Erinys International

Erinys International is a security company which specialises in providing security guards in conflict zones including armed personnel. Erinys International was founded in 2001 by Jonathan Garratt, a former British army officer and South African resident and Fraser Brown, also ex British Army. The firm's management has included:

• Major-General John Holmes, the former head of 22 SAS and between 1999 and 2001 Director Special Forces. .
• Alastair Morrison formerly second in command of 22 SAS He was founder and chairman of Defence Systems Limited who joined the board of Erinys International in January 2004 and left in April 2004 to join Kroll. He joined the Board again as non-executive Chairman in December 2008.
• In 2002 until late 2003, the Executive Chairman was Sean Cleary a former South African military intelligence and diplomatic operative who went on to run pro-Apartheid lobbying and propaganda operations. Although not formally on the board of Erinys International Cleary was given the title of 'Executive chairman' and was also on the board of Erinys South Africa.

History of Erinys

The company has a strong link with south Africa and has often been reported as being south African. Although the company has been headquartered in Dubai and in the UK and has subsidiaries in the UK, and Iraq, it is its connections with Africa and Southern Africa in particular that are of note. It is also clear that most of those who became involved in the various Erinys projects had worked together in one capacity or another either in the UK SAS or in other special forces regiments or most notably in a variterty of Private Military Corporations. Africa Energy Intelligence reports that:

Several of the group's executives have long experience of the [African] continent. Among them are Johnathan Garratt, the CEO and founder of Erinys group who supervised the operations of the defunct security firm Defense Systems Limited (DSL) in Kinshasa for a number of years, and Fraser Brown, Peter Roberts and Jonathan Eldridge. The latter three all three worked in the past for ArmorGroup in Africa.

Africa Energy Intelligence also noted:

The boss of Kroll Security International is Alastair Morrison, founder of the security firm Defense Systems Ltd. and former shareholder in Erinys, the group that won a contract in August, 2003 to secure oil sites and pipelines in Iraq. Morrison has since sold his shares in Erinys which is managed by two of his former partners in DSL, Fraser Brown and Jonathan Garratt.

Although it is widely reported that Sean Cleary was amongst the founders, he in fact joined the company Erinys International shortly after it was founded, though it was at this stage very much a start up. The idea that he was a founder may be have encouraged by Cleary's own account in which he referred to a 'merger' between a company he directed (Strategic Concepts) and EI. Cleary referred to the creation of 'a potentially larger risk management advisory business, incorporating *business* (intelligence and investigative), *environment* and *physical *risk advisory services, and growing the *socio-political* risk component (already offered by Strategic) through better marketing.

Erinys themselves have not always been entirely clear about the relationship.

Iraq

To exploit crucial contacts in the new Iraqi Governing Council, the firm entered into a joint venture with Nour USA, a company founded by a friend of Ahmed Chalabi which bankrolled the new enterprise. Erinys won an $80 million contract in 2003 to guard Iraq oil installations and according to Newsday 'an industry source familiar with some of the internal affairs said Chalabi received a $2-million fee for helping arrange the contract'. Further alarms were raised when the company started recruiting many of Chalabi's former militiamen from the Iraqi Free Forces raising concerns that he was creating a private army.

By February 2004, U.S. authorities in Iraq had awarded the company more than $400 million in contracts including a $327 million deal to supply equipment for the Iraqi Armed Forces. .

Guarding Oilfields with Kurdish fighters and South African supervisors?

The firm ran the second largest training scheme in the country to create a private army guarding the oil pipelines and refineries. In addition to its thousands of British and South African employees, Erinys hired and trained about 14,000 Iraqi's According to Pratap Chatterjee of CorpWatch these jobs were 'technically open to all Iraqi's', but those guarding the oil refinery checkpoint in Kirkuk with whom Chatterjee spoke 'estimated 95 per cent were peshmerga' Peshmerga means 'ready to die' in Kurdish and they fought Saddam Hussein with the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan. According to Chatterjee part of the reason for this is that 'the occupation forces don't trust Arabs'. The top wage for the Kurds, according to Chatterjee, was $120 per month, whereas their supervisors, 'many of whom are South African' earn $5,000 a month on average.

'Plunder of Iraqi Oil'

Erinys objects to criticism, such as that by War on Want, that it is involved in the 'plunder' of Iraqi oil. Its response states:

Allegation made by WoW: WoW invited demonstrators to hold a protest outside the offices of companies working in Iraq, including Erinys’ offices, to campaign against the `plunder of Iraqi oil’. The clear allegation is that Erinys is complicit in this plunder.

Fact: The only involvement of Erinys in oil in Iraq was to train and manage an Oil Protection Force of up to 17,500 Iraqis under a contract with the Iraqi Ministry of Oil to protect Iraq’s oil installations from attack.

As with some of its other statements in self defence, this has a rather other-wordly quality. If Iraq's oil is being plundered by US and other corporations and Erinys is protecting that process, then it is indeed complicit in the plunder and its statement only confirms that fact.

Incident involving 16 year old boy in May 2004

The firm also drew criticism from Amnesty International after the Observer reported obtaining photos that showed Erinys employees restraining a 16-year-old Iraqi 'with six car tyres around his body'.

Pictures obtained by The Observer show two employees of Erinys restraining the 16-year-old Iraqi with six car tyres around his body. The photographs, taken last May, show the boy frozen with fear in a room where the wall appeared to be marked by bullet holes. This newspaper was told he was left immobile and without food or water for more than 24 hours. The firm has denied the boy - arrested for stealing a length of cable - was brutally treated. It claimed he was released without harm within minutes.

The Guardian also reported the denials by Erinys about the incident:

A statement released yesterday by Erinys said: 'This process lasted for approximately three minutes, when the youth broke down in tears, at which point the tyres were immediately removed and the individual released into the custody of his father.'

Erinys says the arrest took place last May at the Kirkuk Sector Patrol Base near the K1 gate of the Northern Oil Company compound. A company spokesman claimed the boy was a shepherd arrested by Erinys's pipeline patrol for allegedly stealing newly-laid cable. The company sent a vehicle to collect his father.

The statement said: 'On learning of the circumstances leading to the arrest of his son, the father expressed shame at his son's activities and requested that he be taught a lesson. In the presence of his father, two Erinys employees restrained the youth using tyres.'

The company claims the picture was taken not to brag but to prove 'there was no injury to the individual - no bruising, no bleeding, no torn clothing'.

The Observer also alleged that Erinys was detaining suspects in holding cells in Kirkuk:

A source with knowledge of Erinys' operations in Iraq claimed the firm, which employs thousands of Iraqis, keeps suspects in a holding cell in Kirkuk.

The company's statement said it was authorised to detain suspects and conduct investigations. It could not interrogate but could detain suspects until they were handed over to the authorities. The restraining of the boy was a 'one-off event' in the garage of the patrol base.

When accused of 'prisoner abuse' by War on Want Erinys insisted 'Erinys has never been involved with holding prisoners in Iraq'. But its own statement admnits that it has held people in detention:

The Erinys Oil Protection Force was authorised by the government to detain suspects and conduct investigations. Such investigations did not include interrogation but may have included detention until hand over to the police or coalition forces.

Perhaps there is a difference between 'detention' and being a 'prisoner', but it is not easy to understand what the difference is since those detained are not at liberty to leave.

Legal action over death of US soldier in 2005

In October 2007 Reuters reported a legal action against Erinys was launched in both Texas and London:

A British private security company is being sued in the United States over the death of a U.S. soldier hit by one of its convoys in Iraq, according to court documents... The case against Erinys, filed in a court in Houston, Texas, on Wednesday and also in London, was brought by the Perry Monroe, father of Christopher Monroe, a U.S. soldier who was struck by an Erinys vehicle while on duty in southern Iraq in October 2005.

The lawsuit accuses the Erinys convoy of ignoring warnings and travelling at excessive speed after dark without lights fully on, leading to an accident in which Monroe was hit, suffering severe injuries that led to his death.

"Even though warned that the remainder of the U.S. convoy was ahead, the Erinys PSD team employee with reckless disregard accelerated to a high rate of speed and struck Christopher with his armoured Suburban [vehicle], tearing off his right leg.

"Mr Monroe has been compelled to file this lawsuit to require the Erinys PSD team to account for its action that led to the death of his 19-year-old son," reads the suit, which also seeks unspecified damages.

Erinys, which provided security to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at the time of the incident, denied any wrongdoing... The case filed in Houston is the first time that a private security company has been accused of negligence in the case of the death of a U.S. soldier, lawyers said.

Erinys evidently don't like this story to be repeated because when it was repeated by War on Want they complained. Erinys stated:

2nd Allegation made by WoW: “Erinys is also being sued in the US for the death of a US soldier hit by an Erinys convoy in Iraq in 2005”

Fact: Reuters contacted Erinys before filing its original press report on 26 October 2007 (http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSL26662748) and included a statement that “There was a full and very thorough investigation by the U.S. military into the case at the time, and both Erinys and its employees were fully exonerated”. This balance has been excised from the WoW report.

This response from Erinys hardly amounts to much and certainly does not contradict the statement that Erinys was being sued in the US and London. It would be unbalanced to state that Erinys were guilty without giving their view that they have done nothing wrong. But War on Want diod not express any view on their guilt or otherwise. In other words Erinys are admitting that the statement is true. It is hardly 'unbalanced' to state the truth of the matter.

Connections with Apartheid South Africa

Cleary

The connections between Erinys and military and intelligence operatives formerly of the Apartheid regime in South Africa has been much reported. The basis of this is as follows. First of all the appointment of Sean Cleary as Executive Chairman connects Erinys to Apartheid era intelligence and propaganda networks. Cleary was a South African military intelligence operative in the 1960s and later became a south African diplomat based, among other places, in the US.. After leaving the diplomatic service Clearly set up a series of companies in London and elsewhere. Some of these were reported as being lobbying and propaganda fronts for the Apartheid regime. In addition Cleary acted as spokesperson for Jonas Savimbi of UNITA the US and Apartheid proxy engaged in subverting the Angolan government. For example Cleary's company Strategy Network International was described by The Guardian as being a key part of "an extensive network of right-wing organizations linked to the South African government". According to their investigation the company was "set up in the 1980s by Sean Cleary, a former South African diplomat who once served in Washington. Cleary's group spearheaded the 1989 election campaign in Namibia for pro-South African politicians running against the Namibian independence movement, Swapo".

Subsequent investigations in South Africa have revealed that the anti-Swapo effort was the first part of "Operation Agree," a complex secret strategy by South African military intelligence designed to preserve South African economic dominance of the southern African region. Support for Unita in Angola's elections was the second phase of "Operation Agree," according to a former intelligence officer, Nico Basson, who gave extensive testimony during the investigation.

According to The Independent Strategy Network International was specifically created to lobby against economic sanctions and as propagandist for Unita, the Angolan opposition group, and for the so-called 'transitional government' of Namibia set up in defiance of UN resolution 435 on Namibian independence.

South African paramilitary connections

Operatives working on contract for Erinys (albeit through subcontractors Security Applications Systems International) have had connections with South African Apartheid era paramilitary forces. After his death in a bombing on January 28 it was reported that the victim, Francois Strydom, was a former member of Koevoet, the apartheid-era paramilitary police unit, notorious for acts of violence, torture and murder. This 'counter-insurgency' unit also waged a dirty war against Namibian rebels 'that left few prisoners'. Deon Gouws, also injured in the bombing was a former member of the South African Security Branch and the notorious Vlakplaas death squad. In 1996, Gouws had received an amnesty from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission after admitting to acts of petrol bombings, arson, car bombings and murder. These included:

• between 40 to 60 petrol bombings of the homes of political activists;
• a car bombing in 1986 that killed an ANC activist;
• an arson attack on the home of a doctor who was later assassinated by a Security Branch death squad;
• the deaths of at least nine recruits to the military wing of the ANC who were shot and their bodies burned; and
• the extra-judicial murder of five would-be bank robbers who were lured into a trap by the Vlakplaas.

According to some reports 'There are an estimated 1,500 South Africans employed by security contractors in Iraq, according to the South African foreign ministry. Many used their backgrounds as mercenaries during Apartheid to bolster their credentials.'

Erinys has objected to accounts, such as that of War on Want, suggesting that these operatives were employees of Erinys:

Erinys carries out detailed background checks of its prospective employees and has never employed `former apartheid-era paramilitary police and mercenaries from South Africa’. The WoW reference is to an incident in January 2004, when a subcontractor to Erinys in Iraq was found to have employed such people after failing to carry out background checks: Erinys terminated that subcontract shortly afterwards. WoW would have known this by reference to articles in the Pretoria News of 29 January 2004 which stated that the individuals were employed by a sub-contractor.

The denial here turns on the definition of 'employed'. The operatives were clearly employed by Erinys in the sense that they were working on contract for them. They were not however, directly employed by Erinys but by a subcontractor.

Managing Erinys' public profile

Erinys has been active in attempting to manage its reputation by threatening legal proceedings against or sending rebuttal letters to a wide variety of news outlets and even to some non government organisations.

Defamation Case against the BBC

Erinys International began legal proceedings against the BBC after accusing the firm of defamation. The BBC had aired an episode of Waking the Dead which featured a fictional character who had the same name and background as Erinys Managing Director Johnathan Garratt.

According to the Mail on Sunday the character in the BBC drama 'kills one of his friends and embarks on a shady business deal with an Iraqi villain to secure a lucrative contract.' Garratt and Erinys both sued the BBC. Garratt argued that:

'I can understand that they might have used the same name but everything else about my regiment, my background and my current job means this is a coincidence too far. It's all too close to the bone. The BBC is meant to be a publicly funded broadcaster with the appropriate responsibility to present a balanced view.'”

The BBC apologised for 'any embarrassment caused' and said 'John Garret' was 'entirely fictional' and 'was not intended to bear any similarity to Jonathan Garratt.'

Litvinenko Affair

Ex-KGB officer Alexander Litvinenko visited Erinys' offices in London shortly before his death from polonium poisoning. According to the New York Sun:

Litvinenko then proceeded to the Millennium Hotel, where he had an appointment to see Andrei Lugovoi, who had also served in the FSB up until 1999 and who now owned a private security firm in Moscow. He had been meeting with Mr. Lugovoi on his trips to London for several months, and two weeks earlier had brought him to Erinys International, one of the security companies in Mr. Berezovsky's building, to discuss a business proposal. According to Mr. Lugovoi, Litvinenko now wanted to discuss the progress of that venture, and so met him and his business associate Dmitry Kovtun in the crowded Pine Bar for tea. After leaving the Pine Bar, Litvinenko went to Mr. Berezovsky's office. When he returned home, according to his wife Marina, he felt ill. Two days later, he was admitted to Barnet General Hospital.

Reports from the police investigation Litvinenko's death revealed that traces of polonium 210 the radioactive substance that killed Litvinenko were found at Erinys International’s London office in Grosvenor Street. Traces of the radioactive substance were also found at the London offices of the exiled Russian oligarch Boris Berezovsky and at the Millennium Hotel in nearby Grosvenor Square.

A spokesman for the company, Erinys, said it had alerted police because Mr Litvinenko had visited its offices on a 'totally unrelated' matter some time before he was admitted to hospital. He added: 'None of our staff with whom he had contact have suffered any ill effects.'.

People

Management

• Jonathan Garratt - Group Managing Director | Fraser Brown - Chief Operations Officer | Peter Roberts - Group Business and Legal Advisor | Maj Gen John Holmes – Director | Michael Hutchings – Director | Jonathan Eldridge - Regional Director – Africa | George Hatton - Country Manager – Iraq | Davey Kirk - Country Manager – Nigeria | Clare Harkin - Conflict Resolution Consultant | Jean Jacques N'Salanga - Country Manager - DRC and ROC

Affiliations, Subsidiaries and Addresses

Affiliations

• British Association of Private Security Companies | Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence – sent staff on courses there

Subsidiaries

Erinys (UK) Ltd

66 CHILTERN STREET

LONDON

UK

W1U 4JT

Company No. 05184177

Addresses

Erinys logo

References and Resources

Resources

• Alec Klein, For Security in Iraq, a Turn to British Know-How, Washington Post, 24 August 2007.