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| − | The '''World Wildlife Fund''' is a major wildlife conservation body that is now known as the [[World Wide Fund for Nature]] (WWF).
| + | ''See main article'': [[WWF]] |
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| − | ==Corporate ties==
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| − | Writing in 1997, Brian Tokar observed how the World Wildlife Fund was
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| − | :associated with nineteen corporations cited in the National Wildlife Federation's recent survey of the 500 worst industrial polluters. These companies included such recognized environmental offenders as [[Union Carbide]], [[Exxon]], [[Monsanto]], [[Weyerhaeuser]], [[Du Pont]], and [[Waste Management]].<ref>Brian Tokar, ''Earth for Sale: Reclaiming Ecology in the Age of Corporate Greenwash'', South End Press, 1997, pp. 20, 25, cited by Michael Barker in "[http://www.swans.com/library/art14/barker07.html#49 The Philanthropic Roots Of Corporate Environmentalism]", Swans Commentary, 3 November 2008, accessed January 2009.</ref>
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| − | In her book ''Green, Inc.'', journalist and former employee of [[Conservation International]] Christine MacDonald lays bare the corporate ties of WWF-US, the US branch of WWF-International:
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| − | :Its partners include mining, logging, consumer goods, financial services, high-tech, and large retailers.<ref>Christine MacDonald, Green, Inc., Lyons Press, 2008, p. xiv</ref>
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| − | WWF's corporate partners are perhaps not surprising in the light of its board of directors, which includes [[Pamela Ebsworth]], the wife of retired cruise ship baron Barney Ebsworth; [[GE]] executive [[Pamela Daley]], and [[S. Curtis Johnson]], the [[Johnson & Johnson]] heir.<ref>Christine MacDonald, Green, Inc., Lyons Press, 2008, p. 24</ref>
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| − | ==Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS)==
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| − | In 2005 the WWF launched the so-called Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS), in November 2006.<ref>"[http://www.lasojamata.org/files/RTbriefing%202008_6.pdf The Round Table on Ir-Responsible Soy: Certifying Soy Expansion, GM Soy and Agrofuels]" ASEED Europe, April 2008, p. 8, accessed January 2009.</ref> The WWF has come under heavy criticism for its role in this forum.
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| − | The RTRS arose out of a recognition that the problems with soy cultivation in South America are many and serious. They include deforestation of the Amazon rainforest for the planting of soy monocultures, soil erosion and depletion, destruction of biodiversity, and rural depopulation and poverty. Most controversially, most of the soy grown in South America is genetically modified Roundup Ready soy, which brings all the risks associated with [[Genetically Modified (GM) Foods - Renewed Threat to Europe|GM foods]] in general. Added to these risks are the problems caused by the aerial spraying of Roundup (glyphosate) and other herbicides, which cause health problems in rural people and their livestock and animals, and poison water supplies and soil.<ref>"[http://www.lasojamata.org/files/RTbriefing%202008_6.pdf The Round Table on Ir-Responsible Soy: Certifying Soy Expansion, GM Soy and Agrofuels]" ASEED Europe, April 2008, accessed January 2009.</ref>
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| − | The growing hostility to GM soy monocultures in South America and the strong consumer opposition to GM soy, particularly in Europe, add up to a PR nightmare for the big players who want to hide their culpability for the real impact of GM soy, and to obscure the whole GM issue by turning up the volume on issues around climate change and so-called sustainability. They hope that people will lose sight of the GM issue behind the green smokescreen of "sustainable [GM] soy".
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| − | With this in mind, the RTRS was set up as a forum to help the industry move towards more sustainable practice.<ref>"[http://www.responsiblesoy.org/ Who We Are]", Round Table on Responsible Soy Association website, accessed January 2009.</ref>
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| − | In 2007, the Dutch NGO Solidaridad was invited to be a member and took a seat on the board. Solidaridad says:
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| − | :The ultimate aim [of RTRS] is to increase the proportion of verifiably responsible soy on the market (it is now one percent). In 2007, a special committee was appointed by the Round Table to determine the international criteria for responsible soy.<ref>"[www.solidaridad.nl/files/jaarverslagEN2007.pdf Solidaridad Annual report 2007]", Solidaridad, March 2008, accessed January 2009.</ref>
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| − | The idea of the project is that soy approved by the RTRS would carry a label reassuring consumers that the product was sustainably and ethically produced.
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| − | However, critics have pointed out that it is not possible for the RTRS to achieve this when it is heavily corporate-funded and corporate-friendly. What is more, the RTRS will actively militate against sustainability by giving its rubber-stamp of approval to destructive soy production. ASEED, an NGO and critic of the RTRS, says:
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| − | :organisations and movements from across Latin America have criticised the very existence of the Round Table saying it merely seeks to legitimise the irresponsible and unsustainable practice of industrial soy production and justify even greater expansion, regardless of the human and environmental costs.<ref>"[http://www.lasojamata.org/files/RTbriefing%202008_6.pdf The Round Table on Ir-Responsible Soy: Certifying Soy Expansion, GM Soy and Agrofuels]" ASEED Europe, April 2008, accessed January 2009.</ref>
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| − | ASEED says of the RTRS criteria will not benefit growers or consumers, but only the industry:
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| − | :Evidence from so-called "responsible soy" projects in Paraguay suggests that the Round Table will make little difference to the day-to-day activities of soy producers. The criteria being put forward are too weak, too superficial and to narrow focused on technical issues to make a real difference to the social and environmental damage being done by soy. In addition, the economical impunity of the agribusiness in the producing countries makes it unlikely that even these weak "sustainable" measures are to be enforced.
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| − | :But the criteria, which incomprehensibly have the backing of some conservation NGOs, will be hugely beneficial to the soy producers seeking to provide reassurance to European governments and consumers who are concerned by the damage being done. The Round Table‘s criteria will provide a valuable coat of greenwash, legitimising the damaging practice on the ground.
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| − | In addition, the RTRS's sustainability criteria do not even mention GM soy, even though most of the soy grown in South America is GM and the massive expansion of GM soy planting in the region has directly caused many of the problems claimed to be addressed by the RTRS. FETRAF, a Brazilian family farmers‘ organisation, pulled out of the RTRS because it was not sufficiently addressing its concerns, including the production of GM soy.<ref>"[http://www.lasojamata.org/files/RTbriefing%202008_6.pdf The Round Table on Ir-Responsible Soy: Certifying Soy Expansion, GM Soy and Agrofuels]" ASEED Europe, April 2008, p. 9, accessed January 2009.</ref>
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| − | ==Protest shows lack of transparency==
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| − | During the 1st Conference of the Roundtable on Sustainable Soy in March 2005, civil society organizations held a counter-conference in Foz de Iguazu, Brazil to discuss the problems caused by soy production. They concluded that “sustainability and monoculture are fundamentally irreconcilable, as are the interests of peasant societies and agribusiness.”<ref>"[http://www.grr.org.ar/iguazu/docfinal-en.html Final Document of the Iguazú Counter Conference on the Impacts of Soya and Monocultures]", ITEPA (Technological and Educational Institute for Agrarian Reform), San Miguel de Iguazú, Brazil, 16-18 March 2005, accessed January 2009.</ref>
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| − | Participants at the 1st Conference in 2005 "agreed on an open, transparent, multi-sectoral and participatory process".<ref>"[http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/policy/agriculture_environment/news/?19199 Agreement reached on finding solutions for responsible soy production]", WWF website, 18 March 2005, accessed January 2009.</ref>
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| − | But this is belied by what happened to an attempted protest around the 3rd Round Table on Responsible Soy in Beunos Aires in May 2008. It was caught on camera and the resulting video (in 2 parts) shows clearly that the Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS) is neither transparent nor inclusive of the people most directly affected by GM soy.<ref>"[http://www.grain.org/videos/?id=174 Protests around the 3rd Round Table on Responsible Soy - May 2008]", GRAIN, accessed January 2009.</ref>Civil society groups and farmers who traveled from Paraguay to the event were denied access to the hotel conference hall where the forum was taking place. They were told that they had to register in advance and pay $400 to get in – a sum, as one protestor pointed out, that many of them had never seen in their lives. Finally, they were ejected from the building by police.
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| − | WWF defends its involvement in the Round Table on Responsible Soy by saying that is about assuring the sustainable production of soy whether it is GM or non-GM. But this is total sophistry. GM soy is fundamentally NOT sustainable. As the Argentinian agronomist Walter Pengue and the Berkeley agro-ecologist Miguel Altieri note:
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| − | :The production of herbicide-resistant soybean leads to environmental problems such as deforestation, soil degradation, pesticide and genetic contamination. Socio-economic consequences include severe concentration of land and income, the expulsion of rural populations to the Amazonian frontier and to urban areas, compounding the concentration of the poor in cities. Soybean expansion also diverts government funds otherwise usable in education, health, and alternative, far more sustainable agroecological methods.<ref>Miguel Altieri and Walter Pengue, "[http://www.grain.org/seedling/?id=421 GM Soybean: Latin America's New Coloniser]", GRAIN, January 2006, accessed January 2009.</ref>
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| − | ==Corporate members of the RTRS==
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| − | The RTRS has 32 members from industry, banks and supermarkets, including the major crushers ADM, Bunge and Cargill, and 9 large-scale producers. All have interests in keeping up the expansion of soy monocultures in South America. Here is a partial list of corporate members:
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| − | [[ACSOJA]] | [[Aprosoya]] | [[Archer Daniels Midland]] (ADM) | [[Biofuels Corporation Trading Ltd.]] | [[BioPetrol Trading Zug AG]] | [[BP]] International | [[Bunge]] | [[Campina]] | [[Cargill]] | [[Carrefour]] | [[Danisco]] | [[EOP Biodiesel AG]] | [[Greenergy International]] | [[Marks & Spencer]] | [[Rabobank]] | [[Shell] International | [[Somerfield Stores]] | [[Swedish Dairy Association]] | [[TM Chemicals LP]] | [[Wageningen University and Research Centre]] (Plant Sciences Group)]] | [[Unilever]] | <ref>"[http://www.responsiblesoy.org/members.php RTRS members]", RTRS website, accessed January 2009.</ref>
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| − | ==Civil society organization members of the RTRS==
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| − | Civil society organization members of the RTRS include the WWF, [[Conservation International]], [[The Nature Conservancy]], and [[Solidaridad]].<ref>"[http://www.responsiblesoy.org/members.php RTRS members]", RTRS website, accessed January 2009.</ref>
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| − | ==Notes==
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| − | <references/>
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| − | [[Category:NGO's]][[Category:GM]][[Category:GM]][[Category:Biofuels]][[Category:Biofuels Lobby Groups]]
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