Difference between revisions of "Erinys International"

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Erinys International was founded in 2002 by apartheid-era South African military intelligence officer [[Sean Cleary ]]<ref>Andy Clarno & Salim Vally, [http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=15&ItemID=7376 Privatised War: The South African Connection], ''ZNet'', March 6, 2005</ref> and [[Jonathan Garratt]] a former British army officer.<ref>Neil Mackay, ''Sunday Herald'', May 9, 2004</ref>  The firm&#39;s management includes Major-General [[John Holmes]], the former director of [[UK Special Forces]] and head of the [[SAS]].<ref>Antony Barnett & Patrick Smith, [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,1350829,00.html British guard firm ‘abused scared Iraqi shepherd boy’], ''The Observer'', November 14, 2004</ref>
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Erinys International is a security company which specialises in providing security guards in conflict zones including armed personnel - also known as mercenaries.  Erinys International was founded in 2002 by [[Jonathan Garratt]] a former British army officer.<ref>Neil Mackay, ''Sunday Herald'', May 9, 2004</ref>  The firm&#39;s management includes Major-General [[John Holmes]], the former director of [[UK Special Forces]] and head of the [[SAS]].<ref>Antony Barnett & Patrick Smith, [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,1350829,00.html British guard firm ‘abused scared Iraqi shepherd boy’], ''The Observer'', November 14, 2004</ref> In 2002 and 2003, the Executive Chairman was [[Sean Cleary]] a former South African military intelligence and diplomatic operative who went on to run pro-Apartheid lobbying and propaganda operations. 
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==History of Erinys==
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Although it is widely reported that [[Sean Cleary]] was amongst the founders,<ref>Andy Clarno & Salim Vally, [http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=15&ItemID=7376 Privatised War: The South African Connection], ''ZNet'', March 6, 2005</ref> he in fact joined the company shortly after it was founded. The idea that he was a founder may be have encouraged by Cleary's own account in which he referred to a 'merger' between a company he directed ([[Strategic Concepts]]) and EI. Cleary referred to the creation of 'a potentially larger risk management advisory business, incorporating *business* (intelligence and investigative), *environment* and *physical *risk advisory services, and growing the *socio-political* risk component (already offered by [[Stratregic Concepts|Strategic]]) through better marketing.<ref>Sean Cleary 'Email to David Isenberg'</ref>
  
 
==Iraq==
 
==Iraq==
  
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To exploit crucial contacts in the new [[Iraqi Governing Council]], the firm entered into a joint venture with [[Nour USA]], a company founded by a friend of [[Sourcewatch:Ahmed Chalabi|Ahmed Chalabi]] which bankrolled the new enterprise. Erinys won an $80 million contract in 2003 to guard Iraq oil installations and according to Newsday &#39;an industry source familiar with some of the internal affairs said Chalabi received a $2-million fee for helping arrange the contract&#39;. Further alarms were raised when the company started recruiting many of Chalabi's former militiamen from the [[Iraqi Free Forces]] raising concerns that he was creating a private army.<ref>Knut Royce, [http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/iraq/after/2004/0215chalabicontract.htm Start-Up Company With Connections], ''Newsday'', February 15, 2004.</ref>
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To exploit crucial contacts in the new [[Iraqi Governing Council]], the firm entered into a joint venture with [[Nour USA]], a company founded by a friend of [[Ahmed Chalabi]] which bankrolled the new enterprise. Erinys won an $80 million contract in 2003 to guard Iraq oil installations and according to Newsday &#39;an industry source familiar with some of the internal affairs said Chalabi received a $2-million fee for helping arrange the contract&#39;. Further alarms were raised when the company started recruiting many of Chalabi's former militiamen from the [[Iraqi Free Forces]] raising concerns that he was creating a private army<ref>Knut Royce, [http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/iraq/after/2004/0215chalabicontract.htm Start-Up Company With Connections], ''Newsday'', February 15, 2004</ref>.<ref>Knut Royce, [http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/iraq/after/2004/0215chalabicontract.htm Start-Up Company With Connections], ''Newsday'', February 15, 2004.</ref>
  
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By February 2004, U.S. authorities in Iraq had awarded the company more than $400 million in contracts including a $327 million deal to supply equipment for the Iraqi Armed Forces.  
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By February 2004, U.S. authorities in Iraq had awarded the company more than $400 million in contracts including a $327 million deal to supply equipment for the Iraqi Armed Forces. <ref> Warren P. Strobel and Jonathan S. Landay, Anointed Iraq group now probed;Exile organization faces rising inquiries, U.S. ire., ''The Philidelphia Inquirer'',, 28-February-2004, Accessed via Nexis UK 10-September-2009</ref><ref>United Press International, 'Report: Chalabi allies get key awards', ''United Press International'', 20-February-2004, Accessed via Nexis UK, 10-September-2009</ref>.
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===Guarding Oilfields with Kurdish fighters and South African supervisors?===
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The firm ran the second largest training scheme in the country to create a private army guarding the oil pipelines and refineries.<ref>Pratap Chatterjee, ''Iraq Inc'', Seven Stories Press, 2004, p. 116</ref> In addition to its thousands of British and South African employees, Erinys hired and trained about 14,000 Iraqis<ref>Alan Bryden, and Marina Caparini, (2007), [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iVsIAP_iiboC&dq=Bryden+%26+Caparini,+%5BPrivate+Actors+and+Security+Governance&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=DsL7hO8pht&sig=lV0NcmrZBn-p38g-iiHO83fAV5g&hl=en&ei=uSKpSs6lJZnSjAf2-LDsBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false Private Actors and
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Security Governance],  Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (Dcaf), PP155, Accessed 10-September-2009</ref> According to Pratap Chatterjee of CorpWatch these jobs were 'technically open to all Iraqi's', but those guarding the oil refinery checkpoint in Kirkuk with whom Chatterjee spoke 'estimated 95 per cent were peshmerga'<ref>Pratap Chatterjee, ''Iraq Inc'', Seven Stories Press, 2004, p. 117</ref><ref>Jen Banbury, [http://www.kurdmedia.com/article.aspx?id=9717 Angry with the U.S. for betraying their dream of independence, the Kurds could ignite an Iraqi civil war], KurdishMedia, 22-July-2004, Accessed 10-September-2009</ref> Peshmerga means 'ready to die' in Kurdish and they fought Saddam Hussein with the [[Patriotic Union of Kurdistan]].According to Chatterjee part of the reason for this is that 'the occupation forces don't trust Arabs'.<ref>Pratap Chatterjee, ''Iraq Inc'', Seven Stories Press, 2004, p. 118</ref> The top wage for the Kurds, according to Chatterjee, was $120 per month, whereas their supervisors, 'many of whom are South African' earn $5,000 a month on average.<ref>Pratap Chatterjee, ''Iraq Inc'', Seven Stories Press, 2004, p. 118</ref>
  
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The firm runs the second largest training scheme in the country to create a private army guarding the oil pipelines and refineries. In addition to its thousands of British and South African employees, Erinys hired and trained about 14,000 Iraqis, nearly 95 percent of them Kurds since the occupation authorities don't trust Arabs. The top wage for the Kurds is $120 per month, whereas their South African supervisors earn $5,000 at an average.<ref>Pratap Chatterjee, ''Iraq Inc'', Seven Stories Press, 2004.</ref>
 
 
===Kirkuk incident 18 October 2007===
 
===Kirkuk incident 18 October 2007===
 
The firm also drew criticism from [[Amnesty International]] after the ''Observer'' reported obtaining photos that showed Erinys employees restraining a 16-year-old Iraqi &#39;with six car tyres around his body&#39;. The boy - accused of stealing a length of cable - had been left immobile and without food or water for more than 24 hours. The company also keeps holding cells for suspects in Kirkuk.
 
The firm also drew criticism from [[Amnesty International]] after the ''Observer'' reported obtaining photos that showed Erinys employees restraining a 16-year-old Iraqi &#39;with six car tyres around his body&#39;. The boy - accused of stealing a length of cable - had been left immobile and without food or water for more than 24 hours. The company also keeps holding cells for suspects in Kirkuk.

Revision as of 16:13, 30 September 2009

Erinys International is a security company which specialises in providing security guards in conflict zones including armed personnel - also known as mercenaries. Erinys International was founded in 2002 by Jonathan Garratt a former British army officer.[1] The firm's management includes Major-General John Holmes, the former director of UK Special Forces and head of the SAS.[2] In 2002 and 2003, the Executive Chairman was Sean Cleary a former South African military intelligence and diplomatic operative who went on to run pro-Apartheid lobbying and propaganda operations.

History of Erinys

Although it is widely reported that Sean Cleary was amongst the founders,[3] he in fact joined the company shortly after it was founded. The idea that he was a founder may be have encouraged by Cleary's own account in which he referred to a 'merger' between a company he directed (Strategic Concepts) and EI. Cleary referred to the creation of 'a potentially larger risk management advisory business, incorporating *business* (intelligence and investigative), *environment* and *physical *risk advisory services, and growing the *socio-political* risk component (already offered by Strategic) through better marketing.[4]

Iraq

To exploit crucial contacts in the new Iraqi Governing Council, the firm entered into a joint venture with Nour USA, a company founded by a friend of Ahmed Chalabi which bankrolled the new enterprise. Erinys won an $80 million contract in 2003 to guard Iraq oil installations and according to Newsday 'an industry source familiar with some of the internal affairs said Chalabi received a $2-million fee for helping arrange the contract'. Further alarms were raised when the company started recruiting many of Chalabi's former militiamen from the Iraqi Free Forces raising concerns that he was creating a private army[5].[6]

By February 2004, U.S. authorities in Iraq had awarded the company more than $400 million in contracts including a $327 million deal to supply equipment for the Iraqi Armed Forces. [7][8].

Guarding Oilfields with Kurdish fighters and South African supervisors?

The firm ran the second largest training scheme in the country to create a private army guarding the oil pipelines and refineries.[9] In addition to its thousands of British and South African employees, Erinys hired and trained about 14,000 Iraqis[10] According to Pratap Chatterjee of CorpWatch these jobs were 'technically open to all Iraqi's', but those guarding the oil refinery checkpoint in Kirkuk with whom Chatterjee spoke 'estimated 95 per cent were peshmerga'[11][12] Peshmerga means 'ready to die' in Kurdish and they fought Saddam Hussein with the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan.According to Chatterjee part of the reason for this is that 'the occupation forces don't trust Arabs'.[13] The top wage for the Kurds, according to Chatterjee, was $120 per month, whereas their supervisors, 'many of whom are South African' earn $5,000 a month on average.[14]

Kirkuk incident 18 October 2007

The firm also drew criticism from Amnesty International after the Observer reported obtaining photos that showed Erinys employees restraining a 16-year-old Iraqi 'with six car tyres around his body'. The boy - accused of stealing a length of cable - had been left immobile and without food or water for more than 24 hours. The company also keeps holding cells for suspects in Kirkuk.

Connections with Apartheid South Africa

Cleary

The conncetions between Erinys and military and intelligence operatives formerly of the Apartheid regime in South Africa has been much reported. The basis of this is as follows. First of all the appointment of Sean Cleary as Executive Chairman connects Erinys to Apartheid era intelligence and propaganda networks. Cleary was a South African military intelligence operative in the 1960s and later became a south African diplomat based, among other places, in the US.[15]. After leaving the diplomatic service Clearly set up a series of companies in London and elsewhere. Some of these were reported as being lobbying and propaganda fronts for the Apartheid regime. In addition Cleary acted as spokesperson for Jonas Savimbi of UNITA the US and Apartheid proxy engaged in subverting the Angolan government.[16] For example Cleary's company Strategy Network International was described by The Guardian as being a key part of "an extensive network of right-wing organizations linked to the South African government". According to their investigation the company was "set up in the 1980s by Sean Cleary, a former South African diplomat who once served in Washington. Cleary's group spearheaded the 1989 election campaign in Namibia for pro-South African politicians running against the Namibian independence movement, Swapo".

Subsequent investigations in South Africa have revealed that the anti-Swapo effort was the first part of "Operation Agree," a complex secret strategy by South African military intelligence designed to preserve South African economic dominance of the southern African region. Support for Unita in Angola's elections was the second phase of "Operation Agree," according to a former intelligence officer, Nico Basson, who gave extensive testimony during the investigation[17].

According to The Independent Strategy Network International was specifically created to lobby against economic sanctions and as propagandist for Unita, the Angolan opposition group, and for the so-called 'transitional government' of Namibia set up in defiance of UN resolution 435 on Namibian independence[18].

South African paramilitary connections

Operatives working on contract for Erinys (albeit through subcontractors) have had connections with South African Apartheid era paramilitary forces. After his death in a bombing on January 28 it was reported that the victim, Francois Strydom, was a former member of Koevoet, the apartheid-era paramilitary police unit, notorious for acts of violence, torture and murder. This 'counter-insurgency' unit also waged a dirty war against Namibian rebels 'that left few prisoners'. Deon Gouws, also injured in the bombing was a former member of the South African Security Branch and the notorious Vlakplaas death squad. In 1996, Gouws had received an amnesty from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission after admitting to acts of petrol bombings, arson, car bombings and murder. There are many other former South African convicts on the company's payroll.

Erinys has objected to accounts, such as that of War on Want, suggesting that these operatives were employees of Erinys.

Erinys carries out detailed background checks of its prospective employees and has never employed `former apartheid-era paramilitary police and mercenaries from South Africa’. The WoW reference is to an incident in January 2004, when a subcontractor to Erinys in Iraq was found to have employed such people after failing to carry out background checks: Erinys terminated that subcontract shortly afterwards. WoW would have known this by reference to articles in the Pretoria News of 29 January 2004 which stated that the individuals were employed by a sub-contractor.[19]

The denial here turns on the definition of 'employed'. The operatives were clearly employed by Erinys in the sense that they were working on contract for them. They were not however, directly employed by Erinys but by a subcontractor.

Managing Erinys' public profile

Erinys has been active in attempting to manage its reputation by threatening legal proceedings against or sending rebuttal letters to a wide variety of news outlets and even to some non government organisations.

Defamation Case against the BBC

Erinys International began legal proceedings against the BBC after accusing the firm of defamation. The BBC had aired an episode of Waking the Dead which featured a fictional character who had the same name and background as Erinys Managing Director Johnathan Garratt.

According to the Mail on Sunday the character in the BBC drama 'kills one of his friends and embarks on a shady business deal with an Iraqi villain to secure a lucrative contract.' Garratt and Erinys both sued the BBC. Garratt argued that:

'I can understand that they might have used the same name but everything else about my regiment, my background and my current job means this is a coincidence too far. It's all too close to the bone. The BBC is meant to be a publicly funded broadcaster with the appropriate responsibility to present a balanced view.'”[20]

The BBC apologised for 'any embarrassment caused' and said 'John Garret' was 'entirely fictional' and 'was not intended to bear any similarity to Jonathan Garratt.'[21]

Litvinenko Affair

Ex-KGB officer Alexander Litvinenko visited Erinys' offices in London shortly before his death from polonium poisoning. According to the New York Sun:

Litvinenko then proceeded to the Millennium Hotel, where he had an appointment to see Andrei Lugovoi, who had also served in the FSB up until 1999 and who now owned a private security firm in Moscow. He had been meeting with Mr. Lugovoi on his trips to London for several months, and two weeks earlier had brought him to Erinys International, one of the security companies in Mr. Berezovsky's building, to discuss a business proposal. According to Mr. Lugovoi, Litvinenko now wanted to discuss the progress of that venture, and so met him and his business associate Dmitry Kovtun in the crowded Pine Bar for tea. After leaving the Pine Bar, Litvinenko went to Mr. Berezovsky's office. When he returned home, according to his wife Marina, he felt ill. Two days later, he was admitted to Barnet General Hospital.[22]

Reports from the police investigation Litvinenko's death revealed that traces of polonium 210 the radioactive substance that killed Litvinenko were found at Erinys International’s London office in Grosvenor Street. Traces of the radioactive substance were also found at the London offices of the exiled Russian oligarch Boris Berezovsky and at the Millennium Hotel in nearby Grosvenor Square.

A spokesman for the company, Erinys, said it had alerted police because Mr Litvinenko had visited its offices on a 'totally unrelated' matter some time before he was admitted to hospital. He added: 'None of our staff with whom he had contact have suffered any ill effects.'[23].

People

Management

Affiliations, Subsidiaries and Addresses

Affiliations

Subsidiaries

Erinys (UK) Ltd
66 CHILTERN STREET
LONDON
UK
W1U 4JT
Company No. 05184177

Addresses

Erinys logo

References and Resources

Resources

References

  1. ↑ Neil Mackay, Sunday Herald, May 9, 2004
  2. ↑ Antony Barnett & Patrick Smith, British guard firm ‘abused scared Iraqi shepherd boy’, The Observer, November 14, 2004
  3. ↑ Andy Clarno & Salim Vally, Privatised War: The South African Connection, ZNet, March 6, 2005
  4. ↑ Sean Cleary 'Email to David Isenberg'
  5. ↑ Knut Royce, Start-Up Company With Connections, Newsday, February 15, 2004
  6. ↑ Knut Royce, Start-Up Company With Connections, Newsday, February 15, 2004.
  7. ↑ Warren P. Strobel and Jonathan S. Landay, Anointed Iraq group now probed;Exile organization faces rising inquiries, U.S. ire., The Philidelphia Inquirer,, 28-February-2004, Accessed via Nexis UK 10-September-2009
  8. ↑ United Press International, 'Report: Chalabi allies get key awards', United Press International, 20-February-2004, Accessed via Nexis UK, 10-September-2009
  9. ↑ Pratap Chatterjee, Iraq Inc, Seven Stories Press, 2004, p. 116
  10. ↑ Alan Bryden, and Marina Caparini, (2007), [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iVsIAP_iiboC&dq=Bryden+%26+Caparini,+%5BPrivate+Actors+and+Security+Governance&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=DsL7hO8pht&sig=lV0NcmrZBn-p38g-iiHO83fAV5g&hl=en&ei=uSKpSs6lJZnSjAf2-LDsBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false Private Actors and Security Governance], Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (Dcaf), PP155, Accessed 10-September-2009
  11. ↑ Pratap Chatterjee, Iraq Inc, Seven Stories Press, 2004, p. 117
  12. ↑ Jen Banbury, Angry with the U.S. for betraying their dream of independence, the Kurds could ignite an Iraqi civil war, KurdishMedia, 22-July-2004, Accessed 10-September-2009
  13. ↑ Pratap Chatterjee, Iraq Inc, Seven Stories Press, 2004, p. 118
  14. ↑ Pratap Chatterjee, Iraq Inc, Seven Stories Press, 2004, p. 118
  15. ↑ Sean Cleary, Speakers: World Knowledge Forum 2002, World Knowledge Program, Accessed 10-September-2009
  16. ↑ Elaine Windrich, Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds, HNet Book Reviews, Accessed 11-September-2009
  17. ↑ Victoria Britain,ANGOLAN WAR SPAWNS COMPLEX WEB OF PROFITEERS Fierce, deadly conflict continues, Insight Guardian News Service, 5-April-1993, Accessed 11-September-2009
  18. ↑ PATRICIA WYNN DAVIES, RICHARD DOWDEN and JOHN CARLIN, The Attack on Sleaze: How apartheid regime set out to woo Tories: Patricia Wynn Davies tells the story of the firm which gave MPs a South African perspective, The Independent, 26-October-1994, Accessed 11-September-2009
  19. ↑ Erinys [http://www.waronwant.org/attachments/Erinys%20response%20to%20War%20on%20Wants%20allegations.pdf Response to allegations made by War on Want against Erinys], posted on the War on Want website, undated, but presumably in 2008, accessed 30 September 2009
  20. ↑ Miles Goslett, 'Ex Army officer sues BBC over Waking The Dead character and a 'coincidence too far', Mail On Sunday, 25-May-2008, Accessed from Lexis Nexis, 09-September-2009
  21. ↑ Tara Conlan, BBC says sorry over Waking the Dead, The Guardian, 21-May-2008, Accessed 09-September-2009
  22. ↑ The Specter That Haunts the Death of Litvinenko, Edward Jay Epstein, New York Sun, 18 March 2008.
  23. ↑ Sandra Laville and Tania Branigan, Polonium detected at Berezovsky's office, The Guardian, 28-November-2006, Accessed 28-September-2009
  24. ↑ Scribd, Certificate in Terrorism, St. Andrews University, Accessed 10-September-2009
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