Martin Indyk

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<youtube size="tiny" align="right" caption="Martin Indyk interview">-YAyQd_tLeM</youtube> Martin S. Indyk is a former AIPAC staffer,[1] the founding director of the Washington Institute for Near East Policy and the current vice president and director of foreign policy at the Brookings Institution.[2] Indyk is also director of Brookings' Saban Center for Middle East Policy.

Despite his well known affiliation with the Israel Lobby[1] and his Australian nationality, Bill Clinton appointed Indyk as the first foreign-born US Ambassador to Israel in 1995.[3] The issuance of his US nationality had been expedited for his previous appointment by Clinton in 1993 as Middle East adviser on the National Security Council.[4] Due to his employment with AIPAC and his relationships with prominent pro-Israel lobbying institutions and lobbyists, Indyk reportedly told the National Journal's Christopher Madison early in his career that he was working hard to shake the image of being "an arm of AIPAC."[1] Indyk frequently appears in the mainstream media as a "Middle-East expert."

Education

Prior to beginning his career in the US, Indyk completed a masters degree in Jerusalem on International Relations and a PhD in Australia on the role of the United States in resolving the Israel-Palestine conflict.[5]

Indyk has stated that his interest in protecting Israel's security was enhanced by being a student in Israel during the Yom Kippur War (at which time he also volunteered in a Kibbutz).[5]

Career

Indyk cofounded the Washington Institute for Near East Policy in 1985 with the wife of AIPAC Chairman Lawrence Weinberg and former president of the Jewish Federation, Barbi Weinberg. At this time Indyk was AIPAC's deputy director of research, serving under Steven Rosen.[6] Born in the UK to a Jewish family and raised in Australia, Indyk was reportedly granted US nationality in an expedited manner to serve for the Clinton Administration in the early 1990s.[7] Indyk joined Clinton's administration as director for Middle East affairs on the National Security Council and later represented the United States as ambassador to Israel twice (1995-97 and 2000-01).[8]According to Mearsheimer and Walt, during the Clinton administration, Middle Eastern policy was largely shaped by officials with close ties to Israel or to prominent pro-Israel organizations. This included Indyk, Dennis Ross, and Aaron Miller:

These men were among Clinton’s closest advisers at the Camp David summit in July 2000. Although all three supported the Oslo peace process and favoured the creation of a Palestinian state, they did so only within the limits of what would be acceptable to Israel. The American delegation took its cues from Ehud Barak, co-ordinated its negotiating positions with Israel in advance, and did not offer independent proposals. Not surprisingly, Palestinian negotiators complained that they were ‘negotiating with two Israeli teams – one displaying an Israeli flag, and one an American flag’.[9]

Juan Cole discusses the importance of Indyk's background when considering his policy recommendations during his time with the Clinton Administration:

Martin Indyk, an Australian close to Israeli policy circles, had in the 1980s, and early 1990s served as the founding director of the Washington Institute for Near Easy Policy, the think thank of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), a major lobbying organization. With that background, Indyk became influential in the Clinton administration and successfully advocated "dual containment" of both Iraq and Iran. This policy depended on economic boycotts and the deployment of U.S. military might in the Gulf, mainly American overflights of Iraq from Prince Sultan Air Base in Saudia Arabia. Obviously, Israeli security was on Indyk's mind as he pressed this unrealistic idea in Washington.[10]

Indyk is currently vice president and director of Foreign Policy at the Brookings Institution and Director of the Saban Center for Middle East Policy.

AIPAC

While working as a visiting fellow at Columbia University in the 1980s, Indyk was recruited by AIPAC.[11] Aside from brief citations of his employment with AIPAC, little is written about Indyk's time with the prominent pro-Israel lobby group. Indyk also reportedly downplays his association with AIPAC:

A biography issued by his own institute describes him as a "professorial lecturer in the Department of Middle East Studies at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies." His official biography does not mention his other position in the U.S., as AIPAC assistant director of research.[1]

Multiple Loyalties

The fact that Indyk is an Australian citizen (who worked and studied in Israel) that later became a US citizen who spent part of his career working for pro-Israel lobbying organizations[9] has led some to question where his loyalties lie. With this in mind it is ironic to note that according to decorated US veteran and former department of defense staffer, Colonel W. Patrick Lang, Indyk personally asked him to register under the Foreign Agent Registration Act while Lang was working for a Lebanese businessman and politician. Lang considers the FARA law an excellent statute:

A possible confusion of allegiances is a perpetual problem in a country still in the process of self-definition. The United States can not afford to have its diplomacy and/or policy formulation reside in the hands of people of unknown associations.

Lang voluntarily accepted the request and writes that it has since been used against him by neoconservatives who take issue with his political commentary even though he is no longer required to be registered with FARA:

This registration later became a great convenience to the neocon brethren who would cite it in calling to complain to editors and network executives about me, my views and/or foreign associations. Whenever they sought to use this "tool" they always falsely claimed that I was a representative of a foreign government rather than an individual. This calumny culminated in Indyk's call to me suggesting that I should admit my "foreign agent" status. I was happy to do so. I de-registered myself several years ago when I stopped working for the overseas principal.[12]

Although Indyk has never been registered with FARA, he has admitted in an interview that his academic career was marked by an intense interest in protecting Israel's security which was intensified during his graduate studies at Hebrew University in Jerusalem during the Yom Kippur War:

That was a kind of a defining moment for me in terms of my search for identity. I sat up at night listening on my radio to the BBC reports of Henry Kissinger flying in to get the cease-fire and from that moment on I became absolutely obsessed about the idea that I too should play some role in trying to make Israel safe, because that would make me safe.[5]

Dual Containment

Iraq War

Affiliations

Books

  • Innocent Abroad: An Intimate Account of American Peace Diplomacy in the Middle East (2009), New York, Simon & Schuster

Related Articles

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Grace Halsell, Clinton's Indyk Appointment One of Many From Pro-Israel Think Tank, Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, March 1993,(accessed 8 September 2010).
  2. ↑ Martin S. Indyk, Brookings Institution (accessed 8 September 2010).
  3. ↑ Grant F. Smith, "Israel Lobby Initiates Hispanic Strategy", IRmep, 10 April 2006
  4. ↑ Martin S. Indyk, Simon & Schuster (accessed 8 September 2010).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Leadel Interview, "Martin Indyk", Leadel Website, accessed on 10 September 2010
  6. ↑ Jeffrey Goldberg, "Real Insiders", New Yorker, 4 July 2005
  7. ↑ Helena Cobban, "Martin Indyk's 'conversion'", 'Just World News' with Helena Cobban, 27 February 2010
  8. ↑ Wikipedia, "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Israel", Wikipedia, accessed on 13 September 2010
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, "The Israel Lobby", London Review of Books, 23 March 2006
  10. ↑ Juan Cole, Engaging the Muslim World, (Palgrave Macmillan 2009) p. 20
  11. ↑ Mark H. Milstein, "Washington Institute for Near East Policy: An AIPAC "Image Problem"", Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, July 1991
  12. ↑ W. Patrick Lang, "The FARA Law", Sic Semper Tyrannis, 6 March 2009
  13. ↑ Grace Halsell, Clinton's Indyk Appointment One of Many From Pro-Israel Think Tank, Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, March 1993,(accessed 8 September 2010).
  14. ↑ Brookings Institute, "Martin Indyk", Brookings Institute Website, accessed on 10 September 2010
  15. ↑ Council on Foreign Relations, "Martin Indyk", CFR Website, accessed on 10 September 2010
  16. ↑ Charlie Rose, "Martin Indyk", Charlie Rose Website, accessed on 10 September 2010
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