|
|
Line 1: |
Line 1: |
− | [[Erinys International]] is a security company which specialises in providing security guards in conflict zones including armed personnel. Erinys International was founded in 2002 by [[Jonathan Garratt]], a former British army officer and South African resident<ref>Bonny Schoonakker 'SA company to protect Iraqi oil', Sunday Times (South Africa) December 7, 2003, Economy, Business & Finance; Pg. 5</ref> and [[Fraser Brown]], also ex British Army.<ref>Erinys [http://www.erinysinternational.com/CompanyOverview-ManagementProfiles.asp Company Overview - Management Profiles], accessed 12 April 2008.</ref>
| |
− | The firm's management has included:
| |
− | *Major-General [[John Holmes]], the former head of [[22 SAS]] and between 1999 and 2001 [[Director Special Forces]]<ref>Erinys, [http://web.archive.org/web/20080406021241/http://www.erinysinternational.com/CompanyOverview-ManagementProfiles.asp?Corporate Management], Formerly hosted at <http://www.erinysinternational.com/CompanyOverview-ManagementProfiles.asp?Corporate> retrieved from the Internet Archive dated 6 April 2008 on 1 October 2009</ref><ref>Antony Barnett & Patrick Smith, [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,1350829,00.html British guard firm ‘abused scared Iraqi shepherd boy’], ''The Observer'', November 14, 2004</ref>.
| |
− | *[[Alastair Morrison]] formerly second in command of [[22 SAS]],<ref>Exploration Logistics [http://www.exlogs.com/alastair-morrison.html Alastair Morrison OBE MC: Non-executive Chairman], accessed 1 October 2009</ref> was founder and chairman of [[Defence Systems Limited]]<ref>Michael Sean Gillard And Melissa Jones 'Inside Story: BP's Secret Military Advisers', ''The Guardian'' (London) June 30, 1997, Pg. T8</ref>, he joined the board of Erinys International in January 2004 and left in April 2004 to join [[Kroll]]. He joined the Erinys Board again as non-executive Chairman in December 2008.<ref>Erinys [http://www.erinys.net/#/management/4531407400 Management], accessed 1 October 2009</ref>
| |
− | *In 2002 until late 2003, the Executive Chairman was [[Sean Cleary]], a former South African military intelligence and diplomatic operative who went on to run pro-Apartheid lobbying and propaganda operations. Although not formally on the board of Erinys International, Cleary was given the title of 'Executive chairman' and was also on the board of [[Erinys South Africa]]<ref>Peter Roberts 'Comments on Article and Reasons for Amendment', modified 9 September 10:26, attached to Peter Roberts 'Re: Application for User Status', email to editor@spinprofiles, 9 September 2009, 11:28</ref>.
| |
− |
| |
− | [[Image:Erinys logo.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Erinys logo]]
| |
− | ==History of Erinys==
| |
− | The company has a strong link with South Africa and has often been reported as being South African. Although the company has been headquartered in Dubai and in the UK and has subsidiaries in the UK, and Iraq, it is the companies connections with Africa and Southern Africa in particular that are of note. The name Erinys was first used in the formation of [[Erinys South Africa]] on 19 July 2001.<ref>[http://www.spinprofiles.org/images/6/63/CM26-ErinysSA-COMPANYREGISTRATION.pdf Certificate Issued by the Registrar of Companies and Close Corporations on Thursday, September 22, 2005 01:33] Certificate of Confirmation, CM26</ref> [[Erinys (UK) Ltd]] have an Incorporation date of 20-July-2004 according to the ICC Directory of UK Companies<ref>Erinys UK, Incorporation Date, ''ICC Directory of UK Companies'', Accessed via Nexis UK 05-October-2009</ref>.
| |
− |
| |
− |
| |
− | ===Military and mercenary backgrounds===
| |
− | It is also clear that most of those who became involved in the various Erinys projects had worked together in one capacity or another either in the [[SAS]] or in other special forces regiments or most notably in a varitety of Private Military Corporations. ''Africa Energy Intelligence'' reports that:
| |
− |
| |
− | :Several of the group's executives have long experience of the [African] continent. Among them are Johnathan Garratt, the CEO and founder of Erinys group who supervised the operations of the defunct security firm [[Defense Systems Limited]] (DSL) in Kinshasa for a number of years, and [[Fraser Brown]], [[Peter Roberts]] and [[Jonathan Eldridge]]. The latter three all worked in the past for [[ArmorGroup]] in Africa.<ref>Africa Energy Intelligence January 25, 2006 Richard Mac Namee SECTION: WHO'S WHO No. 409</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | ''Africa Energy Intelligence'' also noted:
| |
− |
| |
− | :The boss of [[Kroll Security International]] is [[Alastair Morrison]], founder of the security firm [[Defense Systems Ltd]]. and former shareholder in Erinys, the group that won a contract in August, 2003 to secure oil sites and pipelines in Iraq. Morrison has since sold his shares in Erinys which is managed by two of his former partners in DSL, [[Fraser Brown]] and [[Jonathan Garratt]].<ref>Africa Energy Intelligence, November 17, 2004, Private Security for Pipelines? SECTION: SPOTLIGHT; N. 381</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | According to Corpwatch:
| |
− |
| |
− | :Alastair Morrison was co-founder and CEO of Defence Systems from 1981 to 1999. Morrison is currently affiliated with [[Armor Holdings]], in which he holds $2.1 million worth of stock. [[Fraser Brown]], who directs Erinys' security operations, has worked for DSL/Armor since 1999. [[Jonathan Garratt]], Erinys' managing director, has worked for DSL and Armor since 1992. The two other Erinys officials named on the website have no apparent ties to either company: [[Sean Cleary]] is a South African risk management expert while [[Bill Elder]] previously worked as Bechtel's corporate security manager.<ref>[http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=8328 Guarding the Oil Underworld in Iraq] by Jim Vallette and Pratap Chatterjee, Special to CorpWatch, September 5th, 2003, accessed 1 October 2009</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | Although it is widely reported that [[Sean Cleary]] was amongst the founders,<ref>Andy Clarno & Salim Vally, [http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=15&ItemID=7376 Privatised War: The South African Connection], ''ZNet'', March 6, 2005</ref> he in fact joined Erinys International shortly after it was founded, though it was at this stage very much a start up. The idea that he was a founder may have been encouraged by Cleary's own account in which he referred to a 'merger' between a company he directed ([[Strategic Concepts]]) and Erinys International. Cleary referred to the creation of 'a potentially larger risk management advisory business, incorporating *business* (intelligence and investigative), *environment* and *physical *risk advisory services, and growing the *socio-political* risk component (already offered by [[Strategic Concepts|Strategic]]) through better marketing.<ref>Sean Cleary 'Email to David Isenberg'</ref>
| |
− |
| |
| ==Iraq== | | ==Iraq== |
| | | |
Line 33: |
Line 7: |
| :"That contract was nothing, whatever, to do with Erinys Iraq, so the attribution to Erinys Iraq is false"<ref>Peter Roberts, RE: Erinys Profile, E-Mail to editor@spinprofiles.org 8-October-2009</ref>. | | :"That contract was nothing, whatever, to do with Erinys Iraq, so the attribution to Erinys Iraq is false"<ref>Peter Roberts, RE: Erinys Profile, E-Mail to editor@spinprofiles.org 8-October-2009</ref>. |
| | | |
− | According to the | + | According to the Washington Post the Nour contract was formally challenged because of complaints about the bidding process. The contract was then awarded to [[Anham]]<ref>James V. Grimaldi, [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A58768-2004May26.html Iraq Arms Contract Misses Deadline], ''The Washington Post'', 27-May-2004, Accessed 11-October-2009</ref>. |
| | | |
| ===Iraq Contracts=== | | ===Iraq Contracts=== |
Line 170: |
Line 144: |
| | | |
| However, it is misleading to refer to the unarmed occupants of the taxi as a 'potential vehicle-borne suicide bomb' and reminiscent of the spin used by the UK and US governments to displace attention from the killing or wounding of civilians by military personnel. | | However, it is misleading to refer to the unarmed occupants of the taxi as a 'potential vehicle-borne suicide bomb' and reminiscent of the spin used by the UK and US governments to displace attention from the killing or wounding of civilians by military personnel. |
− |
| |
− | ==Africa==
| |
− | ===Connections with Apartheid South Africa and white supremacist Rhodesia===
| |
− |
| |
− | The connections between Erinys and military and intelligence operatives formerly of the Apartheid regime in South Africa has been much reported. The basis of this is as follows. First of all the Southern African connections of the founders are extensive. Most have worked in the private military industry in Africa, particularly in southern Africa. Some have served in the military or intelligence services of Southern African States. For example [[Sean Cleary]] had a background in military intelligence and co-founder of Erinys International [[Fraser Brown]] left the British military to sign up with the [[Rhodesian Light Infantry]] where he served for 4 years in the Para Commandos between 1975 and 1979.<ref>Erinys [http://www.erinysinternational.com/CompanyOverview-ManagementProfiles.asp Company Overview - Management Profiles], accessed 12 April 2008.</ref> At the time the racist Rhodesian regime was engaged in a bitter guerrilla war with the liberation movements whose demands included ending the racist system of government which denied black people the vote. The RLI remained one of only two '"all-white" units in the armed forces until the very end of the war in 1979-80'.<ref>Kevin Douglas Stringer, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SHdfNG2NVskC&pg=PA127&lpg=PA127&dq=rhodesian+light+infantry+assassination&source=bl&ots=uox9O-4RA0&sig=ySaPLfk7OGJF1Gk4ORkfRcsadns&hl=en&ei=xcfESraBLMyD4Qae5MA1&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false Military organizations for homeland defense and smaller-scale contingencies: A comparative Approach], New York: Praeger, 2007.</ref> According to some accounts the culture of the all white RLI was deeply racist and at least some of the regiment engaged in torture. According to one memoir which recounts the experiences of 'K' a veteran of the RLI:
| |
− |
| |
− | :This is painful listening. Starkly, Fuller relates K's confessions, particularly the torture of a young African woman. The veterans' conversations are saturated with racial slang and expletives, echoing the violence of their acts. He and his friends, said K, were not animals--they were "worse than animals."<ref>
| |
− | [http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Scribbling+the+Cat:+Travels+with+an+African+Soldier-a0136122385 Scribbling the Cat: Travels with an African Soldier] Alexandra Fuller. 2004. Read by Lisette Lecat. 7 tapes. 9.5 hrs. Recorded Books. 1-4025-8277-3.</ref>
| |
− | ====South African connections====
| |
− | Erinys has been widely reported to be 'full of former South African special forces soldiers'.<ref>Jim Krane 'U.S. employs private armies: Missions in Iraq, Afghanistan and around the world use freelance fighters', St. John's Telegram (Newfoundland) November 2, 2003 Sunday Final Edition, SOURCE: The Associated Press, The Big Picture; Pg. A11</ref> In 2004 the Cleveland based ''Plain dealer'' reported that 'Four Erinys employees have another speciality. [[Etienne Smith]], [[Braam "Pottie" Potgieter]], [[Conrad Blything]] and [[Cobus Brink]], all South Africans, form the personal security detail for [[Tom O'Donnell|O'Donnell]]. They are charged with protecting his life as he oversees the pipeline.'<ref>Chuck Yarborough, Plain Dealer Reporter 'Struggling with security', Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio),February 15, 2004 Sunday, Sports Final / All, Correction Appended, NATIONAL; Pg. A1
| |
− | </ref> In 2005 a PBS journalist went on patrol with an Erinys team and observed that 'Most of them are South Africans, with thick accents.'<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/warriors/report/ Baghdad from a Bulletproof Window] by Marcela Gaviria "Private Warriors" producer Marcela Gaviria describes her April 2005 trip to Baghdad and how it compared to her two previous trips to Iraq. Frontline, PBS, 21 June 2005</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | Africa Confidential estimates that there may be as many as 1,000 former members of the South African security forces in Iraq at present<ref>Adrian Guelke, [http://www.fortnight.org/guelke424.html Iraq’s Mercenary Armies], ''Fortnight'', Accessed 01-October-2009</ref> UPI reports that '1,500 South Africans also serve in Iraq'<ref>United Press International 'UPI Hears ...' April 1, 2004 Thursday</ref> Jonathan Manthorpe of the ''Ottawa Citizen'' reports that there are '1,500 South Africans, most of them white remnants of the apartheid regime, working for security companies in Iraq.'<ref>Jonathan Manthorpe, Ottawa Citizen 'Modern warfare: The freelance soldier', ''Niagara Falls Review'' (Ontario), May 17, 2004 Monday, Final Edition, OPINION; Pg. A4
| |
− | </ref> .
| |
− |
| |
− | The ''Independent on Sunday'' reports that:
| |
− |
| |
− | :Many South Africans are in Iraq illegally - they are breaking new laws, passed by the government in Pretoria, to control South Africa's booming export of mercenaries. Many have been arrested on their return home because they are do not have the licence now required by private soldiers.<ref>ROBERT FISK IN BAGHDAD AND SEVERIN CARRELL IN LONDON A plainclothes US security officer takes cover in a shootout in Baghdad AP/SAMIR MEZBAN, 'OCCUPIERS SPEND MILLIONS ON PRIVATE ARMY OF SECURITY MEN' ''Independent on Sunday'' (London) March 28, 2004, Sunday Final Edition; FOREIGN NEWS; Pg. 21</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | Erinys is understandably sensitive about allegations of its connections with South African paramilitaries formerly working for the Apartheid regime. [[Peter Roberts]] of Erinys writes:
| |
− |
| |
− | :There were never more than fifty expatriates employed on the OPF contract (not ‘thousands’). In fact the contract required forty, but more were needed to provide management expertise. The maximum number of expatriates employed by Erinys Iraq (under the OPF, USACE and other contracts) was probably about 400. They were not exclusively British and South Africa and in 2005 I noted 21 different nationalities in the expatriate workforce.<ref>Peter Roberts 'Comments on Article and Reasons for Amendment', modified 9 September 10:26, attached to Peter Roberts 'Re: Application for User Status', email to editor@spinprofiles, 9 September 2009, 11:28.</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | No doubt there were a variety of nationalities working for Erinys, but this statement does not deny that significant numbers of South Africans worked for Erinys in Iraq. How many of them had been involved in Apartheid special forces and paramilitary operation is still unknown.
| |
− |
| |
− | ====South African paramilitary connections====
| |
− | Operatives working on contract for Erinys (albeit through subcontractors [[Security Applications Systems International]]<ref>Neil Mackay 'Private contractors were implicated in the abuse scandal and some reports even suggest they supervised interrogations' ''The Sunday Herald'', May 9, 2004, Pg. 15</ref>) have had connections with South African Apartheid era paramilitary forces. news reports suggest that 'A former policeman from Pretoria and five other South Africans who worked for a company that provides security services to US civilians in Iraq were wounded in a suicide bombing in January.'<ref>Agence France Presse 'Another South African dies in Iraq, government renews warning ATTENTION - ADDS deputy FM's quotes, background' SECTION: International News, English, April 30, 2004 Friday</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | After his death in a bombing on January 28 it was reported that the victim, [[Francois Strydom]], was a former member of [[Koevoet]], the apartheid-era paramilitary police unit, notorious for acts of violence, torture and murder.<ref>Andy Clarno & Salim Vally, [http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=15&ItemID=7376 Privatised War: The South African Connection], ''ZNet'', March 6, 2005</ref> This 'counter-insurgency' unit also waged a dirty war against Namibian rebels 'that left few prisoners'.<ref> Pacific News Service, [http://news.pacificnews.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=68c393b4db74f12d009eab2321704610 Hired Guns in Iraq May Have War Crimes Pasts], New America Media, 03-May-2004, Accessed 28-September-2009</ref> [[Deon Gouws]], also injured in the bombing was a former member of the South African Security Branch and the notorious [[Vlakplaas]] death squad. In 1996, Gouws had received an amnesty from the [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission]] after admitting to acts of petrol bombings, arson, car bombings and murder. These included:
| |
− |
| |
− | *between 40 to 60 petrol bombings of the homes of political activists;
| |
− | *a car bombing in 1986 that killed an ANC activist;
| |
− | *an arson attack on the home of a doctor who was later assassinated by a Security Branch death squad;
| |
− | *the deaths of at least nine recruits to the military wing of the ANC who were shot and their bodies burned; and
| |
− | *the extra-judicial murder of five would-be bank robbers who were lured into a trap by the Vlakplaas.<ref>Neil Mackay 'Private contractors were implicated in the abuse scandal and some reports even suggest they supervised interrogations' ''The Sunday Herald'', May 9, 2004, Pg. 15</ref>
| |
− | *Involvement in the 1986 murder of regional minister and opposition leader Piet Ntuli<ref>Mark Perlman, [http://www.forward.com/articles/6335/ Apartheid Enforcers Guard Iraq For the U.S.], ''The Jewish Daily Forward'', 20-February-2004, Accessed 05-October-2009</ref>.
| |
− |
| |
− | According to some reports 'There are an estimated 1,500 South Africans employed by security contractors in Iraq, according to the South African foreign ministry. Many used their backgrounds as mercenaries during Apartheid to bolster their credentials.'<ref>Louis Nevaer '[http://news.pacificnews.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=68c393b4db74f12d009eab2321704610 Hired Guns in Iraq May Have War Crimes Pasts]', Pacific News Service, New America Media, 03-May-2004, Accessed 28-September-2009</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | Erinys has objected to accounts, such as that of [[War on Want]],<ref>Fabien Mathieu and Nick Dearden ''[http://www.waronwant.org/attachments/Corporate%20Mercenaries.pdf Corporate Mercenaries: The threat of private military and security companies]'' Published November 2006, London: War on Want, Supported by the [[Campaign Against The Arms Trade]]</ref> suggesting that these operatives were employees of Erinys:
| |
− |
| |
− | :Erinys carries out detailed background checks of its prospective employees and has never employed `former apartheid-era paramilitary police and mercenaries from South Africa’. The WoW reference is to an incident in January 2004, when a subcontractor to Erinys in Iraq was found to have employed such people after failing to carry out background checks: Erinys terminated that subcontract shortly afterwards. WoW would have known this by reference to articles in the ''Pretoria News'' of 29 January 2004 which stated that the individuals were employed by a sub-contractor.<ref>Erinys [http://www.waronwant.org/attachments/Erinys%20response%20to%20War%20on%20Wants%20allegations.pdf Response to allegations made by War on Want against Erinys], posted on the War on Want website, undated, but presumably in 2008, accessed 30 September 2009 </ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | The denial here turns on the definition of 'employed'. The operatives were clearly employed by Erinys in the sense that they were working on contract for them. They were not however, directly employed by Erinys but by a subcontractor.
| |
− | ====Cleary====
| |
− | The appointment of [[Sean Cleary]] as Executive Chairman also connects Erinys to Apartheid era intelligence and propaganda networks. Cleary was a South African military intelligence operative in the 1960s and later became a south African diplomat based, among other places, in the US.<ref>Sean Cleary, [http://www.wkforum.org/WKF/speakers/viewspeaker_2002_e.php?lecturer_code=1602&year=2002 Speakers: World Knowledge Forum 2002], ''World Knowledge Program'', Accessed 10-September-2009</ref>. After leaving the diplomatic service Clearly set up a series of companies in London and elsewhere. Some of these were reported as being lobbying and propaganda fronts for the Apartheid regime. In addition Cleary acted as spokesperson for [[Jonas Savimbi]] of [[UNITA]] the US and Apartheid proxy engaged in subverting the Angolan government.<ref>Elaine Windrich, [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=6724 Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds], ''HNet Book Reviews'', Accessed 11-September-2009</ref> For example Cleary's company [[Strategy Network International]] was described by ''The Guardian'' as being a key part of "an extensive network of right-wing organizations linked to the South African government". According to their investigation the company was "set up in the 1980s by Sean Cleary, a former South African diplomat who once served in Washington. Cleary's group spearheaded the 1989 election campaign in Namibia for pro-South African politicians running against the Namibian independence movement, Swapo".
| |
− |
| |
− | :Subsequent investigations in South Africa have revealed that the anti-Swapo effort was the first part of "Operation Agree," a complex secret strategy by South African military intelligence designed to preserve South African economic dominance of the southern African region. Support for Unita in Angola's elections was the second phase of "Operation Agree," according to a former intelligence officer, Nico Basson, who gave extensive testimony during the investigation<ref>Victoria Britain,[http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy.stir.ac.uk/uk/nexis/results/docview/docview.do?start=6&sort=BOOLEAN&format=GNBFI&risb=21_T7317952952 ANGOLAN WAR SPAWNS COMPLEX WEB OF PROFITEERS Fierce, deadly conflict continues], ''Insight Guardian News Service'', 5-April-1993, Accessed 11-September-2009</ref>.
| |
− |
| |
− | According to The Independent [[Strategy Network International]] was specifically created to lobby against economic sanctions and as propagandist for [[Unita]], the Angolan opposition group, and for the so-called 'transitional government' of Namibia set up in defiance of UN resolution 435 on Namibian independence<ref>PATRICIA WYNN DAVIES, RICHARD DOWDEN and JOHN CARLIN, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/the-attack-on-sleaze-how-apartheid-regime-set-out-to-woo-tories-patricia-wynn-davies-tells-the-story-of-the-firm-which-gave-mps-a-south-african-perspective-1444979.html The Attack on Sleaze: How apartheid regime set out to woo Tories: Patricia Wynn Davies tells the story of the firm which gave MPs a South African perspective], ''The Independent'', 26-October-1994, Accessed 11-September-2009</ref>.
| |
− |
| |
− | ===Nigeria===
| |
− |
| |
− | In August 2009 Erinys International announced the award of a 3-5 year contract by the British [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]]. The contract is to protect British diplomats in the Nigerian capital Abuja<ref>Latest News, [http://www.erinys.net/cgi-bin/download.cgi Erinys secures British Foreign & Commonwealth Office contract award for security services in Nigeria], Erinys International, 28-August-2009, Accessed 01-October-2009</ref>.
| |
− |
| |
− | Erinys had a presence in Nigeria prior to securing the FCO contract. According to a report in Africa Energy Intelligence (AEI):
| |
− |
| |
− | :"In recent years the private security industry has flocked to the oil sector and particularly to Nigeria, where Britain's [[ArmorGroup]], [[Control Risks]] Group, [[Erinys]] and [[Mars Omega]] as well as the U.S. concern [[Triple Canopy]] all have offices<ref>AEI, 'Shifting Focus to Africa; Aegis Defense Service', ''Africa Energy Intelligence'', 05-May-2008, Accessed via Nexis UK 01-October-2009</ref>.
| |
− |
| |
− | Another AEI report claims:
| |
− |
| |
− | :"Erinys, which carried out reconnaissance operations for [[Chevron]] on the Benin River, Dibi, Gbokoda, Omuro and Opuekeba oil fields which the American major was forced to close down in 2003 and which it partially re-opened in 2006. To facilitate its operations in the Delta, Erinys teamed up with the Nigerian concern [[Ibru Organization]] which is controlled by the family of [[Alex Ibru]], former governor of Delta state and then interior minister in the first government of the late [[Sani Abacha]]. Now run by one of his sons, [[Michael Ibru]], the group remains highly active in the Delta"<ref>AEI, Niger Delta a Gold Mine for Private Security Firms, 28-February-2007, ''African Energy Intelligence'', Accessed via Nexis UK 01-October-2009</ref>.
| |
− |
| |
− | [[Tim Reilly]], director of energy projects at Erinys International, commenting on the firms security operations in the Niger Delta said:
| |
− |
| |
− | :"We are increasingly having to move away from addressing the symptoms and begin to start addressing the causes,". Whereas security used to involve dominating or excluding security threats, Erinys advocates combining traditional physical security measures with the adoption of moral principles on, for example, human rights"<ref>'Analysis, From Bad to Worse', ''Petroleum Economist'', November 2006, Accessed via Nexis UK 01-October-2009</ref>.
| |
− |
| |
− | ===Opening offices across Africa===
| |
− | Nigeria isn't the only country in Africa where Erinys have a presence. According to a 2005 article in the ''Indian Ocean Newsletter'':
| |
− |
| |
− | :"It is now to open agency offices in several African countries: Congo, Ghana, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania and Sudan. As part of this scheme, it has just taken the former Africa chief of [[ArmorGroup]], [[Jonathan Eldridge]], to run its South Africa office which will oversee the company's African expansion"<ref>Indian Ocean Newsletter, 'Jonathon Eldridge', ''Indian Ocean Newsletter'', 04-June-2005, Acccessed via Nexis UK 01-October-2009</ref>.
| |
− |
| |
− | By October 2009 the Erinys website lists African offices in South Africa, Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>Erinys [http://www.erinys.net/#/locations-south-africa/4532932121 Locations - South Africa], accessed 3 October 2009</ref><ref>Erinys [http://www.erinys.net/#/locations-kinshasa/4532932123 Locations - DRC], accessed 3 October 2009</ref><ref>Erinys [http://www.erinys.net/#/locations-lagos/4532932137 Locations - Nigeria], accessed 3 October 2009</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | ===Allegations of involvement in Ghana and elsewhere===
| |
− | It has been occasionally reported that Erinys was involved in human rights abuses in Ghana and other places such as in Nigeria, Angola and Colombia. For example Pratap Chatterjee's book ''Iraq Inc.'' states:
| |
− |
| |
− | :In August 2003, the Wassa Association of Communities Affected by Mining (WACAM), a Ghanain nonprofit released a report detailing alleged human rights abuses perpetrated by Erinys workers at an Ashanti Gold mine. It relays eyewitness accounts of Ashanti Gold security personnel torturing, beating, and killing local small scale miners between 1994 and 2002. WACAMK further alleges that corporate security used guard dogs to feed on trespassers”<ref>Pratap Chatterjee, Iraq Inc, Seven Stories Press, 2004, p. 119</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | These allegations are echoed by Richard Giragosian in the ''Asia Times'' who writes that Erinys and its staff “have been further plagued by a series of questions over its security work in the Niger Delta and Angola, its role in protecting the British Petroleum pipeline in Colombia, and have been subjected to allegations of human rights violations at the Ashanti gold mine in Ghana”<ref>Richard Giragosian, [http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/FA27Ak03.html Targeting weak points: Iraq's oil pipelines], ''Asia Times'', 27-January-2004.</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | Obviously Erinys could not have been implicated in any of these events before the firm was founded in 2001/2. In addition it can be noted that Erinys has specifically stated in an apology published by the South African ''Sunday Independent'' in 2005 that 'it has not conducted any activities or provided services to Ashanti, nor has it done any work in Ghana.'<ref>'For the record' ''Sunday Independent'', March 27, 2005.</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | Erinys also state that they have not been involved at all in Colombia and have had only one contract in each of Angola and Nigeria (as at 2009):
| |
− |
| |
− | :The only contract that Erinys has had in the Niger Delta was a consultancy project (ie it did not involve provision of security guards) and is detailed as a Case Study on the Erinys website at:http://www.erinys.net/#/case8-niger/4535132936. Erinys has never had any operations in Angola, except for a market research study on the beer market for an SA client, which was carried out using a third party in Angola. Erinys has never had any operations or contracts in any part of South or Central America.<ref>[[Peter Roberts]] 'Re: Ghana' Email to editor@spinprofiles.org 2 October 2009 15:13</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | In the case of Ghana the original source detailing human rights abuses by Ashanti security staff does not mention Erinys as the company involved.<ref>Wassa Association of Communities Affected by Mining (WACAM) [http://www.wacamghana.com/resources/ANNUAL%20REPORT%20FOR%202003.pdf Annual Report 2003] Prepared by Hannah Owusu-Koranteng, Director of Training and Research, JANUARY 2004 </ref> Erinys had not been created until the very end of the period covered by the report. On the other hand, [[ArmorGroup]] for which many of the senior figures in [[Erinys]] previously worked, has been employed by [[AngloGold Ashanti]] in Ghana, according to some reports.<ref>'Taking control beyond borders', ''Mining Magazine'' August 2007, SECTION: MANAGEMENT IN ACTION - MINE SECURITY; Pg. 34</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | In the case of Colombia, it seems likely that Erinys has - at some point - been confused with [[Defence Systems Limited]] the company which was taken over by [[ArmorGroup]] in 1997. Most of the senior management of Erinys formerly worked for DSL/Armor. DSL ran the security for the [[Ocensca]] pipeline in Colombia and was implicated in significant human rights abuses there.
| |
− |
| |
− | According to an investigation carried out jointly by the Guardian and the Colombian newspaper El Espectador, 'confidential documents in the Guardian's possession reveal that':
| |
− |
| |
− | :Ocensa bought and supplied military equipment to a Colombian army brigade protecting its pipeline that has been implicated in two massacres by rightwing death squads under its control during the civil war. Talks on the arms deal began soon after one well-publicised massacre of 14 people, including women and children. The chief security officer for BP and Ocensa discussed arming the brigade with attack helicopters and guns.
| |
− |
| |
− | :Ocensa security, run by the British-based security company [[Defence Systems Limited]] (DSL), proposed setting up a "psychological warfare" training course for internal security staff made up of former Colombian army officers. DSL and its ex-SAS soldiers were brought to Colombia by BP to protect its pounds 25 billion oil fields in the east and the 500-mile Ocensa pipeline that carries the crude oil to the Caribbean coast for export to the United States. Oil installations in Colombia are a military target for leftwing guerrillas, and BP receives protection from the Colombian military. But in the past two years British non-governmental organisations have repeatedly raised concerns with BP about its secret protection agreements with Colombian security forces - among the world's worst human rights abusers - and with international corporate mercenaries.
| |
− |
| |
− | :Our investigation also reveals that: While these talks were taking place Ocensa security ran a well-financed spying operation in the local community using paid informants, according to a former security official. The information was passed to counter-guerrilla brigades protecting the pipeline. DSL employs a former Colombian army officer, Major General [[Herman Guzman Rodriguez]], whose name appears in the Black Book of Colombian State Terrorism compiled by international human rights lawyers. The book says there is "abundant evidence and testimony" linking Gen Guzman Rodriguez to a paramilitary group responsible for 149 murders in 1987 90. He denies the allegations, which have never been investigated.<ref>Michael Gillard, Ignacio Gomez and Melissa Jones 'BP sacks security chief over arms deal;Inquiry into arms and spy scandal' ''The Guardian'' (London) October 17, 1998 The Guardian Home Page; Pg. 1</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | ==Joint Ventures==
| |
− | ===Working with Airscan, manufacturer of drones===
| |
− |
| |
− | According to a report from global security.org:
| |
− |
| |
− | :"The contract for aerial surveillance granted in December 2003 was awarded to [[Erinys Iraq]], which awarded a subcontract to Florida-based [[AirScan]] Inc for aerial surveillance of the pipelines in support of Erinys. AirScan provides night air surveillance of the pipeline and oil infrastructure, using low-light television cameras"<ref>Intelligence, [http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/iraq/fps.htm Facility Protection Service (FPS) Facilities Protection Forces], ''Globalsecurity.org'', Accessed 01-October-2009</ref>.
| |
− | ==Lobbying and political connections==
| |
− | Erinys has been active in lobby groups set up to pursue the interests of the private military industry.
| |
− |
| |
− | ===International Peace Operations Association ===
| |
− |
| |
− | ===British Association of Private Security Companies===
| |
− | [[Image:BAPSC Statement 6 Jan 09.png|right|thumb|375px|Erinys announces it has left the [[British Association of Private Security Companies]], January 2009]]
| |
− |
| |
− | ==Managing Erinys' public profile==
| |
− | Erinys has been active in attempting to manage its reputation by threatening legal proceedings against or sending rebuttal letters to a wide variety of news outlets and even to some non government organisations.
| |
− | ===List of complaints and rebuttals===
| |
− | *Original Article, Mark Townsend,[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/11/iraq-uk-security-firms Iraq victims sue UK security firm], ''The Observer'', 11-January-2009.
| |
− | :*Press Release, [http://www.erinys.net/#/news/4531362987 Erinys issues response to 11 January 2009 Observer article], Erinys International, 12-January-2009, Accessed 02-October-2009.
| |
− | *Panorama
| |
− | :*Press Release, [http://www.erinys.net/#/news/4531362987 Editorial weakness and inaccuracy revealed in BBC Panorama's 'Daylight Robbery' programme], Erinys International, 12-January-2009, Accessed 02-October-2009
| |
− | *David Isenberg
| |
− | :*Jonathan Garratt, [http://www.atimes.com/atimes/letters_11.html Letter of Complaint], Asia Times Online, 04-November-2004, Accessed 02-October-2009
| |
− | :*David Isenberg, [http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Front_Page/FK06Aa01.html David Isenberg responds], Asia Times Online, 6-November-2004, Accessed 02-October-2009.
| |
− | * War on Want: Fabien Mathieu and Nick Dearden ''[http://www.waronwant.org/attachments/Corporate%20Mercenaries.pdf Corporate Mercenaries: The threat of private military and security companies]'' Published November 2006, London: War on Want, Supported by the [[Campaign Against The Arms Trade]].
| |
− | :*War on Want - Erinys, [http://www.waronwant.org/attachments/Erinys%20response%20to%20War%20on%20Wants%20allegations.pdf Response to allegations made by War on Want against Erinys], Erinys International, Accessed 03-October-2009.
| |
− | *Original Article, [http://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/1166/A-very-private-war A Very Private War], ''Africa Confidential'', 11-June-2004.
| |
− | :*Africa Confidential - letter of rebuttal published on 5 November 2004 in relation to an article ('a very private war') published on 11 June 2004
| |
− | *Original article: Private Eye 14 June 2004
| |
− | :*Private Eye, letter from Ian Hislop on 1st July 2004 in response to a complaint that we made about inaccurate coverage in the issue of 14 June 2004. According to [[Peter Roberts]] 'It fell short of using the word 'apologise', but at least PE never repeated the same errors, so we took it no further.'<ref>Peter Roberts, ref needed</ref>
| |
− | *Original Article
| |
− | :*Independent on Sunday (South Africa) letter published on 20 March 2005 and apology on 27 March 2005 re Clarno/Vally article on 'privatised war' March 2005 Letter.
| |
− | *Original Article
| |
− | :*New Vision (Uganda)Rebuttal letter published on 22 June 2005
| |
− | *Defamation Case against the BBC
| |
− | :*Miles Goslett, 'Ex Army officer sues BBC over Waking The Dead character and a 'coincidence too far', ''Mail On Sunday'', 25-May-2008, Accessed from Lexis Nexis, 09-September-2009
| |
− | :*Tara Conlan, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/may/21/bbc.television3 BBC says sorry over Waking the Dead], The Guardian, 21-May-2008, Accessed 09-September-2009
| |
− |
| |
− | ===Managing PBS===
| |
− | Few of the Private Military contractors are keen to allow themselves to be filmed by journalists. Erinys was an exception in 2005 when it drove PBS producer [[Marcela Gaviria]] around Bagdhad. Gaviria reports:
| |
− |
| |
− | :One day, as I'm settling in my room to check my e-mail... I get a phone call on my Iraqna cell. It's [[Andy Melville]] from Erinys and he wants to talk to me and find out what kind of film we are doing. I offer the hotel lobby. He offers to pick me up so I can spend the day with his private security team. I briefly hesitate, but quickly call up my co-producer Martin Smith and cameraman Tim Grucza to let them know where I've gone, and 30 minutes later I'm inside a bulletproof SUV careening about Baghdad's "Red Zone" at high speed. I'm in the "client car," unsure of where we are headed and thinking this is kind of nuts.
| |
− |
| |
− | :The sirens make me the most uncomfortable. It's about as inviting as driving around Baghdad with a U.S. flag or a Union Jack hanging out the window. I'm starting to miss my discreet Iraqi driver in his beat-up Mercedes and tinted windows. Somehow, even driving in a soft-shell car seems a lot safer than running around the city in a three-car convoy with guys with big guns hanging out the window.
| |
− |
| |
− | :The guys tell me they make six runs a day. It's impressive to beat the odds six times a day, every day. For a private security detail in Iraq, the facts of life are simple: Insurgents mingle in traffic, artillery shells are buried on the roadside, suicide bombers in cars packed with explosives lurk at on-ramps, waiting for convoys like theirs to pass by. There are no reliable statistics on how many private security guards have died in Iraq, but Erinys' gets attacked once or twice a week...
| |
− |
| |
− | The US journalist acts almost as if she is embedded with the Erinys team, and allows herself to pose for a photograph with a weapon with the Erinys operatives:
| |
− | [[Image:Repp2.jpg|thumb|right|350px|[[Marcela Gaviria]] of PBS poses with a gun with a group of [[Erinys]] operatives in Baghdad in early 2005. The picture was originally posted on the PBS website with the caption 'Gaviria with the Erinys team (faces obscured by FRONTLINE for security reasons)'<ref>Source: PBS website [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/warriors/report/ Baghdad from a Bulletproof Window] by Marcela Gaviria "Private Warriors" producer Marcela Gaviria describes her April 2005 trip to Baghdad and how it compared to her two previous trips to Iraq. Frontline, PBS, 21 June 2005</ref>]]
| |
− | :The boys are very relaxed. They seem to be enjoying the company of a visitor -- a female one to boot -- and are eager to teach me how to hold and fire a rifle. Most of them are South Africans, with thick accents. They are a charming bunch that make me laugh. And they are a close-knit group that seem to be relishing this experience.
| |
− |
| |
− | :They fire hundreds of rounds at paper bodies taped to wooden planks. It's so loud, some of them use bullets as earplugs. I'm hoping they'll do that again if I get them to agree for cameras to follow them about for a couple of days. I ask a lot of questions and get a lot of very candid answers. Henny, what are you most afraid of out here? "Having my head chopped off ma'am." Bernard, how many Iraqi insurgents have you killed? "Can't comment on that ma'am, but let's say more than I can count on one hand." China, Iraqis hate you guys… "Yeah, they have a point, but if we did this differently, we'd be losing clients."<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/warriors/report/ Baghdad from a Bulletproof Window] by Marcela Gaviria "Private Warriors" producer Marcela Gaviria describes her April 2005 trip to Baghdad and how it compared to her two previous trips to Iraq. Frontline, PBS, 21 June 2005</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | The Erinys team have no need to fear that this report will be at all critical, but they don't leave anything to chance, threatening the journalist about what will happen if any investigative elements creep into her report.:
| |
− |
| |
− | :That night Andy Melville wrote me an e-mail telling me that we have permission to film the team. He adds, "If I get a whiff that you are doing an investigative piece, I will be forced to come to the hotel and collect the footage forcibly." Luckily he never did carry out the threat.<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/warriors/report/ Baghdad from a Bulletproof Window] by Marcela Gaviria "Private Warriors" producer Marcela Gaviria describes her April 2005 trip to Baghdad and how it compared to her two previous trips to Iraq. Frontline, PBS, 21 June 2005</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | ===Defamation Case against the BBC===
| |
− |
| |
− | Erinys International began legal proceedings against the BBC after accusing the firm of defamation. The BBC had aired an episode of Waking the Dead which featured a fictional character who had the same name and background as Erinys Managing Director [[Jonathan Garratt]].
| |
− |
| |
− | According to the ''Mail on Sunday'' the character in the BBC drama 'kills one of his friends and embarks on a shady business deal with an Iraqi villain to secure a lucrative contract.' Garratt and Erinys both sued the BBC. Garratt argued that:
| |
− | :'I can understand that they might have used the same name but everything else about my regiment, my background and my current job means this is a coincidence too far. It's all too close to the bone. The BBC is meant to be a publicly funded broadcaster with the appropriate responsibility to present a balanced view.'<ref>Miles Goslett, 'Ex Army officer sues BBC over Waking The Dead character and a 'coincidence too far', ''Mail On Sunday'', 25-May-2008, Accessed from Lexis Nexis, 09-September-2009</ref>
| |
− | The BBC apologised for 'any embarrassment caused' and said 'John Garret' was 'entirely fictional' and 'was not intended to bear any similarity to [[Jonathan Garratt]].'<ref>Tara Conlan, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/may/21/bbc.television3 BBC says sorry over Waking the Dead], The Guardian, 21-May-2008, Accessed 09-September-2009</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | ==Litvinenko Affair==
| |
− | Ex-[[KGB]] officer [[Alexander Litvinenko]] visited Erinys' offices in London shortly before his death from polonium poisoning. According to the ''New York Sun'':
| |
− |
| |
− | :Litvinenko then proceeded to the Millennium Hotel, where he had an appointment to see [[Andrei Lugovoi]], who had also served in the FSB up until 1999 and who now owned a private security firm in Moscow. He had been meeting with Mr. Lugovoi on his trips to London for several months, and two weeks earlier had brought him to [[Erinys International]], one of the security companies in Mr. [[Boris Berezovsky|Berezovsky]]'s building, to discuss a business proposal. According to Mr. Lugovoi, Litvinenko now wanted to discuss the progress of that venture, and so met him and his business associate [[Dmitry Kovtun]] in the crowded Pine Bar for tea. After leaving the Pine Bar, Litvinenko went to Mr. Berezovsky's office. When he returned home, according to his wife Marina, he felt ill. Two days later, he was admitted to Barnet General Hospital.<ref>[http://www2.nysun.com/article/73212?page_no=1 The Specter That Haunts the Death of Litvinenko], [[Edward Jay Epstein]], [[New York Sun]], 18 March 2008.</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | Reports from the police investigation Litvinenko's death revealed that traces of polonium 210 the radioactive substance that killed Litvinenko were found at [[Erinys International]]’s London office in Grosvenor Street. Traces of the radioactive substance were also found at the London offices of the exiled Russian oligarch [[Boris Berezovsky]] and at the Millennium Hotel in nearby Grosvenor Square.
| |
− |
| |
− | A spokesman for the company, Erinys, said it had alerted police because Mr Litvinenko had visited its offices on a 'totally unrelated' matter some time before he was admitted to hospital. He added: 'None of our staff with whom he had contact have suffered any ill effects.'<ref> Sandra Laville and Tania Branigan, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2006/nov/28/russia.politics Polonium detected at Berezovsky's office], The Guardian, 28-November-2006, Accessed 28-September-2009</ref>.
| |
− |
| |
− | ==People==
| |
− | ===Management===
| |
− | {| border="1" cellpadding="2"
| |
− | !width="150"|Name
| |
− | !width="150"|Erinys Branch
| |
− | !width="150"|Position
| |
− | !width="150"|Joined Erinys
| |
− | !width="150"|Left Erinys
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |[[John Holmes]] || [[Erinys (UK) Ltd]]|| Director || 20-July-2004 || 05-December-2008
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |[[Michael Hutchings]] || [[Erinys (UK) Ltd]] || Director || 27-August-2009 || Present
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |[[Godfrey Mcfall]] || [[Erinys (UK) Ltd]] || Director || 14-August-2008 || Present
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |[[Peter Roberts]] || [[Erinys (UK) Ltd]] || Group Business & Legal Advisor|| 03-August-2004 & 01-June-2006 || 05-April-2005 (Returned in June 2006)
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |[[Jonathan Garratt]] || [[Erinys International]] || Group Managing Director || 2001 || Present
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |[[Fraser Brown]] || [[Erinys International]] || Chief Operations Officer || 2001 || Present
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |[[Jonathan Eldridge]] || [[Erinys Africa (Pty) Ltd]] || Regional Director (Africa) || May-2005 || Present
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |[[George Hatton]] || [[Erinys Iraq]] || Country Manager (Iraq) || 2007 || Present
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |[[Davey Kirk]] || [[Erinys Africa (Pty) Ltd]] || Country Manager (Nigeria) || 2007 || Present
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |[[Clare Harkin]] || || Conflict Resolution Consultant || ||
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |[[Jean Jacques N'Salanga]] || [[Erinys Africa (Pty) Ltd]] || Country Manager (DRC & ROC) || 2004 || Present
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |[[Drew Weir]] || [[Erinys Iraq]] || Director of Operations (Iraq) || -January-2004 || -September-2005
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |[[Natalie Brown]] || [[Erinys (UK) Ltd]] || Secretary || 16-April-2005 || 16-January-2006
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |[[Judi Donegan]] || [[Erinys (UK) Ltd]] || Secretary || 16-January-2006 || 31-May-2006
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |[[Dominik Henry]] || [[Erinys (UK) Ltd]] || Secretary || 20-July-2004 || 03-August-2004
| |
− | |}
| |
− |
| |
− | ===South Africa circa 2003===
| |
− | According to the South Africa based Sunday Times in December 2003, [[Erinys International]] was headquartered in Johannesburg and directed by South Africans:
| |
− |
| |
− | :'Information lodged with the DTI in Pretoria shows that the company... is steered by South Africans. Garratt is identified as a resident of the Dainfern housing estate near Midrand and has a South African ID number indicating his age as 41. Other directors of Erinys include [[Christian Gouws]] of Menlo Park, Pretoria, and [[Sean Michael Cleary]] of Constantia, Cape Town. A fourth director, [[Alastair Morrison]], is listed as living in France. Garratt's assistant said Gouws and Cleary had resigned from the company, but their departures were not reflected in the latest data from the DTI'.<ref>Bonny Schoonakker 'SA company to protect Iraqi oil', Sunday Times (South Africa) December 7, 2003, Economy, Business & Finance; Pg. 5</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | ===Personnel===
| |
− | 'Four Erinys employees have another specialty. [[Etienne Smith]], [[Braam "Pottie" Potgieter]], [[Conrad Blything]] and [[Cobus Brink]], all South Africans, form the personal security detail for [[Tom O'Donnell|O'Donnell]]. They are charged with protecting his life as he oversees the pipeline.'<ref>Chuck Yarborough, Plain Dealer Reporter 'Struggling with security', Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio),February 15, 2004 Sunday, Sports Final / All, Correction Appended, NATIONAL; Pg. A1</ref> | [[Tim Reilly]], director of energy projects<ref>'Analysis, From Bad to Worse', ''Petroleum Economist'', November 2006, Accessed via Nexis UK 01-October-2009</ref> |
| |
− |
| |
− | ==Affiliations, Subsidiaries and Addresses==
| |
− | ===Affiliations===
| |
− | *[[British Association of Private Security Companies]] | [[Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence]] – sent staff on courses there <ref>Scribd, [http://www.scribd.com/doc/19267028/LR0026-Certificate-in-Terrorism-Studies-LR0026EA20B-Private-Sector-Email Certificate in Terrorism], St. Andrews University, Accessed 10-September-2009</ref> | [[International Peace Operations Association]] | [[Private Security Company Association of Iraq]]
| |
− |
| |
− | ===Addresses and Subsidiaries===
| |
− | :[[Erinys International]] Ltd Head Office Erinys Middle East & Central Asia Regional Office
| |
− | :Building 5EA, Suite 128, Dubai Airport Free Zone, Dubai. United Arab Emirates.<ref>Erinys [http://www.erinys.net/#/locations/4532932068 Locations - Head Office; Middle East & Central Asia], accessed 3 October 2009</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | :[[Erinys (UK) Ltd]]
| |
− | :66 [[Chiltern Street]]
| |
− | :LONDON
| |
− | :UK
| |
− | :W1U 4JT
| |
− | :Company No. 05184177
| |
− |
| |
− | :[[Erinys South Africa]]
| |
− | :Erinys South Africa (Pty) Ltd &
| |
− | :Erinys Africa Regional Office
| |
− | :Erinys House, Mulberry Hill Office Park, Broadacres Drive, Johannesburg, RSA.<ref>Erinys [http://www.erinys.net/#/locations-south-africa/4532932121 Locations - South Africa], accessed 3 October 2009</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | :[[Erinys Irak]]
| |
− | :Erinys Iraq Ltd.
| |
− | :Baghdad International Airport, Free Trade Zone, Baghdad, Iraq.<ref>Erinys [http://www.erinys.net/#/locations-baghdad/4532932155 Locations - Baghdad], accessed 3 October 2009</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | :[[IDG Security Aghanistan Ltd]]
| |
− | :Part of the Erinys Group
| |
− | :Sherpor, District 10, Street 15, Lane 6, House 1020, Kabul, Afghanistan<ref>Erinys [http://www.erinys.net/#/locations-kabul/4535651780 Locations - Kabul], accessed 3 October 2009</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | :[[Erinys RDC s.p.r.l.]]
| |
− | :Concession Cotex, 63 Avenue Colonel Mondjiba, Nr 3B, Ngaliema, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>Erinys [http://www.erinys.net/#/locations-kinshasa/4532932123 Locations - DRC], accessed 3 October 2009</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | :Erinys Nigeria Ltd.
| |
− | :Care of: Ibru Organisation Ltd, No 6 Louis Solomon Close, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria.<ref>Erinys [http://www.erinys.net/#/locations-lagos/4532932137 Locations - Nigeria], accessed 3 October 2009</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | ===Addresses===
| |
− |
| |
− | :Erinys International,
| |
− | :25 [[Grosvenor Street]],
| |
− | :W1K <ref>Erinys International, [http://platial.com/post/3132639 Platial], ''CAAT'', Accessed 01-October-2009</ref>
| |
− |
| |
− | ==References and Resources==
| |
− |
| |
− | ===Resources===
| |
− | *Alec Klein, [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/23/AR2007082302233.html For Security in Iraq, a Turn to British Know-How], Washington Post, 24 August 2007.
| |
− | ===References===
| |
− | <references/>
| |
− | [[Category:Private Military Corporations]]
| |