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| − | == Microsoft == | + | == History of Microsoft == |
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| − | *[[Bill Gates]]
| + | The company was founded by [[Bill Gates]] and [[Paul Allen]] in 1975 and generated profits of $16,000. In the 1980s microsoft flourished as it provided the operating system DOS for IBM’s PC. |
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| − | *[[Steven A. Ballmer]]
| + | Today Microsoft is an international company present in 102 different countries, employing 76,000 people and generalting a profit of $44.28 billion per year. |
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| − | *[[James I. Cash Jr.]] Ph.D.
| + | Microsoft takes up 18.3 million square feet of office building space and is ranked 15th in the world's top 500 companies. Microsoft's has driven 93% of the world's desktop computers since 1991 and its office software dominates 90% of the market and earns the company $9 billion a year. In 1990 Microsoft became the first software company to reach $1 billion in revenue. In 2003 Microsoft's revenue increased by $3.82 billion to $32.19 billion with a net income of $9993 billion. Although Microsoft have been accused of fraudulent accounting in order to show profit<ref>Corporate Watch (2004) '''Microsoft: A Corporate Profile'''[http://archive.corporatewatch.org/profiles/microsoft/microsoft4.htm Corporate Watch] (accessed 05/04/07)</ref>. |
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| − | *[[Dina Dublon]]
| + | The company headquarters are in Redmond, Washington, USA. |
| | + | Microsoft have ownership of MSNBC cable television network, the MSN Internet portal, and the Microsoft Encarta multimedia encyclopedia. |
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| − | *[[Raymond V. Gilmartin]]
| + | The company has faced much controversy over the years as many have attributed their success to their illegal monopoly over operating systems which effectively pushes competition out of the market. The company has faced legal proceedings aroung the world and have been found guilty on the charges of holding an unfair monopoly. However, as microsoft are an extrmely rich company, the finacial penalties they face are insignificant and they often pay their way out of any legal obligations to rectify this monopoly. |
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| − | *[[David F. Marquardt]]
| + | == Microsoft’s Philanthropy == |
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| − | *[[Charles H. Noski]]
| + | Bill Gates likes to consider himself above all as a philanthropic man. At the Government Leaders Forum he quoted Carnegie: ‘he who dies rich dies disgraced.’ Although Gates found the funny side to this, saying that he was still working on it, his charity has been described as the ‘Microsoft of charities’. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation was launched by a donation from Bill Gates of £54 million in 2000. Gates has a very philanthropic public image and has joined Bono on the cover of Time magazine as Humanitarian of the year and was voted 8th in the list of “Heroes of our Time” by the New Statesman. |
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| − | *[[Jon A. Shirley]]
| + | However, the ‘Microsoft of charities’ may hold alternative meanings as it has been criticised for disinvestments. In January the Los Angeles Times exposed the foundation for investing over £254 million in oil companies including [[Royal Dutch Shell]], [[Exxon Mobil]], [[Chevron]] and [[Total]] who were being accused of causing health problems in Nigeria which, ironically, is another area of funding for the trust<ref>MChinty, S (2007) '''Billionaire, benefactor...but is Bill Gates a force for good?''' [http://thescotsman.scotsman.com.index.cfm?id=161002007 The Scotsman] 31st January (accessed 28/02/07)</ref>. |
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| − | == UK Executives == | + | == Microsoft's Partner Companies == |
| | + | [[Charteris plc]] |
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| − | [[Gordon Frazer]] | + | ==Resources== |
| | + | *[[Microsoft:Products / Projects]] |
| | + | *[[Microsoft: Company Structure, Ownership, People]] |
| | + | *[[Microsoft:Influence / Lobbying]] |
| | + | *[[Microsoft:Corporate Crime]] |
| | + | *[[Microsoft:What you can do]] |
| | + | === International role === |
| | + | Microsoft have faced criticism and legal action around the world. The main accusations are that they constitute a monopoly and effectively push competitors out of the market. Court cases in the US and Europe give some indication of how they conduct their business and political activities. |
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| − | [[Neil Thompson]] | + | *[[Microsoft: US Conflicts]] |
| | + | *[[Microsoft: European Conflicts]] |
| | + | *[[Microsoft: UK]] |
| | + | *[[Microsoft: Wales]] |
| | + | *[[Microsoft: Scotland]] |
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| − | [[Nick Barley]]
| + | ==Lobbying firms== |
| − | | + | *[[APCO Worldwide]]<ref> [http://www.appc.org.uk/members/register/register-profile/?company=APCO%20Worldwide Register 1st September 2014 - 30th November 2014] ''APPC'', accessed 28 January 2015 </ref> |
| − | [[Sharon Baylay]]
| + | *[[Edelman]]<ref> [http://www.appc.org.uk/members/register/register-profile/?company=Edelman Register 1st September 2014 - 30th November 2014] ''APPC'', accessed 29 January 2015 </ref> |
| − | | + | *[[Weber Shandwick]]<ref> [http://www.appc.org.uk/members/register/register-profile/?company=Weber%20Shandwick Register 1st September 2014 - 30th November 2014] ''APPC'', accessed 29 January 2015 </ref> |
| − | [[Steve Dunn]]
| + | *[[Hanover Communications]] <ref>[https://registerofconsultantlobbyists.force.com/CLR_Public_Profile?id=0012400000600D4AAI Hanover Communications profile 2016], ''Register of consultant lobbyists'', accessed 25 April 2016</ref> |
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| − | [[Scott Dodds]]
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| − | [[Andy Watson]]
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| − | [[Matthew Bishop]]
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| − | [[Tery Smith]]
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| − | [[Chris Parker]]
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| − | [[Alison Dodd]]
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| − | [[Bronwyn Kunhardt]]
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| − | [[David Gartenberg]]
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| − | === Microsoft Scotland ===
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| − | Microsoft Edinburgh127 George Street
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| − | Edinburgh
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| − | EH2 4JN
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| − | 08706010100
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| − | === Microsoft Scotland Managers === | |
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| − | [[Raymond O'Hare]] | |
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| − | === Microsoft Workers ===
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| − | Microsoft Scotland have a work force of 40 people mostly working in sales and technical support
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| − | Microsoft are linked closly with the Scottish Executive, selling their technology to public services such as the police force and the NHS. Recently Microsoft have been cofounders of the NOt in education or Employment Project (NEET) aiming to train young Scots who are not in Employment or education in an attempt to give them key transferable skills to compete in the job market. They are also invloved with other Scottish organisations such as Learn Direct Scotland.
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| − | === Shared Services ===
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| − | Shared Services is a partnership between the government and the private sector aiming to use private business to run public services.
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| − | The Minister for Finance and Public Service Reform Tom McCabe etimated savings of between £250 million and £750 million a year across the whole of the Scottish public sector.
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| − | "The Executive is committed to spending taxpayers' money as efficiently and effectively as possible. This new shared services strategy on which we are seeking views is a central plank of our Efficient Government initiative which aims to tackle bureaucracy and duplication in the public sector. {{ref|23}}
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| − | == Microsoft Government Leaders Forum ==
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| − | The annual forum brings together Prime Ministers, Ministers, EU Commissioners and policy advisers from across Europe, marking one of the most senior gatherings of European leaders Scotland has seen.
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| − | The Government Leaders’ Forum Europe is one of Microsoft’s flagship events for government, parliamentarians, education and business leaders across the continent and is being supported by a partnership of the Scottish Parliament and the Scottish Executive.
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| − | The event provides a forum to formulate successful strategies in key areas relating to connected government, digital learning, employability skills and the transition to the knowledge economy. This year will reflect a number of Scotland’s experiences as the host country
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| − | Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament, George Reid MSP said:
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| − | “This conference provides an opportunity to debate key issues of engagement and economic development which affect citizens and states across Europe.
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| − | The President of Microsoft International, Jean-Philippe Courtois said:
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| − | “The Scottish Parliament offers a unique setting to hold a very interactive and participative Government Leaders’ Forum. This event offers an excellent opportunity to bring together top policy makers and industry leaders from across the continent to facilitate a discussion around the impact of ICT on parliaments and their citizens. Microsoft is grateful to both the Scottish Parliament and the Scottish Executive for their support and cooperation in bringing the GLF to Edinburgh.” {{ref|2}}
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| − | [[Microsoft Government Leaders Forum]]
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| − | Bill gates accompanied Jack Mc Connell in a press statement highlighting the philanthropic work both the Microsoft Corporation and the Scottish Executive will undertake in helping young Scots achieve. The signed agreement aims to train 100,000 Scots in computer skills {{ref|25}} The project is aimed at those not in education, employment or training (NEET)
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| − | === Microsoft's Involvement with Scotland's Public Services === | |
| − | [[Police Force]]
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| − | [[NHS]]
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| − | Last week the UK's National Health Service announced a landmark licensing deal with Microsoft, trumpeting savings of £330 million over the lifespan of the agreement. And what a sweet deal it was - for Microsoft. The NHS, the "largest procurer of IT services in the world" is now locked into Windows and Microsoft Office for nine years; its IT suppliers, if they wish to remain its IT suppliers, must also lock themselves in, and anyone working with the new NHS National Programme for IT (NPfIT) has effectively had Windows chosen for them.
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| − | Which is not a bad outcome to a year of 'tough talking' from the NHS, and probably worth the odd discount. In the 'win' column for the NHS and the rest of the healthcare industry we have the £330 million saving (not much of a saving for some, as it's on licence fees they weren't paying in the first place) plus indeterminate licensing income, while for Microsoft we have the almost unprecedented length of the deal, a direct potential to almost double its user base in UK healthcare, and the UK health industry's adoption of a client UI that ties it to Windows and Office.
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| − | The scoresheet derives from two announcements, that of the new licensing agreement and a Microsoft undertaking to develop "a health specific user interface for clinical systems" at "no charge" to the NHS. The latter will "bring uniformity to the various clinical systems that are used across the NHS [and] Microsoft will also supply customised versions of Office and Windows to deliver a consistent look and feel to NHS computer users." Microsoft envisages healthcare ISVs using this UI in their applications, and in the case of the NHS they're not likely to have a choice, given that NHS IT director general Richard Granger sees it being used as "a common look and feel of all clinical applications to improve patient care and safety across the NHS."
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| − | The licensing deal provides the NHS with "up to 900,000 licences", compared to the 500,000 it currently has, and this meshes nicely with the UI agreement because Microsoft will be supplying customised versions of Office and Windows "for NHS computer users." Not all NHS users currently use Windows, and not all of the people working with the NHS would currently count themselves as NHS computers users as such, while not all of the Health Trusts would necessarily see Granger's writ as running as far as their choice of desktop software. The NPfIT however does bring with it a considerable increase in centralisation in terms of systems used and purchasing, so Microsoft has cutely contrived matters so that Granger has made his bed, and now everybody else is going to have to get into it with him.
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| − | Even before Microsoft is brought into the equation, centralisation has begun to squeeze out smaller suppliers. EMIS, for example, currently produces the most widely-used GP system, but claims it has been unable to sign contracts with any of the five English Local Service Providers (LSPs) for the NPfIT, because it says the conditions that would have been imposed on it were "untenable." In a letter stating its position the company claims the "NPfIT is intent on standardising NHS IT not by encouraging innovation and competition but by monopolising the market place... If the NPfIT policy is about rigorous standardisation that they feel can be achieved by two different suppliers then clearly a third supplier is just as likely to produce a quality system based on agreed standards."
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| − | The two clinical systems being used by the LSPs are iSOFT's Lorenzo and IDX's Carecast, these being the two examples of ISVs put forward in the NHS-MS health UI announcement, and also the "two 'core' clinical applications for the NHS", according to NPfIT guidance issued in recent months. According to E-Health Insider, NPfIT COO Gordon Hextall says that the numbers of other systems to be culled via this process should now be referred to as "existing" systems, "due to the pejorative connotations of the term 'legacy'". How sensitive of him.
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| − | The UI deal however means that Microsoft now stands to benefit greatly, leveraging Windows and Office into those GP practices which don't already use them, and rolling back rivals' penetration. Sun UK Head of Corporate Affairs Richard Barrington sees this as a direct threat to existing Sun customers in the NHS, pointing out that some health trusts are already using StarOffice, but may now find themselves forced to switch to MS Office instead. "Does Granger have the mandate to force everybody to use this stuff?", he asks irately.
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| − | Granger certainly has the power, because the deal was negotiated at the highest levels of Microsoft and the UK government. Last year he threw down the gauntlet, announcing a trial of Sun's Java Desktop System and threatening to roll it out across 800,000 desktops. This again is higher than the NHS' current 500,000 users, but still lower than the total NHS headcount of 1.2 million. Clearly Granger was anticipating a common system for all of the clinicians who would become users under the NPfIT regime, and this system being extended to people who previously hadn't used computers directly to access NHS services.
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| − | The new UI and the customised version of Office will also represent additional speedbumps for would-be competitors. If, for example, Sun wished to bid on a future NHS desktop contract, in addition to the current need to match as much general Microsoft functionality as possible it would have to match the UI and the NHS/health-specific version of Office, which would probably involve licensing technology from Microsoft.
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| − | The December announcement was swiftly followed in January of this year by a Bill Gates summit with Granger and Secretary of State for Health John Reid. This process is proudly referred to in the NHS' licensing deal announcement, the intent presumably being to impress us with the commercial acumen of Reid and Granger. Gates himself had a busy and rewarding time of it on the trip: the NHS, meetings with Chancellor Gordon Brown, the then OGC head Peter Gershon, a starring role at Brown's entrepreneur summit, and a knighthood. No great problem getting a club class ticket through this time, we'd hazard.
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| − | According to the announcement, the Gates meeting was followed by discussions between Granger and Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer, leading to the formal deal. The timescale, however, is interesting, as the cycle commenced just as the NHS was beginning its JDS trial, and in September the NHS announced the purchase of 5,000 JDS licences for "tactical reasons", and allegedly to allow it to conduct further testing of open source deployments. The current Microsoft deal was at least very close to signing then, but there was an opportunity for some last minute haggling in early October, when Steve Ballmer was last in spotted in the UK.
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| − | "The option to use Open Source software in the future remains and continues to be evaluated", says the announcement, but it's difficult to see how this could realistically be the case. The contract, in effect, ties the NHS into a single supplier for desktops, and in that sense flies in the face of Office of Government Commerce advice in its OSS report to "determine whether current technologies and IT policies inhibit future choice; and if so consider what steps may be necessary to prevent future 'lock in'". The OGC has been evaluating open source precisely because it needs government departments to have an alternative to Microsoft. The NHS has meanwhile virtually extinguished the alternative for itself for nine years.
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| − | Coincidentally, one of the OGC OSS case studies, of "a government department" which did not wish to give its name, looks strangely familiar. The department "is undertaking a major program to update and improve its IT systems." The "desktop estate is Microsoft-based almost in its entirety, it was evident that deployment of an open source, low cost alternative desktop could provide substantial savings." Anybody we know, do you think? "Sun Microsystems Java Desktop System (JDS) has been identified as a possible alternative desktop solution. In January 2004, an agreement was reached with Sun to conduct a trial of the JDS to assess its suitability for use as a desktop within the organisation."
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| − | And in the conclusions, it is revealed that: "The organisation has procured a substantial number of JDS licences for deployment." The trial itself seems to have been of fairly low intensity, with "three notebooks and 12 copies of the JDS... supplied by Sun", but the issues identified and the suggested ways forward are significant. The organisation reported "problems opening files from Windows shared drives, and in using the JDS file manager to copy files." It also complained of "lack of integration with Microsoft Exchange Server", "lack of system management tools" (addressed by an upgrade during the trial), and lack of support for local file encryption. It does however report that "a satisfactory response/resolution was received from Sun Microsystems on all issues raised".
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| − | The verdict of the organisation was: "Indications are that the JDS is not yet suited for introduction into a Microsoft-based architecture, but it would be suitable for a green-field site". It's not entirely obvious how the published case study details (we've reproduced the bulk here) might lead to such a conclusion, but if a department were about to announce 900,000 Microsoft licences it would hardly want to be publishing a case study that said JDS would be fine for its purposes. It clearly wouldn't be in the case of some classes of user, but this also goes for one of the other 'anonymous' case studies, Bristol, which is going ahead with a 15-85 per cent Microsoft/StarOffice split. Sun's Barrington says Bristol's 15 per cent MSOffice machines are costing twice as much as the 85 per cent StarOffice: "Extrapolate that to 900,000."
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| − | The vast body of current thinking on OSS migration regards a mixed, evolutionary approach as the most rational one, but it's probable that Granger's vision for the NHS rules this out as an option. If, as seems to be the case, the NHS was looking for a single client environment that could work with all of its existing systems and duplicate all of the functionality of Microsoft Office, then Sun JDS could only win the contract if it could do all, not just 'most' or 'enough' of what a full-spec, up to date XP/Office combination could do. It's clearly impossible, and you could therefore say that requirements of this stringency are 'auto-lockin'.
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| − | But although the parallels are quite chilling, the anonymous organisation of the OGC case study cannot possibly have been the NHS. Both pilots may have commenced in January, but the NHS would surely have needed more than 12 copies of the JDS to convince Bill Gates it wasn't just bluffing in order to get a price cut. How about 5,000 copies then? Hmmm.... Health Minister John Hutton meanwhile tells us that the NHS-MS deal means improved patient safety, because "NHS staff will continue to use familiar software reducing the possibility of error". This will no doubt include the extra 400,000 not currently covered by Windows licences, those of the existing 500,000 who're not on XP yet, and all 900,000 who've yet to be shipped the familiar new health UI they're going to be using. This software sounds so clever one begins to wonder why anybody wouldn't buy it.
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| − | Hutton and the Department of Health however show little sign of grasping the full consequences of what they're doing. In the Commons Hutton has repeatedly painted a rosy picture of the choice-filled future that the NPfIT will bring, while the program itself is relentlessly concentrating power in the hands of a few chosen suppliers and driving choice out of the system as the network extends, culling the very suppliers that Hutton lists as "approved". The latest example, where choice now comes down to one single supplier, just takes the process to its illogical, unsatisfactory conclusion. For nine years. {{ref|26}}
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| | == Notes == | | == Notes == |
| | + | <references/> |
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| − | #{{note|1}} Microsoft website [http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/steve/default.mspx Board of Directors]accessed 30/01/07
| + | [[Category:Media Industry]][[Category:Transnational Corporations]] |
| − | #{{note|2}} Microsoft website [http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/steve/default.mspx Board of Directors]accessed 30/01/07
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| − | #{{note|3}} Microsoft website, [http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/bod/jcash/default.mspx Board of Directors]
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| − | #{{note|4}} Microsoft website, [http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/bod/jcash/default.mspx Board of Directors]
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| − | #{{note|5}}Microsoft website, [http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/bod/jcash/default.mspx Board of Directors]
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| − | #{{note|6}} Microsoft website, [http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/bod/jcash/default.mspx Board of Directors]
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| − | #{{note|7}} Microsoft website, [http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/bod/jcash/default.mspx Board of Directors]
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| − | #{{note|8}}Microsoft website, [http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/bod/jcash/default.mspx Board of Directors]
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| − | #{{note|9}}''Scottish Parliament to host the UK’s first Microsoft Government Leaders’ Forum'' | 20 September 2006.[http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/nmCentre/news/news-06/pa06-068.htm]
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| − | #{{note|10}}''Scottish Parliament to host the UK’s first Microsoft Government Leaders’ Forum'' | 20 September 2006.[http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/nmCentre/news/news-06/pa06-068.htm]Microsoft UK Press Center [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/press/content/presscentre/releases/2004/11/pr03340.mspx Raymond O'Hare]accessed 18/02/07
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| − | #{{note|11}} ''Scottish Parliament to host the UK’s first Microsoft Government Leaders’ Forum'' | 20 September 2006.[http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/nmCentre/news/news-06/pa06-068.htm]Microsoft UK Press Center [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/press/content/presscentre/releases/2004/11/pr03340.mspx Raymond O'Hare]accessed 18/02/07
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| − | #{{note|12}} Lucy Sherriff [http://209.85.129.104/search?q=cache:ObadE5UNRR0J:www.theregister.co.uk/2005/01/05/scottish_it_spending_spree/+microsoft+scotland&hl=en&gl=uk&ct=clnk&cd=1 Microsoft says Scottish NHS must curb IT spend: Unusual advice from a vendor] ''The Register'', Published Wednesday 5th January 2005 13:25 GMT
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| − | #{{note|13}}Microsoft Website [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/press/executives/default.mspx UK executives] accessed 21/02/07
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| − | #{{note|14}}Microsoft Website [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/press/executives/default.mspx UK executives] accessed 21/02/07
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| − | #{{note|15}} Microsoft Website [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/press/executives/default.mspx UK executives] accessed 21/02/07
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| − | #{{note|16}}Microsoft Website [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/press/executives/default.mspx UK executives] accessed 21/02/07
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| − | #{{note|17}} Microsoft Website [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/press/executives/default.mspx UK executives] accessed 21/02/07
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| − | #{{note|18}} Microsoft Website [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/press/executives/default.mspx UK executives] accessed 21/02/07
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| − | #{{note|19}}Microsoft Website [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/press/executives/default.mspx UK executives] accessed 21/02/07
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| − | #{{note|20}}Microsoft Website [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/press/executives/default.mspx UK executives] accessed Microsoft Website [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/press/executives/default.mspx UK executives] accessed 21/02/0721/02/07
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| − | #{{note|21}}Microsoft Website [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/press/executives/default.mspx UK executives] accessed 21/02/07
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| − | #{{note|22}}Microsoft Website [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/press/executives/default.mspx UK executives] accessed 21/02/07
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| − | #{{note|23}}Microsoft Website [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/press/executives/default.mspx UK executives] accessed 21/02/07
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| − | #{{note|24}}Microsoft Website [http://www.microsoft.com/uk/press/executives/default.mspx UK executives] accessed 21/02/07
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| − | #{{note|25}} Scotsman website Billionaire, benefactor...but is Bill Gates a force for good? [http://news.scotsman.com/scitech.cfm?id=161002007.html Microsoft and Scottish executive Agreement] accessed 28/02/07
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| − | #{{note|23}} Scottish Executive Website [http://http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2006/05/05110720 Scottish executive Website Shared Services Strategy]
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| − | #{{note|25}}Microsoft Website [[http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2005/aug05/08-11CSPPR.mspx Police IT System]] accessed 22/03/07
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