessed 09th November 2010
  42. ↑ US Department of State "The Worldwide Protective Services (WPS) program provides comprehensive protective security services to support U.S. Department of State operations around the world" Federal Business Opportunities, 29th Sept 2010, accessed 16th Oct 2010
  43. ↑ Parvaz, D “’Blackwater’ gets new US contract” Aljazeera 2nd Oct 2010 accessed on 16th Oct 2010
  44. ↑ Public Intelligence “Blackwater Used More Than 30 Front Companies to Obtain Government Contracts” Public Intelligence Online, 6th Sept 2010, accessed on 16th Oct 2010
  45. ↑ Opensecrets.org 2010 Influence & Lobbying, Xe Services November 2010, accessed 09th November 2010
  46. ↑ The Vault 2010 Law Firm Rankings 2011 November 2010, accessed 09th November 2010
  47. ↑ Opensecrets.org 2010 Influence & Lobbying, Michael D Barnes November 2010, accessed 09thNovember 2010
  48. ↑ Opensecrets.org 2010 Influence & Lobbying, Stuart E Eizenstat November 2010, accessed 09thNovember 2010
  49. ↑ Holocaust era assets Conference 2009 Stuart E. Eizenstat will head the US delegation at the Holocaust Era 2009, accessed 08thNovember 2010
  50. ↑ Opensecrets.org 2010 Influence & Lobbying, Martin B Gold November 2010, accessed 09th November 2010
  51. ↑ Opensecrets.org 2010 Influence & Lobbying, Brian Smith November 2010, accessed 09th November 2010
  52. ↑ Opensecrets.org 2010 Influence & Lobbying, Bill Wichterman November 2010, accessed 09th November 2010
  53. ↑ Opensecrets.org 2010 Influence & Lobbying November 2010, accessed 11th November 2010
  54. ↑ Opensecrets.org 2010 Influence & Lobbying C&M Capitolink November 2010, accessed 10th November 2010
  55. ↑ Cromwell & Moring 2010Professionals November 2010, accessed 10th November 2010
  56. ↑ Opensecrets.org 2010 Influence & Lobbying, Henry J Steenstra November 2010, accessed 16th November 2010
  57. ↑ Paul Blumenthal 2010 Lobbyists Celebrate Departure of White House Ethics Chief August 2010, accessed 22nd October 2010
  58. ↑ Timothy Carney Obama Closes Curtain on Transparency August 2010, accessed 22nd October 2010
  59. ↑ Ipoa 2010 about Isoa1st September 2010, accessed 20thOctober 2010
  60. ↑ Asia Times2010 Contracters stirred by sexy tales18th February 2010, accessed 19th October 2010
  61. ↑ Herald Scotland 2007 Blackwater leaves monitoring group16th October 2007, accessed 10th November 2010
  62. ↑ Dana Rohrabacher 2010, “About Dana”,” rohrabacher.house.gov 2010, accessed 14th November 2010
  63. ↑ Institute for Policy Studies 2010, “Erik Prince”,”rightweb.irc-online.org”, 02nd Aug 2010, accessed 14th November 2010
  64. ↑ Think Progress 2007, “[ http://thinkprogress.org/2007/10/09/rohrabacher-prince-hero/ Rohrabacher: Blackwater CEO Is ‘An American Hero Just Like Ollie North Was’]”, “Think Progress.org 2007, accessed 14th November 2010
  65. ↑ Sourcewatch Dana Rohrabacher Accessed 17th Nov 2010
  66. ↑ Votesmart.org 2009MSNBC "The Ed Show" Interview – Transcript”, “Votesmart.org 2009, accessed 13th November 2010
  67. ↑ Opencongress.org 2010, “Fundraisers for Dana Rohrabacher”, “Opencongress.org 2010, accessed 13th November 2010
  68. ↑ George W Bush Full Text: President Bush Declares "War on Terror" 20th Sept 2001, Accessed 9th Nov 2010
  69. ↑ Brinkley, J. Murderous tactics are fueling terrorist propaganda 5th Nov 2010, Accessed 9th Nov 2010
  70. ↑ Scahill, J. Blackwater's New Sugar Daddy: The Obama Administration 28th June 2010, Accessed 9th Nov 2010
  71. ↑ Mcclatchy 2010 Feds won’t charge Blackwater in Sudan sanctions case 27th June 2010, accessed 16thOctober 2010
  72. ↑ Sudan Tribune US Security firm proposes peacekeeping troops for Darfur 2nd April 2006, Accessed 5th Nov 2010
  73. ↑ Scahill, Jeremy "the blackwater plot deepens" Guardian.co.uk, nov 11th 2009, accessed October 16th 2010
  74. ↑ Sudan Tribune US Security firm proposes peacekeeping troops for Darfur 2nd April 2006, Accessed 5th Nov 2010
  75. ↑ Scahill Iraqis Sue Blackwater for Baghdad Killings The Nation, 11th Oct 2007, Accessed 16th Nov 2010
  76. ↑ Prince in Skahill Blackwater Founder Implicated In Murder 4th Aug 2009, Accessed 15th Nov 2010
  77. ↑ Cockburn Baghdad to investigate role of Blackwater in deaths The Independent, 25th Oct 2010, Accessed 16th Nov 2010
  78. ↑ Democracy Now, Exclusive: Secret recordings of Erik Prince reveals Previously undisclosed Blackwater ops Democracy Now Online, 4th May 2010, accessed 18th Oct 2010
  79. ↑ International Commitee of the Red Cross, The Geneva Conventions of 1949 International Committee for the Red Cross Online, 3rd Sept 2009, accessed 18th Oct 2010
  80. ↑ The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia Declaration of John Doe #1 27th July 2009, Accessed 4th Nov 2010
  81. ↑ The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia "The Nation Online" Cited in scahill, 2009, accessed October 24th 2010
  82. ↑ The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia Declaration of John Doe #2 Cited in scahill, 2009, accessed October 24th 2010
  83. ↑ Ellis in Scahill Judge Refuses to Dismiss War Crimes Against BlackwaterThe Nation Online, 9th Nov 2009, accessed 17th Nov 2010
  84. ↑ Lowry in Scahill US Businessman: Blackwater Paid Me to Buy Steroids and Weapons on Black Market for its ShootersThe Nation Online, 23rd Sept 2010, accessed 26th Oct 2010
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