11 Points in the Negev
11 points in the Negev refers to a Jewish Agency plan for establishing eleven settlements in the Negev in 1946, prior to the partition of Palestine and the establishment of the State of Israel.
History
A plan to establish eleven "points" of Jewish settlement in the Negev was devised in order to assure a Jewish presence in the area prior to the partition of Palestine. This followed the publication of the Morrison-Grady partition proposal, in which the Negev was to be part of an Arab state.[1] Together, the Jewish National Fund, the Jewish Agency, the Haganah and the Mekorot water company launched a drive to settle the Negev in order to have the Negev included as part of a Jewish state.[1]
On the night of October 5–6, after the Yom Kippur fast, the settlers, including members of Kibbutz Ruhama and Gvulot, set up camp at eleven pre-determined locations in the Negev.[2][3] The eleven settlements were (in alphabetic order):[1]
- Kibbutz Be'eri - Its founders were members of the HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed movement(Federation of Young Students and Workers, most commonly translated as Working and Studying Youth - colloquially known as Noar HaOved and abbreviated No'al[4] an Israeli youth movement, a sister movement of Habonim Dror, and affiliated with the Labor Zionist movement), who had been preparing in Maoz Haim, as well as some Hebrew scouts. It was named after Berl Katznelson, as Be'eri was his Pseudonym.[5]
- Kibbutz Gal On - From Kibbutz Artzi/Hashomer Hatzair.
- Kibbutz Hatzerim - Led by Yaakov Sharrett (son of Moshe Sharrett the second Prime Minister of Israel).[6]
- Kibbutz Kedma
- Kibbutz Kfar Darom - established by Hapoel HaMizrachi's kibbutz movement.
- Kibbutz Mishmar HaNegev - settled by members of Borochovi Youth, a youth group affiliated with Poalei Zion.
- Kibbutz Nevatim
- Kibbutz Nirim - From Kibbutz Artzi/Hashomer Hatzair - named after the Nir brigade of the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement, some of whose members helped establish the kibbutz
- Kibbutz Shoval - From Kibbutz Artzi/Hashomer Hatzair - founded by members of Hashomer Hatzair and settlers who had survived the Patria disaster.
- Kibbutz Tkuma
- Kibbutz Urim group founded in Ra'anana in 1945 by Bulgarian immigrants from the Gordonia and Maccabi Youth groups, but most of the later settlement came from North Americans from Habonim.
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 50th anniversary of the 11 Negev settlements ?? date=2011-07-08 Boeliem
- ↑ About Bnei Shimon Template:Webarchive Bnei Shimon Regional Council
- ↑ Outposts in the Negev Jewish National Fund
- ↑ The Renewal of the Kibbutz: From Reform to Transformation, Raymond Russell, Robert Hanneman, Shlomo Getz
- ↑ Yuval Elʻazari (ed.) Mapa's concise gazetteer of Israel. Tel-Aviv, Mapa Publishing. 2005
- ↑ Sarah Helm 'We are living by the sword': The regrets of an Israel founder's son, Middle East Eye. 13 January 2020.
