Transparency International
Transparency International (TI) is an NGO operating under the slogan "fighting corruption worldwide"[1]. The organisations stated mission is "the relief of poverty, suffering and distress in any part of the world caused directly or indirectly by corruption", "the promotion, for the public benefit, of ethical standards of conduct and compliance with the law by the public and private sectors in international and domestic business transactions and overseas development initiatives", and "increasing awareness of corruption and its effects through communication initiatives to the wider public and active engagement with our membership"[2]. Writing in The Guardian, Calvin Tucker describes the tension between the media perception and funding of Transparency International, he argues:
- "The international corporate media considers TI to be a reliable source, despite the fact that almost all their funding comes from western governments and big business. The British government is one of the major donors, contributing £1 million in 2007. Other donors include the US government, Shell and Exxon Mobil".[3]
Contents
History
Transparency International was founded in 1993 by Peter Eigen, Michael Hershman, Jeremy Pope, Laurence Cockcroft, Joe Githongo, Michael Hershman, Kamal Hossein, and Frank Vogl[4]. Founding member Jeremy Pope described in an interview the emergence of an idea "that a group could organise to campaign against corruption on the part of the rich multinationals in the North as one way of helping the South with the problem that it was experiencing"[5].
According to Jeremy Pope the World Bank dismissed corruption as a political issue and refused to broach the topic until James Wolfenson became the president of the organisation. Pope describes this example of a shift in policy towards corruption as important because "One of our missions in TI was to reverse the policies of the World Bank, United Nations Development Programme and so on, on the corruption issue and very quickly, we’ve achieved them. It was really quite phenomenal. We thought it might take about 10 years and it had taken months rather than years."[6].
Activities
Transparency International publish a Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), which according to Jeremy Pope "was developed because journalists kept asking, "Who were the worst countries? Who were the best?"[7]. The organisation are operate a series of five programmes each tackling corruption in a different area. The programs are designated the following topics:
- Programme 1 - Corruption in the Infrastructure, Construction and Engineering Sector
- Programme 2 - Defence Against Corruption
- Programme 3 - UK Anti-Corruption Strategy and Implementation of International Conventions
- Programme 4 - Domestic Corruption and Reform of Corruption Law
- Programme 5 - Increasing Awareness of the Impacts of Corruption and Fraud[8].
Controversy
Jamaica
Beth Aub was the general secretary for the Jamaica chapter of Transparency International. She resigned her membership of the ‘global anti-corruption body’ in 2004, alleging corrupt practices such as "facilitation payments" by TI, a term she described as another name for bribery and corruption.[9]
United States
Venezuela
Funders
| ABB | AMEC | Anglo American |
| Bombardier | BP International | Consolidated Contractors |
| EBRD | Fluor Corporation | Halcrow Group |
| Hilti Corporation | Hochtief | International Federation of Inspection Agencie |
| ISIS Equity Partners | KPMG | Motorola |
| Novo Nordisk | Obayashi Corporation | Pfizer |
| PricewaterhouseCoopers | Rio Tinto | SGS |
| SIKA | Skanska | SNC Lavalin |
| Deutsche Bank | ||
| Between € 50,000 AND € 200,000: | ||
|---|---|---|
| Federal Foreign Office - Germany | Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DANIDA) | Chr. Michelsen Institute - Norway |
| Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) | Ireland AID | The Charles S. Mott Foundation USA |
| Over € 200,000: | ||
| European Commission | Ministry for Foreign Affairs - Finland | Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) - Germany |
| Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) | US Agency for International Development (USAID) | Department for International Development (DFID) - UK |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs - The Netherlands | Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) | Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) |
| The Ford Foundation - USA | AVINA Group - Switzerland | Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) |
| Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs | ||
| Private Sector | ||
| TI also received "generous contributions" from participants in the Global Corporations for Transparency International (GCTI) initiative [10]: | ||
| Exxon | General Electric | Lafarge |
| Merck | Norsk Hydro | SAP AG |
| Shell International | Sovereign Asset Management Sovereign Global Development Anglo American | Nexen UBS |
| Companies participating in this initiative typically contribute 50,000 Euro per year to Transparency International. | ||
| Participants in private sector projects | ||
| ABB | Amanco | Bombardier |
| BP | Calvert | Consolidated Contractors |
| F&C Asset Management | Fluor Corporation | Halcrow |
| Hilti | Hochtief | International Federation of Inspection Agencies |
| ISIS | Merck | Motorola |
| Norsk Hydro | Pfizer | PricewaterhouseCoopers |
| Rio Tinto | SGS | Sika |
| Skanska | SNC Lavalin | TRACE |
| Individuals and Other Donors | ||
| William F. Biggs (USA) | Hartmut Fischer (Germany) | Arnesto Gonçalves Segredo (The Netherlands) |
| Basel Institute on Governance (Switzerland) | Center for International Private Enterprise (CIPE USA) | Deutsche Investitions und Entwicklungsgesellschaft (DEG Germany) |
| European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) | Fondation Pro Victimis (Switzerland) | Gesamtverband Kommunikationsagenturen (GWA Germany) |
| KPMG | IHK Frankfurt (Germany) | Lahmeyer International |
| Ministry for Foreign Affairs Norway | Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade New Zealand (NZAID) | Partners of the Americas (USA) |
| Stockholm International Water Institute (Sweden) | The World Bank (IBRD) | |
|
Source: [11] |
||
Affiliations
See Also
Contact, References and Resources
Websites
- Transparency International Secretariat
- Alt-Moabit 96
- 10559 Berlin
- Tel. +49-30-3438 20-0
- Fax +49-30-3470 3912
- Principal: www.transparency.org
- Ireland: transparency.ie
Contact
Resources
- The origins and motivations of the current emphasis on corruption by Julie Bajolle, Joint Research Centre on Transnational Crime, Italy This article offers a critical analysis of the development of the anticorruption movement and of the anticorruption NGO Transparency International. It looks at the self-interest underlying some anti-corruption initiatives, and at the composition and management of Transparency International.
- Dr. Michel van Hulten (2007) Ten years of Corruption (Perceptions) Indices
- The International AntiCorruption Movement
- Mondialisation & délocalisations
- The "International Anti Corruption Movement”,
- ECPR Joint Sessions, Nicosia 2006 Workshop directors: Luís de Sousa (CIES ISCTE, Portugal) and Barry Hindess (ANU, Australia)
References
- ↑ About Us, About Tranparency International UK, Transparency International, Accessed 29-June-2009
- ↑ Mission, About Us, Transparency International, Accessed 06-July-2009
- ↑ Calvin Tucker, Seeing through Transparency International, The Guardian, Comment is Free, 22 May 2008.
- ↑ Jeremy Pope, Conversations:Anti-Corruption Crusader, Sun2Surf, 28-October-2005, Accessed 29-June-2009
- ↑ Jeremy Pope, Conversations:Anti-Corruption Crusader, Sun2Surf, 28-October-2005, Accessed 29-June-2009
- ↑ Jeremy Pope, Conversations:Anti-Corruption Crusader, Sun2Surf, 28-October-2005, Accessed 29-June-2009
- ↑ Jeremy Pope, Conversations:Anti-Corruption Crusader, Sun2Surf, 28-October-2005, Accessed 29-June-2009
- ↑ About Us, Strategic Plan 2007-2010, Transparency International, Accessed 06-July-2009
- ↑ Bolaji Abdullahi, Bribery Scandal Rocks Transparency International, thisdayonline.com, 16-November-2004, Accessed 24-June-2009
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ [2]
