Difference between revisions of "United Torah Judaism"

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'''United Torah Judaism''' , is a [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]], religious conservative<ref name=":0" /> political alliance in Israel. The alliance, consisting of [[Agudat Yisrael]] and [[Degel HaTorah]], was first formed in 1992, in order to maximize Ashkenazi [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]] representation in the [[Knesset]]. Despite the alliance splitting in 2004 over rabbinical differences, the parties reconciled in [[2006 Israeli legislative election|2006]], in order to prevent vote wasting. In [[April 2019 Israeli legislative election|April 2019]], the party achieved its highest number of seats ever, receiving eight seats. It is part of the so called [[National camp]].
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'''United Torah Judaism''' , is a [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]], religious conservative<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Politics/UTJ.html |title=Israel Political Parties: United Torah Judaism |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library |access-date=9 March 2019}}</ref> political alliance in Israel. The alliance, consisting of [[Agudat Yisrael]] and [[Degel HaTorah]], was first formed in 1992, in order to maximize Ashkenazi [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]] representation in the [[Knesset]]. Despite the alliance splitting in 2004 over rabbinical differences, the parties reconciled in [[2006 Israeli legislative election|2006]], in order to prevent vote wasting. In [[April 2019 Israeli legislative election|April 2019]], the party achieved its highest number of seats ever, receiving eight seats. It is part of the so called [[National camp]].
  
 
Unlike similar religiously-oriented parties like [[Shas]], [[The Jewish Home]], [[Tkuma (political party)|Tkuma]], and [[Noam (political party)|Noam]], UTJ is [[Non-Zionism#Haredi non-Zionism|non-Zionist]]. Unlike some other Haredim, the party is notable for its usage of technology and electronic communication.<ref name="SignOTheTimes">{{cite news|last=Kershner|first=Isabel|date=20 April 2019|title=Israel's Ultra-Orthodox Parties Embrace Technology and Emerge Stronger|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/20/world/middleeast/israel-ultra-orthodox-technology.html|access-date=20 April 2019}}</ref>
 
Unlike similar religiously-oriented parties like [[Shas]], [[The Jewish Home]], [[Tkuma (political party)|Tkuma]], and [[Noam (political party)|Noam]], UTJ is [[Non-Zionism#Haredi non-Zionism|non-Zionist]]. Unlike some other Haredim, the party is notable for its usage of technology and electronic communication.<ref name="SignOTheTimes">{{cite news|last=Kershner|first=Isabel|date=20 April 2019|title=Israel's Ultra-Orthodox Parties Embrace Technology and Emerge Stronger|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/20/world/middleeast/israel-ultra-orthodox-technology.html|access-date=20 April 2019}}</ref>
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== Structure and constituency ==
 +
UTJ has always been a coalition of two individual parties, choosing to take advantage of Israeli election law in order to maximize the number of seats it can gain in the Knesset (and thus maximize its influence):
 +
* The [[Agudat Yisrael]] ("Union of Israel") party that is guided by the followers of [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidism]] in Israel, and also consisting of [[Ashkenazi Jews]]. The leading members of this party are the followers of the [[Ger (Hasidic dynasty)|Ger]], [[Vizhnitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Vizhnitz]], and [[Belz (Hasidic dynasty)|Belz]] Hasidim.
 +
* The [[Degel HaTorah]] ("Banner of the [[Torah]]") party that is guided by the rabbinic heads (usually the leading [[rosh yeshiva]]s ("deans") of the [[Lithuanian Jews|Lithuanian]] yeshivas) of non-Hasidic [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]] Ashkenazi Jews.
  
 +
The Agudat Yisrael faction takes its directions from the Hasidic [[rebbe]]s of [[Ger (Hasidic dynasty)|Ger]] (Rabbi [[Yaakov Aryeh Alter]]), [[Vizhnitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Vizhnitz]] (Rabbi [[Yisroel Hager]]), and [[Belz (Hasidic dynasty)|Belz]] (Rabbi [[Yissachar Dov Rokeach (fifth Belzer rebbe)|Yissachar Dov Rokeach]]). Policy decisions are also weighed and decided by a [[Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah]] ("Council of Torah Sages"), a council of communal rabbis, made up of mostly senior and elderly [[rebbe]]s.
 +
 +
Degel HaTorah's pre-eminent sages are Rabbi [[Chaim Kanievsky]] and Rabbi [[Gershon Edelstein]], of [[Bnei Brak]]. Policy decisions are also weighed and decided by their own "Moetzes" (Council) of experienced communal rabbis, made up of mostly senior and elderly [[rosh yeshiva]]s.
 +
 +
==Election results==
 +
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
 +
!Election
 +
!Leader
 +
!Votes
 +
!%
 +
!Seats
 +
!+/–
 +
!Government
 +
|-
 +
|[[1992 Israeli legislative election|1992]]
 +
|align=left|[[Avraham Yosef Shapira]]
 +
|86,167
 +
|3.29 (#7)
 +
|{{Composition bar|4|120|{{party color|United Torah Judaism}}}}
 +
|{{decrease}} 3
 +
|{{no2|Opposition}}
 +
|-
 +
|[[1996 Israeli general election|1996]]
 +
|align=left rowspan=2| [[Meir Porush]]
 +
|98,657
 +
|3.23 (#8)
 +
|{{Composition bar|4|120|{{party color|United Torah Judaism}}}}
 +
|{{steady}}
 +
|{{yes2|Coalition}}
 +
|-
 +
|[[1999 Israeli general election|1999]]
 +
|125,741
 +
|3.80 (#9)
 +
|{{Composition bar|5|120|{{party color|United Torah Judaism}}}}
 +
|{{increase}} 1
 +
|{{yes2|Coalition}}
 +
|-
 +
|[[2003 Israeli legislative election|2003]]
 +
|align=left rowspan=8| [[Yaakov Litzman]]
 +
|135,087
 +
|4.29 (#8)
 +
|{{Composition bar|5|120|{{party color|United Torah Judaism}}}}
 +
|{{steady}}
 +
|{{no2|Opposition}}
 +
|-
 +
|[[2006 Israeli legislative election|2006]]
 +
|147,091
 +
|4.69 (#8)
 +
|{{Composition bar|6|120|{{party color|United Torah Judaism}}}}
 +
|{{increase}} 1
 +
|{{no2|Opposition}}
 +
|-
 +
|[[2009 Israeli legislative election|2009]]
 +
|147,954
 +
|4.39 (#6)
 +
|{{Composition bar|5|120|{{party color|United Torah Judaism}}}}
 +
|{{decrease}} 1
 +
|{{yes2|Coalition}}
 +
|-
 +
|[[2013 Israeli legislative election|2013]]
 +
|195,892
 +
|5.16 (#6)
 +
|{{Composition bar|7|120|{{party color|United Torah Judaism}}}}
 +
|{{increase}} 2
 +
|{{no2|Opposition}}
 +
|-
 +
|[[2015 Israeli legislative election|2015]]
 +
|210,143
 +
|4.99 (#9)
 +
|{{Composition bar|6|120|{{party color|United Torah Judaism}}}}
 +
|{{decrease}} 1
 +
|{{yes2|Coalition}}
 +
|-
 +
|[[April 2019 Israeli legislative election|Apr 2019]]
 +
|249,049
 +
|5.78 (#4)
 +
|{{Composition bar|8|120|{{party color|United Torah Judaism}}}}
 +
|{{increase}} 2
 +
| {{partial2|Caretaker}}
 +
|-
 +
|[[September 2019 Israeli legislative election|Sep 2019]]
 +
|268,688
 +
|6.06 (#6)
 +
|{{Composition bar|7|120|{{party color|United Torah Judaism}}}}
 +
|{{decrease}} 1
 +
| {{partial2|Caretaker}}
 +
|-
 +
|[[2020 Israeli legislative election|2020]]
 +
|274,437
 +
|5.98 (#5)
 +
|{{Composition bar|7|120|{{party color|United Torah Judaism}}}}
 +
|{{steady}}
 +
|{{yes2|Coalition}}
 +
|-
 +
|[[2021 Israeli legislative election|2021]]
 +
|align=left|[[Moshe Gafni]]
 +
|248,391
 +
|5.63 (#7)
 +
|{{Composition bar|7|120|{{party color|United Torah Judaism}}}}
 +
|{{steady}}
 +
|{{no2|Opposition}}
 +
|-
 +
|[[2022 Israeli legislative election|2022]]
 +
|align=left|[[Yitzhak Goldknopf]]
 +
|280,125
 +
|5.88 (#6)
 +
|{{Composition bar|7|120|{{party color|United Torah Judaism}}}}
 +
|{{steady}}
 +
|{{yes2|Coalition}}
 +
|}
  
 
==Notes==
 
==Notes==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>

Latest revision as of 08:22, 26 September 2024

United Torah Judaism , is a Haredi, religious conservative[1] political alliance in Israel. The alliance, consisting of Agudat Yisrael and Degel HaTorah, was first formed in 1992, in order to maximize Ashkenazi Haredi representation in the Knesset. Despite the alliance splitting in 2004 over rabbinical differences, the parties reconciled in 2006, in order to prevent vote wasting. In April 2019, the party achieved its highest number of seats ever, receiving eight seats. It is part of the so called National camp.

Unlike similar religiously-oriented parties like Shas, The Jewish Home, Tkuma, and Noam, UTJ is non-Zionist. Unlike some other Haredim, the party is notable for its usage of technology and electronic communication.[2]

Structure and constituency

UTJ has always been a coalition of two individual parties, choosing to take advantage of Israeli election law in order to maximize the number of seats it can gain in the Knesset (and thus maximize its influence):

The Agudat Yisrael faction takes its directions from the Hasidic rebbes of Ger (Rabbi Yaakov Aryeh Alter), Vizhnitz (Rabbi Yisroel Hager), and Belz (Rabbi Yissachar Dov Rokeach). Policy decisions are also weighed and decided by a Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah ("Council of Torah Sages"), a council of communal rabbis, made up of mostly senior and elderly rebbes.

Degel HaTorah's pre-eminent sages are Rabbi Chaim Kanievsky and Rabbi Gershon Edelstein, of Bnei Brak. Policy decisions are also weighed and decided by their own "Moetzes" (Council) of experienced communal rabbis, made up of mostly senior and elderly rosh yeshivas.

Election results

Election Leader Votes % Seats +/– Government
1992 Avraham Yosef Shapira 86,167 3.29 (#7) Template:Composition bar Template:Decrease 3 Template:No2
1996 Meir Porush 98,657 3.23 (#8) Template:Composition bar Template:Steady Template:Yes2
1999 125,741 3.80 (#9) Template:Composition bar Template:Increase 1 Template:Yes2
2003 Yaakov Litzman 135,087 4.29 (#8) Template:Composition bar Template:Steady Template:No2
2006 147,091 4.69 (#8) Template:Composition bar Template:Increase 1 Template:No2
2009 147,954 4.39 (#6) Template:Composition bar Template:Decrease 1 Template:Yes2
2013 195,892 5.16 (#6) Template:Composition bar Template:Increase 2 Template:No2
2015 210,143 4.99 (#9) Template:Composition bar Template:Decrease 1 Template:Yes2
Apr 2019 249,049 5.78 (#4) Template:Composition bar Template:Increase 2 Template:Partial2
Sep 2019 268,688 6.06 (#6) Template:Composition bar Template:Decrease 1 Template:Partial2
2020 274,437 5.98 (#5) Template:Composition bar Template:Steady Template:Yes2
2021 Moshe Gafni 248,391 5.63 (#7) Template:Composition bar Template:Steady Template:No2
2022 Yitzhak Goldknopf 280,125 5.88 (#6) Template:Composition bar Template:Steady Template:Yes2

Notes

  1. ↑ Israel Political Parties: United Torah Judaism.  Jewish Virtual Library.
  2. ↑ Israel's Ultra-Orthodox Parties Embrace Technology and Emerge Stronger. 20 April 2019. 
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