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| − | [[WWF]] (World Wildlife Fund) is a major wildlife conservation body. The US branch, WWF-US, was founded in 1961 by [[Russell Train]],<ref>Christine MacDonald, Green, Inc., Lyons Press, 2008, p. 7</ref> who was the second US [[Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) administrator from 1973-77. Train was the president of WWF from 1978 to 1995.
| + | ''See main article'': [[WWF]] |
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| − | In the same year that the US branch of WWF was founded, the organization was established in Europe with [[Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands]] as its international president and Prince Philip, the [[Duke of Edinburgh]] as head of the UK branch.<ref>Christine MacDonald, Green, Inc., Lyons Press, 2008, p. 7</ref>
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| − | ==Corporate ties==
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| − | Writing in 1997, Brian Tokar observed in his book, ''Earth for Sale'', that the World Wildlife Fund was
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| − | :associated with nineteen corporations cited in the National Wildlife Federation's recent survey of the 500 worst industrial polluters. These companies included such recognized environmental offenders as [[Union Carbide]], [[Exxon]], [[Monsanto]], [[Weyerhaeuser]], [[Du Pont]], and [[Waste Management]].<ref>Brian Tokar, ''Earth for Sale: Reclaiming Ecology in the Age of Corporate Greenwash'', South End Press, 1997, pp. 20, 25, cited by Michael Barker in "[http://www.swans.com/library/art14/barker07.html#49 The Philanthropic Roots Of Corporate Environmentalism]", Swans Commentary, 3 November 2008, accessed January 2009.</ref>
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| − | In her book ''Green, Inc.'', journalist and former employee of [[Conservation International]] Christine MacDonald lays bare the corporate ties of WWF-US, the US branch of WWF-International:
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| − | :Its partners include mining, logging, consumer goods, financial services, high-tech, and large retailers.<ref>Christine MacDonald, Green, Inc., Lyons Press, 2008, p. xiv</ref>
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| − | WWF's corporate partners are perhaps not surprising in the light of its board of directors, which includes [[Pamela Ebsworth]], the wife of retired cruise ship baron Barney Ebsworth; [[General Electric]] executive [[Pamela Daley]], and [[S. Curtis Johnson]], the [[Johnson & Johnson]] heir.<ref>Christine MacDonald, Green, Inc., Lyons Press, 2008, p. 24</ref>
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| − | According to Christine MacDonald, [[Citigroup]] and [[JP Morgan Chase & Co.]] are WWF partners. WWF also has ties (relationships include donations, partnerships, programmes, projects, joint councils, and advisory boards) to [[Alcoa]], [[Home Depot]], [[Johnson & Johnson]], [[PG & E]], [[Royal Caribbean Cruises]], and [[Starbucks]].<ref>Christine MacDonald, Green, Inc., Lyons Press, 2008, p. 28</ref>
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| − | CounterPunch editor Jeffrey St. Clair accuses WWF of backing nearly every trade bill to come down the pike, from [[NAFTA]] (North American Free Trade Ageement) to [[GATT]] (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) and of sidling up to some unsavoury government agencies advancing the same neoliberal agenda across the Third World.<ref>Jeffrey St. Clair, [http://www.dissidentvoice.org/Articles/StClair_PandaPorn.htm Panda Porn: The Marriage of WWF and Weyerhaeuser]", Dissident Voice, 5 December 2002, accessed January 2009</ref>
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| − | ==Profile of World Wildlife Fund by Candida Hadley==
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| − | [EXTRACTS ONLY]
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| − | :Operating in over one hundred countries, employing 4,000 people globally, and boasting five million supporters on five continents, the World Wildlife Fund, or WWF, is one of the world's largest environmental organizations...
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| − | :WWF is a "global conservation organization" that works to "stop and eventually reverse environmental degradation and… build a future where people live in harmony with nature" (www.panda.org). Among their guiding principles WWF has pledged to "be global, multicultural and non party political," and to "involve local communities and indigenous peoples in the planning and execution of its field programmes, respecting their cultural as well as economic needs" (www.panda.org).
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| − | :Despite its international success there are some animal welfare organizations, such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, that oppose some of WWF's policies.
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| − | :In addition to this issue of animal welfare, there is also a great deal of controversy surrounding WWF's relations with Indigenous and traditional peoples. Although WWF claims to maintain partnerships with Indigenous peoples who live in ecologically-sensitive areas, complaints about WWF's treatment of Indigenous peoples have emerged all over the world. One complaint is that the establishment of Protected Areas and National Parks has often led to the eviction of Indigenous and traditional peoples from their lands and has cut short the land claims being made by these peoples.
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| − | :There are also concerns about the conflicts of interest that arise from the funding relationships that WWF has with governments, multilateral agencies, and private corporations. Corporations such as [[Shell]], [[ExxonMobil]] and [[Monsanto]] are major funders of WWF, meaning that WWF is allying "with forces that are destroying the world's remaining ecosystems"<ref>Chapin, Mac. 2004. A challenge to conservationists. World Watch 17: 6.</ref>.
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| − | :This funding has several consequences. For example, WWF cannot ally itself with Indigenous peoples who are fighting these corporation's activities without endangering their funding, and their government and corporate ties mean that they may not oppose the government corruption and inaction that is often responsible for environmental degradation. WWF excuses its lack of action in "national matters" with the suggestion that they wish to remain apolitical, but critics believe that WWF is more concerned with the science of biodiversity than social realities.<ref>Candida Hadley, McMaster University, "[http://www.globalautonomy.ca/global1/glossary_entry.jsp?id=OR.0048 World Wildlife Fund]", Globalization and Autonomy website, accessed February 2008</ref>
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| − | ==Ex President working for Ford Foundation and Alcoa==
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| − | [[Kathryn Fuller]], WWF President and Chief Executive from 1989-2005, left the organisation to chair the [[Ford Foundation]] and sit on the Executive board of aluminium company [[Alcoa]], who have been accused of multiple environmental and human rights abuses<ref>Jaap Krater and Miriam Rose, [http://savingiceland.puscii.nl/?tag=climate-change&language=en 'Development of Iceland’s geothermal energy potential for aluminium production– a critical analysis'],In: Abrahamsky, K. (ed) (2009). Sparking a World-wide Energy Revolution: Social Struggles in the Transition to a Post-Petrol World. AK Press, Edinburgh.</ref>.
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| − | ==Who runs WWF? A BP board member==
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| − | The Dutch WWF website tells us:
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| − | :Het internationale WWF-bestuur bestaat hoofdzakelijk uit vertegenwoordigers van de nationale organisaties. Voor Nederland is Antony Burgmans in het internationale bestuur vertegenwoordigd als voorzitter {The international WWF-board mainly consists of representatives of the national organisations. The Netherlands is represented on the international board by [[Anthony Burgmans]], as chairman of the board}.<ref>[http://www.wnf.nl/nl/overwnf/organisatie/ De organisatie], WWF Netherlands website, acc 7 Mar 2011</ref>
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| − | Antony Burgmans is a non-executive board member of [[BP]] (the energy and biofuels giant that is also a member company of the Round Table on Responsible Soy) and a member of the Supervisory Boards of [[Akzo-Nobel]], [[Aegon]] and [[SHV]]. He is chairman of the supervisory boards of WWF-Netherlands and Mauritshuis (The Hague).<ref>WWF, [http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/organization/trustees/antonyburgmans.cfm Antony Burgmans], acc 7 Mar 2011</ref>
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| − | ==Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS)==
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| − | Between 2008 and 2011 (ongoing) WWF came under heavy criticism from environmental and civil society groups for its central role in the [[Round Table on Responsible Soy]], a big agribiz-led forum that claims to want to make soy production more responsible. (See [[Round Table on Responsible Soy]].)
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| − | ==Worldwide protest at WWF launch of Aquaculture Stewardship Council==
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| − | On 14 May 2009 over 70 human rights and environmental groups from around the world signed an open letter expressing outrage at the planned launch of the World Wildlife Fund's [[Aquaculture Stewardship Council]].
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| − | In a letter sent to leading members of WWF,<ref>"[http://shrimpsuck.blogspot.com/2009/05/worldwide-protest-against-wwfs-plans-to.html Letter to WWF from 70 International NGO Networks, Organizations and Individuals Opposing the Formation of the Aquaculture Stewardship Council]", 14 May 2009, accessed 16 May 2009</ref> campaigners claimed that the organisation's plans to certify the industrial production of shrimp and salmon are influenced by the vested interests of the aquaculture industry, and do not reflect or take into account the wishes of local communities and indigenous peoples who live alongside shrimp and salmon farms. They say that WWF continues to reject invitations to meet with representatives of affected communities in six different aquaculture regions across the world.
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| − | Campaigners also argue that the planned certification process is inherently flawed in favour of the aquaculture industry. They point to the fact that the certification body run by WWF is part-funded by the food industry, and that the individual employed by WWF to run the process, was previously employed as a regional vice-president for a controversial aquaculture multinational, that has been widely accused of labour violations and environmental destruction.
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| − | "WWF needs to explain why they are happy to engage with industry, but have repeatedly rejected calls for meetings from over 70 groups, representing tens of thousands of marginalised people from around the world?" asks Juan Jose Lopez, Coordinator of RedMangar in Latin America.
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| − | "How can any process be regarded as legitimate when a large Western NGO and its financial backers in the food industry are able to dictate what is best for the livelihoods of people in other countries around the world?" asks Alfredo Quarto, of Mangrove Action Project.
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| − | "The proposed certification by WWF promises to legitimise environmentally and socially damaging forms of aquaculture in the name of cheap prawns and salmon. It's high time that WWF stops 'Pandering' to the interests of big business, and instead begins to listen to the voices of real people that rely on the oceans and forests to survive." says Natasha Ahmad, ASIA secretariat.
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| − | ==People==
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| − | *[[Anthony Burgmans]], chairman of the board of WWF International and a Trustee of the same. He is also chairman of the supervisory boards of WWF-Netherlands, Mauritshuis (The Hague) - also a non-executive board member of [[BP]]<ref>[http://www.wnf.nl/nl/overwnf/organisatie/ De organisatie], WWF Netherlands website, acc 7 Mar 2011</ref><ref>WWF, [http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/organization/trustees/antonyburgmans.cfm Antony Burgmans], acc 7 Mar 2011</ref>
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| − | *[[Calestous Juma]], Trustee of WWF International. He is also a proponent of genetically modified food (see [[Klaus Ammann]]). He is Professor of the Practice of International Development and Director of the Science, Technology, and Globalization Project at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government.<ref>WWF, [http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/organization/trustees/ WWF International Board], acc 7 Mar 2011</ref> He is director, [[Agricultural Innovation in Africa Project]], funded by the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].<ref>[http://www.hks.harvard.edu/about/faculty-staff-directory/calestous-juma Calestous Juma], Harvard website, acc 29 Apr 2010</ref> He is editor of the [[International Journal of Technology and Globalisation]] and the [[International Journal of Biotechnology]].<ref>WWF, [http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/organization/trustees/ WWF International Board], acc 7 Mar 2011</ref>
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| − | ==Resources==
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| − | *[http://www.WickedWildlifeFund.com Wicked Wildlife Fund]
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| − | *[http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/1-news-items/9116 WWF still accomplice to greenwashing: GMWatch]
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| − | ==Contact==
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| − | World Wildlife Fund [www.panda.org|website]
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| − | ==Notes==
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| − | <references/>
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| − | [[Category:GM]][[Category:GM]][[Category:Biofuels]][[Category:Biofuels Lobby Groups]][[Category:Water: NGOs]]
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| − | '''[http://www.spinprofiles.org/index.php/GM_Watch:_Portal Back to GMWatch Portal]'''
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