MMR

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Introduction

The MMR jab is a combined vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella. It became controversial in February 1998, when a research team headed by Dr Andrew Wakefield suggested that it might be linked to an increased risk of autism and bowel disorders.

Dr Wakefield claimed: [1]

  • ‘This is a genuinely new syndrome and urgent further research is needed to determine whether MMR may give rise to this complication in a small number of people.’
  • The combination of the three virus strains in the vaccine may overwork the body's immune system and cause the bowel disorder to develop.

MMR Studies

In March 1998, the Medical Research Council set up a panel of experts, headed by Dr Michael Fitzpatrick, to examine the claims. They concluded there was ‘no evidence to indicate any link’ between MMR jab and bowel disease or autism in children. [2]

A 14-year study by Finnish scientists concluded in April 1998, claiming to find no danger associated with the MMR vaccine. [3]

In April 2000, ‘Dr Wakefield and Professor John O'Leary, director of pathology at Coombe Women's Hospital in Dublin, claimed there was ‘compelling evidence’ of a link between autism and MMR. However, it did not ‘confirm that the virus causes autism, or even that the source of the virus found is the MMR vaccination, which contains "dead" versions of the measles and mumps viruses.’ The Department of Health claimed the claims were ‘unverifiable by usual scientific means.’ [4]

In January 2001, Dr Wakefield renews announced that the vaccine had never undergone proper safety tests. The study was published in the journal Adverse Drug Reactions and Toxicology Review. The Department of Health rejected the claim again. [5]

In February 2001, the British Medical Journal published a major statistical analysis concluding the soaring rate of autism in recent years was almost certainly not due to the MMR injection. [6]

In September 2001, researchers from St George's Hospital in London and the Institute for Child Health gave the vaccine ‘the all-clear after examining all the studies into MMR that have been carried out.’ The research is published in the journal Archives of Disease in Childhood. [7]

In December 2001, the Medical Research Council announced the results of its research which was commissioned by the Department of Health. They found no link between the vaccine and autism. [8]

In February 2002, Dr Wakefield and Professor O'Leary publish a paper in the journal Molecular Pathology. It suggested a possible link between the measles virus and bowel disease in children with developmental disorders. [9]

In February 2002, a team from the Royal Free Hospital published a study on the British Medical Journal website saying there is no link between MMR and autism. [10]

In March 2005, researchers at the Yokohama Rehabilitation Center and the Institute of Psychiatry in Japan said they had strong evidence that the MMR vaccination is not linked to a rise in autism after they found a rise in the incidence of autism after the withdrawal of the measles, mumps and rubella jab in their country in 1993. [11]

In May 2006, Dr Stephen Walker in America reported that they had found measles virus in the guts of autistic children with bowel disease. He claimed the finding did not show that the MMR vaccine caused the condition. [12]

In February 2008, ‘a team led by London's Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital looked at any differences in the immune response from the MMR jab to see if that could have triggered autism. They found no difference between children with autism and those without, and concluded the study showed there was no link.’ [13]

Notes

  1. ↑ BBC News. MMR Research Timeline Accessed on 3 February 2009.
  2. ↑ Fitzpatrick, M MMR and the Medical Research Council Accessed on 2 February 2009
  3. ↑ BBC News. MMR Research Timeline Accessed on 3 February 2009.
  4. ↑ BBC News. MMR Research Timeline Accessed on 3 February 2009.
  5. ↑ Wakefield, A.J., Montgomery, S.M. (2000) MMR vaccine: through a glass darkly, Adverse Drug Reactions and Toxicology Reviews; 19: pp.265–83.
  6. ↑ Kaye, J., del Mar Melero-Montes, M., Hershel J. (2001) Mumps, measles, and rubella vaccine and the incidence of autism recorded by general practitioners: a time trend analysis British Medical Journal. Accessed on 3 February 2009.
  7. ↑ BBC News. MMR Research Timeline Accessed on 3 February 2009.
  8. ↑ BBC News. MMR Research Timeline Accessed on 3 February 2009.
  9. ↑ O'Leary, J.J. (2002) Link found between measles virus and gut abnormalities in children with developmental disorder (Press Statement) (see mp.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/54/DC1).
  10. ↑ BBC News. MMR Research Timeline Accessed on 3 February 2009.
  11. ↑ Coglan, A. Autism rises despite MMR ban in Japan New Scientist. Accessed on 2 February 2009.
  12. ↑ BBC News. MMR Research Timeline Accessed on 3 February 2009.
  13. ↑ BBC News. MMR Research Timeline Accessed on 3 February 2009.
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