Difference between revisions of "Arthur Salter"

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==Background and education==
 
==Background and education==
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Salter was the son of John Henry Salter (1853–1930), head of [[River Thames|Thames]] boating company [[Salters Steamers]], and Mayor of [[Oxford]] in 1903.<ref>{{cite web
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Salter was the son of John Henry Salter (1853–1930), head of Thames boating company [[Salters Steamers]], and Mayor of Oxford in 1903.<ref>{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.salterssteamers.co.uk/history.htm
 
|url=http://www.salterssteamers.co.uk/history.htm
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|title=A Brief History of Salter's}}</ref> Educated at [[Oxford City High School]] and [[Brasenose College, Oxford]], where he was a scholar, he graduated with first class honours in [[Literae Humaniores]] in 1903.  
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|title=A Brief History of Salter's}}</ref> Educated at Oxford City High School and [[Brasenose College, Oxford]], he graduated with first class honours in Literae Humaniores in 1903.
  
 
==Career==
 
==Career==
 
Salter joined the [[British Civil Service|Civil Service]] in 1904 and worked in the transport department of the [[Admiralty]], on national insurance, and as private secretary, being promoted to [[Assistant Secretary]] grade in 1913. On the outbreak of war, he was recalled to the Admiralty, and became director of ship requisitioning. He was sent to [[Washington D.C.]] to press for a US programme of new construction. In 1917/18 he was a colleague of [[Jean Monnet]] in the Chartering Committee of the [[Allied Maritime Transport Council]], and in 1919 appointed secretary of the Supreme Economic Council in Paris. Salter then worked as head of the economic and financial section of the [[League of Nations]] secretariat, and in the League secretariat at [[Geneva]], where he worked for stabilization of currencies of [[Austria]] and [[Hungary]] and resettlement of refugees in [[Greece]] and [[Bulgaria]].  
 
Salter joined the [[British Civil Service|Civil Service]] in 1904 and worked in the transport department of the [[Admiralty]], on national insurance, and as private secretary, being promoted to [[Assistant Secretary]] grade in 1913. On the outbreak of war, he was recalled to the Admiralty, and became director of ship requisitioning. He was sent to [[Washington D.C.]] to press for a US programme of new construction. In 1917/18 he was a colleague of [[Jean Monnet]] in the Chartering Committee of the [[Allied Maritime Transport Council]], and in 1919 appointed secretary of the Supreme Economic Council in Paris. Salter then worked as head of the economic and financial section of the [[League of Nations]] secretariat, and in the League secretariat at [[Geneva]], where he worked for stabilization of currencies of [[Austria]] and [[Hungary]] and resettlement of refugees in [[Greece]] and [[Bulgaria]].  
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He returned to [[London]] in 1930, and worked as journalist and author. In 1932, he presided over a Conference on Road and Rail Transport tasked with looking at the true costs and benefits of transport, and whose results were known as the [[Salter Report]]. It recommended changes to the way that public roads were funded to account for the growing demands of the motor car and road freight, and to ensure that road and rail were evenly regulated and competed fairly. After some deliberation, and receiving many protests from companies with road interests, government introduced freight licensing and the [[vehicle excise duty|Road Fund]] as a direct result, so that motorists should completely cover the costs of the road network and associated costs across the economy.
 
  
 
In 1934, he was appointed Gladstone professor of political theory and institutions at [[Oxford University]], and a fellow of [[All Souls College, Oxford]]. He was [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Oxford University (UK Parliament constituency)|Oxford University]] from 1937-50. He resumed his shipping interests from World War I, being appointed [[Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Shipping]] in 1939, and heading the British shipping mission to Washington from 1941–3. He was appointed a [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Counsellor]] in 1941. In 1944 he was appointed deputy director-general of the [[United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration]]. He briefly served as [[Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster]] in the summer of 1945. He was elected as Conservative MP for [[Ormskirk (UK Parliament constituency)|Ormskirk]] from 1951–3, and served as [[Minister of State for Economic Affairs]] at the Treasury, and as [[Minister of Materials]] in 1952. In the mid-1950s he was [[14_July_Revolution#Economic_climate|invited by Nuri al-Said ]] to be one of the external members of the Iraqi government's Development Board.  
 
In 1934, he was appointed Gladstone professor of political theory and institutions at [[Oxford University]], and a fellow of [[All Souls College, Oxford]]. He was [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Oxford University (UK Parliament constituency)|Oxford University]] from 1937-50. He resumed his shipping interests from World War I, being appointed [[Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Shipping]] in 1939, and heading the British shipping mission to Washington from 1941–3. He was appointed a [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Counsellor]] in 1941. In 1944 he was appointed deputy director-general of the [[United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration]]. He briefly served as [[Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster]] in the summer of 1945. He was elected as Conservative MP for [[Ormskirk (UK Parliament constituency)|Ormskirk]] from 1951–3, and served as [[Minister of State for Economic Affairs]] at the Treasury, and as [[Minister of Materials]] in 1952. In the mid-1950s he was [[14_July_Revolution#Economic_climate|invited by Nuri al-Said ]] to be one of the external members of the Iraqi government's Development Board.  
  
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He was raised to the peerage as '''Baron Salter''', of [[Kidlington]] in the [[Oxfordshire|County of Oxford]], on 16 October 1953.<ref> London Gazette: no. 39988, p. 5498, 16 October 1953.</ref> He had received many honours during his career, being first appointed a [[Order of the Bath|Companion of the Bath]] in 1918, a [[Order of the Bath|Knight Commander of the Bath]] in 1922, and a [[Order of the British Empire|GBE]] in 1944. His peerage became extinct when he died in 1975.
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He was raised to the peerage as '''Baron Salter''', of Kidlington in the County of Oxford, on 16 October 1953.<ref> London Gazette: no. 39988, p. 5498, 16 October 1953.</ref>
  
 
==Bibliography==
 
==Bibliography==

Latest revision as of 11:30, 24 February 2011

James Arthur Salter, 1st Baron Salter GBE, KCB, PC (15 March 1881 – 27 June 1975) was a British politician and academic.

Background and education

Salter was the son of John Henry Salter (1853–1930), head of Thames boating company Salters Steamers, and Mayor of Oxford in 1903.[1] Educated at Oxford City High School and Brasenose College, Oxford, he graduated with first class honours in Literae Humaniores in 1903.

Career

Salter joined the Civil Service in 1904 and worked in the transport department of the Admiralty, on national insurance, and as private secretary, being promoted to Assistant Secretary grade in 1913. On the outbreak of war, he was recalled to the Admiralty, and became director of ship requisitioning. He was sent to Washington D.C. to press for a US programme of new construction. In 1917/18 he was a colleague of Jean Monnet in the Chartering Committee of the Allied Maritime Transport Council, and in 1919 appointed secretary of the Supreme Economic Council in Paris. Salter then worked as head of the economic and financial section of the League of Nations secretariat, and in the League secretariat at Geneva, where he worked for stabilization of currencies of Austria and Hungary and resettlement of refugees in Greece and Bulgaria.

In 1934, he was appointed Gladstone professor of political theory and institutions at Oxford University, and a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Oxford University from 1937-50. He resumed his shipping interests from World War I, being appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Shipping in 1939, and heading the British shipping mission to Washington from 1941–3. He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1941. In 1944 he was appointed deputy director-general of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. He briefly served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in the summer of 1945. He was elected as Conservative MP for Ormskirk from 1951–3, and served as Minister of State for Economic Affairs at the Treasury, and as Minister of Materials in 1952. In the mid-1950s he was invited by Nuri al-Said to be one of the external members of the Iraqi government's Development Board.

He was raised to the peerage as Baron Salter, of Kidlington in the County of Oxford, on 16 October 1953.[2]

Bibliography

  • Christophe Le Dréau, Arthur Salter face à la construction européenne (1929-1951), Mémoire de DEA de l'Université Paris I Sorbonne, sous la direction de Robert Frank, 1999, 232p.
  • James Arthur Salter: Allied Shipping Control, Oxford 1921.

References

  1. ↑ A Brief History of Salter's.
  2. ↑ London Gazette: no. 39988, p. 5498, 16 October 1953.
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